Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	YellowknifeMore information: Northwest Territories [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,673	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,141^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,773	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,327	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,086.3	...	...	1,086.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18.11	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,670	9,795	9,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,995	2,020	1,975	20.3	20.6	20.0
0 to 4 years	1,320	665	650	6.7	6.8	6.6
5 to 9 years	1,370	695	675	7.0	7.1	6.8
10 to 14 years	1,305	660	645	6.6	6.7	6.5
15 to 64 years	14,125	7,000	7,125	71.8	71.5	72.1
15 to 19 years	1,155	565	590	5.9	5.8	6.0
20 to 24 years	1,285	685	595	6.5	7.0	6.0
25 to 29 years	1,565	795	770	8.0	8.1	7.8
30 to 34 years	1,795	855	945	9.1	8.7	9.6
35 to 39 years	1,675	805	870	8.5	8.2	8.8
40 to 44 years	1,595	750	845	8.1	7.7	8.6
45 to 49 years	1,355	680	685	6.9	6.9	6.9
50 to 54 years	1,280	640	640	6.5	6.5	6.5
55 to 59 years	1,345	665	675	6.8	6.8	6.8
60 to 64 years	1,070	560	510	5.4	5.7	5.2
65 years and over	1,550	765	780	7.9	7.8	7.9
65 to 69 years	710	365	345	3.6	3.7	3.5
70 to 74 years	415	230	190	2.1	2.3	1.9
75 to 79 years	230	105	125	1.2	1.1	1.3
80 to 84 years	95	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
85 years and over	100	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
85 to 89 years	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
90 to 94 years	65	25	50	0.3	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.6	20.0	20.3	20.6	20.0
15 to 64 years	71.8	71.5	72.1	71.8	71.5	72.1
65 years and over	7.9	7.8	7.9	7.9	7.8	7.9
85 years and over	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.7
Average age of the population	35.5	35.4	35.7	35.5	35.4	35.7
Median age of the population	35.2	34.8	35.2	35.2	34.8	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,230	...	...	44.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	195	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	885	...	...	12.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	305	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,935	...	...	26.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	295	...	...	4.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	465	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,760	...	...	24.0	...	...
2 persons	2,245	...	...	30.6	...	...
3 persons	1,325	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	1,265	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	735	...	...	10.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,345	9,615	9,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,675	7,770	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,855	4,420	4,435	56.5	56.9	56.1
Married	6,320	3,175	3,140	40.3	40.9	39.7
Living common-law	2,535	1,240	1,290	16.2	16.0	16.3
Living common law - Never married	2,060	1,000	1,060	13.1	12.9	13.4
Living common law - Separated	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	380	195	185	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	6,825	3,355	3,465	43.5	43.2	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,275	2,780	2,495	33.7	35.8	31.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	360	155	205	2.3	2.0	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	785	315	465	5.0	4.1	5.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	400	95	300	2.6	1.2	3.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,410	...	...	45.7	...	...
3 persons	1,195	...	...	22.7	...	...
4 persons	1,170	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 or more persons	500	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,285	...	...	81.2	...	...
Married couples	3,015	...	...	57.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,885	...	...	35.7	...	...
Without children	1,125	...	...	21.3	...	...
Common-law couples	1,270	...	...	24.1	...	...
With children⁶	575	...	...	10.9	...	...
Without children	690	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	995	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	750	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	240	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,345	9,615	9,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,775	7,715	8,060	81.5	80.2	82.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,565	4,240	4,320	44.3	44.1	44.4
Parents in one-parent families	995	240	750	5.1	2.5	7.7
Children⁶	6,215	3,230	2,985	32.1	33.6	30.7
In a two-parent family	4,620	2,420	2,195	23.9	25.2	22.5
In a one-parent family	1,600	810	790	8.3	8.4	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,570	1,900	1,670	18.5	19.8	17.2
Living alone	1,760	870	885	9.1	9.0	9.1
Living with other relatives⁷	490	225	260	2.5	2.3	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,325	800	525	6.8	8.3	5.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,455	...	...	60.8	...	...
Couple-family households	3,715	...	...	50.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,200	...	...	30.0	...	...
Without children	1,520	...	...	20.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	735	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	365	...	...	5.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	485	...	...	6.6	...	...
One-person households	1,760	...	...	24.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,355	7,595	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,260	7,550	7,705	99.4	99.4	99.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,500	76,500	67,000	71,500	76,500	67,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,260	7,550	7,710	99.4	99.4	99.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000	65,500	58,800	62,000	65,500	58,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,960	6,970	6,990	90.9	91.8	90.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	79,000	68,000	73,000	79,000	68,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,090	6,595	6,500	85.2	86.8	83.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	78,500	69,000	73,000	78,500	69,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,215	7,525	7,685	99.1	99.1	99.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,510	1,220	2,100	1,510	1,220	2,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175	540	635	7.7	7.1	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,600	6,500	6,280	5,600	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,430	1,675	1,755	22.3	22.1	22.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,375	7,610	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,270	7,550	7,720	99.3	99.2	99.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,200	84,600	73,800	79,200	84,600	73,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,270	7,550	7,720	99.3	99.2	99.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600	69,200	62,050	65,600	69,200	62,050
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,945	6,910	7,035	90.7	90.8	90.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,400	86,300	72,700	79,400	86,300	72,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,100	6,555	6,545	85.2	86.1	84.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	77,900	83,600	72,300	77,900	83,600	72,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,225	7,530	7,705	99.0	98.9	99.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	5,670	7,610	6,650	5,670	7,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,170	480	685	7.6	6.3	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	5,940	8,360	7,360	5,940	8,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,560	1,790	1,770	23.2	23.5	22.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,650	8,800	8,720	8,650	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,370	7,610	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,855	4,075	3,785	51.1	53.5	48.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	99,000	102,000	94,000	99,000	102,000	94,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,900	105,400	98,200	101,900	105,400	98,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,835	1,830	2,010	25.0	24.0	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,800	27,200	29,000	34,800	27,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,200	47,680	39,120	43,200	47,680	39,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.6	93.4	89.8	91.6	93.4	89.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	84.4	85.8	83.0	84.4	85.8	83.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.4	6.7	10.3	8.4	6.7	10.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8	2.6	3.2	2.8	2.6	3.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,360	7,595	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	100	45	55	0.7	0.6	0.7
With total income	15,255	7,550	7,705	99.3	99.4	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,395	675	725	9.1	8.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	840	380	455	5.5	5.0	5.9
$20,000 to $29,999	1,170	565	610	7.7	7.5	7.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,085	460	625	7.1	6.1	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,055	490	565	6.9	6.5	7.3
$50,000 to $59,999	990	440	550	6.5	5.8	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	910	435	475	6.0	5.8	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005	485	520	6.6	6.4	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	910	400	510	6.0	5.3	6.6
$90,000 to $99,999	925	465	460	6.1	6.2	6.0
$100,000 and over	4,975	2,760	2,220	32.6	36.6	28.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,570	1,860	1,710	23.4	24.6	22.2
$150,000 and over	1,410	900	510	9.2	11.9	6.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,360	7,595	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	100	45	50	0.7	0.6	0.6
With after-tax income	15,260	7,550	7,705	99.3	99.4	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,430	685	745	9.4	9.1	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	870	405	465	5.7	5.4	6.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270	605	670	8.3	8.0	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,300	570	735	8.5	7.5	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,225	570	655	8.0	7.5	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,290	630	655	8.5	8.3	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,245	575	665	8.2	7.6	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	560	640	7.9	7.4	8.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,180	565	615	7.7	7.5	8.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	615	535	7.6	8.1	6.9
$100,000 and over	3,095	1,775	1,320	20.3	23.5	17.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,905	1,015	895	12.5	13.4	11.6
$125,000 and over	1,195	765	425	7.8	10.1	5.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,360	7,595	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,260	1,005	1,260	14.7	13.2	16.2
With employment income	13,095	6,590	6,500	85.3	86.8	83.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	940	445	495	7.2	6.8	7.6
$5,000 to $9,999	650	305	345	5.0	4.6	5.3
$10,000 to $19,999	890	400	495	6.8	6.1	7.6
$20,000 to $29,999	815	350	460	6.2	5.3	7.1
$30,000 to $39,999	750	405	345	5.7	6.1	5.3
$40,000 to $49,999	700	345	360	5.3	5.2	5.5
$50,000 to $59,999	780	390	395	6.0	5.9	6.1
$60,000 to $69,999	775	370	405	5.9	5.6	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	770	335	440	5.9	5.1	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	850	380	475	6.5	5.8	7.3
$90,000 to $99,999	815	420	395	6.2	6.4	6.1
$100,000 and over	4,355	2,455	1,895	33.3	37.3	29.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,025	1,055	975	15.5	16.0	15.0
$125,000 and over	2,325	1,400	920	17.8	21.2	14.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,355	7,595	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,660	7,255	7,405	95.5	95.5	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	76,500	64,000	70,000	76,500	64,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,660	7,255	7,405	95.5	95.5	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,800	65,000	56,400	60,800	65,000	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,830	6,905	6,925	90.1	90.9	89.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	77,500	63,600	70,000	77,500	63,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,055	6,560	6,495	85.0	86.4	83.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	77,000	64,500	70,500	77,000	64,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,300	6,495	6,795	86.6	85.5	87.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000	1,000	1,150	1,000	1,000	1,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,080	465	620	7.0	6.1	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,240	8,000	7,100	6,240	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,375	7,610	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,675	7,245	7,430	95.4	95.2	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	77,900	84,900	71,100	77,900	84,900	71,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,675	7,245	7,430	95.4	95.2	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,400	69,100	59,900	64,400	69,100	59,900
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,820	6,850	6,970	89.9	90.0	89.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,200	86,200	70,300	78,200	86,200	70,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,065	6,530	6,535	85.0	85.8	84.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,900	82,600	69,200	75,900	82,600	69,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,335	6,470	6,865	86.7	85.0	88.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,764	3,832	5,635	4,764	3,832	5,635
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,060	440	620	6.9	5.8	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	7,880	10,240	9,280	7,880	10,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,370	7,610	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,785	4,000	3,785	50.7	52.6	48.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000	100,000	89,000	94,000	100,000	89,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000	101,600	90,100	96,000	101,600	90,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,705	1,800	1,905	24.1	23.7	24.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	40,400	28,600	34,800	40,400	28,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	49,560	55,100	44,360	49,560	55,100	44,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	96.0	92.6	94.4	96.0	92.6
Employment income (%)	86.8	87.8	85.6	86.8	87.8	85.6
Government transfers (%)	5.6	4.0	7.3	5.6	4.0	7.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	164,800	...	...	164,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	187,600	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,600	...	...	155,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	0.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	95	...	...	1.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	110	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	95	...	...	1.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	245	...	...	3.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	240	...	...	3.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	280	...	...	3.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	295	...	...	4.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	300	...	...	4.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,270	...	...	71.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	895	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	805	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,305	...	...	17.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,260	...	...	30.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	70	...	...	1.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	110	...	...	1.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	310	...	...	4.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	345	...	...	4.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	340	...	...	4.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	420	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	440	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,685	...	...	63.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,030	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	865	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,790	...	...	38.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...	208,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,085	1,670	1,410	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,000	70,500	76,000	73,000	70,500	76,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800	60,800	64,500	62,800	60,800	64,500
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,200	...	...	185,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	182,200	...	...	182,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	215,400	...	...	215,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,600	...	...	177,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,075	1,635	1,445	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	81,000	81,100	80,900	81,000	81,100	80,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,300	67,100	67,500	67,300	67,100	67,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,350	9,615	9,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,680	2,375	2,300	24.2	24.7	23.6
0 to 5 years	1,635	825	810	8.4	8.6	8.3
18 to 64 years	13,240	6,510	6,730	68.4	67.7	69.2
65 years and over	1,425	730	695	7.4	7.6	7.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	830	405	425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	300	160	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	60	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	460	210	245	...	...	...
65 years and over	75	35	40	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.4	6.6	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.4	7.0	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.6
65 years and over (%)	5.2	4.8	5.6	5.2	4.8	5.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,350	9,615	9,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	4,340	2,155	2,185	22.4	22.4	22.5
In bottom decile	850	445	405	4.4	4.6	4.2
In second decile	885	405	480	4.6	4.2	4.9
In third decile	825	395	430	4.3	4.1	4.4
In fourth decile	845	430	420	4.4	4.5	4.3
In fifth decile	935	485	455	4.8	5.0	4.7
In top half of the distribution	15,005	7,460	7,545	77.5	77.6	77.5
In sixth decile	1,190	580	610	6.1	6.0	6.3
In seventh decile	1,565	775	790	8.1	8.1	8.1
In eighth decile	2,045	1,000	1,050	10.6	10.4	10.8
In ninth decile	3,555	1,780	1,775	18.4	18.5	18.2
In top decile	6,645	3,330	3,320	34.3	34.6	34.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,345	...	...	19,345	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.344	...	...	0.344	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,420	9,665	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,005	8,115	7,890	82.4	84.0	80.9
French only	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	3,225	1,465	1,765	16.6	15.2	18.1
Neither English nor French	105	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,420	9,665	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,375	9,140	9,235	94.6	94.6	94.7
French	840	430	410	4.3	4.4	4.2
English and French	105	55	55	0.5	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	95	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,420	9,665	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,645	9,300	9,340	96.0	96.2	95.7
Official languages	15,655	7,935	7,725	80.6	82.1	79.2
English	14,835	7,505	7,330	76.4	77.7	75.1
French	820	430	395	4.2	4.4	4.0
Non-official languages	2,990	1,370	1,615	15.4	14.2	16.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	430	130	300	2.2	1.3	3.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	315	100	215	1.6	1.0	2.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	315	100	215	1.6	1.0	2.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavey-Hare languages	85	20	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	50	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	155	50	105	0.8	0.5	1.1
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	95	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	30	5	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuinnaqtun	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuvialuktun	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktitut	70	15	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,560	1,245	1,320	13.2	12.9	13.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	150	95	1.2	1.6	1.0
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	115	70	0.9	1.2	0.7
Amharic	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arabic	115	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	65	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	60	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	820	340	480	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645	280	365	3.3	2.9	3.7
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	800	425	375	4.1	4.4	3.8
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	85	75	0.8	0.9	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	205	155	1.9	2.1	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	345	195	145	1.8	2.0	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	85	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	85	35	55	0.4	0.4	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	100	105	1.1	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	205	100	105	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	775	360	415	4.0	3.7	4.3
English and French	195	95	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	505	230	275	2.6	2.4	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,420	9,665	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,410	7,770	7,640	79.4	80.4	78.3
French	360	180	180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Non-official language	665	325	335	3.4	3.4	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	625	315	305	3.2	3.3	3.1
English and French	650	315	335	3.3	3.3	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,145	980	1,160	11.0	10.1	11.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,420	9,665	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,775	9,365	9,405	96.7	96.9	96.4
Official languages	17,325	8,660	8,670	89.2	89.6	88.9
English	16,840	8,420	8,415	86.7	87.1	86.3
French	490	235	250	2.5	2.4	2.6
Non-official languages	1,450	710	740	7.5	7.3	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,380	690	690	7.1	7.1	7.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	105	65	0.9	1.1	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	75	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	470	215	255	2.4	2.2	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	390	180	210	2.0	1.9	2.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	360	190	175	1.9	2.0	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	245	140	105	1.3	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	225	135	95	1.2	1.4	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	85	40	0.6	0.9	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	645	295	350	3.3	3.1	3.6
English and French	145	70	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	475	220	255	2.4	2.3	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,420	9,665	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,975	8,530	8,440	87.4	88.3	86.5
English	715	340	375	3.7	3.5	3.8
French	405	200	205	2.1	2.1	2.1
Non-official language	1,035	445	590	5.3	4.6	6.0
Indigenous³⁹	195	65	130	1.0	0.7	1.3
Non-Indigenous	840	380	460	4.3	3.9	4.7
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,405	9,640	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	19,295	9,610	9,685	99.4	99.7	99.2
English	19,145	9,540	9,600	98.7	99.0	98.4
French	3,380	1,570	1,810	17.4	16.3	18.5
Non-official languages	4,390	2,015	2,375	22.6	20.9	24.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	610	195	415	3.1	2.0	4.3
Algonquian languages	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	430	140	290	2.2	1.5	3.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	430	140	290	2.2	1.5	3.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	105	30	80	0.5	0.3	0.8
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavey, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	250	85	170	1.3	0.9	1.7
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	140	40	95	0.7	0.4	1.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Inuinnaqtun	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	110	40	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,780	1,820	1,965	19.5	18.9	20.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	280	180	2.3	2.9	1.8
Berber languages	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	55	15	0.3	0.6	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	55	15	0.3	0.6	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	375	210	160	1.9	2.2	1.6
Amharic	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arabic	245	155	85	1.3	1.6	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	95	125	1.2	1.0	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	220	95	125	1.1	1.0	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,040	445	595	5.4	4.6	6.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015	430	580	5.2	4.5	5.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	50	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,420	690	725	7.3	7.2	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	185	85	100	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	85	100	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	340	170	175	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
German	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	55	90	0.7	0.6	0.9
Afrikaans	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Dutch	70	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	450	235	215	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	425	220	205	2.2	2.3	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	125	55	75	0.6	0.6	0.8
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	175	85	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	95	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	230	255	2.5	2.4	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	410	200	215	2.1	2.1	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	90	1.0	1.0	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	120	110	1.2	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	230	120	110	1.2	1.2	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	75	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,715	2,165	2,555	24.3	22.4	26.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,545	2,070	2,475	23.4	21.5	25.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,825	1,205	1,625	14.6	12.5	16.6
Métis	1,035	540	495	5.3	5.6	5.1
Inuk (Inuit)	680	325	355	3.5	3.4	3.6
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	14,690	7,485	7,210	75.7	77.6	73.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,790	1,205	1,585	14.4	12.5	16.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,620	8,435	8,180	85.6	87.5	83.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,135	...	...	56.4	...	...
Renter	3,205	...	...	43.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,335	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not condominium	6,000	...	...	81.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,025	...	...	14.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,655	...	...	22.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,180	...	...	43.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,390	...	...	19.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,490	...	...	33.9	...	...
5 rooms	1,635	...	...	22.3	...	...
6 rooms	1,130	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	795	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,295	...	...	17.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,035	...	...	95.9	...	...
More than one person per room	300	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,720	...	...	91.6	...	...
Not suitable	615	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	265	...	...	3.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,030	...	...	27.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,815	...	...	24.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,415	...	...	19.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	590	...	...	8.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	315	...	...	4.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	530	...	...	7.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	370	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,545	...	...	89.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	790	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,235	...	...	44.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,550	...	...	48.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	550	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	275	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,490	...	...	20.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,730	...	...	23.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,505	...	...	20.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,415	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	715	...	...	9.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	200	...	...	2.7	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,170	...	...	84.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,165	...	...	15.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,050	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,300	...	...	31.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	950	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	475	...	...	6.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	615	...	...	8.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,040	...	...	68.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	750	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	6,470	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.6	...	...	73.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,360	...	...	2,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,362	...	...	2,362	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	491,200	...	...	491,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,205	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.7	...	...	21.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.4	...	...	18.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,808	...	...	1,808	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,405	9,645	9,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,860	1,265	1,595	14.7	13.1	16.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,700	1,190	1,510	13.9	12.3	15.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,105	900	1,205	10.8	9.3	12.3
Métis single ancestry	250	155	95	1.3	1.6	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	340	135	210	1.8	1.4	2.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	75	85	0.9	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,970	935	1,035	10.2	9.7	10.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,800	830	970	9.3	8.6	9.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,185	540	650	6.1	5.6	6.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410	195	210	2.1	2.0	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	95	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	105	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,570	7,445	7,130	75.1	77.2	73.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,920	8,890	9,035	92.3	92.2	92.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,545	2,270	2,280	23.4	23.5	23.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,375	6,620	6,755	68.9	68.6	69.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,485	750	730	7.7	7.8	7.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,900	7,900	8,005	81.9	81.9	82.0
Immigrants⁸¹	3,160	1,580	1,580	16.3	16.4	16.2
Before 1980	400	215	185	2.1	2.2	1.9
1980 to 1990	240	125	120	1.2	1.3	1.2
1991 to 2000	490	235	260	2.5	2.4	2.7
2001 to 2010	790	365	425	4.1	3.8	4.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,235	640	600	6.4	6.6	6.1
2011 to 2015	640	345	295	3.3	3.6	3.0
2016 to 2021	595	295	305	3.1	3.1	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345	165	175	1.8	1.7	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,160	1,575	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	265	165	95	8.4	10.5	6.0
5 to 14 years	490	315	175	15.5	20.0	11.1
15 to 24 years	725	345	385	22.9	21.9	24.4
25 to 44 years	1,390	645	745	44.0	41.0	47.2
45 years and over	285	105	180	9.0	6.7	11.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,160	1,575	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	240	100	140	7.6	6.3	8.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	0.9
Mexico	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	50	65	3.5	3.2	4.1
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	1.4	1.6	1.3
Europe	535	300	235	16.9	19.0	14.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Germany	95	50	45	3.0	3.2	2.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.8	1.0	0.6
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.9	1.0	0.9
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	10	0.8	1.0	0.6
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190	105	80	6.0	6.7	5.1
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	40	2.8	3.2	2.5
Africa	630	360	270	19.9	22.9	17.1
Algeria	30	20	10	0.9	1.3	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	50	30	20	1.6	1.9	1.3
Ethiopia	40	20	15	1.3	1.3	0.9
Morocco	30	15	20	0.9	1.0	1.3
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Somalia	65	55	10	2.1	3.5	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	70	45	25	2.2	2.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	315	170	145	10.0	10.8	9.2
Asia	1,725	805	920	54.6	51.1	58.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	30	0	1.1	1.9	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	25	10	1.3	1.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	25	1.1	0.0	1.6
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	935	420	520	29.6	26.7	32.9
Viet Nam	145	50	95	4.6	3.2	6.0
Bangladesh	65	30	35	2.1	1.9	2.2
India	180	115	70	5.7	7.3	4.4
Pakistan	50	25	20	1.6	1.6	1.3
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	50	75	4.0	3.2	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	15	25	1.3	1.0	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	595	295	305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	0	2.5	3.4	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
Europe	75	45	30	12.6	15.3	9.8
France	25	10	15	4.2	3.4	4.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	5.9	8.5	3.3
Africa	145	60	90	24.4	20.3	29.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	0	20	3.4	0.0	6.6
Ethiopia	20	0	15	3.4	0.0	4.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	20	15	0	3.4	5.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	30	10	25	5.0	3.4	8.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	20	5.9	6.8	6.6
Asia	360	180	175	60.5	61.0	57.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	2.5	0.0	3.3
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	2.5	3.4	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	40	20	10.9	13.6	6.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Philippines	200	85	120	33.6	28.8	39.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,405	9,640	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,665	1,835	1,830	18.9	19.0	18.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,760	1,335	1,430	14.2	13.8	14.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,985	6,475	6,510	66.9	67.2	66.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,760	1,365	1,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,410	730	680	51.1	53.5	48.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	660	345	315	23.9	25.3	22.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	750	380	370	27.2	27.8	26.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	920	350	565	33.3	25.6	40.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410	270	140	14.9	19.8	10.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,760	1,365	1,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	65	40	4.0	4.8	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	555	190	370	20.1	13.9	26.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	65	30	3.4	4.8	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	105	75	6.5	7.7	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,820	930	895	65.9	68.1	63.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,885	1,885	1,995	20.0	19.5	20.4
South Asian	575	290	285	3.0	3.0	2.9
Chinese	255	145	110	1.3	1.5	1.1
Black	875	460	415	4.5	4.8	4.3
Filipino	1,340	620	720	6.9	6.4	7.4
Arab	190	110	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
Latin American	90	30	65	0.5	0.3	0.7
Southeast Asian	245	95	150	1.3	1.0	1.5
West Asian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Korean	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	125	55	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,525	7,755	7,765	80.0	80.4	79.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,310	1,145	1,170	11.9	11.9	12.0
English	3,860	1,980	1,880	19.9	20.5	19.3
Irish	3,250	1,660	1,590	16.7	17.2	16.3
Scottish	3,425	1,635	1,790	17.7	17.0	18.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,995	1,075	915	10.3	11.1	9.4
German	1,740	895	840	9.0	9.3	8.6
Chinese	280	150	130	1.4	1.6	1.3
Italian	325	165	160	1.7	1.7	1.6
Indian (India)	315	155	160	1.6	1.6	1.6
Ukrainian	595	325	270	3.1	3.4	2.8
Dutch	620	345	275	3.2	3.6	2.8
Polish	395	170	220	2.0	1.8	2.3
Québécois	90	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	655	340	315	3.4	3.5	3.2
Filipino	1,240	570	675	6.4	5.9	6.9
French Canadian	230	90	140	1.2	0.9	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	605	290	310	3.1	3.0	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	700	325	380	3.6	3.4	3.9
Métis	845	440	400	4.4	4.6	4.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	175	200	2.0	1.8	2.0
Russian	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	420	235	185	2.2	2.4	1.9
Welsh	325	165	155	1.7	1.7	1.6
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	175	105	75	0.9	1.1	0.8
Spanish	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	225	105	120	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hungarian	160	105	55	0.8	1.1	0.6
Acadian	155	85	75	0.8	0.9	0.8
Pakistani	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	285	140	145	1.5	1.5	1.5
Jewish	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	210	90	120	1.1	0.9	1.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Greek	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	385	180	210	2.0	1.9	2.2
Korean	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.4
Romanian	105	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iranian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	200	95	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	140	205	1.8	1.5	2.1
Sikh	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	85	60	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Finnish	65	50	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japanese	110	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	75	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	85	80	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	65	45	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Czech	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ojibway	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	160	100	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
Hong Konger	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	90	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Persian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	555	265	290	2.9	2.7	3.0
Bangladeshi	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algerian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slovak	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South African	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	50	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
British Columbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	755	310	445	3.9	3.2	4.6
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,405	9,645	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	210	90	115	1.1	0.9	1.2
Christian	9,485	4,350	5,140	48.9	45.1	52.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,330	650	680	6.9	6.7	7.0
Anabaptist	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Anglican	885	370	515	4.6	3.8	5.3
Baptist	265	140	130	1.4	1.5	1.3
Catholic	5,190	2,390	2,800	26.7	24.8	28.7
Christian Orthodox	130	35	100	0.7	0.4	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latter Day Saints	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lutheran	120	65	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	280	95	180	1.4	1.0	1.8
Presbyterian	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	575	255	320	3.0	2.6	3.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425	225	200	2.2	2.3	2.0
Hindu	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	590	365	230	3.0	3.8	2.4
Sikh	105	55	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	70	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	8,610	4,575	4,035	44.4	47.4	41.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,120	9,520	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,840	7,900	7,940	82.8	83.0	82.7
Movers	3,280	1,620	1,660	17.2	17.0	17.3
Non-migrants	1,960	945	1,025	10.3	9.9	10.7
Migrants	1,315	675	640	6.9	7.1	6.7
Internal migrants	1,225	640	585	6.4	6.7	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	200	90	115	1.0	0.9	1.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,025	555	470	5.4	5.8	4.9
External migrants	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,070	8,995	9,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,120	4,620	4,495	50.5	51.4	49.5
Movers	8,950	4,375	4,575	49.5	48.6	50.4
Non-migrants	4,655	2,215	2,440	25.8	24.6	26.9
Migrants	4,300	2,155	2,145	23.8	24.0	23.6
Internal migrants	3,635	1,845	1,790	20.1	20.5	19.7
Intraprovincial migrants	775	365	415	4.3	4.1	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,860	1,485	1,375	15.8	16.5	15.2
External migrants	665	310	355	3.7	3.4	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,375	7,610	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,500	1,345	1,155	16.3	17.7	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,875	6,265	6,610	83.7	82.3	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,560	5,665	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,325	720	605	11.5	12.7	10.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,235	4,950	5,290	88.5	87.4	89.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,375	7,610	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,185	1,145	1,040	14.2	15.0	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,140	2,170	1,975	26.9	28.5	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,050	4,295	4,755	58.9	56.4	61.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,115	2,245	1,875	26.8	29.5	24.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,015	795	225	6.6	10.4	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	415	255	160	2.7	3.4	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	605	540	65	3.9	7.1	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,580	1,225	1,355	16.8	16.1	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520	220	295	3.4	2.9	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,930	2,055	2,880	32.1	27.0	37.1
Bachelor's degree	3,240	1,380	1,855	21.1	18.1	23.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310	120	190	2.0	1.6	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	25	55	0.6	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,230	495	735	8.0	6.5	9.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	30	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,555	5,670	5,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,070	570	500	9.3	10.1	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,775	1,505	1,265	24.0	26.5	21.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,720	3,590	4,125	66.8	63.3	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,450	1,880	1,565	29.9	33.2	26.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	825	640	190	7.1	11.3	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325	195	135	2.8	3.4	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	500	450	50	4.3	7.9	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,190	1,045	1,140	19.0	18.4	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435	195	240	3.8	3.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,265	1,705	2,560	36.9	30.1	43.5
Bachelor's degree	2,745	1,120	1,630	23.8	19.8	27.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	100	175	2.4	1.8	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	1,115	435	680	9.6	7.7	11.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,375	7,610	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,325	3,310	3,010	41.1	43.5	38.8
Education	715	165	555	4.7	2.2	7.1
13. Education	715	165	555	4.7	2.2	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	275	105	170	1.8	1.4	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	255	100	155	1.7	1.3	2.0
Humanities	335	160	175	2.2	2.1	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	30	65	0.7	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	45	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,290	525	765	8.4	6.9	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	75	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	15	130	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	180	85	90	1.2	1.1	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.5
42. Psychology	200	55	145	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	540	295	250	3.5	3.9	3.2
Business, management and public administration	1,750	560	1,190	11.4	7.4	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	35	170	1.3	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,545	530	1,020	10.0	7.0	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	450	185	265	2.9	2.4	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	80	140	1.4	1.1	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	80	75	1.0	1.1	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	210	120	2.1	2.8	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	175	90	1.7	2.3	1.2
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,705	1,445	255	11.1	19.0	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	120	60	60	0.8	0.8	0.8
14. Engineering	440	340	100	2.9	4.5	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	350	295	55	2.3	3.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	285	280	15	1.9	3.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	390	365	20	2.5	4.8	0.3
48. Precision production	110	110	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	200	140	2.2	2.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	50	35	0.5	0.7	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	160	100	1.7	2.1	1.3
Health and related fields	1,200	260	940	7.8	3.4	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	85	60	1.0	1.1	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,025	160	860	6.7	2.1	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	650	470	180	4.2	6.2	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	130	125	1.6	1.7	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	110	40	1.0	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	215	20	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,560	5,665	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,845	2,080	1,765	33.3	36.7	29.9
Education	600	135	460	5.2	2.4	7.8
13. Education	600	135	460	5.2	2.4	7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	235	85	145	2.0	1.5	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	210	75	135	1.8	1.3	2.3
Humanities	265	130	135	2.3	2.3	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	25	45	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	45	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,080	430	655	9.3	7.6	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	55	70	1.0	1.0	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130	15	115	1.1	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	165	70	95	1.4	1.2	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.6
42. Psychology	155	40	120	1.3	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	450	240	210	3.9	4.2	3.6
Business, management and public administration	1,520	460	1,060	13.1	8.1	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	35	150	1.6	0.6	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,335	425	910	11.5	7.5	15.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	380	155	230	3.3	2.7	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	65	125	1.6	1.1	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	130	70	60	1.1	1.2	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	180	105	2.5	3.2	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	150	75	1.9	2.6	1.3
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,440	1,210	230	12.5	21.4	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	80	30	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
14. Engineering	390	295	100	3.4	5.2	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	325	275	50	2.8	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	235	220	15	2.0	3.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	340	315	25	2.9	5.6	0.4
48. Precision production	80	80	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	315	175	135	2.7	3.1	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	130	100	2.1	2.3	1.7
Health and related fields	1,050	230	820	9.1	4.1	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	65	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	890	150	740	7.7	2.6	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	550	400	140	4.8	7.1	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	195	100	100	1.7	1.8	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	35	1.2	1.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	180	10	1.7	3.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,560	5,665	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,845	2,080	1,765	33.3	36.7	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,720	3,590	4,130	66.8	63.4	70.1
Location of study inside Canada	6,435	3,020	3,420	55.7	53.3	58.0
Same as province or territory of residence	905	355	550	7.8	6.3	9.3
Different than province or territory of residence	5,530	2,660	2,870	47.8	47.0	48.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,285	570	710	11.1	10.1	12.0
Americas	135	70	70	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	105	50	50	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	280	125	150	2.4	2.2	2.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Germany	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	55	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	180	100	85	1.6	1.8	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	55	55	0.9	1.0	0.9
Asia	640	255	385	5.5	4.5	6.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Philippines	400	135	265	3.5	2.4	4.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,375	7,610	7,765	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,125	6,225	5,890	...	...	...
Employed	11,415	5,820	5,595	...	...	...
Unemployed	700	405	300	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,250	1,380	1,870	...	...	...
Participation rate	78.9	81.8	75.9	78.9	81.8	75.9
Employment rate	74.2	76.5	72.1	74.2	76.5	72.1
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.5	5.1	5.8	6.5	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,375	7,610	7,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,310	1,455	1,855	21.5	19.1	23.9
Worked	12,070	6,160	5,910	78.5	80.9	76.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,980	4,160	3,820	51.9	54.7	49.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,090	1,990	2,095	26.6	26.1	27.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	43.8	43.9	43.8	43.8	43.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,120	6,230	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70	1.2	1.0	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,980	6,160	5,815	98.8	98.9	98.6
Employee	11,080	5,660	5,420	91.4	90.9	91.9
Permanent position	9,105	4,725	4,375	75.1	75.8	74.2
Temporary position	1,975	935	1,040	16.3	15.0	17.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	790	335	450	6.5	5.4	7.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,185	600	585	9.8	9.6	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	905	500	400	7.5	8.0	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,120	6,230	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70	1.2	1.0	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,980	6,160	5,815	98.8	98.9	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230	125	110	1.9	2.0	1.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,365	685	1,685	19.5	11.0	28.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,045	720	325	8.6	11.6	5.5
3 Health occupations	745	195	555	6.1	3.1	9.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,610	1,120	1,490	21.5	18.0	25.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	315	120	190	2.6	1.9	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	2,405	1,175	1,235	19.8	18.9	20.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,890	1,720	170	15.6	27.6	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245	210	35	2.0	3.4	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	130	105	30	1.1	1.7	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,120	6,230	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70	1.2	1.0	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	11,980	6,160	5,815	98.8	98.9	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	35	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	595	445	140	4.9	7.1	2.4
22 Utilities	70	65	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	535	470	60	4.4	7.5	1.0
31-33 Manufacturing	130	75	50	1.1	1.2	0.8
41 Wholesale trade	165	135	30	1.4	2.2	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,045	580	470	8.6	9.3	8.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	865	655	210	7.1	10.5	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	260	150	110	2.1	2.4	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	210	70	140	1.7	1.1	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	95	50	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	665	395	270	5.5	6.3	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455	305	155	3.8	4.9	2.6
61 Educational services	775	200	580	6.4	3.2	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	1,245	265	980	10.3	4.3	16.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	185	95	95	1.5	1.5	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	710	390	325	5.9	6.3	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	340	175	160	2.8	2.8	2.7
91 Public administration	3,600	1,620	1,980	29.7	26.0	33.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,995	6,610	6,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,295	6,295	6,005	94.6	95.2	94.0
French	85	45	35	0.7	0.7	0.5
Non-official language	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	425	190	235	3.3	2.9	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	135	60	80	1.0	0.9	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,995	6,610	6,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,900	6,565	6,335	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	12,840	6,540	6,305	98.8	98.9	98.7
English	12,685	6,475	6,215	97.6	98.0	97.3
French	150	65	90	1.2	1.0	1.4
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	50	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	75	35	35	0.6	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,995	6,610	6,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,515	6,400	6,115	96.3	96.8	95.8
English	90	30	60	0.7	0.5	0.9
French	285	140	145	2.2	2.1	2.3
Non-official language	95	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,415	5,825	5,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,470	645	820	12.9	11.1	14.7
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,200	875	325	10.5	15.0	5.8
Usual place of work	8,740	4,295	4,445	76.6	73.7	79.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,740	4,295	4,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,190	3,940	4,245	93.7	91.7	95.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	220	165	55	2.5	3.8	1.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Commute to a different province or territory	275	160	110	3.1	3.7	2.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,940	5,165	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,275	3,795	3,480	73.2	73.5	72.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,175	3,420	2,755	62.1	66.2	57.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,100	375	725	11.1	7.3	15.2
Public transit	125	65	60	1.3	1.3	1.3
Walked	1,785	815	965	18.0	15.8	20.2
Bicycle	185	120	65	1.9	2.3	1.4
Other method	570	370	205	5.7	7.2	4.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,940	5,165	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,190	3,690	3,495	72.3	71.4	73.2
15 to 29 minutes	2,085	1,080	1,010	21.0	20.9	21.2
30 to 44 minutes	265	125	145	2.7	2.4	3.0
45 to 59 minutes	160	110	50	1.6	2.1	1.0
60 minutes and over	235	160	75	2.4	3.1	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,940	5,165	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	300	210	90	3.0	4.1	1.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	975	670	310	9.8	13.0	6.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,100	1,645	1,450	31.2	31.8	30.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,735	1,665	2,075	37.6	32.2	43.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	875	370	505	8.8	7.2	10.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	955	610	345	9.6	11.8	7.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,765	2,420	2,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	380	400	16.3	15.7	17.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,985	2,040	1,945	83.6	84.3	82.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,345	1,705	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	540	270	265	16.1	15.8	16.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	195	185	11.4	11.4	11.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	80	85	4.8	4.7	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,810	1,435	1,375	84.0	84.2	83.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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