Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Yellowknife, City (CY)More information: Northwest Territories [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,340^E	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,569	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9^E	...	...	3.9^E	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,975	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,519	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	196.8	...	...	196.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	103.37	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,340	10,160	10,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,120	2,080	2,040	20.3	20.5	20.0
0 to 4 years	1,360	695	670	6.7	6.8	6.6
5 to 9 years	1,420	715	700	7.0	7.0	6.9
10 to 14 years	1,340	670	670	6.6	6.6	6.6
15 to 64 years	14,630	7,290	7,335	71.9	71.8	72.0
15 to 19 years	1,195	585	610	5.9	5.8	6.0
20 to 24 years	1,310	705	610	6.4	6.9	6.0
25 to 29 years	1,630	840	795	8.0	8.3	7.8
30 to 34 years	1,855	890	960	9.1	8.8	9.4
35 to 39 years	1,745	845	905	8.6	8.3	8.9
40 to 44 years	1,670	790	880	8.2	7.8	8.6
45 to 49 years	1,410	705	705	6.9	6.9	6.9
50 to 54 years	1,325	665	655	6.5	6.5	6.4
55 to 59 years	1,385	685	700	6.8	6.7	6.9
60 to 64 years	1,115	590	525	5.5	5.8	5.2
65 years and over	1,590	785	805	7.8	7.7	7.9
65 to 69 years	725	370	355	3.6	3.6	3.5
70 to 74 years	425	235	195	2.1	2.3	1.9
75 to 79 years	235	110	130	1.2	1.1	1.3
80 to 84 years	95	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
85 years and over	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
85 to 89 years	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
90 to 94 years	70	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.5	20.0	20.3	20.5	20.0
15 to 64 years	71.9	71.8	72.0	71.9	71.8	72.0
65 years and over	7.8	7.7	7.9	7.8	7.7	7.9
85 years and over	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.7
Average age of the population	35.5	35.4	35.7	35.5	35.4	35.7
Median age of the population	35.2	34.8	35.6	35.2	34.8	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,335	...	...	44.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	195	...	...	2.6	...	...
Row house	890	...	...	11.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,940	...	...	25.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...	4.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	545	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,785	...	...	23.7	...	...
2 persons	2,305	...	...	30.7	...	...
3 persons	1,360	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	1,310	...	...	17.4	...	...
5 or more persons	755	...	...	10.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,905	9,885	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,220	8,075	8,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,170	4,575	4,595	56.5	56.7	56.4
Married	6,550	3,290	3,260	40.4	40.7	40.0
Living common-law	2,620	1,285	1,335	16.2	15.9	16.4
Living common law - Never married	2,130	1,035	1,095	13.1	12.8	13.5
Living common law - Separated	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	390	200	190	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	7,045	3,500	3,545	43.4	43.3	43.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,460	2,915	2,550	33.7	36.1	31.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	370	160	210	2.3	2.0	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	805	330	475	5.0	4.1	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	410	95	315	2.5	1.2	3.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,480	...	...	45.6	...	...
3 persons	1,230	...	...	22.6	...	...
4 persons	1,215	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...	9.6	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,430	...	...	81.6	...	...
Married couples	3,120	...	...	57.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,955	...	...	36.0	...	...
Without children	1,165	...	...	21.5	...	...
Common-law couples	1,310	...	...	24.1	...	...
With children⁶	590	...	...	10.9	...	...
Without children	720	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,005	...	...	18.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	760	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	245	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,905	9,885	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	16,260	7,945	8,310	81.7	80.4	82.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,855	4,385	4,475	44.5	44.4	44.7
Parents in one-parent families	1,005	245	760	5.0	2.5	7.6
Children⁶	6,395	3,315	3,085	32.1	33.5	30.8
In a two-parent family	4,780	2,495	2,280	24.0	25.2	22.8
In a one-parent family	1,620	820	800	8.1	8.3	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,650	1,945	1,705	18.3	19.7	17.0
Living alone	1,785	890	895	9.0	9.0	8.9
Living with other relatives⁷	510	235	270	2.6	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,360	820	540	6.8	8.3	5.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,590	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	3,845	...	...	51.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,270	...	...	30.2	...	...
Without children	1,575	...	...	20.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	740	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	210	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	380	...	...	5.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	500	...	...	6.6	...	...
One-person households	1,785	...	...	23.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,690	7,770	7,925	99.4	99.5	99.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000	76,500	67,000	72,000	76,500	67,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,690	7,770	7,925	99.4	99.5	99.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000	65,500	59,200	62,000	65,500	59,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,365	7,170	7,195	91.0	91.8	90.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	79,000	68,000	73,000	79,000	68,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,480	6,785	6,695	85.4	86.9	83.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,500	79,000	69,000	73,500	79,000	69,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,645	7,745	7,905	99.1	99.2	99.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,500	1,220	2,080	1,500	1,220	2,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,210	560	655	7.7	7.2	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,600	6,500	6,280	5,600	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,505	1,710	1,795	22.2	21.9	22.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,795	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,680	7,750	7,930	99.3	99.2	99.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,300	84,900	73,900	79,300	84,900	73,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,680	7,750	7,930	99.3	99.2	99.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,700	69,300	62,100	65,700	69,300	62,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,335	7,095	7,235	90.8	90.8	90.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,600	86,600	72,700	79,600	86,600	72,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,480	6,735	6,740	85.3	86.2	84.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	78,000	83,900	72,200	78,000	83,900	72,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,640	7,730	7,910	99.0	99.0	99.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,640	7,560	6,610	5,640	7,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,200	505	700	7.6	6.5	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,960	8,400	7,380	5,960	8,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,650	1,820	1,830	23.1	23.3	22.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,660	8,770	8,710	8,660	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,080	4,190	3,890	51.2	53.6	48.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	99,000	103,000	94,000	99,000	103,000	94,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,700	105,200	98,000	101,700	105,200	98,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,970	1,885	2,085	25.1	24.1	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	35,600	27,400	29,400	35,600	27,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,600	48,560	39,120	43,600	48,560	39,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.6	93.4	89.8	91.6	93.4	89.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	84.6	85.8	83.0	84.6	85.8	83.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.3	6.6	10.2	8.3	6.6	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8	2.5	3.2	2.8	2.5	3.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	100	45	60	0.6	0.6	0.8
With total income	15,690	7,765	7,925	99.4	99.4	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,435	685	750	9.1	8.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	855	390	460	5.4	5.0	5.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,195	565	625	7.6	7.3	7.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	470	635	7.1	6.1	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,085	505	575	6.9	6.5	7.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020	460	560	6.5	5.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	940	450	485	6.0	5.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	510	535	6.6	6.6	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	940	410	530	6.0	5.3	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	945	475	475	6.0	6.1	6.0
$100,000 and over	5,135	2,850	2,285	32.7	36.7	28.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,680	1,920	1,760	23.5	24.7	22.2
$150,000 and over	1,455	930	525	9.3	12.0	6.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	100	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
With after-tax income	15,695	7,765	7,925	99.4	99.4	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,470	705	770	9.4	9.1	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	885	410	475	5.6	5.3	6.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,295	610	690	8.3	7.9	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,330	580	750	8.5	7.5	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,270	595	675	8.1	7.7	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,320	655	670	8.4	8.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	600	690	8.2	7.7	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	570	660	7.8	7.3	8.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215	580	630	7.7	7.5	7.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	640	550	7.6	8.2	6.9
$100,000 and over	3,200	1,835	1,370	20.4	23.6	17.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,980	1,050	935	12.6	13.5	11.8
$125,000 and over	1,225	785	440	7.8	10.1	5.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,310	1,025	1,285	14.6	13.1	16.1
With employment income	13,480	6,785	6,695	85.4	86.9	83.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	960	455	505	7.1	6.7	7.5
$5,000 to $9,999	665	310	355	4.9	4.6	5.3
$10,000 to $19,999	910	410	505	6.8	6.0	7.5
$20,000 to $29,999	840	360	480	6.2	5.3	7.2
$30,000 to $39,999	770	410	360	5.7	6.0	5.4
$40,000 to $49,999	725	360	370	5.4	5.3	5.5
$50,000 to $59,999	805	405	400	6.0	6.0	6.0
$60,000 to $69,999	800	385	415	5.9	5.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	795	345	450	5.9	5.1	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	880	390	490	6.5	5.7	7.3
$90,000 to $99,999	830	425	400	6.2	6.3	6.0
$100,000 and over	4,500	2,540	1,960	33.4	37.4	29.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,085	1,085	1,000	15.5	16.0	14.9
$125,000 and over	2,415	1,455	960	17.9	21.4	14.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,075	7,460	7,615	95.5	95.5	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	77,000	64,500	70,500	77,000	64,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,075	7,460	7,615	95.5	95.5	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	65,500	56,400	61,200	65,500	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,230	7,105	7,125	90.1	91.0	89.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	78,000	63,600	70,500	78,000	63,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,440	6,755	6,685	85.1	86.5	83.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	77,500	64,500	70,500	77,500	64,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,670	6,680	6,985	86.6	85.5	87.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000	1,000	1,150	1,000	1,000	1,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,115	475	645	7.1	6.1	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,320	8,200	7,150	6,320	8,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,795	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,080	7,440	7,640	95.5	95.3	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,100	85,200	71,200	78,100	85,200	71,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,080	7,440	7,640	95.5	95.3	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,600	69,400	60,000	64,600	69,400	60,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,220	7,045	7,180	90.0	90.2	90.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,200	86,300	70,300	78,200	86,300	70,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,450	6,715	6,740	85.2	86.0	84.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,000	82,800	69,100	76,000	82,800	69,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,690	6,625	7,060	86.7	84.8	88.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,736	3,848	5,570	4,736	3,848	5,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,085	460	625	6.9	5.9	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240	7,840	10,280	9,240	7,840	10,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,000	4,115	3,885	50.7	52.7	48.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000	100,000	89,000	94,000	100,000	89,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000	101,600	90,100	96,000	101,600	90,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,840	1,855	1,985	24.3	23.8	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	40,800	28,000	34,800	40,800	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	49,720	55,550	44,280	49,720	55,550	44,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	96.0	92.8	94.4	96.0	92.8
Employment income (%)	86.8	87.8	85.6	86.8	87.8	85.6
Government transfers (%)	5.5	4.0	7.2	5.5	4.0	7.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	165,400	...	...	165,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	188,200	...	...	188,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	0.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...	1.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	110	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	95	...	...	1.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	250	...	...	3.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	240	...	...	3.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	285	...	...	3.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	300	...	...	4.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	305	...	...	4.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,430	...	...	72.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	905	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	830	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,360	...	...	18.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,340	...	...	31.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	115	...	...	1.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	125	...	...	1.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	315	...	...	4.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	355	...	...	4.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...	4.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	445	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,845	...	...	64.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	890	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,900	...	...	38.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...	208,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,140	1,705	1,435	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,000	70,500	76,000	73,000	70,500	76,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800	60,800	65,000	62,800	60,800	65,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,800	...	...	185,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,600	...	...	153,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	183,800	...	...	183,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	215,600	...	...	215,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,800	...	...	177,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,145	1,680	1,460	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,900	80,700	81,100	80,900	80,700	81,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,300	66,900	67,700	67,300	66,900	67,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,830	2,445	2,385	24.3	24.7	23.8
0 to 5 years	1,685	850	835	8.5	8.6	8.3
18 to 64 years	13,630	6,705	6,930	68.5	67.8	69.2
65 years and over	1,450	745	705	7.3	7.5	7.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	845	410	435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	300	160	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	60	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	465	215	250	...	...	...
65 years and over	80	40	40	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.2	6.3	6.4	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	7.2	6.6	6.9	7.2	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
65 years and over (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	4,395	2,175	2,220	22.1	22.0	22.2
In bottom decile	870	455	415	4.4	4.6	4.1
In second decile	885	405	480	4.4	4.1	4.8
In third decile	835	395	435	4.2	4.0	4.3
In fourth decile	865	435	425	4.3	4.4	4.2
In fifth decile	940	485	460	4.7	4.9	4.6
In top half of the distribution	15,515	7,710	7,805	77.9	78.0	77.9
In sixth decile	1,230	595	630	6.2	6.0	6.3
In seventh decile	1,625	810	810	8.2	8.2	8.1
In eighth decile	2,125	1,030	1,095	10.7	10.4	10.9
In ninth decile	3,700	1,855	1,845	18.6	18.8	18.4
In top decile	6,840	3,420	3,415	34.4	34.6	34.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,905	...	...	19,905	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.342	...	...	0.342	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,015	9,950	10,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,485	8,365	8,115	82.4	84.1	80.7
French only	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	3,340	1,500	1,840	16.7	15.1	18.3
Neither English nor French	100	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,015	9,950	10,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,930	9,410	9,520	94.6	94.6	94.7
French	875	445	430	4.4	4.5	4.3
English and French	115	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Neither English nor French	95	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,015	9,950	10,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,205	9,575	9,625	96.0	96.2	95.7
Official languages	16,130	8,165	7,970	80.6	82.1	79.3
English	15,280	7,725	7,555	76.3	77.6	75.1
French	855	440	415	4.3	4.4	4.1
Non-official languages	3,070	1,410	1,660	15.3	14.2	16.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	445	140	305	2.2	1.4	3.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	330	105	220	1.6	1.1	2.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	330	105	220	1.6	1.1	2.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	100	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	50	15	40	0.2	0.2	0.4
Slavey, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	160	50	110	0.8	0.5	1.1
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	100	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	30	5	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuvialuktun	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktitut	70	15	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,625	1,275	1,350	13.1	12.8	13.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	150	95	1.2	1.5	0.9
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	115	70	0.9	1.2	0.7
Amharic	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arabic	115	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	85	0.8	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	65	85	0.7	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	835	350	490	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	60	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650	280	370	3.2	2.8	3.7
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	825	435	390	4.1	4.4	3.9
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	80	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	40	0.3	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	210	165	1.8	2.1	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	355	205	155	1.8	2.1	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	85	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	85	35	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	110	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese languages	220	110	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	45	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	810	380	430	4.0	3.8	4.3
English and French	210	105	110	1.0	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	525	240	285	2.6	2.4	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,015	9,950	10,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,880	8,010	7,875	79.3	80.5	78.3
French	370	185	190	1.8	1.9	1.9
Non-official language	670	330	335	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	630	320	310	3.1	3.2	3.1
English and French	685	325	365	3.4	3.3	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,205	1,010	1,195	11.0	10.2	11.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,015	9,950	10,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,345	9,645	9,700	96.7	96.9	96.5
Official languages	17,860	8,920	8,940	89.2	89.6	88.9
English	17,360	8,675	8,685	86.7	87.2	86.4
French	505	245	255	2.5	2.5	2.5
Non-official languages	1,490	730	760	7.4	7.3	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,415	700	710	7.1	7.0	7.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	105	65	0.8	1.1	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	75	55	0.6	0.8	0.5
Amharic	10	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Arabic	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	490	225	265	2.4	2.3	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	185	220	2.0	1.9	2.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	200	175	1.8	2.0	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	250	140	110	1.2	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	235	135	95	1.2	1.4	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	85	40	0.6	0.9	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	665	305	355	3.3	3.1	3.5
English and French	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	485	225	260	2.4	2.3	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,015	9,955	10,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,480	8,790	8,690	87.3	88.3	86.4
English	740	350	390	3.7	3.5	3.9
French	425	205	225	2.1	2.1	2.2
Non-official language	1,060	460	605	5.3	4.6	6.0
Indigenous³⁹	195	65	130	1.0	0.7	1.3
Non-Indigenous	860	390	470	4.3	3.9	4.7
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,905	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	19,800	9,860	9,945	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	19,650	9,790	9,860	98.7	99.0	98.4
French	3,480	1,595	1,885	17.5	16.1	18.8
Non-official languages	4,500	2,060	2,440	22.6	20.8	24.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	630	205	430	3.2	2.1	4.3
Algonquian languages	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	445	145	300	2.2	1.5	3.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	445	145	300	2.2	1.5	3.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	105	30	80	0.5	0.3	0.8
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavey, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	265	90	175	1.3	0.9	1.7
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	140	40	95	0.7	0.4	0.9
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	110	40	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,875	1,860	2,015	19.5	18.8	20.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	280	180	2.3	2.8	1.8
Berber languages	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	55	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	55	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	375	210	160	1.9	2.1	1.6
Amharic	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Arabic	245	155	85	1.2	1.6	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	135	1.2	1.1	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	230	105	130	1.2	1.1	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,070	460	610	5.4	4.7	6.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035	445	590	5.2	4.5	5.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	50	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,470	710	760	7.4	7.2	7.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	185	85	100	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	85	100	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	340	170	175	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
German	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	55	90	0.7	0.6	0.9
Afrikaans	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dutch	70	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	490	250	240	2.5	2.5	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	465	240	225	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	60	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	180	95	85	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	75	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	230	260	2.5	2.3	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	200	215	2.1	2.0	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	90	1.0	1.0	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	120	110	1.2	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	230	120	110	1.2	1.2	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,810	2,210	2,605	24.2	22.3	26.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,640	2,115	2,525	23.3	21.4	25.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,905	1,240	1,660	14.6	12.5	16.6
Métis	1,050	545	505	5.3	5.5	5.0
Inuk (Inuit)	690	335	355	3.5	3.4	3.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	15,095	7,680	7,420	75.8	77.7	74.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,860	1,245	1,615	14.4	12.6	16.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,045	8,640	8,410	85.6	87.4	83.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,275	...	...	56.8	...	...
Renter	3,240	...	...	43.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,335	...	...	17.8	...	...
Not condominium	6,180	...	...	82.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,035	...	...	13.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,680	...	...	22.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,280	...	...	43.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,435	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,540	...	...	33.8	...	...
5 rooms	1,690	...	...	22.5	...	...
6 rooms	1,170	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	805	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,310	...	...	17.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,200	...	...	95.7	...	...
More than one person per room	315	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,885	...	...	91.6	...	...
Not suitable	635	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	270	...	...	3.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,045	...	...	27.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,835	...	...	24.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,415	...	...	18.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	595	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	315	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	585	...	...	7.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	455	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,725	...	...	89.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	795	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,310	...	...	44.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,650	...	...	48.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	555	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	275	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,505	...	...	20.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,790	...	...	23.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,540	...	...	20.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,480	...	...	19.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	720	...	...	9.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	200	...	...	2.7	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,335	...	...	84.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,185	...	...	15.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,065	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,340	...	...	31.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	970	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	495	...	...	6.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	620	...	...	8.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,175	...	...	68.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	765	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	6,630	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.4	...	...	73.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,360	...	...	2,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,358	...	...	2,358	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	494,000	...	...	494,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.5	...	...	21.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,804	...	...	1,804	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,930	1,295	1,635	14.7	13.1	16.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,765	1,220	1,550	13.9	12.3	15.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,160	920	1,240	10.8	9.3	12.4
Métis single ancestry	250	155	95	1.3	1.6	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	355	140	215	1.8	1.4	2.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	75	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,030	950	1,075	10.2	9.6	10.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,855	845	1,010	9.3	8.5	10.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,220	550	670	6.1	5.6	6.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430	205	230	2.2	2.1	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	95	110	1.0	1.0	1.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	105	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,950	7,645	7,305	75.1	77.3	72.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,390	9,120	9,270	92.4	92.2	92.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,640	2,310	2,330	23.3	23.4	23.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,750	6,810	6,945	69.1	68.9	69.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,515	770	745	7.6	7.8	7.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,300	8,100	8,205	81.9	81.9	81.9
Immigrants⁸¹	3,265	1,625	1,640	16.4	16.4	16.4
Before 1980	400	215	185	2.0	2.2	1.8
1980 to 1990	260	140	120	1.3	1.4	1.2
1991 to 2000	505	235	270	2.5	2.4	2.7
2001 to 2010	820	375	445	4.1	3.8	4.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,280	660	620	6.4	6.7	6.2
2011 to 2015	650	350	300	3.3	3.5	3.0
2016 to 2021	630	310	315	3.2	3.1	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345	165	175	1.7	1.7	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,260	1,620	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	280	180	95	8.6	11.1	5.8
5 to 14 years	510	320	185	15.6	19.8	11.3
15 to 24 years	755	350	405	23.2	21.6	24.7
25 to 44 years	1,420	650	770	43.6	40.1	47.0
45 years and over	295	115	185	9.0	7.1	11.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,260	1,620	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	240	100	140	7.4	6.2	8.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.9
Mexico	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	50	65	3.4	3.1	4.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	1.4	1.5	1.2
Europe	545	300	240	16.7	18.5	14.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	15	0.9	0.6	0.9
Germany	95	50	45	2.9	3.1	2.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	15	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200	110	85	6.1	6.8	5.2
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	40	2.8	3.1	2.4
Africa	635	365	270	19.5	22.5	16.5
Algeria	30	20	10	0.9	1.2	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	50	30	20	1.5	1.9	1.2
Ethiopia	40	20	15	1.2	1.2	0.9
Morocco	30	15	20	0.9	0.9	1.2
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Somalia	65	55	10	2.0	3.4	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	75	50	25	2.3	3.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	315	170	145	9.7	10.5	8.8
Asia	1,800	840	960	55.2	51.9	58.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	30	0	1.1	1.9	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20	1.4	1.5	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	25	1.1	0.0	1.5
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	965	430	535	29.6	26.5	32.6
Viet Nam	160	55	105	4.9	3.4	6.4
Bangladesh	65	30	35	2.0	1.9	2.1
India	200	120	75	6.1	7.4	4.6
Pakistan	60	30	30	1.8	1.9	1.8
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	50	75	3.8	3.1	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	15	30	1.2	0.9	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	625	310	315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	0	2.4	3.2	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
Europe	75	45	30	12.0	14.5	9.5
France	25	10	15	4.0	3.2	4.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	5.6	8.1	3.2
Africa	145	60	90	23.2	19.4	28.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	0	20	3.2	0.0	6.3
Ethiopia	20	0	15	3.2	0.0	4.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	20	15	0	3.2	4.8	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	30	10	25	4.8	3.2	7.9
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	20	5.6	6.5	6.3
Asia	385	195	190	61.6	62.9	60.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	2.4	0.0	3.2
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	2.4	3.2	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	40	20	10.4	12.9	6.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Philippines	230	100	130	36.8	32.3	41.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,905	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,770	1,885	1,885	18.9	19.1	18.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,835	1,375	1,460	14.2	13.9	14.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,305	6,630	6,675	66.8	67.0	66.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,865	1,410	1,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,485	765	720	51.8	54.3	49.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	675	360	320	23.6	25.5	22.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	810	405	405	28.3	28.7	27.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	935	360	580	32.6	25.5	39.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	420	275	145	14.7	19.5	10.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,865	1,410	1,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	65	40	3.8	4.6	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565	190	380	19.7	13.5	26.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	65	30	3.3	4.6	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	105	75	6.3	7.4	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,915	975	935	66.8	69.1	64.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,990	1,940	2,050	20.0	19.6	20.5
South Asian	615	310	305	3.1	3.1	3.0
Chinese	255	145	115	1.3	1.5	1.1
Black	875	460	415	4.4	4.7	4.1
Filipino	1,375	640	730	6.9	6.5	7.3
Arab	190	110	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
Latin American	90	30	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
Southeast Asian	270	110	165	1.4	1.1	1.6
West Asian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	125	55	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,920	7,945	7,970	80.0	80.3	79.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,380	1,190	1,190	12.0	12.0	11.9
English	3,970	2,015	1,960	19.9	20.4	19.6
Irish	3,345	1,695	1,645	16.8	17.1	16.4
Scottish	3,495	1,660	1,840	17.6	16.8	18.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,050	1,115	930	10.3	11.3	9.3
German	1,775	915	860	8.9	9.3	8.6
Chinese	280	150	130	1.4	1.5	1.3
Italian	330	165	170	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indian (India)	330	165	165	1.7	1.7	1.6
Ukrainian	620	345	275	3.1	3.5	2.7
Dutch	630	345	280	3.2	3.5	2.8
Polish	400	175	220	2.0	1.8	2.2
Québécois	90	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	680	350	330	3.4	3.5	3.3
Filipino	1,275	585	690	6.4	5.9	6.9
French Canadian	240	90	150	1.2	0.9	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	625	310	315	3.1	3.1	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	710	325	385	3.6	3.3	3.8
Métis	865	445	420	4.3	4.5	4.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	175	205	1.9	1.8	2.0
Russian	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	430	235	190	2.2	2.4	1.9
Welsh	330	165	165	1.7	1.7	1.6
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
American	175	105	75	0.9	1.1	0.7
Spanish	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	230	110	120	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hungarian	165	105	55	0.8	1.1	0.5
Acadian	190	95	95	1.0	1.0	0.9
Pakistani	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	285	140	145	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jewish	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	230	100	135	1.2	1.0	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Greek	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	400	185	215	2.0	1.9	2.1
Korean	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	105	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iranian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.3
Danish	200	95	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	140	205	1.7	1.4	2.0
Sikh	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	100	70	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Finnish	70	50	15	0.4	0.5	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japanese	110	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	75	90	0.8	0.8	0.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	85	80	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	65	45	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Czech	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ojibway	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	165	100	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
Hong Konger	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	90	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
Persian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	565	270	295	2.8	2.7	2.9
Bangladeshi	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algerian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Slovak	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.2
Somali	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South African	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nova Scotian	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ethiopian	50	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	755	310	445	3.8	3.1	4.4
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.3
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,910	9,890	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	225	95	125	1.1	1.0	1.2
Christian	9,705	4,450	5,255	48.7	45.0	52.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,355	655	695	6.8	6.6	6.9
Anabaptist	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	900	370	525	4.5	3.7	5.2
Baptist	265	140	130	1.3	1.4	1.3
Catholic	5,335	2,465	2,875	26.8	24.9	28.7
Christian Orthodox	130	35	100	0.7	0.4	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latter Day Saints	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Lutheran	120	65	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	105	190	1.5	1.1	1.9
Presbyterian	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	590	260	330	3.0	2.6	3.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425	225	205	2.1	2.3	2.0
Hindu	130	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	610	370	240	3.1	3.7	2.4
Sikh	105	55	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	70	90	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	8,840	4,700	4,140	44.4	47.5	41.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,620	9,760	9,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,270	8,125	8,145	82.9	83.2	82.6
Movers	3,355	1,640	1,710	17.1	16.8	17.4
Non-migrants	2,030	965	1,065	10.3	9.9	10.8
Migrants	1,320	675	645	6.7	6.9	6.5
Internal migrants	1,225	640	585	6.2	6.6	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	200	90	115	1.0	0.9	1.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,025	555	470	5.2	5.7	4.8
External migrants	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,545	9,220	9,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,385	4,765	4,625	50.6	51.7	49.6
Movers	9,160	4,460	4,695	49.4	48.4	50.3
Non-migrants	4,805	2,285	2,520	25.9	24.8	27.0
Migrants	4,355	2,175	2,180	23.5	23.6	23.4
Internal migrants	3,685	1,860	1,820	19.9	20.2	19.5
Intraprovincial migrants	795	370	425	4.3	4.0	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,890	1,490	1,395	15.6	16.2	15.0
External migrants	670	315	360	3.6	3.4	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,790	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,560	1,375	1,180	16.2	17.6	14.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,230	6,430	6,795	83.8	82.3	85.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,920	5,850	6,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,360	745	615	11.4	12.7	10.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,560	5,105	5,450	88.6	87.3	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,795	7,810	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,240	1,170	1,070	14.2	15.0	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,265	2,250	2,010	27.0	28.8	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,290	4,390	4,900	58.8	56.2	61.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,205	2,290	1,910	26.6	29.3	23.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,040	815	225	6.6	10.4	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	420	260	160	2.7	3.3	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	620	560	65	3.9	7.2	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,635	1,245	1,385	16.7	15.9	17.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	230	305	3.4	2.9	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,085	2,100	2,985	32.2	26.9	37.4
Bachelor's degree	3,355	1,410	1,945	21.2	18.1	24.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310	120	190	2.0	1.5	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,265	510	750	8.0	6.5	9.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,920	5,850	6,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,100	585	510	9.2	10.0	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,885	1,585	1,300	24.2	27.1	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,935	3,680	4,260	66.6	62.9	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530	1,925	1,605	29.6	32.9	26.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	850	660	190	7.1	11.3	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	330	200	135	2.8	3.4	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	520	465	50	4.4	7.9	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,240	1,070	1,165	18.8	18.3	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	440	195	250	3.7	3.3	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,405	1,750	2,655	37.0	29.9	43.7
Bachelor's degree	2,850	1,150	1,700	23.9	19.7	28.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	100	175	2.3	1.7	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	50	0.6	0.3	0.8
Master's degree	1,145	445	700	9.6	7.6	11.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,790	7,815	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,500	3,425	3,080	41.2	43.8	38.6
Education	740	165	575	4.7	2.1	7.2
13. Education	740	165	575	4.7	2.1	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285	115	175	1.8	1.5	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	255	100	160	1.6	1.3	2.0
Humanities	345	170	180	2.2	2.2	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	30	70	0.7	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,310	525	785	8.3	6.7	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	75	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	15	135	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	180	85	90	1.1	1.1	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.5
42. Psychology	210	55	155	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	540	295	250	3.4	3.8	3.1
Business, management and public administration	1,815	575	1,235	11.5	7.4	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	35	170	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,605	540	1,065	10.2	6.9	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	475	200	280	3.0	2.6	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	80	150	1.5	1.0	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	165	90	75	1.0	1.2	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	210	120	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	175	90	1.6	2.2	1.1
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,740	1,485	255	11.0	19.0	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	120	60	60	0.8	0.8	0.8
14. Engineering	450	355	100	2.8	4.5	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	355	300	55	2.2	3.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	300	285	15	1.9	3.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	380	20	2.5	4.9	0.3
48. Precision production	110	110	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	210	140	2.2	2.7	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	165	100	1.7	2.1	1.3
Health and related fields	1,235	260	975	7.8	3.3	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	85	65	1.0	1.1	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,050	160	890	6.6	2.0	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	655	475	185	4.1	6.1	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255	130	130	1.6	1.7	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	110	40	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	220	20	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,920	5,850	6,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,985	2,170	1,810	33.4	37.1	29.8
Education	615	135	480	5.2	2.3	7.9
13. Education	615	135	480	5.2	2.3	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	90	155	2.1	1.5	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	215	75	140	1.8	1.3	2.3
Humanities	280	140	140	2.3	2.4	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,105	430	675	9.3	7.4	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	55	70	1.0	0.9	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	15	120	1.1	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	165	70	95	1.4	1.2	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.6
42. Psychology	170	40	135	1.4	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	450	240	210	3.8	4.1	3.5
Business, management and public administration	1,575	470	1,100	13.2	8.0	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	35	150	1.6	0.6	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,385	440	950	11.6	7.5	15.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	405	165	240	3.4	2.8	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	65	130	1.6	1.1	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	140	80	60	1.2	1.4	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	180	105	2.4	3.1	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	150	75	1.9	2.6	1.2
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,480	1,255	230	12.4	21.5	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	80	30	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
14. Engineering	400	305	100	3.4	5.2	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	330	280	50	2.8	4.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	240	225	15	2.0	3.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350	325	25	2.9	5.6	0.4
48. Precision production	80	80	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	180	135	2.7	3.1	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	145	100	2.1	2.5	1.6
Health and related fields	1,075	230	845	9.0	3.9	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	65	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	915	150	765	7.7	2.6	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	555	405	150	4.7	6.9	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	200	100	100	1.7	1.7	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	35	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	185	10	1.7	3.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,920	5,850	6,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,985	2,170	1,810	33.4	37.1	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,940	3,680	4,260	66.6	62.9	70.2
Location of study inside Canada	6,615	3,090	3,525	55.5	52.8	58.1
Same as province or territory of residence	930	365	565	7.8	6.2	9.3
Different than province or territory of residence	5,685	2,725	2,960	47.7	46.6	48.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,325	585	735	11.1	10.0	12.1
Americas	140	75	70	1.2	1.3	1.2
United States of America	105	55	50	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	285	125	160	2.4	2.1	2.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	60	1.0	1.1	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	180	100	85	1.5	1.7	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	55	55	0.9	0.9	0.9
Asia	665	260	405	5.6	4.4	6.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Philippines	410	135	265	3.4	2.3	4.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	50	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,795	7,810	7,980	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,475	6,405	6,070	...	...	...
Employed	11,755	5,990	5,765	...	...	...
Unemployed	720	410	305	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,320	1,410	1,905	...	...	...
Participation rate	79.0	82.0	76.1	79.0	82.0	76.1
Employment rate	74.4	76.7	72.2	74.4	76.7	72.2
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.8	6.4	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,790	7,815	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,365	1,475	1,885	21.3	18.9	23.6
Worked	12,425	6,330	6,095	78.7	81.0	76.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,205	4,285	3,920	52.0	54.8	49.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,225	2,045	2,175	26.8	26.2	27.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	43.8	43.9	43.8	43.8	43.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,475	6,400	6,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,335	6,335	5,995	98.9	99.0	98.7
Employee	11,370	5,805	5,570	91.1	90.7	91.7
Permanent position	9,350	4,845	4,505	74.9	75.7	74.2
Temporary position	2,025	960	1,065	16.2	15.0	17.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	810	345	465	6.5	5.4	7.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,215	610	605	9.7	9.5	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	965	535	430	7.7	8.4	7.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,475	6,400	6,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,335	6,335	5,995	98.9	99.0	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	235	125	110	1.9	2.0	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,435	705	1,725	19.5	11.0	28.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,070	745	325	8.6	11.6	5.3
3 Health occupations	770	195	575	6.2	3.0	9.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,695	1,145	1,550	21.6	17.9	25.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	320	120	195	2.6	1.9	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	2,485	1,205	1,275	19.9	18.8	21.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,940	1,765	170	15.6	27.6	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	265	225	35	2.1	3.5	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	130	105	30	1.0	1.6	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,475	6,400	6,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	12,335	6,335	5,995	98.9	99.0	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	35	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	610	465	140	4.9	7.3	2.3
22 Utilities	70	65	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	565	505	60	4.5	7.9	1.0
31-33 Manufacturing	130	75	50	1.0	1.2	0.8
41 Wholesale trade	190	160	35	1.5	2.5	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,075	595	480	8.6	9.3	7.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	870	660	210	7.0	10.3	3.5
51 Information and cultural industries	270	160	110	2.2	2.5	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	215	75	145	1.7	1.2	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	55	55	0.9	0.9	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	695	405	295	5.6	6.3	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455	305	155	3.6	4.8	2.6
61 Educational services	805	200	600	6.5	3.1	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	1,290	265	1,030	10.3	4.1	17.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	185	95	95	1.5	1.5	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	715	390	325	5.7	6.1	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	355	185	170	2.8	2.9	2.8
91 Public administration	3,675	1,650	2,025	29.5	25.8	33.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,370	6,790	6,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,640	6,475	6,175	94.5	95.4	93.8
French	85	45	45	0.6	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	445	200	250	3.3	2.9	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	140	60	85	1.0	0.9	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,370	6,790	6,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,255	6,735	6,520	99.1	99.2	99.1
Official languages	13,200	6,710	6,485	98.7	98.8	98.6
English	13,040	6,645	6,395	97.5	97.9	97.2
French	160	65	95	1.2	1.0	1.4
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	50	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	90	45	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,370	6,790	6,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,875	6,580	6,295	96.3	96.9	95.7
English	90	30	60	0.7	0.4	0.9
French	295	140	155	2.2	2.1	2.4
Non-official language	100	40	60	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	50	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,760	5,990	5,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,540	680	865	13.1	11.4	15.0
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,225	900	325	10.4	15.0	5.6
Usual place of work	8,980	4,405	4,580	76.4	73.5	79.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,980	4,400	4,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,430	4,050	4,380	93.9	92.0	95.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	225	170	55	2.5	3.9	1.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Commute to a different province or territory	275	160	110	3.1	3.6	2.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,210	5,300	4,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,495	3,900	3,605	73.4	73.6	73.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,340	3,520	2,825	62.1	66.4	57.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,160	380	775	11.4	7.2	15.8
Public transit	135	70	60	1.3	1.3	1.2
Walked	1,800	825	975	17.6	15.6	19.9
Bicycle	200	130	70	2.0	2.5	1.4
Other method	585	375	205	5.7	7.1	4.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,210	5,300	4,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,360	3,775	3,585	72.1	71.2	73.1
15 to 29 minutes	2,180	1,125	1,050	21.4	21.2	21.4
30 to 44 minutes	265	125	145	2.6	2.4	3.0
45 to 59 minutes	160	110	50	1.6	2.1	1.0
60 minutes and over	245	170	75	2.4	3.2	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,210	5,300	4,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	315	225	90	3.1	4.2	1.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	990	680	310	9.7	12.8	6.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,195	1,690	1,505	31.3	31.9	30.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,820	1,710	2,110	37.4	32.3	43.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	925	390	530	9.1	7.4	10.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	965	610	355	9.5	11.5	7.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,915	2,490	2,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810	395	415	16.5	15.9	17.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,105	2,095	2,010	83.5	84.1	82.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,455	1,750	1,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	275	285	16.4	15.7	16.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	195	195	11.4	11.1	11.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	80	90	4.8	4.6	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,895	1,475	1,420	83.8	84.3	83.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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