Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	WhitehorseMore information: Yukon [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	31,913	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	28,225	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.1	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,121	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,186	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,465.21	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	31,910	15,825	16,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,510	2,865	2,645	17.3	18.1	16.4
0 to 4 years	1,755	880	875	5.5	5.6	5.4
5 to 9 years	1,940	1,025	905	6.1	6.5	5.6
10 to 14 years	1,815	960	860	5.7	6.1	5.3
15 to 64 years	21,900	10,660	11,230	68.6	67.4	69.8
15 to 19 years	1,670	895	775	5.2	5.7	4.8
20 to 24 years	1,790	905	890	5.6	5.7	5.5
25 to 29 years	2,250	1,100	1,150	7.1	7.0	7.1
30 to 34 years	2,795	1,365	1,425	8.8	8.6	8.9
35 to 39 years	2,840	1,370	1,475	8.9	8.7	9.2
40 to 44 years	2,285	1,095	1,190	7.2	6.9	7.4
45 to 49 years	2,140	980	1,155	6.7	6.2	7.2
50 to 54 years	1,885	925	960	5.9	5.8	6.0
55 to 59 years	2,085	980	1,100	6.5	6.2	6.8
60 to 64 years	2,150	1,050	1,105	6.7	6.6	6.9
65 years and over	4,505	2,295	2,210	14.1	14.5	13.7
65 to 69 years	1,745	890	860	5.5	5.6	5.3
70 to 74 years	1,310	675	635	4.1	4.3	3.9
75 to 79 years	750	395	355	2.4	2.5	2.2
80 to 84 years	385	195	190	1.2	1.2	1.2
85 years and over	310	140	175	1.0	0.9	1.1
85 to 89 years	210	90	120	0.7	0.6	0.7
90 to 94 years	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
95 to 99 years	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.3	18.1	16.4	17.3	18.1	16.4
15 to 64 years	68.6	67.4	69.8	68.6	67.4	69.8
65 years and over	14.1	14.5	13.7	14.1	14.5	13.7
85 years and over	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.1
Average age of the population	39.2	38.9	39.6	39.2	38.9	39.6
Median age of the population	38.4	38.0	38.8	38.4	38.0	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,110	...	...	53.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,060	...	...	8.0	...	...
Row house	1,155	...	...	8.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	650	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,830	...	...	13.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,230	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,940	...	...	29.9	...	...
2 persons	4,485	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 persons	2,015	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	1,775	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	965	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	26,405	12,955	13,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	14,755	7,345	7,415	55.9	56.7	55.1
Married	10,270	5,125	5,145	38.9	39.6	38.3
Living common-law	4,485	2,220	2,270	17.0	17.1	16.9
Living common law - Never married	3,565	1,755	1,815	13.5	13.5	13.5
Living common law - Separated	115	65	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	745	380	365	2.8	2.9	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	65	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	11,645	5,610	6,035	44.1	43.3	44.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,210	4,260	3,955	31.1	32.9	29.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	585	255	330	2.2	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,910	855	1,060	7.2	6.6	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	935	245	695	3.5	1.9	5.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,695	...	...	53.8	...	...
3 persons	1,795	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	1,600	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	630	...	...	7.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,195	...	...	82.5	...	...
Married couples	4,950	...	...	56.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,620	...	...	30.0	...	...
Without children	2,330	...	...	26.7	...	...
Common-law couples	2,245	...	...	25.7	...	...
With children⁶	815	...	...	9.3	...	...
Without children	1,425	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,530	...	...	17.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,115	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	415	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	24,500	12,130	12,370	78.0	78.1	77.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,385	7,150	7,240	45.8	46.0	45.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,530	420	1,115	4.9	2.7	7.0
Children⁶	8,580	4,560	4,015	27.3	29.3	25.3
In a two-parent family	6,230	3,305	2,920	19.8	21.3	18.4
In a one-parent family	2,355	1,260	1,100	7.5	8.1	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,920	3,410	3,510	22.0	21.9	22.1
Living alone	3,940	1,845	2,095	12.5	11.9	13.2
Living with other relatives⁷	795	355	440	2.5	2.3	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,185	1,210	975	7.0	7.8	6.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,475	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	6,300	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,035	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	3,265	...	...	24.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,175	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	285	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	595	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	780	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	3,940	...	...	29.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	25,920	12,675	13,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,145	12,235	12,910	97.0	96.5	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	60,400	56,800	58,400	60,400	56,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,160	12,245	12,915	97.1	96.6	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000	53,200	50,800	52,000	53,200	50,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,580	11,440	12,140	91.0	90.3	91.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,600	58,800	52,400	55,600	58,800	52,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,830	10,185	10,640	80.4	80.4	80.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	58,800	54,000	56,000	58,800	54,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,175	9,905	11,265	81.7	78.1	85.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,040	5,560	4,920	4,040	5,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,065	1,015	1,055	8.0	8.0	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,600	6,000	5,880	5,600	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,435	2,625	2,810	21.0	20.7	21.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	25,920	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,150	12,245	12,900	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,100	71,400	63,050	67,100	71,400	63,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,160	12,255	12,900	97.1	96.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,000	59,550	54,550	57,000	59,550	54,550
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,555	11,450	12,105	90.9	90.3	91.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,900	69,200	58,850	63,900	69,200	58,850
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,830	10,180	10,645	80.4	80.3	80.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,750	65,100	56,600	60,750	65,100	56,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,290	9,875	11,415	82.1	77.9	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,250	8,880	8,590	8,250	8,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,135	1,015	1,115	8.2	8.0	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,400	7,840	7,150	6,400	7,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,280	2,490	2,785	20.4	19.6	21.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,010	7,980	8,030	8,010	7,980	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	25,925	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,055	5,530	5,530	42.6	43.6	41.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	84,000	76,000	80,000	84,000	76,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,700	89,400	78,100	83,700	89,400	78,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,660	3,590	4,070	29.5	28.3	30.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	30,200	26,000	28,400	30,200	26,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,560	39,160	36,160	37,560	39,160	36,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.2	90.6	87.6	89.2	90.6	87.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.0	76.0	74.0	75.0	76.0	74.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.8	9.3	12.5	10.8	9.3	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	2.5	3.3	2.9	2.5	3.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.5	2.3	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	25,925	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	775	440	335	3.0	3.5	2.5
With total income	25,150	12,230	12,915	97.0	96.5	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,480	735	750	5.9	6.0	5.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,790	875	910	7.1	7.2	7.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,710	1,240	1,470	10.8	10.1	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,525	1,140	1,385	10.0	9.3	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,320	1,110	1,215	9.2	9.1	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,070	970	1,095	8.2	7.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	945	1,105	8.1	7.7	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,095	920	1,175	8.3	7.5	9.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,845	840	1,005	7.3	6.9	7.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,685	835	850	6.7	6.8	6.6
$100,000 and over	4,585	2,630	1,955	18.2	21.5	15.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,430	1,880	1,555	13.6	15.4	12.0
$150,000 and over	1,150	750	400	4.6	6.1	3.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	25,925	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	760	430	335	2.9	3.4	2.5
With after-tax income	25,160	12,245	12,910	97.0	96.6	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,560	780	785	6.2	6.4	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,860	900	965	7.4	7.3	7.5
$20,000 to $29,999	3,035	1,390	1,645	12.1	11.4	12.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,940	1,380	1,565	11.7	11.3	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	2,670	1,275	1,395	10.6	10.4	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,540	1,215	1,325	10.1	9.9	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,675	1,155	1,520	10.6	9.4	11.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,400	1,120	1,285	9.5	9.1	10.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,840	940	895	7.3	7.7	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,205	625	580	4.8	5.1	4.5
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,475	960	9.7	12.0	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,460	860	605	5.8	7.0	4.7
$125,000 and over	965	615	350	3.8	5.0	2.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	25,925	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,095	2,490	2,605	19.7	19.6	19.7
With employment income	20,830	10,190	10,645	80.3	80.4	80.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,040	965	1,075	9.8	9.5	10.1
$5,000 to $9,999	1,095	450	645	5.3	4.4	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,750	810	940	8.4	7.9	8.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,475	675	800	7.1	6.6	7.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,610	800	805	7.7	7.9	7.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,550	765	790	7.4	7.5	7.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,470	705	765	7.1	6.9	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,640	735	905	7.9	7.2	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,710	740	965	8.2	7.3	9.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,500	705	790	7.2	6.9	7.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,425	720	705	6.8	7.1	6.6
$100,000 and over	3,570	2,115	1,455	17.1	20.8	13.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,000	1,090	910	9.6	10.7	8.5
$125,000 and over	1,570	1,020	550	7.5	10.0	5.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	25,920	12,675	13,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,810	12,060	12,750	95.7	95.1	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	57,600	53,200	55,200	57,600	53,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,825	12,065	12,760	95.8	95.2	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	51,200	48,000	49,200	51,200	48,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,405	11,360	12,045	90.3	89.6	90.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	56,800	50,400	53,200	56,800	50,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,955	10,240	10,710	80.8	80.8	80.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	56,400	50,800	53,200	56,400	50,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,280	8,955	10,330	74.4	70.7	78.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,430	576	2,560	1,430	576	2,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,025	1,000	1,030	7.8	7.9	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,080	7,750	6,800	6,080	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	25,920	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,890	12,100	12,795	96.0	95.5	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,600	68,600	60,900	64,600	68,600	60,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,900	12,100	12,805	96.1	95.5	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,600	57,300	52,100	54,600	57,300	52,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,555	11,495	12,060	90.9	90.7	91.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,000	67,500	58,700	63,000	67,500	58,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,070	10,340	10,730	81.3	81.6	81.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,950	63,000	55,100	58,950	63,000	55,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,425	8,990	10,435	74.9	70.9	78.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	5,995	6,800	6,430	5,995	6,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,020	880	1,140	7.8	6.9	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,910	6,320	9,140	7,910	6,320	9,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	25,925	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,975	5,480	5,500	42.3	43.2	41.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	79,500	71,500	75,000	79,500	71,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,600	84,000	73,200	78,600	84,000	73,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,430	3,510	3,920	28.7	27.7	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	33,200	28,800	30,800	33,200	28,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,000	41,960	38,200	40,000	41,960	38,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.2	93.6	90.8	92.2	93.6	90.8
Employment income (%)	77.2	78.4	75.8	77.2	78.4	75.8
Government transfers (%)	7.8	6.5	9.1	7.8	6.5	9.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,750	...	...	57,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,800	...	...	153,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	390	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	310	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	285	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	310	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	330	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	640	...	...	4.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	730	...	...	5.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	760	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	750	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	735	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,225	...	...	54.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,285	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,135	...	...	16.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,165	...	...	16.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	405	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	350	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	305	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	385	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	355	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	360	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	820	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	930	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	935	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	875	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	830	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,220	...	...	47.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,705	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,470	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,045	...	...	23.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,125	3,055	3,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	48,800	54,400	51,200	48,800	54,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	44,000	49,200	46,400	44,000	49,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	151,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	183,600	...	...	183,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...	154,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,500	...	...	84,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,970	2,940	3,030	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,450	60,950	63,900	62,450	60,950	63,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,750	52,050	55,400	53,750	52,050	55,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	31,425	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,530	3,410	3,115	20.8	21.9	19.6
0 to 5 years	2,150	1,095	1,055	6.8	7.0	6.6
18 to 64 years	20,640	9,965	10,675	65.7	64.1	67.2
65 years and over	4,245	2,160	2,090	13.5	13.9	13.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,930	995	935	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	430	235	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	75	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,030	525	500	...	...	...
65 years and over	475	240	235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.4	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	6.9	6.3	6.6	6.9	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	6.8	8.2	7.5	6.8	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.3	4.7	5.0	5.3	4.7
65 years and over (%)	11.1	10.9	11.3	11.1	10.9	11.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	31,425	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,870	4,890	4,980	31.4	31.5	31.4
In bottom decile	1,985	1,045	945	6.3	6.7	6.0
In second decile	1,780	865	915	5.7	5.6	5.8
In third decile	1,910	950	965	6.1	6.1	6.1
In fourth decile	1,890	915	975	6.0	5.9	6.1
In fifth decile	2,310	1,115	1,190	7.4	7.2	7.5
In top half of the distribution	21,550	10,645	10,900	68.6	68.5	68.6
In sixth decile	2,665	1,290	1,380	8.5	8.3	8.7
In seventh decile	3,190	1,530	1,660	10.2	9.8	10.5
In eighth decile	4,255	2,085	2,170	13.5	13.4	13.7
In ninth decile	5,365	2,680	2,685	17.1	17.2	16.9
In top decile	6,070	3,065	3,005	19.3	19.7	18.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	31,420	...	...	31,420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.360	...	...	0.360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265	...	...	0.265	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	31,525	15,605	15,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	26,325	13,185	13,140	83.5	84.5	82.5
French only	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	4,990	2,325	2,665	15.8	14.9	16.7
Neither English nor French	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	31,525	15,605	15,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	29,725	14,705	15,025	94.3	94.2	94.4
French	1,525	765	755	4.8	4.9	4.7
English and French	145	70	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	31,525	15,605	15,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,395	15,055	15,340	96.4	96.5	96.4
Official languages	26,410	13,180	13,225	83.8	84.5	83.1
English	24,915	12,425	12,495	79.0	79.6	78.5
French	1,490	755	735	4.7	4.8	4.6
Non-official languages	3,990	1,880	2,115	12.7	12.0	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	40	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	90	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Tutchone	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Southern Tutchone	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tutchone, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,880	1,840	2,045	12.3	11.8	12.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,175	515	660	3.7	3.3	4.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	910	410	505	2.9	2.6	3.2
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	65	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,795	930	865	5.7	6.0	5.4
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	100	110	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	100	110	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	660	325	335	2.1	2.1	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	530	260	265	1.7	1.7	1.7
German	445	220	230	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	615	355	265	2.0	2.3	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	595	335	260	1.9	2.1	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	390	230	165	1.2	1.5	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	275	135	140	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	220	100	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	45	90	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	120	200	1.0	0.8	1.3
Chinese languages	315	120	200	1.0	0.8	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	50	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	65	110	0.6	0.4	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,125	545	575	3.6	3.5	3.6
English and French	380	200	180	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	630	295	335	2.0	1.9	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	31,525	15,605	15,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	25,670	12,835	12,835	81.4	82.2	80.6
French	660	315	340	2.1	2.0	2.1
Non-official language	860	440	420	2.7	2.8	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	850	435	415	2.7	2.8	2.6
English and French	1,090	540	550	3.5	3.5	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,000	1,360	1,640	9.5	8.7	10.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	31,525	15,605	15,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,760	15,250	15,510	97.6	97.7	97.4
Official languages	28,700	14,235	14,465	91.0	91.2	90.9
English	27,800	13,795	14,000	88.2	88.4	87.9
French	905	440	460	2.9	2.8	2.9
Non-official languages	2,060	1,015	1,045	6.5	6.5	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,050	1,005	1,040	6.5	6.4	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	770	360	405	2.4	2.3	2.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	615	295	320	2.0	1.9	2.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	770	405	360	2.4	2.6	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	485	265	220	1.5	1.7	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	475	255	215	1.5	1.6	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	185	145	1.0	1.2	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	90	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	210	90	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	55	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	765	355	410	2.4	2.3	2.6
English and French	205	105	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	530	235	285	1.7	1.5	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	31,520	15,605	15,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	27,805	13,875	13,930	88.2	88.9	87.5
English	1,150	550	600	3.6	3.5	3.8
French	705	345	360	2.2	2.2	2.3
Non-official language	1,390	620	770	4.4	4.0	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	120	45	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	1,270	575	700	4.0	3.7	4.4
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	105	105	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	70	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	31,310	15,490	15,820	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	31,225	15,460	15,770	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	5,030	2,265	2,765	16.0	14.6	17.4
Non-official languages	6,070	2,815	3,255	19.3	18.1	20.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	240	110	125	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	175	75	100	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	145	50	95	0.5	0.3	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	105	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern Tutchone	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern Tutchone	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,845	2,710	3,140	18.6	17.4	19.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,585	705	885	5.0	4.5	5.6
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	195	85	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
Fijian	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hiligaynon	110	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ilocano	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,455	645	810	4.6	4.2	5.1
Waray-Waray	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	190	85	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	55	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Tamil	45	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,190	1,590	1,595	10.2	10.2	10.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	130	135	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	130	135	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,105	535	560	3.5	3.4	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	890	445	455	2.8	2.9	2.9
German	860	435	420	2.7	2.8	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	85	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	145	80	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	45	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swedish	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	780	455	325	2.5	2.9	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	755	440	320	2.4	2.8	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	435	255	180	1.4	1.6	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	240	220	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	135	100	40	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,105	480	625	3.5	3.1	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,030	435	590	3.3	2.8	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	175	95	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	75	10	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	175	235	1.3	1.1	1.5
Chinese languages	410	175	235	1.3	1.1	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	110	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	85	150	0.7	0.5	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,425	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,110	2,370	2,740	16.3	15.3	17.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,875	2,255	2,615	15.5	14.5	16.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,625	1,670	1,955	11.5	10.7	12.3
Métis	1,030	485	540	3.3	3.1	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	220	105	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	145	80	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	26,305	13,170	13,140	83.7	84.7	82.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,425	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,995	1,375	1,620	9.5	8.8	10.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	28,425	14,170	14,255	90.5	91.2	89.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	8,950	...	...	67.9	...	...
Renter	4,230	...	...	32.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,985	...	...	15.1	...	...
Not condominium	11,200	...	...	84.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	1,975	...	...	15.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,480	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,635	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,905	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,635	...	...	35.2	...	...
5 rooms	2,175	...	...	16.5	...	...
6 rooms	2,040	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	1,535	...	...	11.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,800	...	...	21.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,885	...	...	97.7	...	...
More than one person per room	300	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	12,500	...	...	94.8	...	...
Not suitable	690	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	985	...	...	7.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,750	...	...	28.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,555	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,085	...	...	15.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	745	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,155	...	...	8.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,350	...	...	10.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,570	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,900	...	...	90.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,285	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,420	...	...	48.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,965	...	...	45.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	805	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	310	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,290	...	...	17.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,695	...	...	20.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,385	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,660	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,965	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	670	...	...	5.1	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,895	...	...	83.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,220	...	...	16.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,080	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,830	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,910	...	...	14.5	...	...
Not suitable only	570	...	...	4.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	990	...	...	7.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,355	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,365	...	...	10.5	...	...
Not in core need	11,605	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,696	...	...	1,696	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	530,000	...	...	530,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.6	...	...	27.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,428	...	...	1,428	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,295	1,090	1,210	7.3	7.0	7.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,135	1,025	1,115	6.8	6.6	7.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,910	910	1,000	6.1	5.9	6.3
Métis single ancestry	120	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	35	75	0.4	0.2	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,185	1,505	1,685	10.1	9.7	10.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,115	1,450	1,660	9.9	9.3	10.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,275	1,065	1,210	7.2	6.9	7.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	735	335	395	2.3	2.2	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	55	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	25,940	12,950	12,985	82.6	83.3	81.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,720	14,165	14,555	91.4	91.2	91.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,380	3,355	3,025	20.3	21.6	19.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,345	10,815	11,530	71.1	69.6	72.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,700	1,375	1,325	8.6	8.8	8.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	25,940	12,945	12,990	82.6	83.3	81.8
Immigrants⁸¹	4,630	2,150	2,480	14.7	13.8	15.6
Before 1980	890	430	465	2.8	2.8	2.9
1980 to 1990	290	125	160	0.9	0.8	1.0
1991 to 2000	565	220	345	1.8	1.4	2.2
2001 to 2010	950	455	495	3.0	2.9	3.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,935	920	1,010	6.2	5.9	6.4
2011 to 2015	900	410	490	2.9	2.6	3.1
2016 to 2021	1,035	515	520	3.3	3.3	3.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	855	445	410	2.7	2.9	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,630	2,150	2,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	390	190	195	8.4	8.8	7.9
5 to 14 years	715	350	370	15.4	16.3	14.9
15 to 24 years	900	415	490	19.4	19.3	19.8
25 to 44 years	2,250	1,015	1,235	48.6	47.2	49.8
45 years and over	375	185	190	8.1	8.6	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,630	2,150	2,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	610	295	320	13.2	13.7	12.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	10	25	0.9	0.5	1.0
Mexico	60	25	30	1.3	1.2	1.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	395	210	190	8.5	9.8	7.7
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	50	1.9	1.6	2.0
Europe	1,545	745	805	33.4	34.7	32.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	15	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
France	145	70	75	3.1	3.3	3.0
Germany	375	170	205	8.1	7.9	8.3
Greece	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	80	40	40	1.7	1.9	1.6
Poland	20	15	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Romania	25	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	35	20	10	0.8	0.9	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	460	195	270	9.9	9.1	10.9
Other places of birth in Europe	325	165	155	7.0	7.7	6.3
Africa	170	100	70	3.7	4.7	2.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	50	40	1.8	2.3	1.6
Asia	2,205	975	1,235	47.6	45.3	49.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	65	115	3.8	3.0	4.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	65	15	50	1.4	0.7	2.0
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
Philippines	1,325	580	745	28.6	27.0	30.0
Viet Nam	40	0	35	0.9	0.0	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	335	185	155	7.2	8.6	6.3
Pakistan	55	40	20	1.2	1.9	0.8
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	115	50	70	2.5	2.3	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	40	50	2.1	1.9	2.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,035	515	525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	55	60	11.1	10.7	11.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.9
Mexico	30	15	20	2.9	2.9	3.8
United States of America	30	15	15	2.9	2.9	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	2.9	2.9	2.9
Europe	235	125	110	22.7	24.3	21.0
France	35	15	15	3.4	2.9	2.9
Germany	70	25	45	6.8	4.9	8.6
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	4.3	4.9	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	75	45	30	7.2	8.7	5.7
Africa	65	40	25	6.3	7.8	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	0	1.9	1.9	0.0
Asia	590	275	315	57.0	53.4	60.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	2.9	1.9	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	240	140	100	23.2	27.2	19.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	15	20	3.9	2.9	3.8
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	2.4	1.9	2.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	15	10	2.4	2.9	1.9
Philippines	215	90	125	20.8	17.5	23.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	35	15	20	3.4	2.9	3.8
Australia	25	10	20	2.4	1.9	3.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,755	2,710	3,045	18.3	17.4	19.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,365	2,620	2,740	17.1	16.9	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,305	10,210	10,095	64.6	65.7	63.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,740	1,720	2,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,615	1,255	1,360	69.9	73.0	67.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,360	670	695	36.4	39.0	34.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,250	585	665	33.4	34.0	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	970	390	580	25.9	22.7	28.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	130	65	55	3.5	3.8	2.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,740	1,720	2,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	35	40	1.9	2.0	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,065	495	570	28.5	28.8	28.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	25	45	1.7	1.5	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	340	145	195	9.1	8.4	9.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,185	1,015	1,165	58.4	59.0	57.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	31,425	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,720	2,200	2,525	15.0	14.2	15.9
South Asian	980	530	450	3.1	3.4	2.8
Chinese	565	260	305	1.8	1.7	1.9
Black	525	265	265	1.7	1.7	1.7
Filipino	1,830	785	1,045	5.8	5.1	6.6
Arab	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latin American	220	100	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Southeast Asian	155	60	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	90	20	65	0.3	0.1	0.4
Japanese	165	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	140	70	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,695	13,345	13,355	84.9	85.9	84.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	31,420	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,890	1,985	1,905	12.4	12.8	12.0
English	7,815	3,720	4,095	24.9	23.9	25.8
Irish	6,190	3,070	3,115	19.7	19.8	19.6
Scottish	6,900	3,445	3,455	22.0	22.2	21.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,470	1,625	1,840	11.0	10.5	11.6
German	4,415	2,245	2,170	14.1	14.4	13.7
Chinese	760	355	405	2.4	2.3	2.6
Italian	550	275	275	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indian (India)	660	340	325	2.1	2.2	2.0
Ukrainian	1,655	795	860	5.3	5.1	5.4
Dutch	1,545	730	815	4.9	4.7	5.1
Polish	785	360	425	2.5	2.3	2.7
Québécois	125	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,140	540	595	3.6	3.5	3.7
Filipino	1,655	700	955	5.3	4.5	6.0
French Canadian	495	250	245	1.6	1.6	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	725	375	350	2.3	2.4	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,210	1,060	1,150	7.0	6.8	7.2
Métis	1,015	475	545	3.2	3.1	3.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	840	440	405	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	530	230	300	1.7	1.5	1.9
Norwegian	1,215	605	610	3.9	3.9	3.8
Welsh	960	450	515	3.1	2.9	3.2
Portuguese	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
American	560	295	265	1.8	1.9	1.7
Spanish	360	190	175	1.1	1.2	1.1
Swedish	740	375	370	2.4	2.4	2.3
Hungarian	325	160	165	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	180	75	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pakistani	85	65	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	185	85	100	0.6	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	135	80	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	90	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	70	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	185	90	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	315	125	190	1.0	0.8	1.2
Korean	100	25	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
Romanian	125	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lebanese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.3
Danish	375	185	190	1.2	1.2	1.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	250	130	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sikh	115	50	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austrian	270	155	115	0.9	1.0	0.7
Belgian	255	145	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	125	75	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	170	90	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swiss	330	165	170	1.1	1.1	1.1
Finnish	310	155	155	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	125	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	220	105	120	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	90	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	235	110	120	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	160	95	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Newfoundlander	115	50	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	90	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	95	25	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	85	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	100	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ghanaian	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Columbian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Abenaki	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	31,425	15,540	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	195	75	125	0.6	0.5	0.8
Christian	11,215	5,145	6,065	35.7	33.1	38.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,080	980	1,100	6.6	6.3	6.9
Anabaptist	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	1,325	600	730	4.2	3.9	4.6
Baptist	565	260	305	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catholic	4,750	2,185	2,565	15.1	14.1	16.2
Christian Orthodox	110	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	130	55	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	360	165	200	1.1	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	55	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	215	95	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	100	20	80	0.3	0.1	0.5
Reformed	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	830	335	495	2.6	2.2	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	520	250	270	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hindu	240	140	100	0.8	0.9	0.6
Jewish	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	175	120	55	0.6	0.8	0.3
Sikh	375	175	195	1.2	1.1	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	155	255	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	18,690	9,660	9,030	59.5	62.2	56.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,095	15,385	15,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,090	13,030	13,060	83.9	84.7	83.1
Movers	5,000	2,355	2,645	16.1	15.3	16.8
Non-migrants	3,425	1,585	1,845	11.0	10.3	11.7
Migrants	1,575	770	805	5.1	5.0	5.1
Internal migrants	1,370	680	685	4.4	4.4	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	260	125	135	0.8	0.8	0.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,105	555	545	3.6	3.6	3.5
External migrants	210	85	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	29,670	14,660	15,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,780	7,885	7,905	53.2	53.8	52.7
Movers	13,885	6,785	7,105	46.8	46.3	47.4
Non-migrants	6,980	3,480	3,500	23.5	23.7	23.3
Migrants	6,910	3,295	3,605	23.3	22.5	24.0
Internal migrants	5,535	2,560	2,975	18.7	17.5	19.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,475	685	795	5.0	4.7	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	4,055	1,875	2,180	13.7	12.8	14.5
External migrants	1,370	740	630	4.6	5.0	4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,920	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,805	2,365	1,435	14.7	18.7	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,120	10,305	11,810	85.3	81.3	89.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,300	8,665	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,680	1,095	585	9.2	12.6	6.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,620	7,570	9,050	90.8	87.4	93.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,920	12,675	13,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,165	1,930	1,230	12.2	15.2	9.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,580	3,345	3,235	25.4	26.4	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,175	7,400	8,780	62.4	58.4	66.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,295	4,185	4,105	32.0	33.0	31.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,345	1,875	470	9.0	14.8	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	775	470	300	3.0	3.7	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,570	1,405	165	6.1	11.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,980	1,910	3,065	19.2	15.1	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	970	405	570	3.7	3.2	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,880	3,210	4,670	30.4	25.3	35.2
Bachelor's degree	4,895	2,010	2,885	18.9	15.9	21.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	175	290	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,180	855	1,325	8.4	6.7	10.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	105	95	0.8	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,305	8,665	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,305	855	450	7.1	9.9	4.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,045	2,135	1,905	22.1	24.6	19.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,950	5,670	7,285	70.7	65.4	75.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,260	3,065	3,195	34.2	35.4	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,660	1,300	360	9.1	15.0	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	525	310	220	2.9	3.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,130	995	140	6.2	11.5	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,865	1,470	2,390	21.1	17.0	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	740	295	445	4.0	3.4	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,690	2,600	4,085	36.5	30.0	42.4
Bachelor's degree	4,120	1,630	2,485	22.5	18.8	25.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	400	160	240	2.2	1.8	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	1,895	680	1,220	10.4	7.8	12.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	85	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,920	12,670	13,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,745	5,275	4,470	37.6	41.6	33.7
Education	1,330	385	945	5.1	3.0	7.1
13. Education	1,330	385	945	5.1	3.0	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	385	130	250	1.5	1.0	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	355	120	240	1.4	0.9	1.8
Humanities	835	360	475	3.2	2.8	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	160	55	105	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	300	135	165	1.2	1.1	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	145	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,250	800	1,450	8.7	6.3	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	125	130	1.0	1.0	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	370	60	310	1.4	0.5	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	275	95	180	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	20	65	0.3	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	315	80	235	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	920	415	510	3.5	3.3	3.9
Business, management and public administration	2,970	835	2,135	11.5	6.6	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	515	135	380	2.0	1.1	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,455	695	1,755	9.5	5.5	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	855	460	395	3.3	3.6	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	200	190	1.5	1.6	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	85	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	215	130	85	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	260	185	1.7	2.1	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	325	200	125	1.3	1.6	0.9
25. Library science	60	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,095	2,725	375	11.9	21.5	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	150	85	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	560	420	140	2.2	3.3	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	475	420	55	1.8	3.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	950	885	65	3.7	7.0	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	755	730	30	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	190	185	10	0.7	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	865	460	410	3.3	3.6	3.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	110	90	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	670	350	320	2.6	2.8	2.4
Health and related fields	2,130	460	1,665	8.2	3.6	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	95	150	0.9	0.7	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,845	350	1,500	7.1	2.8	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,005	515	490	3.9	4.1	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	540	195	350	2.1	1.5	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	250	130	120	1.0	1.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	195	20	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,305	8,665	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,350	2,995	2,355	29.2	34.6	24.4
Education	1,030	300	730	5.6	3.5	7.6
13. Education	1,030	300	730	5.6	3.5	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305	100	200	1.7	1.2	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	280	85	195	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	600	240	360	3.3	2.8	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	80	125	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	115	45	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870	600	1,265	10.2	6.9	13.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	95	130	1.2	1.1	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	255	35	220	1.4	0.4	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	245	80	170	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	20	60	0.4	0.2	0.6
42. Psychology	265	65	205	1.4	0.8	2.1
45. Social sciences	765	305	460	4.2	3.5	4.8
Business, management and public administration	2,390	640	1,745	13.1	7.4	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425	100	320	2.3	1.2	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,965	540	1,425	10.7	6.2	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	730	375	360	4.0	4.3	3.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	175	175	1.9	2.0	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	65	85	0.8	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	105	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	250	160	2.2	2.9	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	300	195	110	1.6	2.3	1.1
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,280	1,955	320	12.5	22.6	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	135	65	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
14. Engineering	475	355	120	2.6	4.1	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	345	300	45	1.9	3.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	695	635	60	3.8	7.3	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	530	510	25	2.9	5.9	0.3
48. Precision production	100	90	10	0.5	1.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	365	385	4.1	4.2	4.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	85	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	280	300	3.2	3.2	3.1
Health and related fields	1,800	425	1,370	9.8	4.9	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	90	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,575	335	1,240	8.6	3.9	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	800	420	380	4.4	4.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	425	170	255	2.3	2.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	205	95	110	1.1	1.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	170	160	15	0.9	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	18,305	8,665	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,350	2,995	2,355	29.2	34.6	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,955	5,670	7,285	70.8	65.4	75.6
Location of study inside Canada	10,500	4,600	5,905	57.4	53.1	61.3
Same as province or territory of residence	2,235	935	1,305	12.2	10.8	13.5
Different than province or territory of residence	8,270	3,665	4,605	45.2	42.3	47.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,445	1,075	1,375	13.4	12.4	14.3
Americas	415	185	235	2.3	2.1	2.4
United States of America	340	150	185	1.9	1.7	1.9
Mexico	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	775	340	430	4.2	3.9	4.5
Belgium	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
France	135	70	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Germany	165	75	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Netherlands	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Switzerland	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	180	60	125	1.0	0.7	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Africa	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	30	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	1,090	455	640	6.0	5.3	6.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	680	270	410	3.7	3.1	4.3
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	195	90	100	1.1	1.0	1.0
Pakistan	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	105	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Australia	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	25,920	12,675	13,250	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,045	9,325	9,710	...	...	...
Employed	18,035	8,795	9,235	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,010	530	475	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	6,885	3,345	3,535	...	...	...
Participation rate	73.5	73.6	73.3	73.5	73.6	73.3
Employment rate	69.6	69.4	69.7	69.6	69.4	69.7
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.7	4.9	5.3	5.7	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	25,920	12,670	13,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,455	3,110	3,350	24.9	24.5	25.3
Worked	19,465	9,565	9,900	75.1	75.5	74.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,295	5,670	5,630	43.6	44.8	42.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,170	3,895	4,270	31.5	30.7	32.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.6	42.5	42.5	42.6	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,040	9,330	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	135	110	1.3	1.4	1.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,800	9,195	9,605	98.7	98.6	98.9
Employee	16,210	7,680	8,530	85.1	82.3	87.8
Permanent position	13,030	6,190	6,845	68.4	66.3	70.5
Temporary position	3,180	1,495	1,685	16.7	16.0	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,120	515	600	5.9	5.5	6.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,065	975	1,085	10.8	10.5	11.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,590	1,515	1,080	13.6	16.2	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,040	9,330	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	135	110	1.3	1.4	1.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,800	9,195	9,605	98.7	98.6	98.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	315	130	180	1.7	1.4	1.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,550	900	2,645	18.6	9.6	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,485	1,025	460	7.8	11.0	4.7
3 Health occupations	1,365	250	1,115	7.2	2.7	11.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,585	1,205	2,375	18.8	12.9	24.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	660	290	370	3.5	3.1	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	3,815	1,840	1,970	20.0	19.7	20.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,305	2,985	320	17.4	32.0	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	340	115	2.4	3.6	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	270	220	45	1.4	2.4	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,040	9,330	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	135	110	1.3	1.4	1.1
All industries¹⁹¹	18,800	9,195	9,605	98.7	98.6	98.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	245	155	85	1.3	1.7	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	440	325	115	2.3	3.5	1.2
22 Utilities	155	115	45	0.8	1.2	0.5
23 Construction	1,660	1,465	195	8.7	15.7	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	265	190	75	1.4	2.0	0.8
41 Wholesale trade	260	185	80	1.4	2.0	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	1,930	1,115	810	10.1	12.0	8.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	715	485	235	3.8	5.2	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	485	280	215	2.5	3.0	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	295	120	175	1.5	1.3	1.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	220	140	85	1.2	1.5	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,125	585	540	5.9	6.3	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	465	325	140	2.4	3.5	1.4
61 Educational services	1,365	405	960	7.2	4.3	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,335	485	1,845	12.3	5.2	19.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	450	205	240	2.4	2.2	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	960	395	565	5.0	4.2	5.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	835	375	460	4.4	4.0	4.7
91 Public administration	4,575	1,835	2,740	24.0	19.7	28.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	20,600	10,095	10,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,445	9,625	9,820	94.4	95.3	93.5
French	220	60	165	1.1	0.6	1.6
Non-official language	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	610	265	345	3.0	2.6	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	285	130	160	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	20,600	10,095	10,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,480	10,035	10,445	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	20,435	10,010	10,430	99.2	99.2	99.3
English	20,135	9,935	10,205	97.7	98.4	97.2
French	300	75	225	1.5	0.7	2.1
Non-official languages	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	115	55	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	80	35	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	20,600	10,095	10,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,790	9,755	10,035	96.1	96.6	95.6
English	105	30	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
French	465	215	250	2.3	2.1	2.4
Non-official language	230	95	135	1.1	0.9	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	200	80	120	1.0	0.8	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,030	8,795	9,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,145	935	1,210	11.9	10.6	13.1
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,020	1,545	480	11.2	17.6	5.2
Usual place of work	13,850	6,305	7,545	76.8	71.7	81.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,850	6,305	7,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,935	5,365	6,565	86.2	85.1	87.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,355	655	690	9.8	10.4	9.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different province or territory	565	285	280	4.1	4.5	3.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,870	7,850	8,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,750	6,905	6,850	86.6	88.0	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,645	6,595	6,050	79.7	84.0	75.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,105	305	800	7.0	3.9	10.0
Public transit	475	200	275	3.0	2.5	3.4
Walked	985	370	620	6.2	4.7	7.7
Bicycle	395	235	160	2.5	3.0	2.0
Other method	265	150	115	1.7	1.9	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,870	7,850	8,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,480	3,720	3,760	47.1	47.4	46.9
15 to 29 minutes	6,595	3,195	3,400	41.6	40.7	42.4
30 to 44 minutes	1,140	570	565	7.2	7.3	7.0
45 to 59 minutes	370	180	190	2.3	2.3	2.4
60 minutes and over	285	185	100	1.8	2.4	1.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,870	7,850	8,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	420	255	165	2.6	3.2	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,710	950	760	10.8	12.1	9.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,295	2,635	2,655	33.4	33.6	33.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,305	2,320	2,990	33.4	29.6	37.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,665	860	800	10.5	11.0	10.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,470	825	645	9.3	10.5	8.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,630	3,470	3,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	990	525	465	14.9	15.1	14.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,640	2,945	2,695	85.1	84.9	85.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,725	2,500	2,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	705	375	325	14.9	15.0	14.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	275	255	11.2	11.0	11.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	175	105	70	3.7	4.2	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,025	2,125	1,900	85.2	85.0	85.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table