Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Coast--Northern Peninsula--LabradorMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,037	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	105,205	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 4.0	...	...	- 4.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,927	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,101	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.3	...	...	0.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	289,001.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,035	49,885	51,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,855	7,175	6,680	13.7	14.4	13.1
0 to 4 years	3,795	1,950	1,850	3.8	3.9	3.6
5 to 9 years	4,750	2,430	2,320	4.7	4.9	4.5
10 to 14 years	5,305	2,795	2,510	5.3	5.6	4.9
15 to 64 years	62,855	31,060	31,805	62.2	62.3	62.2
15 to 19 years	5,170	2,650	2,525	5.1	5.3	4.9
20 to 24 years	4,845	2,520	2,325	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	4,670	2,380	2,295	4.6	4.8	4.5
30 to 34 years	5,270	2,585	2,685	5.2	5.2	5.2
35 to 39 years	5,485	2,610	2,875	5.4	5.2	5.6
40 to 44 years	5,820	2,815	3,010	5.8	5.6	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,645	3,205	3,440	6.6	6.4	6.7
50 to 54 years	7,800	3,835	3,965	7.7	7.7	7.8
55 to 59 years	8,575	4,245	4,335	8.5	8.5	8.5
60 to 64 years	8,570	4,225	4,355	8.5	8.5	8.5
65 years and over	24,320	11,655	12,665	24.1	23.4	24.8
65 to 69 years	8,105	3,970	4,135	8.0	8.0	8.1
70 to 74 years	6,935	3,425	3,510	6.9	6.9	6.9
75 to 79 years	4,495	2,135	2,360	4.4	4.3	4.6
80 to 84 years	2,680	1,240	1,440	2.7	2.5	2.8
85 years and over	2,105	885	1,225	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,455	675	780	1.4	1.4	1.5
90 to 94 years	540	185	355	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	100	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.4	13.1	13.7	14.4	13.1
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.3	62.2	62.2	62.3	62.2
65 years and over	24.1	23.4	24.8	24.1	23.4	24.8
85 years and over	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.4
Average age of the population	45.8	45.1	46.4	45.8	45.1	46.4
Median age of the population	49.2	48.4	49.6	49.2	48.4	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,025	...	...	77.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,365	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	2,050	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,380	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,315	...	...	5.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	605	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,430	...	...	28.2	...	...
2 persons	17,995	...	...	40.8	...	...
3 persons	6,980	...	...	15.8	...	...
4 persons	4,680	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,015	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,090	48,860	50,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,180	42,715	44,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,400	26,185	26,215	60.1	61.3	58.9
Married	41,665	20,840	20,825	47.8	48.8	46.8
Living common-law	10,730	5,345	5,385	12.3	12.5	12.1
Living common law - Never married	8,245	4,055	4,190	9.5	9.5	9.4
Living common law - Separated	310	175	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,855	975	880	2.1	2.3	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	315	135	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	34,785	16,530	18,250	39.9	38.7	41.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,120	12,085	10,040	25.4	28.3	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,825	845	985	2.1	2.0	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,710	2,135	2,570	5.4	5.0	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,130	1,465	4,660	7.0	3.4	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,725	...	...	60.4	...	...
3 persons	6,720	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	4,255	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,305	...	...	4.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,775	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	20,410	...	...	65.8	...	...
With children⁶	7,920	...	...	25.5	...	...
Without children	12,490	...	...	40.3	...	...
Common-law couples	5,365	...	...	17.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,430	...	...	7.8	...	...
Without children	2,935	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,230	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,025	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,090	48,860	50,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	81,545	40,490	41,055	82.3	82.9	81.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,550	25,740	25,815	52.0	52.7	51.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,230	1,200	4,030	5.3	2.5	8.0
Children⁶	24,760	13,550	11,210	25.0	27.7	22.3
In a two-parent family	16,985	9,275	7,705	17.1	19.0	15.3
In a one-parent family	7,780	4,270	3,510	7.9	8.7	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,545	8,370	9,170	17.7	17.1	18.3
Living alone	12,430	5,820	6,610	12.5	11.9	13.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,360	1,060	1,305	2.4	2.2	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,750	1,495	1,260	2.8	3.1	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,930	...	...	63.3	...	...
Couple-family households	23,835	...	...	54.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,515	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	14,320	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,100	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,015	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,215	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,380	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	12,430	...	...	28.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,245	41,695	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,515	40,375	42,135	96.8	96.8	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	32,000	36,400	42,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,535	40,390	42,150	96.8	96.9	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	29,200	32,800	37,200	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,640	33,905	32,740	78.2	81.3	75.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	24,800	29,600	34,800	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,030	28,250	26,785	64.6	67.8	61.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,400	26,600	31,000	36,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,635	31,815	36,820	80.5	76.3	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	16,200	13,600	14,800	16,200	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,130	11,595	9,530	24.8	27.8	21.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	12,400	8,700	10,700	12,400	8,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,680	10,040	10,645	24.3	24.1	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,230	41,685	43,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,610	40,355	42,250	96.9	96.8	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	55,000	39,800	47,200	55,000	39,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,640	40,365	42,270	97.0	96.8	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,080	34,400	39,600	45,080	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,800	33,915	32,880	78.4	81.4	75.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	51,120	35,520	43,440	51,120	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,035	28,165	26,870	64.6	67.6	61.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	52,250	36,400	44,520	52,250	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,910	31,840	37,070	80.9	76.4	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,500	15,260	13,840	14,500	15,260	13,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,000	11,545	9,455	24.6	27.7	21.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,240	12,260	10,000	11,240	12,260	10,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,475	9,895	10,585	24.0	23.7	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,330	8,150	8,500	8,330	8,150	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,235	41,685	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,300	11,005	11,295	26.2	26.4	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	74,500	52,800	62,400	74,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	85,700	60,350	72,800	85,700	60,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,105	13,185	11,915	29.5	31.6	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	21,000	14,100	16,800	21,000	14,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	34,480	21,080	28,120	34,480	21,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.4	78.0	69.4	74.4	78.0	69.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.8	66.2	58.2	62.8	66.2	58.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.7	21.9	30.6	25.7	21.9	30.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.1	6.4	5.6	6.1	6.4	5.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.5	5.2	4.2	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.4	3.6	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,250	41,695	43,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,735	1,315	1,420	3.2	3.2	3.3
With total income	82,510	40,380	42,135	96.8	96.8	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,505	2,540	3,965	7.9	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,585	4,450	7,130	14.0	11.0	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,960	6,420	8,540	18.1	15.9	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	12,195	5,655	6,535	14.8	14.0	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,045	5,025	5,020	12.2	12.4	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,950	3,605	3,345	8.4	8.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,635	2,595	2,045	5.6	6.4	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	2,020	1,340	4.1	5.0	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,650	1,555	1,100	3.2	3.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	1,185	1,010	2.7	2.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	7,435	5,345	2,095	9.0	13.2	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,165	3,465	1,695	6.3	8.6	4.0
$150,000 and over	2,270	1,875	395	2.8	4.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,250	41,695	43,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,710	1,305	1,405	3.2	3.1	3.2
With after-tax income	82,540	40,390	42,150	96.8	96.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,785	2,605	4,175	8.2	6.4	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,105	4,655	7,450	14.7	11.5	17.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,980	7,870	10,110	21.8	19.5	24.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,035	6,910	7,125	17.0	17.1	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,545	5,380	5,165	12.8	13.3	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,485	3,615	2,870	7.9	9.0	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,215	2,485	1,725	5.1	6.2	4.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,175	1,720	1,460	3.8	4.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	1,285	795	2.5	3.2	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	995	520	1.8	2.5	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,615	2,860	760	4.4	7.1	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,325	1,830	495	2.8	4.5	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,295	1,030	265	1.6	2.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,250	41,695	43,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,210	13,445	16,765	35.4	32.2	38.5
With employment income	55,035	28,245	26,785	64.6	67.7	61.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,225	3,905	4,315	14.9	13.8	16.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,870	2,105	2,765	8.8	7.5	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,990	3,650	4,340	14.5	12.9	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,885	2,830	3,055	10.7	10.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,015	2,395	2,620	9.1	8.5	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,500	2,155	2,350	8.2	7.6	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,505	1,695	1,810	6.4	6.0	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,695	1,470	1,220	4.9	5.2	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,310	1,345	960	4.2	4.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,950	1,100	845	3.5	3.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	955	840	3.3	3.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,300	4,635	1,665	11.4	16.4	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,710	1,725	985	4.9	6.1	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,590	2,910	685	6.5	10.3	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,245	41,695	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,295	39,760	41,535	95.4	95.4	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	29,000	34,800	42,000	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,370	39,765	41,605	95.5	95.4	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,200	26,800	31,400	37,200	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,625	33,820	32,805	78.2	81.1	75.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	37,600	25,200	30,800	37,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,995	28,665	27,330	65.7	68.7	62.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	40,000	26,400	32,000	40,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,645	29,240	34,405	74.7	70.1	79.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,500	14,100	11,100	12,500	14,100	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	21,185	11,705	9,485	24.9	28.1	21.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,200	12,600	9,700	11,200	12,600	9,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,230	41,685	43,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,360	39,755	41,605	95.5	95.4	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,960	54,800	37,480	45,960	54,800	37,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,435	39,755	41,685	95.5	95.4	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	44,360	32,280	38,160	44,360	32,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,645	33,770	32,875	78.2	81.0	75.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	53,200	35,280	44,360	53,200	35,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,895	28,445	27,445	65.6	68.2	63.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,440	54,450	36,040	45,440	54,450	36,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,950	29,415	34,535	75.0	70.6	79.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,230	12,980	11,580	12,230	12,980	11,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,935	11,445	9,490	24.6	27.5	21.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,530	12,400	10,490	11,530	12,400	10,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,235	41,685	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,145	10,925	11,220	26.0	26.2	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	71,500	50,800	60,000	71,500	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,700	82,200	57,400	69,700	82,200	57,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,700	12,510	11,190	27.8	30.0	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	26,800	16,400	20,600	26,800	16,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,880	42,520	24,260	33,880	42,520	24,260
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.0	82.4	74.4	79.0	82.4	74.4
Employment income (%)	68.0	71.2	63.4	68.0	71.2	63.4
Government transfers (%)	20.9	17.5	25.7	20.9	17.5	25.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...	31,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...	29,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,120	...	...	44,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	810	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	880	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,880	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,760	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,320	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,330	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,970	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,780	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,435	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,880	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,675	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,280	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,455	...	...	32.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,460	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,175	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,895	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,920	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	830	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	905	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,065	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,080	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,515	...	...	5.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,620	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,260	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,075	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,105	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,615	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,380	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,760	...	...	24.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,370	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,860	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,530	...	...	8.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,180	7,315	7,870	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	35,600	29,000	32,000	35,600	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	32,400	27,600	29,400	32,400	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...	88,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...	65,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,250	7,115	8,135	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,240	48,440	38,680	43,240	48,440	38,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,920	40,480	33,800	36,920	40,480	33,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,090	48,860	50,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,925	8,760	8,170	17.1	17.9	16.3
0 to 5 years	4,715	2,430	2,285	4.8	5.0	4.5
18 to 64 years	59,025	28,910	30,115	59.6	59.2	60.0
65 years and over	23,140	11,190	11,945	23.4	22.9	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,895	7,150	8,740	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,820	1,460	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	825	415	405	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,750	3,045	3,705	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,315	2,645	3,670	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	14.6	17.4	16.0	14.6	17.4
0 to 17 years (%)	16.7	16.7	16.7	16.7	16.7	16.7
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	17.0	17.8	17.4	17.0	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	10.5	12.3	11.4	10.5	12.3
65 years and over (%)	27.3	23.6	30.7	27.3	23.6	30.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	97,020	47,880	49,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,155	8,405	7,750	16.7	17.6	15.8
0 to 5 years	4,455	2,320	2,140	4.6	4.8	4.4
18 to 64 years	57,825	28,340	29,490	59.6	59.2	60.0
65 years and over	23,045	11,140	11,905	23.8	23.3	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,015	1,455	1,560	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	435	230	210	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,335	1,145	1,190	...	...	...
65 years and over	240	80	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,090	48,860	50,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,935	27,150	29,785	57.5	55.6	59.3
In bottom decile	12,315	5,550	6,765	12.4	11.4	13.5
In second decile	13,520	6,270	7,250	13.6	12.8	14.4
In third decile	11,135	5,455	5,680	11.2	11.2	11.3
In fourth decile	10,455	5,125	5,325	10.6	10.5	10.6
In fifth decile	9,515	4,750	4,765	9.6	9.7	9.5
In top half of the distribution	42,150	21,710	20,445	42.5	44.4	40.7
In sixth decile	9,560	4,840	4,720	9.6	9.9	9.4
In seventh decile	8,875	4,455	4,415	9.0	9.1	8.8
In eighth decile	8,610	4,395	4,215	8.7	9.0	8.4
In ninth decile	8,280	4,350	3,930	8.4	8.9	7.8
In top decile	6,830	3,670	3,165	6.9	7.5	6.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,090	...	...	99,090	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.329	...	...	0.329	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.498	...	...	0.498	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,685	49,210	50,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	94,875	47,055	47,820	95.2	95.6	94.7
French only	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,655	2,080	2,565	4.7	4.2	5.1
Neither English nor French	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,685	49,210	50,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	98,760	48,705	50,055	99.1	99.0	99.2
French	745	415	325	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,685	49,210	50,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,890	48,840	50,050	99.2	99.2	99.1
Official languages	95,570	47,225	48,340	95.9	96.0	95.8
English	94,740	46,785	47,955	95.0	95.1	95.0
French	830	445	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	3,320	1,610	1,710	3.3	3.3	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,785	835	945	1.8	1.7	1.9
Algonquian languages	1,565	740	825	1.6	1.5	1.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,565	740	825	1.6	1.5	1.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,560	740	825	1.6	1.5	1.6
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,530	775	760	1.5	1.6	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	555	245	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	230	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	650	360	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	355	200	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	335	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	795	370	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	520	250	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,685	49,210	50,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,985	46,985	48,000	95.3	95.5	95.1
French	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,175	570	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	830	400	435	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-Indigenous	350	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	655	300	355	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,490	1,150	1,345	2.5	2.3	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,685	49,210	50,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,985	48,890	50,090	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	96,810	47,810	49,000	97.1	97.2	97.1
English	96,505	47,655	48,845	96.8	96.8	96.8
French	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	2,175	1,080	1,095	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,350	670	675	1.4	1.4	1.3
Algonquian languages	1,300	650	655	1.3	1.3	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,300	650	655	1.3	1.3	1.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,300	650	655	1.3	1.3	1.3
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	415	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	315	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	345	175	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	255	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	700	315	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	585	250	330	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,685	49,205	50,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	97,040	47,960	49,080	97.3	97.5	97.2
English	965	495	470	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	505	225	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	960	430	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	425	170	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-Indigenous	540	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,090	48,885	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,995	48,850	50,145	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	98,930	48,815	50,110	99.8	99.9	99.8
French	4,755	2,110	2,645	4.8	4.3	5.3
Non-official languages	5,075	2,490	2,580	5.1	5.1	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,475	1,140	1,335	2.5	2.3	2.7
Algonquian languages	1,950	910	1,040	2.0	1.9	2.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,910	895	1,020	1.9	1.8	2.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,905	885	1,015	1.9	1.8	2.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	525	225	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	520	225	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,655	1,385	1,270	2.7	2.8	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	810	380	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	760	350	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,260	670	590	1.3	1.4	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	125	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	130	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	565	305	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	530	290	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	270	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	420	220	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,090	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	31,310	15,190	16,120	31.6	31.1	32.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	28,950	14,010	14,945	29.2	28.7	29.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,975	9,075	9,905	19.1	18.6	19.7
Métis	4,365	2,180	2,190	4.4	4.5	4.4
Inuk (Inuit)	5,610	2,760	2,850	5.7	5.6	5.7
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	510	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	1,845	935	915	1.9	1.9	1.8
Non-Indigenous identity	67,770	33,695	34,075	68.4	68.9	67.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,090	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	16,035	7,655	8,380	16.2	15.7	16.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,055	41,235	41,820	83.8	84.3	83.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,070	...	...	75.0	...	...
Renter	10,640	...	...	24.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	395	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	610	...	...	1.4	...	...
Not condominium	43,490	...	...	98.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,535	...	...	5.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,060	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,345	...	...	46.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,090	...	...	22.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,580	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 rooms	7,620	...	...	17.3	...	...
6 rooms	8,125	...	...	18.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,695	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,080	...	...	31.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,840	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,200	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	905	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,820	...	...	17.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,475	...	...	37.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,375	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,235	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,365	...	...	5.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,310	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,530	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,995	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,105	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,605	...	...	53.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,305	...	...	43.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,195	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,105	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,655	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,810	...	...	13.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,985	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,790	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,000	...	...	20.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,525	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,245	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,155	...	...	87.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,310	...	...	12.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,925	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,715	...	...	19.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,805	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not suitable only	765	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,550	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,385	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,085	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not in core need	39,995	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,965	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	42.6	...	...	42.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	869	...	...	869	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	211,400	...	...	211,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,590	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	23.2	...	...	23.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	395	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	164	...	...	164	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,085	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	22,310	10,760	11,545	22.5	22.0	23.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	21,565	10,365	11,205	21.8	21.2	22.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	14,960	7,145	7,820	15.1	14.6	15.6
Métis single ancestry	2,020	995	1,025	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuit single ancestry	4,585	2,225	2,360	4.6	4.6	4.7
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	740	395	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	380	215	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	13,575	6,585	6,990	13.7	13.5	13.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	12,945	6,290	6,655	13.1	12.9	13.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10,595	5,155	5,445	10.7	10.5	10.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	730	365	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,620	765	850	1.6	1.6	1.7
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	635	295	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	110	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	63,200	31,540	31,665	63.8	64.5	63.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,085	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,460	48,035	49,430	98.4	98.3	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,730	8,725	8,005	16.9	17.8	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,730	39,310	41,415	81.5	80.4	82.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,625	855	775	1.6	1.7	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,085	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,180	47,425	48,750	97.1	97.0	97.1
Immigrants⁸¹	2,425	1,215	1,215	2.4	2.5	2.4
Before 1980	575	265	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
1980 to 1990	140	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
2001 to 2010	350	165	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,215	610	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
2011 to 2015	390	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	820	410	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	480	250	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,425	1,215	1,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	290	150	135	12.0	12.3	11.1
5 to 14 years	405	215	195	16.7	17.7	16.0
15 to 24 years	415	210	205	17.1	17.3	16.9
25 to 44 years	1,170	560	610	48.2	46.1	50.2
45 years and over	150	85	65	6.2	7.0	5.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,425	1,215	1,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	320	135	180	13.2	11.1	14.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	1.4	1.6	1.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
United States of America	175	80	100	7.2	6.6	8.2
Other places of birth in Americas	40	10	35	1.6	0.8	2.9
Europe	730	370	355	30.1	30.5	29.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	25	1.2	0.8	2.1
Germany	50	40	10	2.1	3.3	0.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.2
Poland	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portugal	35	25	10	1.4	2.1	0.8
Romania	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	170	195	15.3	14.0	16.0
Other places of birth in Europe	140	80	60	5.8	6.6	4.9
Africa	205	120	80	8.5	9.9	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	1.2	1.6	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	40	15	2.5	3.3	1.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	20	1.6	2.1	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	30	2.5	2.5	2.5
Asia	1,160	580	580	47.8	47.7	47.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	1.2	1.2	1.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	15	35	2.3	1.2	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	655	310	345	27.0	25.5	28.4
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	10	15	1.2	0.8	1.2
India	195	115	85	8.0	9.5	7.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	85	55	35	3.5	4.5	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	15	0.6	0.8	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	825	410	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	30	35	7.3	7.3	8.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	1.8	2.4	2.4
Europe	60	35	25	7.3	8.5	6.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	3.6	4.9	2.4
Africa	75	50	30	9.1	12.2	7.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	25	10	4.2	6.1	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	2.4	2.4	2.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.6
Asia	625	295	330	75.8	72.0	79.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	45	30	9.7	11.0	7.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	2.4	2.4	2.4
Philippines	430	195	230	52.1	47.6	55.4
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10	2.4	2.4	2.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,090	48,885	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,105	1,565	1,540	3.1	3.2	3.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,830	1,525	1,310	2.9	3.1	2.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	93,150	45,795	47,355	94.0	93.7	94.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,850	950	905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,370	700	670	74.1	73.7	74.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	595	355	245	32.2	37.4	27.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	775	350	425	41.9	36.8	47.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	430	220	215	23.2	23.2	23.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	25	30	3.0	2.6	3.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,850	950	905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	570	285	290	30.8	30.0	32.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	50	45	5.1	5.3	5.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	60	15	4.1	6.3	1.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	15	1.4	1.6	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,070	545	530	57.8	57.4	58.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,090	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,485	1,295	1,195	2.5	2.6	2.4
South Asian	680	365	310	0.7	0.7	0.6
Chinese	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	345	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Filipino	900	430	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab	135	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,605	47,595	49,010	97.5	97.4	97.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,085	48,885	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,475	9,590	9,885	19.7	19.6	19.7
English	28,765	14,055	14,710	29.0	28.8	29.3
Irish	14,300	6,955	7,345	14.4	14.2	14.6
Scottish	6,605	3,290	3,320	6.7	6.7	6.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,490	4,185	4,305	8.6	8.6	8.6
German	1,545	765	785	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	335	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indian (India)	520	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	155	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Polish	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,320	1,630	1,695	3.4	3.3	3.4
Filipino	865	420	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
French Canadian	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,705	2,315	2,390	4.7	4.7	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,825	3,230	3,600	6.9	6.6	7.2
Métis	3,640	1,850	1,785	3.7	3.8	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,530	805	725	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	355	175	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	750	365	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	365	205	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Spanish	195	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	155	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	280	115	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jewish	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	230	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,190	1,105	1,085	2.2	2.3	2.2
Sikh	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	50	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10,240	4,920	5,320	10.3	10.1	10.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	5,535	2,730	2,805	5.6	5.6	5.6
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	6,750	3,255	3,500	6.8	6.7	7.0
Bangladeshi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	2,035	1,010	1,025	2.1	2.1	2.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	4,850	2,280	2,565	4.9	4.7	5.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,090	48,890	50,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	83,895	40,545	43,340	84.7	82.9	86.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,470	1,250	1,220	2.5	2.6	2.4
Anabaptist	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	26,050	12,775	13,275	26.3	26.1	26.4
Baptist	230	80	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catholic	31,100	15,050	16,045	31.4	30.8	32.0
Christian Orthodox	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	295	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	4,120	1,930	2,185	4.2	3.9	4.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	7,100	3,375	3,730	7.2	6.9	7.4
Presbyterian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	8,980	4,245	4,735	9.1	8.7	9.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,220	1,565	1,655	3.2	3.2	3.3
Hindu	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	370	175	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	165	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	14,185	7,840	6,340	14.3	16.0	12.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,350	48,570	49,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,560	44,280	45,280	91.1	91.2	91.0
Movers	8,795	4,290	4,505	8.9	8.8	9.0
Non-migrants	4,935	2,330	2,610	5.0	4.8	5.2
Migrants	3,860	1,965	1,895	3.9	4.0	3.8
Internal migrants	3,680	1,860	1,815	3.7	3.8	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,175	1,045	1,130	2.2	2.2	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,505	815	685	1.5	1.7	1.4
External migrants	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,245	46,920	48,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,325	33,315	34,010	70.7	71.0	70.4
Movers	27,915	13,610	14,310	29.3	29.0	29.6
Non-migrants	10,595	5,090	5,505	11.1	10.8	11.4
Migrants	17,320	8,515	8,805	18.2	18.1	18.2
Internal migrants	16,260	7,940	8,320	17.1	16.9	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	11,450	5,460	5,990	12.0	11.6	12.4
Interprovincial migrants	4,810	2,485	2,330	5.1	5.3	4.8
External migrants	1,060	575	485	1.1	1.2	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,230	41,685	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,115	11,710	10,405	25.9	28.1	23.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,120	29,975	33,140	74.1	71.9	76.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,260	25,335	26,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,155	5,315	3,845	17.5	21.0	14.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,105	20,025	23,080	82.5	79.0	85.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,235	41,685	43,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,405	10,420	9,985	23.9	25.0	22.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,650	10,965	12,680	27.7	26.3	29.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,180	20,300	20,880	48.3	48.7	48.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,725	16,290	14,435	36.0	39.1	33.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,515	7,075	2,440	11.2	17.0	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,590	2,680	1,910	5.4	6.4	4.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,925	4,395	530	5.8	10.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,735	8,565	11,160	23.2	20.5	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,475	650	835	1.7	1.6	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,460	4,010	6,445	12.3	9.6	14.8
Bachelor's degree	7,285	2,710	4,570	8.5	6.5	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	460	150	315	0.5	0.4	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	160	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,205	850	1,355	2.6	2.0	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	145	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,260	25,340	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,080	4,535	3,545	15.5	17.9	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,355	6,195	7,165	25.6	24.4	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,820	14,610	16,210	59.0	57.7	60.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,765	11,740	11,030	43.6	46.3	41.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,580	4,800	1,775	12.6	18.9	6.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,255	1,870	1,385	6.2	7.4	5.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,320	2,930	390	6.4	11.6	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,260	6,515	8,745	29.2	25.7	32.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	925	425	505	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,055	2,870	5,185	15.4	11.3	19.3
Bachelor's degree	5,525	1,955	3,565	10.6	7.7	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	330	80	245	0.6	0.3	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	125	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,780	585	1,195	3.4	2.3	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	115	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,235	41,685	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,055	21,390	22,665	51.7	51.3	52.0
Education	3,305	1,055	2,255	3.9	2.5	5.2
13. Education	3,305	1,055	2,255	3.9	2.5	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	250	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	395	190	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Humanities	1,100	470	630	1.3	1.1	1.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	305	115	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	110	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	110	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,330	620	1,705	2.7	1.5	3.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	65	715	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	230	75	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	555	155	395	0.7	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	615	285	330	0.7	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	7,990	1,405	6,590	9.4	3.4	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	55	465	0.6	0.1	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,455	1,350	6,110	8.7	3.2	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	690	325	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,125	490	635	1.3	1.2	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	955	430	525	1.1	1.0	1.2
25. Library science	90	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,375	10,350	1,030	13.3	24.8	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	660	555	100	0.8	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,545	1,975	570	3.0	4.7	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,575	3,420	160	4.2	8.2	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,370	3,240	130	4.0	7.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,185	1,130	50	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	760	490	1.5	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	70	225	0.4	0.2	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	950	685	265	1.1	1.6	0.6
Health and related fields	6,260	960	5,300	7.3	2.3	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,920	795	5,125	6.9	1.9	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,275	3,610	1,665	6.2	8.7	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,630	325	1,300	1.9	0.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	555	450	105	0.7	1.1	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,050	2,805	245	3.6	6.7	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,260	25,335	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,440	10,730	10,710	41.0	42.4	39.8
Education	2,010	545	1,460	3.8	2.2	5.4
13. Education	2,010	545	1,460	3.8	2.2	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	180	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	295	135	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Humanities	740	285	455	1.4	1.1	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	195	70	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	65	150	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,955	455	1,500	3.7	1.8	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	50	640	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	190	45	145	0.4	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	440	105	330	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	515	220	295	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	6,305	1,065	5,240	12.1	4.2	19.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	435	40	400	0.8	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,850	1,020	4,825	11.2	4.0	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	500	255	245	1.0	1.0	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	120	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	965	435	530	1.8	1.7	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	850	405	450	1.6	1.6	1.7
25. Library science	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,275	7,330	940	15.8	28.9	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	540	440	95	1.0	1.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,155	1,600	555	4.1	6.3	2.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,420	120	4.9	9.6	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,240	2,120	120	4.3	8.4	0.4
48. Precision production	770	735	35	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	990	570	415	1.9	2.2	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	45	175	0.4	0.2	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	770	530	245	1.5	2.1	0.9
Health and related fields	4,760	755	4,000	9.1	3.0	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	100	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,475	620	3,855	8.6	2.4	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,980	2,725	1,255	7.6	10.8	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,195	235	965	2.3	0.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	355	95	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,300	2,110	185	4.4	8.3	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,260	25,335	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,440	10,730	10,710	41.0	42.4	39.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,820	14,605	16,210	59.0	57.6	60.2
Location of study inside Canada	29,670	14,070	15,600	56.8	55.5	57.9
Same as province or territory of residence	24,055	11,395	12,665	46.0	45.0	47.0
Different than province or territory of residence	5,610	2,675	2,935	10.7	10.6	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,150	540	610	2.2	2.1	2.3
Americas	190	105	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
United States of America	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	225	115	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	640	280	360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	375	145	235	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
India	125	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,230	41,685	43,545	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,520	23,675	22,850	...	...	...
Employed	38,325	18,735	19,590	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,195	4,940	3,250	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,710	18,010	20,705	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.6	56.8	52.5	54.6	56.8	52.5
Employment rate	45.0	44.9	45.0	45.0	44.9	45.0
Unemployment rate	17.6	20.9	14.2	17.6	20.9	14.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,235	41,685	43,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,430	16,830	19,595	42.7	40.4	45.0
Worked	48,805	24,855	23,950	57.3	59.6	55.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,640	11,170	11,480	26.6	26.8	26.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,165	13,685	12,475	30.7	32.8	28.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.4	35.4	37.5	36.4	35.4	37.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,520	23,675	22,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	845	580	3.1	3.6	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,100	22,835	22,265	96.9	96.5	97.5
Employee	42,125	21,075	21,055	90.6	89.0	92.2
Permanent position	29,215	14,145	15,070	62.8	59.7	66.0
Temporary position	12,910	6,930	5,985	27.8	29.3	26.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,210	930	1,285	4.8	3.9	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10,695	5,995	4,700	23.0	25.3	20.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,970	1,760	1,215	6.4	7.4	5.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,520	23,675	22,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	845	580	3.1	3.6	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,100	22,835	22,265	96.9	96.5	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335	150	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,160	1,165	3,995	11.1	4.9	17.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,010	1,520	495	4.3	6.4	2.2
3 Health occupations	4,000	650	3,355	8.6	2.7	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,930	2,035	4,895	14.9	8.6	21.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	670	280	385	1.4	1.2	1.7
6 Sales and service occupations	11,225	4,105	7,115	24.1	17.3	31.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,195	9,355	845	21.9	39.5	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,770	2,270	495	6.0	9.6	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,810	1,310	500	3.9	5.5	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,520	23,675	22,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	845	580	3.1	3.6	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	45,100	22,835	22,265	96.9	96.5	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,275	1,760	515	4.9	7.4	2.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,415	2,755	665	7.3	11.6	2.9
22 Utilities	715	580	135	1.5	2.4	0.6
23 Construction	3,610	3,140	465	7.8	13.3	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,925	1,380	540	4.1	5.8	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	945	685	260	2.0	2.9	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,910	2,555	3,355	12.7	10.8	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,125	1,540	585	4.6	6.5	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	345	195	155	0.7	0.8	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	560	145	415	1.2	0.6	1.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	340	205	135	0.7	0.9	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,150	610	540	2.5	2.6	2.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,295	670	620	2.8	2.8	2.7
61 Educational services	3,300	1,030	2,270	7.1	4.4	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,135	1,375	6,760	17.5	5.8	29.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	730	400	330	1.6	1.7	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,870	995	1,875	6.2	4.2	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,765	780	980	3.8	3.3	4.3
91 Public administration	3,645	2,005	1,635	7.8	8.5	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,385	26,625	25,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,805	26,045	24,765	97.0	97.8	96.2
French	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	195	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	185	70	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	615	235	380	1.2	0.9	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	625	220	405	1.2	0.8	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,385	26,625	25,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,200	26,575	25,620	99.6	99.8	99.5
Official languages	51,790	26,405	25,385	98.9	99.2	98.6
English	51,560	26,335	25,230	98.4	98.9	98.0
French	230	75	150	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official languages	415	170	245	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	160	230	0.8	0.6	0.9
Algonquian languages	380	155	220	0.7	0.6	0.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	380	155	220	0.7	0.6	0.9
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	380	155	220	0.7	0.6	0.9
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	190	55	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
English and French	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	165	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,385	26,625	25,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,310	26,215	25,095	97.9	98.5	97.4
English	305	120	185	0.6	0.5	0.7
French	500	200	295	1.0	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	255	80	175	0.5	0.3	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	185	55	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-Indigenous	70	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,325	18,735	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,815	1,150	1,665	7.3	6.1	8.5
Worked outside Canada	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,405	3,810	1,595	14.1	20.3	8.1
Usual place of work	30,060	13,735	16,325	78.4	73.3	83.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,065	13,740	16,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,195	8,645	10,550	63.8	62.9	64.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,740	3,750	4,995	29.1	27.3	30.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,535	875	660	5.1	6.4	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	595	470	125	2.0	3.4	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,470	17,550	17,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,520	15,350	16,175	88.9	87.5	90.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,730	14,180	14,555	81.0	80.8	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,785	1,170	1,620	7.9	6.7	9.0
Public transit	260	210	45	0.7	1.2	0.3
Walked	2,045	850	1,200	5.8	4.8	6.7
Bicycle	55	40	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other method	1,590	1,105	485	4.5	6.3	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,470	17,550	17,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,685	10,545	12,140	64.0	60.1	67.7
15 to 29 minutes	7,610	4,000	3,610	21.5	22.8	20.1
30 to 44 minutes	2,615	1,280	1,335	7.4	7.3	7.4
45 to 59 minutes	945	525	420	2.7	3.0	2.3
60 minutes and over	1,620	1,195	425	4.6	6.8	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,470	17,550	17,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,865	1,435	430	5.3	8.2	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,670	3,350	1,325	13.2	19.1	7.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,895	5,745	5,150	30.7	32.7	28.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,145	3,895	6,250	28.6	22.2	34.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,970	1,215	2,755	11.2	6.9	15.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,925	1,900	2,020	11.1	10.8	11.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,265	8,935	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	410	425	4.8	4.6	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,435	8,525	7,900	95.2	95.4	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,155	6,810	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	315	315	4.8	4.6	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	180	215	3.0	2.6	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	135	105	1.8	2.0	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,525	6,500	6,025	95.2	95.4	95.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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