Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	VictoriavilleMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,322	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	44,735	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	22,430	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,207	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,313.5	...	...	1,313.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	35.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,325	22,250	24,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,265	3,755	3,510	15.7	16.9	14.6
0 to 4 years	2,190	1,150	1,040	4.7	5.2	4.3
5 to 9 years	2,455	1,260	1,200	5.3	5.7	5.0
10 to 14 years	2,620	1,345	1,275	5.7	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	26,145	12,925	13,220	56.4	58.1	54.9
15 to 19 years	2,345	1,180	1,165	5.1	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	2,185	1,145	1,045	4.7	5.1	4.3
25 to 29 years	2,285	1,185	1,105	4.9	5.3	4.6
30 to 34 years	2,350	1,185	1,165	5.1	5.3	4.8
35 to 39 years	2,685	1,315	1,370	5.8	5.9	5.7
40 to 44 years	2,840	1,470	1,375	6.1	6.6	5.7
45 to 49 years	2,465	1,195	1,270	5.3	5.4	5.3
50 to 54 years	2,380	1,110	1,265	5.1	5.0	5.3
55 to 59 years	3,195	1,530	1,665	6.9	6.9	6.9
60 to 64 years	3,415	1,620	1,795	7.4	7.3	7.5
65 years and over	12,910	5,570	7,340	27.9	25.0	30.5
65 to 69 years	3,530	1,635	1,895	7.6	7.3	7.9
70 to 74 years	3,155	1,425	1,735	6.8	6.4	7.2
75 to 79 years	2,510	1,100	1,410	5.4	4.9	5.9
80 to 84 years	1,765	695	1,065	3.8	3.1	4.4
85 years and over	1,950	715	1,240	4.2	3.2	5.2
85 to 89 years	1,220	470	745	2.6	2.1	3.1
90 to 94 years	575	210	375	1.2	0.9	1.6
95 to 99 years	145	35	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.9	14.6	15.7	16.9	14.6
15 to 64 years	56.4	58.1	54.9	56.4	58.1	54.9
65 years and over	27.9	25.0	30.5	27.9	25.0	30.5
85 years and over	4.2	3.2	5.2	4.2	3.2	5.2
Average age of the population	45.9	44.1	47.6	45.9	44.1	47.6
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	50.0	47.2	44.8	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,800	...	...	46.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,325	...	...	11.0	...	...
Row house	190	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,255	...	...	5.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,570	...	...	35.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,330	...	...	39.3	...	...
2 persons	7,575	...	...	35.7	...	...
3 persons	2,200	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	2,080	...	...	9.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,020	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,975	21,420	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	39,055	18,500	20,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	21,250	10,575	10,670	54.4	57.2	51.9
Married	10,860	5,400	5,460	27.8	29.2	26.6
Living common-law	10,385	5,170	5,210	26.6	27.9	25.3
Living common law - Never married	8,050	3,985	4,070	20.6	21.5	19.8
Living common law - Separated	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,960	1,020	940	5.0	5.5	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	300	135	165	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	17,810	7,920	9,890	45.6	42.8	48.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,375	5,870	5,500	29.1	31.7	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	450	175	275	1.2	0.9	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,355	1,250	2,110	8.6	6.8	10.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,635	635	2,005	6.7	3.4	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,300	...	...	59.2	...	...
3 persons	2,090	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	2,020	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	935	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,345	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	5,155	...	...	41.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,435	...	...	11.6	...	...
Without children	3,720	...	...	30.1	...	...
Common-law couples	5,190	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,725	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	2,465	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,990	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,475	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	515	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,975	21,420	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	33,945	16,810	17,140	77.2	78.5	76.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,690	10,330	10,360	47.0	48.2	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	1,990	515	1,475	4.5	2.4	6.5
Children⁶	11,265	5,955	5,305	25.6	27.8	23.5
In a two-parent family	8,080	4,270	3,805	18.4	19.9	16.9
In a one-parent family	3,190	1,685	1,500	7.3	7.9	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,025	4,615	5,410	22.8	21.5	24.0
Living alone	8,330	3,665	4,665	18.9	17.1	20.7
Living with other relatives⁷	610	280	335	1.4	1.3	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,085	675	410	2.5	3.2	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,900	...	...	56.1	...	...
Couple-family households	10,070	...	...	47.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,055	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	6,015	...	...	28.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,835	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	225	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	610	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	8,330	...	...	39.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	36,720	17,675	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,220	17,425	18,800	98.6	98.6	98.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,400	38,000	42,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,225	17,425	18,800	98.7	98.6	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,200	34,000	37,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,185	15,840	16,345	87.6	89.6	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	36,000	24,800	30,000	36,000	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,585	12,620	11,965	67.0	71.4	62.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,400	29,000	33,200	38,400	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,295	14,390	16,905	85.2	81.4	88.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	11,300	13,600	12,700	11,300	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,715	2,460	2,260	12.8	13.9	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,120	5,000	5,040	5,120	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,250	5,245	5,005	27.9	29.7	26.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	7,000	6,000	5,480	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	36,795	17,755	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,345	17,520	18,820	98.8	98.7	98.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720	49,240	40,480	44,720	49,240	40,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,345	17,520	18,820	98.8	98.7	98.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	40,840	35,200	37,920	40,840	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,260	15,970	16,290	87.7	89.9	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,680	43,200	32,320	37,680	43,200	32,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,660	12,710	11,945	67.0	71.6	62.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,000	35,280	39,800	44,000	35,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,420	14,505	16,915	85.4	81.7	88.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	11,920	13,940	13,000	11,920	13,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,885	2,570	2,315	13.3	14.5	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,105	6,720	6,400	6,105	6,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,340	5,340	5,000	28.1	30.1	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,220	6,840	7,620	7,220	6,840	7,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	36,790	17,755	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,305	6,085	5,215	30.7	34.3	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	57,200	46,800	52,000	57,200	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,100	63,700	53,750	59,100	63,700	53,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,810	5,235	5,570	29.4	29.5	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	22,000	16,200	18,800	22,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	29,600	22,920	26,160	29,600	22,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.8	80.0	69.0	74.8	80.0	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	64.8	55.3	60.4	64.8	55.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.2	20.0	31.0	25.2	20.0	31.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.9	6.2	5.6	4.9	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.2	5.0	4.6	4.2	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	36,715	17,675	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	495	250	245	1.3	1.4	1.3
With total income	36,220	17,425	18,795	98.7	98.6	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,880	820	1,060	5.2	4.7	5.6
$10,000 to $19,999	5,130	1,985	3,140	14.2	11.4	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,935	3,010	3,930	19.1	17.3	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,240	2,355	2,890	14.5	13.5	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,075	2,400	2,675	14.0	13.8	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,930	2,060	1,870	10.9	11.8	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,525	1,465	1,060	7.0	8.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,785	1,080	705	4.9	6.2	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,240	695	550	3.4	4.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	705	390	315	1.9	2.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,775	1,175	605	4.9	6.7	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,315	840	480	3.6	4.8	2.6
$150,000 and over	460	330	130	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	36,715	17,675	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	495	250	245	1.3	1.4	1.3
With after-tax income	36,225	17,425	18,795	98.7	98.6	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,050	870	1,180	5.7	5.0	6.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,370	2,110	3,260	14.8	12.1	17.3
$20,000 to $29,999	8,075	3,535	4,540	22.3	20.3	24.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,690	3,190	3,500	18.5	18.3	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,675	2,900	2,775	15.7	16.6	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,515	2,015	1,495	9.7	11.6	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,125	1,170	955	5.9	6.7	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	605	495	3.0	3.5	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	655	365	295	1.8	2.1	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	350	230	120	1.0	1.3	0.6
$100,000 and over	620	435	185	1.7	2.5	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	325	220	110	0.9	1.3	0.6
$125,000 and over	295	215	75	0.8	1.2	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	36,715	17,675	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,130	5,060	7,070	33.0	28.6	37.1
With employment income	24,580	12,615	11,965	66.9	71.4	62.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,000	1,535	1,460	12.2	12.2	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	2,135	930	1,205	8.7	7.4	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,350	1,410	1,940	13.6	11.2	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,760	1,225	1,535	11.2	9.7	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,140	1,500	1,640	12.8	11.9	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,840	1,450	1,390	11.6	11.5	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,045	1,190	850	8.3	9.4	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,500	995	505	6.1	7.9	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,165	705	455	4.7	5.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	955	535	425	3.9	4.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	425	275	150	1.7	2.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,275	865	410	5.2	6.9	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	715	465	255	2.9	3.7	2.1
$125,000 and over	555	400	155	2.3	3.2	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	36,720	17,675	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,830	17,215	18,615	97.6	97.4	97.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	31,000	35,200	40,400	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,835	17,215	18,625	97.6	97.4	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	35,200	28,400	31,800	35,200	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,800	15,650	16,150	86.6	88.5	84.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	26,200	31,000	37,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,920	12,690	12,230	67.9	71.8	64.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,800	33,200	39,200	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,680	12,940	15,740	78.1	73.2	82.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,400	11,000	9,800	8,400	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,560	2,430	2,125	12.4	13.7	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	4,400	4,280	4,320	4,400	4,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	36,795	17,755	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,920	17,295	18,625	97.6	97.4	97.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360	47,200	37,840	42,360	47,200	37,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,925	17,295	18,630	97.6	97.4	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,920	39,240	32,840	35,920	39,240	32,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,940	15,840	16,100	86.8	89.2	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	43,800	32,680	38,200	43,800	32,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,100	12,855	12,250	68.2	72.4	64.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,160	34,760	39,600	44,160	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,520	12,815	15,705	77.5	72.2	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,550	9,560	11,350	10,550	9,560	11,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,565	2,460	2,100	12.4	13.9	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,310	5,425	7,340	6,310	5,425	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	36,790	17,755	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,315	6,090	5,220	30.8	34.3	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	54,800	43,200	48,800	54,800	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,650	60,400	50,160	55,650	60,400	50,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,325	4,985	5,340	28.1	28.1	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	26,800	21,000	23,800	26,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	33,640	26,200	29,800	33,640	26,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	85.0	74.6	80.2	85.0	74.6
Employment income (%)	65.4	69.6	60.4	65.4	69.6	60.4
Government transfers (%)	19.8	15.0	25.3	19.8	15.0	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	30,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,240	...	...	39,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,200	...	...	34,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,745	...	...	8.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	945	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	980	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,370	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,255	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,055	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,820	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,570	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,110	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,360	...	...	25.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,125	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,260	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,270	...	...	6.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	705	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865	...	...	8.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,195	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,240	...	...	5.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,640	...	...	7.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,375	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,160	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,940	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,845	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,560	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,375	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,090	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,600	...	...	17.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,795	...	...	8.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	930	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	875	...	...	4.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,415	4,340	5,075	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	36,400	30,800	33,200	36,400	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	32,400	28,400	30,200	32,400	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,800	...	...	138,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,500	...	...	62,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,360	4,385	4,975	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,720	41,760	36,040	38,720	41,760	36,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,800	35,720	32,080	33,800	35,720	32,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,975	21,425	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,660	4,445	4,210	19.7	20.7	18.7
0 to 5 years	2,630	1,370	1,260	6.0	6.4	5.6
18 to 64 years	24,565	12,120	12,450	55.9	56.6	55.2
65 years and over	10,750	4,860	5,885	24.4	22.7	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,415	2,760	3,650	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	910	450	460	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	140	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,795	1,345	1,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,715	975	1,740	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	12.9	16.2	14.6	12.9	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.1	11.0	10.5	10.1	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.0	10.8	10.3	10.0	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	11.1	11.6	11.4	11.1	11.6
65 years and over (%)	25.2	20.0	29.6	25.2	20.0	29.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,975	21,420	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,655	4,445	4,215	19.7	20.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	2,635	1,375	1,265	6.0	6.4	5.6
18 to 64 years	24,570	12,115	12,450	55.9	56.6	55.2
65 years and over	10,750	4,865	5,890	24.4	22.7	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,800	940	860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	190	100	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,430	775	655	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	65	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.4	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.4	5.2	5.8	6.4	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	2.0	1.7	1.3	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,975	21,425	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	28,050	13,285	14,765	63.8	62.0	65.5
In bottom decile	5,010	2,195	2,815	11.4	10.2	12.5
In second decile	6,190	2,835	3,360	14.1	13.2	14.9
In third decile	5,630	2,730	2,905	12.8	12.7	12.9
In fourth decile	5,875	2,865	3,015	13.4	13.4	13.4
In fifth decile	5,340	2,660	2,680	12.1	12.4	11.9
In top half of the distribution	15,925	8,140	7,785	36.2	38.0	34.5
In sixth decile	4,635	2,360	2,270	10.5	11.0	10.1
In seventh decile	4,180	2,170	2,010	9.5	10.1	8.9
In eighth decile	3,290	1,660	1,625	7.5	7.7	7.2
In ninth decile	2,330	1,195	1,135	5.3	5.6	5.0
In top decile	1,490	755	730	3.4	3.5	3.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,975	...	...	43,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	45,545	21,990	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
French only	32,665	14,900	17,760	71.7	67.8	75.4
English and French	12,595	6,930	5,665	27.7	31.5	24.1
Neither English nor French	200	115	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	45,545	21,990	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	400	195	205	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	44,730	21,560	23,170	98.2	98.0	98.4
English and French	215	125	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
Neither English nor French	200	110	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	45,545	21,990	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,140	21,770	23,370	99.1	99.0	99.2
Official languages	43,815	21,080	22,730	96.2	95.9	96.5
English	340	160	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	43,475	20,920	22,555	95.5	95.1	95.8
Non-official languages	1,330	685	640	2.9	3.1	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,325	685	640	2.9	3.1	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	270	150	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	150	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	770	400	370	1.7	1.8	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	650	340	310	1.4	1.5	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	600	310	280	1.3	1.4	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	400	215	185	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	245	135	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	45,545	21,990	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	42,920	20,600	22,320	94.2	93.7	94.8
Non-official language	500	280	220	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	500	280	220	1.1	1.3	0.9
English and French	1,010	565	445	2.2	2.6	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	760	360	400	1.7	1.6	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	110	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	45,545	21,990	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,125	21,785	23,340	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	44,300	21,340	22,960	97.3	97.0	97.5
English	240	130	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	44,060	21,210	22,850	96.7	96.5	97.0
Non-official languages	825	450	380	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	450	380	1.8	2.0	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	520	290	225	1.1	1.3	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	255	210	1.0	1.2	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	435	245	190	1.0	1.1	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	415	200	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	205	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	185	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	45,540	21,990	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,890	21,120	22,770	96.4	96.0	96.7
English	780	440	340	1.7	2.0	1.4
French	370	185	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	350	165	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	350	165	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	44,120	21,500	22,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	43,900	21,405	22,495	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	12,680	6,970	5,710	28.7	32.4	25.2
French	43,850	21,360	22,490	99.4	99.3	99.4
Non-official languages	2,650	1,260	1,390	6.0	5.9	6.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,645	1,255	1,390	6.0	5.8	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	210	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	365	210	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	365	210	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,855	840	1,020	4.2	3.9	4.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	30	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,675	740	930	3.8	3.4	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,595	705	890	3.6	3.3	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	44,125	21,500	22,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	525	240	285	1.2	1.1	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	495	225	275	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	310	125	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	185	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	43,600	21,255	22,340	98.8	98.9	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	44,125	21,500	22,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	44,055	21,465	22,590	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,410	...	...	58.6	...	...
Renter	8,785	...	...	41.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,790	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not condominium	19,405	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	2,565	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,465	...	...	30.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,685	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,360	...	...	20.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,880	...	...	32.5	...	...
5 rooms	3,920	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	2,350	...	...	11.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,605	...	...	12.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,430	...	...	25.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,120	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	20,925	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	270	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,770	...	...	17.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,360	...	...	30.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,655	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,385	...	...	11.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,295	...	...	6.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,665	...	...	7.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,725	...	...	8.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,340	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,510	...	...	96.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	685	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,465	...	...	58.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,465	...	...	39.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	260	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	720	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,640	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,310	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,205	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,970	...	...	18.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,295	...	...	20.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,475	...	...	11.7	...	...
85 years and over	575	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,260	...	...	86.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,890	...	...	13.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,720	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,690	...	...	17.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,750	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	235	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	545	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,505	...	...	82.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	510	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not in core need	20,475	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,405	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.6	...	...	57.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	929	...	...	929	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	229,800	...	...	229,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.2	...	...	23.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	681	...	...	681	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	44,125	21,495	22,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	675	280	400	1.5	1.3	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	670	275	395	1.5	1.3	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	620	260	360	1.4	1.2	1.6
Métis single ancestry	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	665	245	425	1.5	1.1	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	655	245	415	1.5	1.1	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	620	240	380	1.4	1.1	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,775	20,975	21,805	96.9	97.6	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	44,120	21,500	22,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,185	20,970	22,215	97.9	97.5	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,530	4,345	4,185	19.3	20.2	18.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,655	16,625	18,030	78.5	77.3	79.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	935	530	405	2.1	2.5	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	44,120	21,500	22,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	42,285	20,565	21,720	95.8	95.7	96.0
Immigrants⁸¹	1,450	690	755	3.3	3.2	3.3
Before 1980	135	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
1980 to 1990	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	140	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	450	205	245	1.0	1.0	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	630	315	315	1.4	1.5	1.4
2011 to 2015	295	125	170	0.7	0.6	0.8
2016 to 2021	340	190	145	0.8	0.9	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	380	240	145	0.9	1.1	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,450	695	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	190	85	110	13.1	12.2	14.6
5 to 14 years	280	140	140	19.3	20.1	18.5
15 to 24 years	160	90	70	11.0	12.9	9.3
25 to 44 years	700	325	380	48.3	46.8	50.3
45 years and over	115	55	60	7.9	7.9	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,450	695	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	255	290	37.2	36.7	38.4
Brazil	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Colombia	275	125	155	19.0	18.0	20.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	65	35	30	4.5	5.0	4.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	3.1	3.6	2.6
Peru	25	0	20	1.7	0.0	2.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	20	35	4.1	2.9	4.6
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	30	3.8	3.6	4.0
Europe	305	150	155	21.0	21.6	20.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.6
Croatia	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.0
France	135	75	60	9.3	10.8	7.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	45	35	5.2	6.5	4.6
Africa	370	160	210	25.5	23.0	27.8
Algeria	20	10	10	1.4	1.4	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	10	50	4.1	1.4	6.6
Egypt	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	25	25	3.1	3.6	3.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	220	105	115	15.2	15.1	15.2
Asia	235	130	100	16.2	18.7	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	75	50	30	5.2	7.2	4.0
Turkey	35	20	10	2.4	2.9	1.3
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	2.4	2.2	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	40	15	25	2.8	2.2	3.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	10	1.7	2.2	1.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	335	190	150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	25	15	11.9	13.2	10.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	10	6.0	0.0	6.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	4.5	0.0	0.0
Europe	50	35	15	14.9	18.4	10.0
France	45	30	15	13.4	15.8	10.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	145	65	85	43.3	34.2	56.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	20	7.5	0.0	13.3
Côte d'Ivoire	30	20	10	9.0	10.5	6.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	6.0	5.3	6.7
Other places of birth in Africa	45	10	35	13.4	5.3	23.3
Asia	95	65	35	28.4	34.2	23.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	3.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	75	50	30	22.4	26.3	20.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	44,120	21,500	22,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,985	980	1,005	4.5	4.6	4.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,190	635	560	2.7	3.0	2.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	40,940	19,880	21,060	92.8	92.5	93.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,315	630	690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	395	225	165	30.0	35.7	23.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	180	140	40	13.7	22.2	5.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220	90	130	16.7	14.3	18.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	305	130	175	23.2	20.6	25.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	255	340	45.2	40.5	49.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	0	1.9	3.2	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,315	630	690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	45	25	5.7	7.1	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	35	15	3.8	5.6	2.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10	1.5	2.4	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	40	10	3.8	6.3	1.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,125	495	625	85.6	78.6	90.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	44,125	21,500	22,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,745	900	845	4.0	4.2	3.7
South Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.4
Black	495	250	245	1.1	1.2	1.1
Filipino	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	355	200	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
Latin American	575	300	280	1.3	1.4	1.2
Southeast Asian	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	42,380	20,600	21,780	96.0	95.8	96.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	44,120	21,500	22,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,270	8,880	9,385	41.4	41.3	41.5
English	250	115	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Irish	1,275	585	690	2.9	2.7	3.1
Scottish	345	150	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,450	4,525	4,925	21.4	21.0	21.8
German	325	165	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	260	135	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indian (India)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	7,535	3,800	3,730	17.1	17.7	16.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Filipino	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	4,595	2,155	2,440	10.4	10.0	10.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	790	400	390	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	720	250	465	1.6	1.2	2.1
Métis	110	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	285	150	135	0.6	0.7	0.6
Russian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	325	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	55	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	305	300	1.4	1.4	1.3
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	130	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Haitian	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	115	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	175	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	415	205	210	0.9	1.0	0.9
Moroccan	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	145	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Norman	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	44,125	21,500	22,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	34,105	16,195	17,905	77.3	75.3	79.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,585	1,245	1,340	5.9	5.8	5.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	30,960	14,675	16,285	70.2	68.3	72.0
Christian Orthodox	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	50	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	135	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	505	280	225	1.1	1.3	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	9,400	4,960	4,440	21.3	23.1	19.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	43,705	21,280	22,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,230	18,585	19,650	87.5	87.3	87.6
Movers	5,470	2,690	2,780	12.5	12.6	12.4
Non-migrants	3,545	1,710	1,840	8.1	8.0	8.2
Migrants	1,925	985	940	4.4	4.6	4.2
Internal migrants	1,815	940	880	4.2	4.4	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,770	900	865	4.0	4.2	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	105	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	41,955	20,370	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,515	12,860	13,655	63.2	63.1	63.3
Movers	15,435	7,510	7,930	36.8	36.9	36.7
Non-migrants	7,650	3,670	3,980	18.2	18.0	18.4
Migrants	7,785	3,840	3,945	18.6	18.9	18.3
Internal migrants	7,250	3,510	3,735	17.3	17.2	17.3
Intraprovincial migrants	7,100	3,425	3,675	16.9	16.8	17.0
Interprovincial migrants	150	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	535	330	205	1.3	1.6	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,790	17,755	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,295	4,995	4,300	25.3	28.1	22.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,495	12,755	14,735	74.7	71.8	77.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,535	10,580	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,950	2,405	1,545	18.3	22.7	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,580	8,180	9,405	81.6	77.3	85.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,795	17,750	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,290	4,285	4,010	22.5	24.1	21.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,285	3,955	4,325	22.5	22.3	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,215	9,510	10,705	54.9	53.6	56.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,830	7,335	7,495	40.3	41.3	39.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,070	4,230	2,840	19.2	23.8	14.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,360	2,870	2,490	14.6	16.2	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,715	1,365	350	4.7	7.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,600	2,630	3,970	17.9	14.8	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	475	690	3.2	2.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,385	2,180	3,210	14.6	12.3	16.9
Bachelor's degree	3,675	1,350	2,325	10.0	7.6	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	260	260	1.4	1.5	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	120	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	865	390	475	2.4	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,530	10,580	10,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,270	1,940	1,325	15.2	18.3	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,990	2,050	1,940	18.5	19.4	17.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,270	6,590	7,685	66.3	62.3	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,160	5,020	5,145	47.2	47.4	47.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,090	3,000	2,090	23.6	28.4	19.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,915	2,050	1,865	18.2	19.4	17.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,175	950	225	5.5	9.0	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,390	1,750	2,640	20.4	16.5	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	265	410	3.1	2.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,115	1,570	2,545	19.1	14.8	23.2
Bachelor's degree	2,790	990	1,805	13.0	9.4	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	410	185	225	1.9	1.7	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175	75	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	665	270	390	3.1	2.6	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	36,790	17,755	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,575	8,245	8,330	45.1	46.4	43.8
Education	2,095	430	1,670	5.7	2.4	8.8
13. Education	2,095	430	1,670	5.7	2.4	8.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	210	360	1.5	1.2	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	515	180	335	1.4	1.0	1.8
Humanities	965	415	550	2.6	2.3	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	225	300	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	75	65	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	45	120	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,355	365	995	3.7	2.1	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	50	105	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	435	45	395	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	220	90	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	255	50	210	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	255	135	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	4,725	1,635	3,090	12.8	9.2	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	55	250	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,425	1,580	2,845	12.0	8.9	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	395	185	200	1.1	1.0	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	295	135	1.2	1.7	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	365	275	90	1.0	1.5	0.5
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,680	4,405	275	12.7	24.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	420	370	55	1.1	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	885	830	55	2.4	4.7	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,205	1,190	10	3.3	6.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,030	995	40	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,015	945	70	2.8	5.3	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	385	195	1.6	2.2	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	255	165	1.1	1.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	130	30	0.4	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	2,900	460	2,440	7.9	2.6	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,685	370	2,325	7.3	2.1	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,525	725	800	4.1	4.1	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	890	200	695	2.4	1.1	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	235	75	0.9	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	280	30	0.8	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,535	10,580	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,260	3,995	3,270	33.7	37.8	29.9
Education	1,355	220	1,130	6.3	2.1	10.3
13. Education	1,355	220	1,130	6.3	2.1	10.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	420	155	265	2.0	1.5	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	375	140	240	1.7	1.3	2.2
Humanities	540	240	300	2.5	2.3	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	285	135	160	1.3	1.3	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	35	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,010	220	790	4.7	2.1	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	35	85	0.6	0.3	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	25	330	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	125	40	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	205	25	175	1.0	0.2	1.6
45. Social sciences	170	90	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
Business, management and public administration	3,535	1,180	2,355	16.4	11.2	21.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	30	200	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,305	1,145	2,155	15.3	10.8	19.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	195	95	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	345	250	95	1.6	2.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	310	250	55	1.4	2.4	0.5
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,240	3,025	215	15.0	28.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	335	290	45	1.6	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	620	585	35	2.9	5.5	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	815	810	0	3.8	7.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	695	660	35	3.2	6.2	0.3
48. Precision production	695	630	65	3.2	6.0	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	315	160	2.2	3.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330	190	135	1.5	1.8	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	120	25	0.7	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	1,965	320	1,645	9.1	3.0	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,800	245	1,555	8.4	2.3	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,195	560	630	5.5	5.3	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	700	140	555	3.3	1.3	5.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	175	65	1.1	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	240	15	1.2	2.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	21,535	10,580	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,260	3,995	3,270	33.7	37.8	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,275	6,585	7,685	66.3	62.2	70.2
Location of study inside Canada	13,815	6,330	7,490	64.2	59.8	68.4
Same as province or territory of residence	13,665	6,240	7,425	63.5	59.0	67.8
Different than province or territory of residence	150	90	65	0.7	0.9	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	455	260	195	2.1	2.5	1.8
Americas	155	85	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
United States of America	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	135	75	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belgium	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	125	80	50	0.6	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	45	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	36,795	17,750	19,035	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,340	11,345	10,995	...	...	...
Employed	21,330	10,880	10,455	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,010	465	540	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,450	6,405	8,045	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.7	63.9	57.8	60.7	63.9	57.8
Employment rate	58.0	61.3	54.9	58.0	61.3	54.9
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.5	4.1	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	36,790	17,755	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,085	6,115	7,970	38.3	34.4	41.9
Worked	22,705	11,640	11,065	61.7	65.6	58.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,500	6,200	5,300	31.3	34.9	27.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,210	5,445	5,765	30.5	30.7	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.3	41.7	42.0	42.3	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,340	11,345	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	130	220	1.6	1.1	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,980	11,215	10,770	98.4	98.9	98.0
Employee	19,510	9,865	9,650	87.3	87.0	87.8
Permanent position	16,710	8,565	8,145	74.8	75.5	74.1
Temporary position	2,810	1,305	1,510	12.6	11.5	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	830	315	520	3.7	2.8	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,975	990	990	8.8	8.7	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,470	1,350	1,120	11.1	11.9	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,340	11,345	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	130	220	1.6	1.1	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,980	11,215	10,770	98.4	98.9	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	330	225	105	1.5	2.0	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,315	975	2,335	14.8	8.6	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,330	1,055	275	6.0	9.3	2.5
3 Health occupations	1,870	335	1,540	8.4	3.0	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,755	635	2,120	12.3	5.6	19.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	430	215	215	1.9	1.9	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	5,730	2,440	3,285	25.6	21.5	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,800	3,565	235	17.0	31.4	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	450	280	175	2.0	2.5	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,965	1,480	485	8.8	13.0	4.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,340	11,345	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	130	220	1.6	1.1	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	21,980	11,215	10,770	98.4	98.9	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	340	205	135	1.5	1.8	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	50	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	120	105	15	0.5	0.9	0.1
23 Construction	1,480	1,305	175	6.6	11.5	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	4,010	3,020	995	17.9	26.6	9.0
41 Wholesale trade	915	600	310	4.1	5.3	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	3,065	1,400	1,665	13.7	12.3	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	565	460	105	2.5	4.1	1.0
51 Information and cultural industries	175	125	55	0.8	1.1	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	500	175	325	2.2	1.5	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	200	85	110	0.9	0.7	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,245	635	605	5.6	5.6	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	710	440	275	3.2	3.9	2.5
61 Educational services	1,720	395	1,330	7.7	3.5	12.1
62 Health care and social assistance	3,505	580	2,920	15.7	5.1	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	110	105	0.9	1.0	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,405	550	850	6.3	4.8	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,020	535	490	4.6	4.7	4.5
91 Public administration	720	430	295	3.2	3.8	2.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	23,810	12,215	11,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	135	75	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
French	21,700	10,900	10,805	91.1	89.2	93.1
Non-official language	40	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	1,800	1,155	645	7.6	9.5	5.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	15	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	23,810	12,215	11,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,595	12,075	11,520	99.1	98.9	99.3
Official languages	23,550	12,035	11,520	98.9	98.5	99.3
English	355	180	170	1.5	1.5	1.5
French	23,195	11,845	11,345	97.4	97.0	97.8
Non-official languages	50	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	215	140	75	0.9	1.1	0.6
English and French	185	125	60	0.8	1.0	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	23,810	12,215	11,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,080	11,140	10,940	92.7	91.2	94.3
English	1,435	935	495	6.0	7.7	4.3
French	195	105	100	0.8	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,335	10,875	10,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,325	1,085	1,235	10.9	10.0	11.8
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,980	1,490	490	9.3	13.7	4.7
Usual place of work	17,010	8,285	8,725	79.7	76.2	83.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	17,015	8,285	8,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,030	5,370	6,655	70.7	64.8	76.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,225	1,280	940	13.1	15.4	10.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,745	1,620	1,130	16.1	19.6	13.0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,995	9,775	9,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,175	8,870	8,305	90.4	90.7	90.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,245	8,500	7,750	85.5	87.0	84.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	925	370	555	4.9	3.8	6.0
Public transit	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Walked	1,080	465	615	5.7	4.8	6.7
Bicycle	240	190	50	1.3	1.9	0.5
Other method	410	200	210	2.2	2.0	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,995	9,775	9,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,805	5,550	6,250	62.1	56.8	67.8
15 to 29 minutes	4,930	2,715	2,215	26.0	27.8	24.0
30 to 44 minutes	1,155	730	425	6.1	7.5	4.6
45 to 59 minutes	510	325	185	2.7	3.3	2.0
60 minutes and over	600	460	140	3.2	4.7	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,995	9,775	9,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,005	795	210	5.3	8.1	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,320	2,355	960	17.5	24.1	10.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,775	3,210	3,565	35.7	32.8	38.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,895	1,535	2,355	20.5	15.7	25.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,455	510	950	7.7	5.2	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,545	1,375	1,175	13.4	14.1	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,835	4,535	4,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,180	590	590	13.4	13.0	13.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,660	3,945	3,715	86.7	87.0	86.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,490	3,300	3,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	985	495	485	15.2	15.0	15.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	385	400	12.1	11.7	12.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	110	85	3.1	3.3	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,505	2,800	2,705	84.8	84.8	84.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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