Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	162,600	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	149,349	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	65,486	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	63,502	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	190.4	...	...	190.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	854.19	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	162,600	80,370	82,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	30,445	15,580	14,865	18.7	19.4	18.1
0 to 4 years	8,480	4,310	4,165	5.2	5.4	5.1
5 to 9 years	10,600	5,425	5,180	6.5	6.8	6.3
10 to 14 years	11,365	5,845	5,515	7.0	7.3	6.7
15 to 64 years	104,380	51,830	52,550	64.2	64.5	63.9
15 to 19 years	9,925	5,070	4,850	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	7,955	4,105	3,850	4.9	5.1	4.7
25 to 29 years	8,125	4,120	4,005	5.0	5.1	4.9
30 to 34 years	9,100	4,360	4,745	5.6	5.4	5.8
35 to 39 years	10,280	5,000	5,285	6.3	6.2	6.4
40 to 44 years	12,245	5,945	6,295	7.5	7.4	7.7
45 to 49 years	11,840	5,825	6,020	7.3	7.2	7.3
50 to 54 years	11,500	5,785	5,715	7.1	7.2	7.0
55 to 59 years	12,370	6,170	6,200	7.6	7.7	7.5
60 to 64 years	11,045	5,460	5,585	6.8	6.8	6.8
65 years and over	27,775	12,955	14,820	17.1	16.1	18.0
65 to 69 years	9,300	4,520	4,780	5.7	5.6	5.8
70 to 74 years	7,550	3,615	3,935	4.6	4.5	4.8
75 to 79 years	5,205	2,470	2,740	3.2	3.1	3.3
80 to 84 years	3,020	1,395	1,620	1.9	1.7	2.0
85 years and over	2,700	955	1,745	1.7	1.2	2.1
85 to 89 years	1,725	665	1,065	1.1	0.8	1.3
90 to 94 years	735	240	495	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	220	45	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	19.4	18.1	18.7	19.4	18.1
15 to 64 years	64.2	64.5	63.9	64.2	64.5	63.9
65 years and over	17.1	16.1	18.0	17.1	16.1	18.0
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.1	1.7	1.2	2.1
Average age of the population	40.9	40.2	41.6	40.9	40.2	41.6
Median age of the population	42.4	41.6	42.8	42.4	41.6	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,630	...	...	68.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,775	...	...	4.4	...	...
Row house	2,665	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,605	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,800	...	...	18.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	620	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	63,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,775	...	...	24.8	...	...
2 persons	22,035	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	9,950	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	10,435	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	5,305	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	160,390	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	132,155	64,790	67,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	81,955	40,950	41,005	62.0	63.2	60.9
Married	53,035	26,510	26,520	40.1	40.9	39.4
Living common-law	28,925	14,440	14,485	21.9	22.3	21.5
Living common law - Never married	22,530	11,240	11,290	17.0	17.3	16.8
Living common law - Separated	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,475	2,750	2,720	4.1	4.2	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	555	270	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	50,200	23,840	26,360	38.0	36.8	39.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,235	18,425	15,815	25.9	28.4	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,870	845	1,025	1.4	1.3	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,370	3,250	5,120	6.3	5.0	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,725	1,320	4,405	4.3	2.0	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	47,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,825	...	...	48.3	...	...
3 persons	9,865	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	10,280	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,275	...	...	9.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	47,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	40,325	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	25,880	...	...	54.8	...	...
With children⁶	13,920	...	...	29.5	...	...
Without children	11,960	...	...	25.3	...	...
Common-law couples	14,445	...	...	30.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,605	...	...	16.1	...	...
Without children	6,840	...	...	14.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,915	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,890	...	...	10.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,030	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	160,390	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	138,995	69,335	69,655	86.7	87.1	86.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	80,655	40,270	40,385	50.3	50.6	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,920	2,025	4,890	4.3	2.5	6.1
Children⁶	51,425	27,035	24,385	32.1	34.0	30.2
In a two-parent family	40,740	21,245	19,490	25.4	26.7	24.1
In a one-parent family	10,685	5,790	4,895	6.7	7.3	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,395	10,285	11,110	13.3	12.9	13.8
Living alone	15,775	7,530	8,240	9.8	9.5	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,840	1,170	1,665	1.8	1.5	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,780	1,580	1,200	1.7	2.0	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	63,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	43,305	...	...	68.2	...	...
Couple-family households	37,375	...	...	58.9	...	...
With children⁶	20,005	...	...	31.5	...	...
Without children	17,370	...	...	27.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,935	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,425	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	275	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,295	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,425	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	15,775	...	...	24.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	129,950	64,040	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125,965	62,165	63,800	96.9	97.1	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	50,800	40,400	45,200	50,800	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	126,065	62,215	63,850	97.0	97.2	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,200	36,000	39,600	43,200	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,550	58,640	57,910	89.7	91.6	87.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	31,200	38,400	46,000	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,515	50,285	47,230	75.0	78.5	71.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	34,800	40,800	47,200	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,250	45,240	54,010	76.4	70.6	81.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,000	11,400	10,300	9,000	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,990	6,845	7,145	10.8	10.7	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,880	5,640	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,870	19,065	17,805	28.4	29.8	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	129,965	64,055	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,785	62,020	63,765	96.8	96.8	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950	62,700	47,400	54,950	62,700	47,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,875	62,065	63,810	96.9	96.9	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	48,960	39,680	44,280	48,960	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,575	58,610	57,965	89.7	91.5	87.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,050	40,200	49,160	58,050	40,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,515	50,165	47,350	75.0	78.3	71.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	57,050	42,080	49,760	57,050	42,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,110	45,140	53,970	76.3	70.5	81.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,890	10,780	12,820	11,890	10,780	12,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,075	6,915	7,165	10.8	10.8	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,160	5,955	8,320	7,160	5,955	8,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,585	18,885	17,695	28.1	29.5	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,020	7,640	8,420	8,020	7,640	8,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	129,965	64,055	65,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	49,760	26,940	22,820	38.3	42.1	34.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	69,500	56,400	62,800	69,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,200	81,300	63,750	73,200	81,300	63,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,540	17,910	19,625	28.9	28.0	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,000	17,000	19,000	22,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,360	33,080	24,040	28,360	33,080	24,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.4	77.0	83.0	87.4	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	73.6	66.0	70.2	73.6	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	12.5	22.9	17.0	12.5	22.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.0	1.5	1.1	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.8	4.9	4.1	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.7	4.9	4.2	3.7	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	129,945	64,040	65,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,985	1,875	2,105	3.1	2.9	3.2
With total income	125,965	62,160	63,805	96.9	97.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,965	3,825	5,140	7.1	6.2	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,275	5,255	8,015	10.5	8.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	17,540	7,455	10,085	13.9	12.0	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,050	6,705	8,340	11.9	10.8	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	15,320	7,210	8,110	12.2	11.6	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	13,195	6,435	6,760	10.5	10.4	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	10,450	5,545	4,905	8.3	8.9	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	7,915	4,420	3,495	6.3	7.1	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	6,295	3,565	2,730	5.0	5.7	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	4,845	2,755	2,090	3.8	4.4	3.3
$100,000 and over	13,120	9,000	4,125	10.4	14.5	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	9,130	6,065	3,060	7.2	9.8	4.8
$150,000 and over	3,995	2,930	1,060	3.2	4.7	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	129,945	64,040	65,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,885	1,830	2,055	3.0	2.9	3.1
With after-tax income	126,070	62,210	63,855	97.0	97.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,705	4,055	5,650	7.7	6.5	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	14,120	5,680	8,440	11.2	9.1	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	20,660	8,925	11,730	16.4	14.3	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	19,475	9,130	10,340	15.4	14.7	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	19,090	9,410	9,675	15.1	15.1	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	14,290	7,595	6,690	11.3	12.2	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	10,075	5,630	4,445	8.0	9.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,755	3,765	2,990	5.4	6.1	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,145	2,595	1,550	3.3	4.2	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	1,595	825	1.9	2.6	1.3
$100,000 and over	5,340	3,830	1,515	4.2	6.2	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,830	1,975	855	2.2	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,510	1,855	655	2.0	3.0	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	129,945	64,040	65,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,435	13,755	18,680	25.0	21.5	28.3
With employment income	97,515	50,285	47,230	75.0	78.5	71.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,295	6,100	6,195	12.6	12.1	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	7,325	3,195	4,130	7.5	6.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,810	4,735	6,080	11.1	9.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,670	3,770	4,905	8.9	7.5	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,790	4,030	4,755	9.0	8.0	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,440	4,515	4,925	9.7	9.0	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,410	4,300	4,105	8.6	8.6	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,050	3,970	3,075	7.2	7.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,745	3,375	2,370	5.9	6.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,230	2,840	2,385	5.4	5.6	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,495	2,215	1,275	3.6	4.4	2.7
$100,000 and over	10,255	7,225	3,030	10.5	14.4	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,950	3,325	1,630	5.1	6.6	3.5
$125,000 and over	5,305	3,905	1,405	5.4	7.8	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	129,950	64,040	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	123,410	60,805	62,605	95.0	94.9	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,400	38,000	43,600	50,400	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	123,475	60,815	62,655	95.0	95.0	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	114,915	57,775	57,135	88.4	90.2	86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	32,800	39,600	47,600	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,360	50,050	47,315	74.9	78.2	71.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,600	41,600	48,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,945	38,560	49,385	67.7	60.2	74.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	4,440	8,300	6,850	4,440	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,305	6,080	6,225	9.5	9.5	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,520	5,760	5,000	4,520	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	129,965	64,055	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,325	60,775	62,550	94.9	94.9	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,000	61,500	44,720	53,000	61,500	44,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,410	60,780	62,630	95.0	94.9	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	48,120	37,280	42,600	48,120	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	114,850	57,735	57,110	88.4	90.1	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	59,500	40,400	50,000	59,500	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,110	49,940	47,165	74.7	78.0	71.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	58,150	42,280	50,440	58,150	42,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,800	38,350	49,445	67.6	59.9	75.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,030	7,890	9,900	9,030	7,890	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,080	5,885	6,195	9.3	9.2	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	5,695	9,160	7,470	5,695	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	129,965	64,055	65,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	49,620	26,825	22,790	38.2	41.9	34.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	66,500	52,000	59,600	66,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	78,400	59,250	69,600	78,400	59,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,375	16,850	18,525	27.2	26.3	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,000	22,600	25,000	29,000	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,080	39,920	28,800	34,080	39,920	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	92.0	82.4	87.8	92.0	82.4
Employment income (%)	75.0	77.6	71.2	75.0	77.6	71.2
Government transfers (%)	12.1	8.1	17.5	12.1	8.1	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	63,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	47,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	63,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,150	...	...	53,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,440	...	...	43,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	47,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,300	...	...	127,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	63,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	720	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,040	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,605	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,535	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,985	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,165	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,295	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,405	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,365	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,120	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,085	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	28,845	...	...	45.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,570	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,625	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,720	...	...	12.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,930	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	63,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	775	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,205	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,975	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,610	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,735	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,730	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,640	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,375	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,255	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,050	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,555	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,480	...	...	33.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,000	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,585	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,900	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	46,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,555	9,115	9,445	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	47,600	40,400	43,600	47,600	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,800	35,600	38,000	40,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	46,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,200	...	...	86,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,555	8,940	9,610	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,650	56,000	47,600	51,650	56,000	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,320	44,800	40,040	42,320	44,800	40,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	160,385	79,615	80,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	36,680	18,770	17,910	22.9	23.6	22.2
0 to 5 years	10,490	5,380	5,115	6.5	6.8	6.3
18 to 64 years	97,845	48,465	49,380	61.0	60.9	61.1
65 years and over	25,865	12,390	13,475	16.1	15.6	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,715	4,885	5,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,100	1,070	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	665	335	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,280	2,575	2,705	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,335	1,240	2,095	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.7	6.1	7.2	6.7	6.1	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.3	5.5
65 years and over (%)	12.9	10.0	15.5	12.9	10.0	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	160,390	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	36,685	18,770	17,915	22.9	23.6	22.2
0 to 5 years	10,490	5,375	5,110	6.5	6.8	6.3
18 to 64 years	97,840	48,460	49,375	61.0	60.9	61.1
65 years and over	25,865	12,385	13,480	16.1	15.6	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,000	1,930	2,070	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	695	340	355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	95	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,560	1,325	1,235	...	...	...
65 years and over	745	265	480	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.1	3.6	2.9	2.1	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	75,095	36,325	38,775	46.8	45.6	48.0
In bottom decile	8,845	4,125	4,725	5.5	5.2	5.9
In second decile	12,465	5,770	6,695	7.8	7.2	8.3
In third decile	16,050	7,770	8,285	10.0	9.8	10.3
In fourth decile	18,365	9,025	9,340	11.5	11.3	11.6
In fifth decile	19,370	9,630	9,740	12.1	12.1	12.1
In top half of the distribution	85,290	43,295	41,995	53.2	54.4	52.0
In sixth decile	19,970	10,025	9,945	12.5	12.6	12.3
In seventh decile	19,140	9,725	9,415	11.9	12.2	11.7
In eighth decile	18,315	9,350	8,960	11.4	11.7	11.1
In ninth decile	15,900	8,080	7,820	9.9	10.1	9.7
In top decile	11,970	6,110	5,855	7.5	7.7	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	160,390	...	...	160,390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	161,090	79,930	81,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,210	8,215	7,990	10.1	10.3	9.8
French only	39,635	18,785	20,850	24.6	23.5	25.7
English and French	104,120	52,445	51,675	64.6	65.6	63.7
Neither English nor French	1,130	475	650	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	161,090	79,930	81,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,800	25,350	25,445	31.5	31.7	31.3
French	101,340	50,220	51,120	62.9	62.8	63.0
English and French	7,885	3,910	3,980	4.9	4.9	4.9
Neither English nor French	1,070	445	625	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	161,090	79,930	81,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	152,590	75,700	76,890	94.7	94.7	94.7
Official languages	131,950	65,535	66,415	81.9	82.0	81.8
English	37,135	18,490	18,645	23.1	23.1	23.0
French	94,820	47,045	47,775	58.9	58.9	58.9
Non-official languages	20,640	10,165	10,475	12.8	12.7	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,600	10,150	10,450	12.8	12.7	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,485	1,285	1,205	1.5	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,220	1,155	1,060	1.4	1.4	1.3
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,160	1,130	1,030	1.3	1.4	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	115	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	40	45	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	195	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	785	320	465	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645	265	380	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	460	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	305	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	685	325	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	605	280	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,005	6,970	7,030	8.7	8.7	8.7
Albanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,865	1,345	1,520	1.8	1.7	1.9
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,835	1,340	1,500	1.8	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	770	340	430	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	1,430	670	760	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	765	380	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	580	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	545	265	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	465	255	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	3,685	1,890	1,795	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,115	1,585	1,530	1.9	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	220	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,025	1,040	985	1.3	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	565	275	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	575	305	270	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	510	260	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	445	225	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,070	3,025	3,045	3.8	3.8	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,335	730	605	0.8	0.9	0.7
Portuguese	635	310	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	1,480	710	775	0.9	0.9	1.0
Spanish	2,605	1,275	1,335	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	965	445	520	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	965	445	520	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	760	350	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	200	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,505	4,230	4,270	5.3	5.3	5.3
English and French	5,180	2,585	2,590	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,500	750	750	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	850	420	430	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	740	370	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	235	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	161,090	79,930	81,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,420	18,750	18,670	23.2	23.5	23.0
French	84,750	42,095	42,650	52.6	52.7	52.5
Non-official language	5,720	2,785	2,940	3.6	3.5	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,715	2,780	2,935	3.5	3.5	3.6
English and French	17,710	8,715	8,990	11.0	10.9	11.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,680	2,860	2,820	3.5	3.6	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	2,970	1,390	1,585	1.8	1.7	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,470	3,160	3,310	4.0	4.0	4.1
Multiple non-official languages	380	170	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	161,090	79,930	81,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	152,175	75,640	76,535	94.5	94.6	94.3
Official languages	141,435	70,390	71,045	87.8	88.1	87.5
English	47,810	23,900	23,905	29.7	29.9	29.5
French	93,625	46,490	47,135	58.1	58.2	58.1
Non-official languages	10,735	5,245	5,495	6.7	6.6	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,735	5,245	5,490	6.7	6.6	6.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,100	545	550	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	990	495	495	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	970	485	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	165	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	505	240	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	445	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,470	3,655	3,815	4.6	4.6	4.7
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,670	800	870	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,665	800	865	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	135	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,025	500	525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,755	1,375	1,380	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,375	1,185	1,195	1.5	1.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,675	850	830	1.0	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	405	190	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	375	195	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	340	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,810	1,370	1,440	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	945	465	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,545	770	780	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	670	325	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	670	325	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	595	290	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,920	4,290	4,630	5.5	5.4	5.7
English and French	4,910	2,380	2,530	3.0	3.0	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,830	885	940	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,120	530	590	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	970	445	525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	161,095	79,930	81,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	135,005	67,035	67,970	83.8	83.9	83.7
English	9,025	4,500	4,525	5.6	5.6	5.6
French	7,980	3,880	4,095	5.0	4.9	5.0
Non-official language	4,280	2,095	2,185	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,260	2,090	2,175	2.6	2.6	2.7
English and French	1,405	715	690	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,175	590	585	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	1,740	855	885	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	330	180	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	159,215	79,100	80,115	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	119,960	60,555	59,410	74.8	76.1	73.6
French	143,125	70,870	72,255	89.2	89.0	89.5
Non-official languages	32,575	15,750	16,825	20.3	19.8	20.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	32,520	15,735	16,790	20.3	19.8	20.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,265	2,175	2,090	2.7	2.7	2.6
Berber languages	310	150	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,075	2,095	1,985	2.5	2.6	2.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,805	1,965	1,840	2.4	2.5	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	270	115	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	400	155	240	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	300	110	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,345	550	785	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,230	490	740	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	915	440	475	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian Creole	630	290	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	835	400	435	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	760	355	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,595	10,940	11,665	14.1	13.7	14.4
Albanian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	3,600	1,720	1,880	2.2	2.2	2.3
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,550	1,700	1,845	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	225	125	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	835	405	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	2,155	1,015	1,140	1.3	1.3	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	170	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,835	950	880	1.1	1.2	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,590	855	740	1.0	1.1	0.9
German	1,545	825	715	1.0	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	210	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	825	385	440	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	4,815	2,445	2,370	3.0	3.1	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	4,040	2,055	1,990	2.5	2.6	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	415	230	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	1,165	595	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,565	1,310	1,255	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	985	475	510	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	820	420	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	735	375	355	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dari	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	650	335	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,365	5,845	6,525	7.7	7.3	8.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,970	1,485	1,485	1.9	1.9	1.8
Portuguese	1,035	495	545	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	1,760	865	900	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	7,515	3,370	4,145	4.7	4.2	5.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	960	510	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	185	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,305	625	670	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	1,295	620	675	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,085	515	570	0.7	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	240	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	290	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	175	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	290	165	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,450	1,255	1,195	1.5	1.6	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,275	1,170	1,105	1.4	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,350	700	645	0.8	0.9	0.8
Métis	815	410	410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	157,935	78,365	79,575	98.5	98.4	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	475	230	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	159,910	79,385	80,520	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	50,780	...	...	80.0	...	...
Renter	12,725	...	...	20.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,775	...	...	12.2	...	...
Not condominium	55,725	...	...	87.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,995	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,630	...	...	27.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,380	...	...	36.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,390	...	...	29.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,155	...	...	22.3	...	...
5 rooms	9,175	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	8,790	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	8,850	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	22,530	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	63,005	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	495	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	62,015	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,485	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,940	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,530	...	...	19.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,370	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,170	...	...	12.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	7,215	...	...	11.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,660	...	...	12.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,330	...	...	8.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,290	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	60,355	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,145	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,345	...	...	47.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	31,530	...	...	49.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,625	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	790	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,380	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	12,205	...	...	19.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	13,405	...	...	21.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,680	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,930	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,860	...	...	7.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,250	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	63,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	54,145	...	...	85.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,965	...	...	14.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,285	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	63,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,870	...	...	20.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,315	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,290	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,530	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	530	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	50,635	...	...	79.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,625	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	59,805	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	50,550	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.8	...	...	69.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,374	...	...	1,374	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,400	...	...	452,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,018	...	...	1,018	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	160,390	79,615	80,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,465	745	720	0.9	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,385	700	680	0.9	0.9	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,130	590	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	200	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,005	1,920	2,090	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,970	1,910	2,060	2.5	2.4	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,390	1,640	1,755	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	495	230	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	154,915	76,960	77,960	96.6	96.7	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	160,385	79,620	80,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	154,635	76,790	77,840	96.4	96.4	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	35,940	18,435	17,505	22.4	23.2	21.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	118,690	58,360	60,330	74.0	73.3	74.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,755	2,825	2,930	3.6	3.5	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	160,385	79,620	80,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	136,315	67,600	68,720	85.0	84.9	85.1
Immigrants⁸¹	23,020	11,380	11,640	14.4	14.3	14.4
Before 1980	3,940	2,120	1,820	2.5	2.7	2.3
1980 to 1990	2,370	1,220	1,155	1.5	1.5	1.4
1991 to 2000	4,030	1,910	2,120	2.5	2.4	2.6
2001 to 2010	6,975	3,365	3,610	4.3	4.2	4.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,705	2,770	2,935	3.6	3.5	3.6
2011 to 2015	3,350	1,630	1,720	2.1	2.0	2.1
2016 to 2021	2,355	1,140	1,215	1.5	1.4	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,045	640	405	0.7	0.8	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	23,020	11,380	11,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,430	1,195	1,235	10.6	10.5	10.6
5 to 14 years	4,155	2,225	1,925	18.0	19.6	16.5
15 to 24 years	4,065	1,880	2,190	17.7	16.5	18.8
25 to 44 years	10,865	5,415	5,455	47.2	47.6	46.9
45 years and over	1,500	665	840	6.5	5.8	7.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	23,020	11,380	11,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,195	1,995	2,200	18.2	17.5	18.9
Brazil	135	60	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	465	205	260	2.0	1.8	2.2
El Salvador	115	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Guyana	150	55	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
Haiti	550	235	315	2.4	2.1	2.7
Jamaica	155	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mexico	455	215	245	2.0	1.9	2.1
Peru	240	120	120	1.0	1.1	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	165	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	655	325	330	2.8	2.9	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	1,115	575	540	4.8	5.1	4.6
Europe	7,580	3,865	3,715	32.9	34.0	31.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
France	1,120	595	530	4.9	5.2	4.6
Germany	410	245	165	1.8	2.2	1.4
Greece	110	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hungary	105	70	40	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	485	275	205	2.1	2.4	1.8
Netherlands	105	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Poland	445	220	220	1.9	1.9	1.9
Portugal	250	135	115	1.1	1.2	1.0
Romania	1,035	520	520	4.5	4.6	4.5
Russian Federation	335	135	205	1.5	1.2	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ukraine	380	165	210	1.7	1.4	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,100	540	560	4.8	4.7	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	1,600	780	820	7.0	6.9	7.0
Africa	3,665	1,895	1,775	15.9	16.7	15.2
Algeria	500	245	250	2.2	2.2	2.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	175	95	75	0.8	0.8	0.6
Egypt	920	470	450	4.0	4.1	3.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	535	260	275	2.3	2.3	2.4
Nigeria	90	60	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	715	640	5.9	6.3	5.5
Asia	7,555	3,610	3,945	32.8	31.7	33.9
Afghanistan	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	495	280	220	2.2	2.5	1.9
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	430	265	160	1.9	2.3	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Turkey	140	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	765	350	415	3.3	3.1	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,170	435	735	5.1	3.8	6.3
Viet Nam	185	65	120	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bangladesh	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
India	1,945	970	970	8.4	8.5	8.3
Pakistan	555	285	275	2.4	2.5	2.4
Sri Lanka	465	230	235	2.0	2.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,080	515	570	4.7	4.5	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,355	1,135	1,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	350	170	175	14.9	15.0	14.4
Brazil	40	20	20	1.7	1.8	1.6
Colombia	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Haiti	45	0	45	1.9	0.0	3.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	20	20	1.7	1.8	1.6
United States of America	95	60	35	4.0	5.3	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	105	65	40	4.5	5.7	3.3
Europe	430	215	215	18.3	18.9	17.7
France	95	50	45	4.0	4.4	3.7
Germany	20	15	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	0	10	0.8	0.0	0.8
Russian Federation	25	0	25	1.1	0.0	2.1
Ukraine	70	35	35	3.0	3.1	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	30	2.8	3.5	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	135	65	70	5.7	5.7	5.8
Africa	385	205	185	16.3	18.1	15.2
Algeria	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.2
Burundi	25	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.6
Cameroon	80	40	35	3.4	3.5	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	25	15	1.7	2.2	1.2
Egypt	105	60	40	4.5	5.3	3.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Nigeria	30	25	0	1.3	2.2	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	1.5	0.9	2.1
Asia	1,195	545	650	50.7	48.0	53.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	65	100	7.2	5.7	8.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	420	210	210	17.8	18.5	17.3
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	25	2.1	2.2	2.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	25	15	1.5	2.2	1.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	85	45	40	3.6	4.0	3.3
Philippines	235	110	125	10.0	9.7	10.3
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15	1.5	1.3	1.2
Turkey	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	0	25	1.3	0.0	2.1
Other places of birth in Asia	45	0	45	1.9	0.0	3.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,305	12,685	12,620	15.8	15.9	15.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,030	12,110	11,920	15.0	15.2	14.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	111,050	54,825	56,220	69.2	68.9	69.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	19,080	9,260	9,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,625	5,445	5,180	55.7	58.8	52.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,475	2,730	1,745	23.5	29.5	17.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,145	2,715	3,430	32.2	29.3	34.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,610	2,320	3,290	29.4	25.1	33.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,530	1,345	1,195	13.3	14.5	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	315	150	165	1.7	1.6	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	19,080	9,260	9,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,900	1,105	795	10.0	11.9	8.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,870	855	1,015	9.8	9.2	10.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	440	215	225	2.3	2.3	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	690	370	315	3.6	4.0	3.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	35	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,075	6,680	7,395	73.8	72.1	75.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,465	11,715	11,750	14.6	14.7	14.5
South Asian	5,650	2,830	2,820	3.5	3.6	3.5
Chinese	1,620	745	875	1.0	0.9	1.1
Black	5,555	2,865	2,685	3.5	3.6	3.3
Filipino	2,125	955	1,175	1.3	1.2	1.5
Arab	2,865	1,470	1,390	1.8	1.8	1.7
Latin American	2,520	1,310	1,205	1.6	1.6	1.5
Southeast Asian	865	355	515	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	745	380	360	0.5	0.5	0.4
Korean	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	290	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	875	465	410	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	136,920	67,900	69,020	85.4	85.3	85.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	160,385	79,620	80,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	43,120	21,190	21,930	26.9	26.6	27.2
English	9,415	4,685	4,730	5.9	5.9	5.9
Irish	16,185	7,900	8,285	10.1	9.9	10.3
Scottish	9,945	4,680	5,265	6.2	5.9	6.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35,390	17,725	17,670	22.1	22.3	21.9
German	5,075	2,620	2,450	3.2	3.3	3.0
Chinese	1,940	875	1,070	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italian	9,595	4,830	4,760	6.0	6.1	5.9
Indian (India)	3,035	1,595	1,435	1.9	2.0	1.8
Ukrainian	2,005	950	1,055	1.3	1.2	1.3
Dutch	1,175	610	570	0.7	0.8	0.7
Polish	3,035	1,400	1,640	1.9	1.8	2.0
Québécois	14,145	6,945	7,200	8.8	8.7	8.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,730	1,285	1,450	1.7	1.6	1.8
Filipino	1,895	825	1,075	1.2	1.0	1.3
French Canadian	10,085	5,045	5,035	6.3	6.3	6.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,680	1,295	1,385	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,355	1,150	1,205	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis	815	370	445	0.5	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,170	1,055	1,115	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian	1,805	885	920	1.1	1.1	1.1
Norwegian	390	155	240	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	765	370	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	1,750	875	880	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	1,190	515	680	0.7	0.6	0.8
Spanish	2,050	925	1,125	1.3	1.2	1.4
Swedish	220	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,035	595	440	0.6	0.7	0.5
Acadian	1,605	760	850	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	915	445	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,110	560	550	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	945	460	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	710	360	350	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	530	220	305	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	965	510	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Greek	1,860	910	950	1.2	1.1	1.2
Jamaican	470	230	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	315	140	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,905	995	910	1.2	1.2	1.1
Lebanese	1,305	735	570	0.8	0.9	0.7
Iranian	675	360	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,740	885	855	1.1	1.1	1.1
Danish	270	180	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450	205	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	510	255	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	570	290	275	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belgian	1,320	645	680	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	1,065	470	595	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hindu	380	185	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	740	360	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	880	465	410	0.5	0.6	0.5
Finnish	235	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lankan	570	260	310	0.4	0.3	0.4
Croatian	230	120	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	315	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	1,585	820	760	1.0	1.0	0.9
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	465	220	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	690	325	365	0.4	0.4	0.5
Moroccan	745	345	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
Czech	205	125	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syrian	335	185	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	215	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afghan	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	180	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	360	190	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	300	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	75	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	450	245	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Brazilian	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	80	60	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	620	295	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slovak	245	110	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	245	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	350	145	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	225	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	290	180	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	240	125	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	235	135	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	340	175	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	375	170	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	195	140	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	290	155	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
African American	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	205	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	365	190	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	155	140	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	155	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	455	220	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	120	35	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	235	125	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	60	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	225	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	430	185	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	210	80	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	225	120	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	80	50	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	70	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	160,385	79,620	80,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	505	215	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	105,975	51,125	54,855	66.1	64.2	67.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,730	4,390	4,340	5.4	5.5	5.4
Anabaptist	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,355	1,075	1,280	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baptist	565	235	325	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	83,350	40,180	43,165	52.0	50.5	53.4
Christian Orthodox	4,530	2,200	2,330	2.8	2.8	2.9
Jehovah's Witness	430	180	255	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	660	310	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	465	235	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,180	530	650	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,195	1,525	1,665	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hindu	1,905	940	965	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jewish	1,350	675	680	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	4,910	2,490	2,420	3.1	3.1	3.0
Sikh	2,000	1,005	995	1.2	1.3	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	425	165	260	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	43,305	23,000	20,300	27.0	28.9	25.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	158,825	78,835	79,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	142,560	71,005	71,555	89.8	90.1	89.4
Movers	16,265	7,825	8,440	10.2	9.9	10.6
Non-migrants	5,110	2,405	2,705	3.2	3.1	3.4
Migrants	11,155	5,420	5,735	7.0	6.9	7.2
Internal migrants	10,805	5,240	5,570	6.8	6.6	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	10,315	4,995	5,325	6.5	6.3	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	485	245	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	350	185	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	151,920	75,350	76,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,400	47,395	47,005	62.1	62.9	61.4
Movers	57,525	27,950	29,570	37.9	37.1	38.6
Non-migrants	10,555	5,115	5,440	6.9	6.8	7.1
Migrants	46,970	22,845	24,130	30.9	30.3	31.5
Internal migrants	44,390	21,530	22,855	29.2	28.6	29.8
Intraprovincial migrants	42,305	20,535	21,770	27.8	27.3	28.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,085	995	1,090	1.4	1.3	1.4
External migrants	2,580	1,310	1,270	1.7	1.7	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	129,965	64,055	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,500	12,555	9,945	17.3	19.6	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	107,465	51,500	55,965	82.7	80.4	84.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,230	42,380	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,375	5,870	3,510	10.9	13.9	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,850	36,515	40,335	89.1	86.2	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	129,960	64,055	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,095	10,885	9,210	15.5	17.0	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,830	15,845	15,985	24.5	24.7	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	78,035	37,330	40,705	60.0	58.3	61.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	49,200	24,920	24,280	37.9	38.9	36.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,910	11,720	7,190	14.6	18.3	10.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,580	7,465	6,115	10.4	11.7	9.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,330	4,260	1,075	4.1	6.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,965	11,285	14,680	20.0	17.6	22.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,325	1,915	2,405	3.3	3.0	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,840	12,410	16,430	22.2	19.4	24.9
Bachelor's degree	19,925	8,375	11,550	15.3	13.1	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,460	1,035	1,425	1.9	1.6	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	285	355	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	4,930	2,245	2,690	3.8	3.5	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	895	480	415	0.7	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,225	42,380	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,800	4,775	3,025	9.0	11.3	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,490	9,085	8,410	20.3	21.4	19.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,940	28,525	32,415	70.7	67.3	73.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,930	18,745	18,185	42.8	44.2	41.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,650	8,925	5,720	17.0	21.1	13.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,635	5,710	4,925	12.3	13.5	11.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,010	3,220	795	4.7	7.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,010	8,325	10,690	22.0	19.6	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,265	1,490	1,775	3.8	3.5	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,010	9,785	14,230	27.8	23.1	32.5
Bachelor's degree	16,625	6,675	9,950	19.3	15.8	22.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,080	820	1,255	2.4	1.9	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	185	305	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	4,175	1,805	2,375	4.8	4.3	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	650	300	345	0.8	0.7	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	129,965	64,055	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,925	26,725	25,205	40.0	41.7	38.2
Education	5,340	1,030	4,310	4.1	1.6	6.5
13. Education	5,340	1,030	4,310	4.1	1.6	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,970	1,175	1,795	2.3	1.8	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	300	115	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,560	875	1,680	2.0	1.4	2.5
Humanities	4,250	1,470	2,775	3.3	2.3	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	750	95	655	0.6	0.1	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	380	100	280	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,130	805	1,325	1.6	1.3	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	310	205	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	355	90	260	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,515	2,580	5,935	6.6	4.0	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	920	250	670	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,670	115	1,555	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,065	355	710	0.8	0.6	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,150	200	955	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	3,510	1,615	1,895	2.7	2.5	2.9
Business, management and public administration	17,710	6,530	11,180	13.6	10.2	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685	150	535	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,005	6,380	10,620	13.1	10.0	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,610	1,770	1,840	2.8	2.8	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,260	440	820	1.0	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	785	380	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	325	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,080	710	375	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,125	2,110	1,010	2.4	3.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,640	1,915	725	2.0	3.0	1.1
25. Library science	200	25	170	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,635	15,195	1,445	12.8	23.7	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	505	290	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,535	2,915	620	2.7	4.6	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,710	3,415	300	2.9	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,955	2,855	100	2.3	4.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,050	3,905	140	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,885	1,815	70	1.5	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	710	835	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,315	565	745	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	8,510	1,585	6,925	6.5	2.5	10.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	720	345	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,605	1,145	6,460	5.9	1.8	9.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,820	3,165	2,660	4.5	4.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,815	625	2,195	2.2	1.0	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,365	1,080	280	1.1	1.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,585	1,410	170	1.2	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,230	42,380	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,290	13,855	11,435	29.3	32.7	26.1
Education	3,965	670	3,290	4.6	1.6	7.5
13. Education	3,965	670	3,290	4.6	1.6	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,325	895	1,425	2.7	2.1	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	200	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,035	695	1,335	2.4	1.6	3.0
Humanities	2,855	925	1,930	3.3	2.2	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	575	65	510	0.7	0.2	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	275	65	210	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,325	485	845	1.5	1.1	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	235	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195	50	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,815	1,920	4,895	7.9	4.5	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	785	195	590	0.9	0.5	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,460	90	1,370	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	810	240	575	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	935	155	780	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,670	1,210	1,460	3.1	2.9	3.3
Business, management and public administration	14,150	5,030	9,115	16.4	11.9	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	110	415	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,615	4,920	8,695	15.8	11.6	19.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,450	1,180	1,270	2.8	2.8	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,020	335	695	1.2	0.8	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	365	170	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	875	570	305	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,605	1,770	830	3.0	4.2	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,260	1,650	610	2.6	3.9	1.4
25. Library science	155	20	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,145	11,865	1,280	15.2	28.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	400	225	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	3,050	2,465	585	3.5	5.8	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,825	2,590	235	3.3	6.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,255	2,170	85	2.6	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,150	3,015	130	3.7	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,470	1,400	65	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	560	730	1.5	1.3	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,105	440	665	1.3	1.0	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,685	1,220	5,470	7.8	2.9	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	565	255	315	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,990	915	5,075	6.9	2.2	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,645	2,485	2,165	5.4	5.9	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,285	480	1,800	2.6	1.1	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,080	850	225	1.3	2.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,235	1,100	135	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	86,230	42,380	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,290	13,855	11,435	29.3	32.7	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	60,940	28,525	32,415	70.7	67.3	73.9
Location of study inside Canada	53,450	24,855	28,595	62.0	58.6	65.2
Same as province or territory of residence	50,320	23,325	26,995	58.4	55.0	61.6
Different than province or territory of residence	3,125	1,530	1,600	3.6	3.6	3.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,490	3,670	3,820	8.7	8.7	8.7
Americas	1,550	815	735	1.8	1.9	1.7
United States of America	595	330	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
Mexico	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,660	1,365	1,295	3.1	3.2	3.0
Belgium	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	635	385	250	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	230	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	430	210	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	385	205	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	1,125	570	555	1.3	1.3	1.3
Nigeria	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	50	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	385	195	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	285	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	2,135	920	1,215	2.5	2.2	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	315	145	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	425	170	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	570	255	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistan	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	155	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australia	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	129,960	64,055	65,910	...	...	...
In the labour force	89,915	46,405	43,510	...	...	...
Employed	84,250	43,425	40,825	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,665	2,985	2,680	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	40,045	17,650	22,400	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.2	72.4	66.0	69.2	72.4	66.0
Employment rate	64.8	67.8	61.9	64.8	67.8	61.9
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.4	6.2	6.3	6.4	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	129,965	64,055	65,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,470	17,325	22,150	30.4	27.0	33.6
Worked	90,495	46,730	43,765	69.6	73.0	66.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	51,010	27,760	23,250	39.2	43.3	35.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	39,485	18,975	20,515	30.4	29.6	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.0	41.6	42.3	43.0	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	89,915	46,405	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	665	665	1.5	1.4	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	88,580	45,740	42,845	98.5	98.6	98.5
Employee	76,610	38,185	38,425	85.2	82.3	88.3
Permanent position	66,630	33,640	32,985	74.1	72.5	75.8
Temporary position	9,985	4,545	5,440	11.1	9.8	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,100	1,130	1,965	3.4	2.4	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,880	3,410	3,470	7.7	7.3	8.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,975	7,550	4,425	13.3	16.3	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	89,915	46,405	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	665	665	1.5	1.4	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	88,580	45,740	42,845	98.5	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,950	1,485	470	2.2	3.2	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,725	4,985	11,735	18.6	10.7	27.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,770	5,810	1,960	8.6	12.5	4.5
3 Health occupations	6,070	890	5,180	6.8	1.9	11.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,115	2,610	7,500	11.2	5.6	17.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,485	1,020	1,465	2.8	2.2	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	22,210	10,310	11,895	24.7	22.2	27.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,875	14,545	1,335	17.7	31.3	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,590	1,300	290	1.8	2.8	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,795	2,785	1,015	4.2	6.0	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	89,915	46,405	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	665	665	1.5	1.4	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	88,580	45,740	42,845	98.5	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,175	820	355	1.3	1.8	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	265	225	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	675	480	195	0.8	1.0	0.4
23 Construction	6,280	5,260	1,020	7.0	11.3	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	9,760	6,690	3,075	10.9	14.4	7.1
41 Wholesale trade	6,190	3,640	2,550	6.9	7.8	5.9
44-45 Retail trade	10,615	5,110	5,505	11.8	11.0	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,250	5,095	2,160	8.1	11.0	5.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,515	945	565	1.7	2.0	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	2,920	1,165	1,750	3.2	2.5	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,275	685	590	1.4	1.5	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,540	3,895	3,645	8.4	8.4	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,420	2,100	1,325	3.8	4.5	3.0
61 Educational services	6,490	1,580	4,910	7.2	3.4	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	9,945	1,445	8,500	11.1	3.1	19.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,450	785	665	1.6	1.7	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	4,180	1,945	2,235	4.6	4.2	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,485	1,705	1,780	3.9	3.7	4.1
91 Public administration	4,025	2,130	1,895	4.5	4.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	95,670	49,270	46,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,170	7,685	6,485	14.8	15.6	14.0
French	35,640	18,230	17,415	37.3	37.0	37.5
Non-official language	195	145	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	145	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	44,020	22,415	21,605	46.0	45.5	46.6
English and non-official language(s)	480	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,055	455	595	1.1	0.9	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	95,670	49,270	46,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,005	43,900	41,105	88.9	89.1	88.6
Official languages	84,655	43,670	40,980	88.5	88.6	88.3
English	28,850	15,040	13,810	30.2	30.5	29.8
French	55,805	28,635	27,170	58.3	58.1	58.6
Non-official languages	350	225	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	350	225	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	275	185	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	105	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	100	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,660	5,370	5,295	11.1	10.9	11.4
English and French	10,325	5,200	5,125	10.8	10.6	11.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	95,670	49,270	46,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,290	31,290	29,000	63.0	63.5	62.5
English	19,945	10,280	9,665	20.8	20.9	20.8
French	14,195	7,095	7,100	14.8	14.4	15.3
Non-official language	590	285	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	285	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	84,255	43,425	40,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,975	9,125	9,855	22.5	21.0	24.1
Worked outside Canada	145	110	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,585	7,260	2,325	11.4	16.7	5.7
Usual place of work	55,550	26,935	28,615	65.9	62.0	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	55,550	26,935	28,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,975	4,790	6,185	19.8	17.8	21.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	14,480	6,390	8,095	26.1	23.7	28.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	29,300	15,375	13,930	52.7	57.1	48.7
Commute to a different province or territory	795	385	410	1.4	1.4	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	65,135	34,190	30,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	60,790	32,210	28,580	93.3	94.2	92.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	57,465	30,850	26,610	88.2	90.2	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,325	1,355	1,970	5.1	4.0	6.4
Public transit	1,485	550	930	2.3	1.6	3.0
Walked	1,380	590	795	2.1	1.7	2.6
Bicycle	455	345	110	0.7	1.0	0.4
Other method	1,025	495	525	1.6	1.4	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	65,135	34,190	30,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,215	6,955	8,255	23.4	20.3	26.7
15 to 29 minutes	23,250	11,475	11,770	35.7	33.6	38.0
30 to 44 minutes	15,730	9,240	6,490	24.1	27.0	21.0
45 to 59 minutes	6,195	3,645	2,550	9.5	10.7	8.2
60 minutes and over	4,750	2,875	1,875	7.3	8.4	6.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	65,135	34,190	30,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,875	4,545	1,325	9.0	13.3	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,110	8,325	4,795	20.1	24.3	15.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,920	8,215	9,700	27.5	24.0	31.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,200	4,895	7,310	18.7	14.3	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,585	2,735	3,845	10.1	8.0	12.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,440	5,475	3,970	14.5	16.0	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	37,375	19,120	18,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,670	6,900	6,770	36.6	36.1	37.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,705	12,220	11,485	63.4	63.9	62.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	28,215	14,450	13,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,350	5,255	5,100	36.7	36.4	37.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	8,280	4,210	4,075	29.3	29.1	29.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,070	1,050	1,020	7.3	7.3	7.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,865	9,195	8,665	63.3	63.6	62.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table