Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vaudreuil-Dorion, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	43,268	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	38,117	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,260	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	16,713	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	595.5	...	...	595.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	72.65	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	43,270	20,905	22,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,545	4,320	4,230	19.7	20.7	18.9
0 to 4 years	2,290	1,165	1,120	5.3	5.6	5.0
5 to 9 years	3,115	1,555	1,555	7.2	7.4	7.0
10 to 14 years	3,150	1,600	1,550	7.3	7.7	6.9
15 to 64 years	27,355	13,550	13,810	63.2	64.8	61.7
15 to 19 years	2,565	1,350	1,215	5.9	6.5	5.4
20 to 24 years	2,145	1,100	1,050	5.0	5.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	2,335	1,160	1,170	5.4	5.5	5.2
30 to 34 years	2,545	1,195	1,355	5.9	5.7	6.1
35 to 39 years	2,960	1,430	1,530	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	3,595	1,730	1,860	8.3	8.3	8.3
45 to 49 years	3,280	1,640	1,640	7.6	7.8	7.3
50 to 54 years	2,795	1,405	1,390	6.5	6.7	6.2
55 to 59 years	2,700	1,370	1,330	6.2	6.6	5.9
60 to 64 years	2,440	1,165	1,270	5.6	5.6	5.7
65 years and over	7,365	3,035	4,330	17.0	14.5	19.4
65 to 69 years	2,155	950	1,200	5.0	4.5	5.4
70 to 74 years	1,845	790	1,055	4.3	3.8	4.7
75 to 79 years	1,375	600	775	3.2	2.9	3.5
80 to 84 years	915	375	540	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	1,070	315	760	2.5	1.5	3.4
85 to 89 years	650	215	440	1.5	1.0	2.0
90 to 94 years	315	80	235	0.7	0.4	1.1
95 to 99 years	95	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.7	20.7	18.9	19.7	20.7	18.9
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.8	61.7	63.2	64.8	61.7
65 years and over	17.0	14.5	19.4	17.0	14.5	19.4
85 years and over	2.5	1.5	3.4	2.5	1.5	3.4
Average age of the population	40.2	38.8	41.5	40.2	38.8	41.5
Median age of the population	40.8	39.6	41.6	40.8	39.6	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	16,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,910	...	...	53.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	835	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	1,045	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	410	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,000	...	...	29.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	16,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,650	...	...	27.8	...	...
2 persons	5,270	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 persons	2,515	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	2,720	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,555	...	...	9.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	42,190	20,610	21,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	34,720	16,580	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	20,540	10,250	10,290	59.2	61.8	56.7
Married	14,475	7,215	7,260	41.7	43.5	40.0
Living common-law	6,070	3,035	3,030	17.5	18.3	16.7
Living common law - Never married	4,715	2,375	2,340	13.6	14.3	12.9
Living common law - Separated	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,165	575	590	3.4	3.5	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	14,180	6,330	7,850	40.8	38.2	43.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,270	4,910	4,355	26.7	29.6	24.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	565	245	325	1.6	1.5	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,455	835	1,615	7.1	5.0	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,890	340	1,545	5.4	2.1	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,440	...	...	45.5	...	...
3 persons	2,545	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	2,750	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,230	...	...	10.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,050	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	7,020	...	...	58.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,285	...	...	35.8	...	...
Without children	2,735	...	...	22.9	...	...
Common-law couples	3,025	...	...	25.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,450	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	1,575	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,910	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,430	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	480	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	42,190	20,610	21,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	36,010	17,840	18,170	85.4	86.6	84.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,095	10,045	10,050	47.6	48.7	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,910	480	1,430	4.5	2.3	6.6
Children⁶	14,005	7,315	6,690	33.2	35.5	31.0
In a two-parent family	11,085	5,755	5,330	26.3	27.9	24.7
In a one-parent family	2,920	1,560	1,355	6.9	7.6	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,180	2,770	3,410	14.6	13.4	15.8
Living alone	4,650	2,040	2,610	11.0	9.9	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	780	310	475	1.8	1.5	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	745	420	320	1.8	2.0	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	16,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,830	...	...	64.8	...	...
Couple-family households	9,175	...	...	54.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,235	...	...	31.3	...	...
Without children	3,940	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,655	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	470	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	300	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	410	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	4,650	...	...	27.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	33,640	16,290	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,535	15,770	16,765	96.7	96.8	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	49,200	40,400	44,400	49,200	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,555	15,775	16,775	96.8	96.8	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,400	36,400	39,200	42,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,935	14,860	15,075	89.0	91.2	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,800	30,600	37,600	44,800	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,255	12,915	12,345	75.1	79.3	71.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,400	34,800	40,400	46,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,120	11,575	14,545	77.6	71.1	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	8,500	11,900	10,300	8,500	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,700	1,740	1,955	11.0	10.7	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,880	5,520	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,030	5,140	4,895	29.8	31.6	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	33,625	16,290	17,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,380	15,630	16,750	96.3	95.9	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	57,400	46,560	51,800	57,400	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,420	15,650	16,770	96.4	96.1	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	46,240	39,280	42,640	46,240	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,820	14,775	15,050	88.7	90.7	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	52,650	39,080	45,800	52,650	39,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,280	12,915	12,365	75.2	79.3	71.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,960	52,200	41,480	46,960	52,200	41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,020	11,495	14,525	77.4	70.6	83.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,930	10,340	13,180	11,930	10,340	13,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,790	1,870	1,920	11.3	11.5	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,110	5,820	8,370	7,110	5,820	8,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,035	5,270	4,765	29.8	32.4	27.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,190	7,970	8,430	8,190	7,970	8,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	33,620	16,290	17,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,115	7,010	6,105	39.0	43.0	35.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	65,000	55,200	60,000	65,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,200	72,300	61,350	67,200	72,300	61,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,505	4,540	4,965	28.3	27.9	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,800	17,400	18,800	20,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,920	32,200	24,020	27,920	32,200	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	86.8	75.4	81.4	86.8	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	75.2	65.8	70.8	75.2	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	13.2	24.6	18.5	13.2	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.1	1.6	1.2	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.1	6.1	5.6	5.1	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.7	5.2	4.9	4.7	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	33,640	16,285	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,105	515	585	3.3	3.2	3.4
With total income	32,535	15,770	16,765	96.7	96.8	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,245	1,015	1,230	6.9	6.4	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,415	1,370	2,045	10.5	8.7	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,645	1,885	2,760	14.3	12.0	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,030	1,790	2,240	12.4	11.4	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,160	1,940	2,220	12.8	12.3	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,530	1,720	1,810	10.8	10.9	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,760	1,410	1,350	8.5	8.9	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,065	1,100	965	6.3	7.0	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,580	880	700	4.9	5.6	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	660	485	3.5	4.2	2.9
$100,000 and over	2,960	1,995	960	9.1	12.7	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	2,245	1,480	765	6.9	9.4	4.6
$150,000 and over	715	515	195	2.2	3.3	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	33,640	16,285	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,085	510	570	3.2	3.1	3.3
With after-tax income	32,555	15,780	16,780	96.8	96.9	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,380	1,055	1,325	7.3	6.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,650	1,480	2,170	11.2	9.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,460	2,280	3,175	16.8	14.4	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,290	2,470	2,815	16.2	15.7	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,140	2,510	2,630	15.8	15.9	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,765	1,930	1,835	11.6	12.2	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,595	1,390	1,205	8.0	8.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,635	900	740	5.0	5.7	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,040	655	390	3.2	4.2	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	570	385	190	1.8	2.4	1.1
$100,000 and over	1,035	735	300	3.2	4.7	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	620	435	185	1.9	2.8	1.1
$125,000 and over	410	295	115	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	33,640	16,285	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,385	3,375	5,010	24.9	20.7	28.9
With employment income	25,255	12,915	12,340	75.1	79.3	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,960	1,440	1,525	11.7	11.1	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,950	840	1,110	7.7	6.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,875	1,250	1,625	11.4	9.7	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,380	1,020	1,360	9.4	7.9	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,375	1,140	1,235	9.4	8.8	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,520	1,215	1,300	10.0	9.4	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,275	1,185	1,090	9.0	9.2	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,885	1,065	820	7.5	8.2	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,555	880	680	6.2	6.8	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	700	565	5.0	5.4	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	905	565	340	3.6	4.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	2,310	1,625	690	9.1	12.6	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,245	845	395	4.9	6.5	3.2
$125,000 and over	1,070	775	290	4.2	6.0	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	33,640	16,290	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,815	15,370	16,445	94.6	94.4	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,800	37,600	42,800	48,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,825	15,370	16,450	94.6	94.4	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,600	33,600	37,600	41,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,540	14,635	14,905	87.8	89.8	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,400	32,400	38,800	46,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,170	12,835	12,335	74.8	78.8	71.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	35,600	40,800	47,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,365	9,925	13,445	69.5	60.9	77.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	3,140	8,400	6,080	3,140	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,945	1,380	1,570	8.8	8.5	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,440	5,720	5,000	4,440	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	33,625	16,290	17,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,660	15,230	16,440	94.2	93.5	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,720	55,900	44,040	49,720	55,900	44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,670	15,230	16,445	94.2	93.5	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,800	37,120	40,800	44,800	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,390	14,535	14,860	87.4	89.2	85.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,950	39,560	46,680	53,950	39,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,185	12,880	12,310	74.9	79.1	71.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,520	53,150	41,640	47,520	53,150	41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,170	9,750	13,420	68.9	59.9	77.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,780	6,890	10,160	8,780	6,890	10,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,850	1,325	1,525	8.5	8.1	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,560	5,850	9,060	7,560	5,850	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	33,620	16,290	17,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,075	7,000	6,075	38.9	43.0	35.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,400	51,200	56,800	62,400	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,200	69,800	57,650	64,200	69,800	57,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,925	4,285	4,645	26.5	26.3	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	29,000	23,200	25,200	29,000	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,120	38,040	28,560	33,120	38,040	28,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	92.2	81.2	87.0	92.2	81.2
Employment income (%)	76.0	80.4	70.8	76.0	80.4	70.8
Government transfers (%)	12.9	7.9	18.8	12.9	7.9	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	1.9	1.4	0.9	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	16,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	16,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...	82,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,650	...	...	53,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,960	...	...	43,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	16,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	195	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	555	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	420	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	540	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	590	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	615	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,210	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,205	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,165	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,125	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,325	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,735	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,890	...	...	11.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,175	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	16,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	215	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	590	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	565	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	580	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	745	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	745	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	735	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,545	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,455	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,455	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,385	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	...	...	7.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,175	...	...	31.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,360	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,370	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,445	...	...	8.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,390	2,460	2,930	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	49,600	41,200	44,800	49,600	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	42,000	36,400	38,800	42,000	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	115,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,320	2,305	3,010	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,950	56,000	48,880	51,950	56,000	48,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	45,400	40,760	42,800	45,400	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	42,190	20,610	21,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,170	5,185	4,985	24.1	25.2	23.1
0 to 5 years	2,865	1,480	1,385	6.8	7.2	6.4
18 to 64 years	25,655	12,635	13,020	60.8	61.3	60.3
65 years and over	6,365	2,790	3,570	15.1	13.5	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,805	1,200	1,600	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	550	270	275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	90	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,395	670	730	...	...	...
65 years and over	860	265	590	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	5.8	7.4	6.6	5.8	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	5.8	6.7	6.2	5.8	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.3	5.6	5.4	5.3	5.6
65 years and over (%)	13.5	9.5	16.6	13.5	9.5	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	42,190	20,610	21,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,170	5,180	4,985	24.1	25.1	23.1
0 to 5 years	2,865	1,485	1,380	6.8	7.2	6.4
18 to 64 years	25,655	12,630	13,020	60.8	61.3	60.3
65 years and over	6,360	2,790	3,575	15.1	13.5	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,305	595	710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	225	105	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	25	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	825	420	405	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	80	180	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.0	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1
65 years and over (%)	4.1	2.8	5.1	4.1	2.8	5.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	42,190	20,610	21,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,095	9,995	11,110	50.0	48.5	51.5
In bottom decile	2,230	985	1,245	5.3	4.8	5.8
In second decile	3,550	1,570	1,975	8.4	7.6	9.2
In third decile	4,585	2,180	2,405	10.9	10.6	11.1
In fourth decile	5,330	2,595	2,735	12.6	12.6	12.7
In fifth decile	5,400	2,660	2,740	12.8	12.9	12.7
In top half of the distribution	21,090	10,615	10,475	50.0	51.5	48.5
In sixth decile	5,440	2,725	2,710	12.9	13.2	12.6
In seventh decile	5,260	2,625	2,635	12.5	12.7	12.2
In eighth decile	4,600	2,325	2,275	10.9	11.3	10.5
In ninth decile	3,685	1,870	1,815	8.7	9.1	8.4
In top decile	2,110	1,070	1,035	5.0	5.2	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	42,190	...	...	42,190	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.378	...	...	0.378	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.231	...	...	0.231	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	42,585	20,745	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	5,760	2,910	2,845	13.5	14.0	13.0
French only	8,100	3,580	4,520	19.0	17.3	20.7
English and French	28,140	14,030	14,110	66.1	67.6	64.6
Neither English nor French	590	225	365	1.4	1.1	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	42,585	20,745	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,485	7,700	7,785	36.4	37.1	35.6
French	23,175	11,155	12,020	54.4	53.8	55.0
English and French	3,365	1,680	1,690	7.9	8.1	7.7
Neither English nor French	555	210	345	1.3	1.0	1.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	42,585	20,745	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,505	19,250	20,255	92.8	92.8	92.7
Official languages	30,375	14,775	15,595	71.3	71.2	71.4
English	9,715	4,805	4,905	22.8	23.2	22.5
French	20,660	9,970	10,690	48.5	48.1	48.9
Non-official languages	9,130	4,470	4,655	21.4	21.5	21.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,130	4,470	4,655	21.4	21.5	21.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,415	725	690	3.3	3.5	3.2
Berber languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	115	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,240	645	590	2.9	3.1	2.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,230	640	590	2.9	3.1	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	55	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	105	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	475	210	265	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	415	185	225	1.0	0.9	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	530	245	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	485	225	260	1.1	1.1	1.2
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,770	2,850	2,920	13.5	13.7	13.4
Albanian	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	810	380	430	1.9	1.8	2.0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	805	375	425	1.9	1.8	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	395	180	215	0.9	0.9	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	90	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,410	1,230	1,180	5.7	5.9	5.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,225	1,135	1,090	5.2	5.5	5.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	165	95	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,455	745	705	3.4	3.6	3.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	430	200	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	95	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,190	1,070	1,120	5.1	5.2	5.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	210	185	0.9	1.0	0.8
Portuguese	250	130	115	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	485	235	245	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	1,070	495	570	2.5	2.4	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	95	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	110	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	235	110	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,080	1,495	1,585	7.2	7.2	7.3
English and French	1,505	745	760	3.5	3.6	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	770	370	395	1.8	1.8	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	365	175	195	0.9	0.8	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	330	155	170	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	115	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	42,585	20,745	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,750	4,865	4,890	22.9	23.5	22.4
French	17,995	8,670	9,325	42.3	41.8	42.7
Non-official language	2,840	1,370	1,470	6.7	6.6	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,840	1,370	1,470	6.7	6.6	6.7
English and French	4,800	2,315	2,485	11.3	11.2	11.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,775	1,415	1,360	6.5	6.8	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,335	625	705	3.1	3.0	3.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,875	1,375	1,495	6.8	6.6	6.8
Multiple non-official languages	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	42,585	20,745	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,115	19,070	20,045	91.9	91.9	91.8
Official languages	33,765	16,450	17,310	79.3	79.3	79.3
English	13,170	6,545	6,630	30.9	31.5	30.4
French	20,590	9,910	10,680	48.4	47.8	48.9
Non-official languages	5,355	2,615	2,735	12.6	12.6	12.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,355	2,615	2,735	12.6	12.6	12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	670	340	340	1.6	1.6	1.6
Berber languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	305	305	1.4	1.5	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	605	300	305	1.4	1.4	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	400	185	215	0.9	0.9	1.0
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	360	170	195	0.8	0.8	0.9
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,630	1,780	1,850	8.5	8.6	8.5
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	530	255	275	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	530	255	275	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	335	165	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	925	925	4.3	4.5	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,730	860	865	4.1	4.1	4.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,205	615	590	2.8	3.0	2.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	305	135	165	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,170	565	605	2.7	2.7	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	310	155	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	715	340	370	1.7	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	75	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,470	1,670	1,795	8.1	8.1	8.2
English and French	1,410	700	710	3.3	3.4	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	985	485	500	2.3	2.3	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	540	255	285	1.3	1.2	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	475	210	265	1.1	1.0	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	42,585	20,745	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,170	16,150	17,020	77.9	77.9	77.9
English	2,930	1,425	1,510	6.9	6.9	6.9
French	2,545	1,200	1,340	6.0	5.8	6.1
Non-official language	1,885	945	940	4.4	4.6	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,880	940	935	4.4	4.5	4.3
English and French	690	350	335	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	480	240	240	1.1	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	695	335	355	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	42,165	20,580	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	41,495	20,335	21,160	98.4	98.8	98.0
English	33,570	16,750	16,815	79.6	81.4	77.9
French	35,830	17,470	18,365	85.0	84.9	85.1
Non-official languages	13,930	6,680	7,255	33.0	32.5	33.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,920	6,675	7,245	33.0	32.4	33.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,500	1,245	1,260	5.9	6.0	5.8
Berber languages	195	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Kabyle	190	90	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,385	1,195	1,185	5.7	5.8	5.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,330	1,170	1,160	5.5	5.7	5.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	55	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	145	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	785	325	455	1.9	1.6	2.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	725	295	430	1.7	1.4	2.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	430	190	235	1.0	0.9	1.1
Haitian Creole	320	135	180	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	635	280	345	1.5	1.4	1.6
Kannada	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	580	255	330	1.4	1.2	1.5
Telugu	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,730	4,225	4,505	20.7	20.5	20.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	1,045	550	495	2.5	2.7	2.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,045	550	495	2.5	2.7	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	130	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	660	330	330	1.6	1.6	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	325	140	185	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	270	125	145	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	265	125	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	250	120	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	3,300	1,650	1,640	7.8	8.0	7.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,065	1,555	1,515	7.3	7.6	7.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	365	210	155	0.9	1.0	0.7
Hindi	810	420	390	1.9	2.0	1.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,980	1,015	965	4.7	4.9	4.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Urdu	775	365	410	1.8	1.8	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	265	115	145	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	185	80	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	155	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,035	1,860	2,175	9.6	9.0	10.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	850	370	480	2.0	1.8	2.2
Portuguese	295	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Romanian	650	330	320	1.5	1.6	1.5
Spanish	2,470	1,085	1,385	5.9	5.3	6.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	495	260	235	1.2	1.3	1.1
Akan (Twi)	60	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	25	10	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	180	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	380	180	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	150	165	0.8	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	42,170	20,580	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	470	210	260	1.1	1.0	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	440	205	235	1.0	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	245	105	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	41,700	20,370	21,330	98.9	99.0	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	42,170	20,580	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	42,060	20,545	21,510	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,235	...	...	73.2	...	...
Renter	4,480	...	...	26.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,110	...	...	24.6	...	...
Not condominium	12,605	...	...	75.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	1,205	...	...	7.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,930	...	...	35.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,730	...	...	34.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,780	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,270	...	...	31.5	...	...
5 rooms	2,795	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	2,340	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	2,105	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,210	...	...	25.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	16,455	...	...	98.5	...	...
More than one person per room	260	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,070	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	645	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,615	...	...	9.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,730	...	...	16.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,680	...	...	10.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,660	...	...	9.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,240	...	...	13.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,665	...	...	15.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,920	...	...	11.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,215	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,050	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	665	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,455	...	...	50.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,860	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	400	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	225	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,165	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,540	...	...	21.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,710	...	...	22.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,090	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,370	...	...	14.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,230	...	...	7.4	...	...
85 years and over	385	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	16,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,820	...	...	83.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,810	...	...	16.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,600	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	16,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,925	...	...	23.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,635	...	...	15.8	...	...
Not suitable only	560	...	...	3.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	535	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,790	...	...	76.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	770	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	15,650	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,225	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.4	...	...	75.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,396	...	...	1,396	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	440,800	...	...	440,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,475	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.2	...	...	31.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,156	...	...	1,156	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	42,170	20,580	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	245	110	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	220	105	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	180	95	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Métis single ancestry	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	775	330	445	1.8	1.6	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	755	320	430	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	615	265	345	1.5	1.3	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	41,155	20,145	21,010	97.6	97.9	97.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	42,170	20,580	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	39,620	19,325	20,295	94.0	93.9	94.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,895	5,060	4,840	23.5	24.6	22.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,720	14,265	15,455	70.5	69.3	71.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,550	1,260	1,295	6.0	6.1	6.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	42,170	20,580	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	32,120	15,650	16,470	76.2	76.0	76.3
Immigrants⁸¹	9,680	4,720	4,965	23.0	22.9	23.0
Before 1980	995	495	505	2.4	2.4	2.3
1980 to 1990	865	405	455	2.1	2.0	2.1
1991 to 2000	1,635	755	880	3.9	3.7	4.1
2001 to 2010	3,335	1,630	1,705	7.9	7.9	7.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,850	1,430	1,420	6.8	6.9	6.6
2011 to 2015	1,640	800	845	3.9	3.9	3.9
2016 to 2021	1,210	630	575	2.9	3.1	2.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	370	215	150	0.9	1.0	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,685	4,720	4,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	940	480	460	9.7	10.2	9.3
5 to 14 years	1,665	825	840	17.2	17.5	16.9
15 to 24 years	1,740	760	985	18.0	16.1	19.8
25 to 44 years	4,580	2,340	2,245	47.3	49.6	45.2
45 years and over	750	315	440	7.7	6.7	8.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,685	4,720	4,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,625	780	850	16.8	16.5	17.1
Brazil	35	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Colombia	215	100	110	2.2	2.1	2.2
El Salvador	65	30	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Guyana	75	30	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
Haiti	245	110	135	2.5	2.3	2.7
Jamaica	70	25	50	0.7	0.5	1.0
Mexico	160	70	90	1.7	1.5	1.8
Peru	80	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	55	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
United States of America	160	70	85	1.7	1.5	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	465	250	215	4.8	5.3	4.3
Europe	1,860	910	945	19.2	19.3	19.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	205	80	130	2.1	1.7	2.6
Germany	80	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greece	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Italy	150	75	75	1.5	1.6	1.5
Netherlands	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Poland	140	75	70	1.4	1.6	1.4
Portugal	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	380	195	185	3.9	4.1	3.7
Russian Federation	55	25	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	75	30	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	85	80	1.8	1.8	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	455	245	215	4.7	5.2	4.3
Africa	2,105	1,075	1,030	21.7	22.8	20.7
Algeria	295	145	155	3.0	3.1	3.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	120	60	55	1.2	1.3	1.1
Egypt	685	350	330	7.1	7.4	6.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	265	130	135	2.7	2.8	2.7
Nigeria	75	55	25	0.8	1.2	0.5
Somalia	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	620	315	305	6.4	6.7	6.1
Asia	4,080	1,955	2,130	42.1	41.4	42.9
Afghanistan	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	100	45	50	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	215	130	85	2.2	2.8	1.7
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Turkey	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	205	100	105	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	655	270	390	6.8	5.7	7.9
Viet Nam	85	25	60	0.9	0.5	1.2
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	1,460	735	725	15.1	15.6	14.6
Pakistan	430	215	215	4.4	4.6	4.3
Sri Lanka	325	150	180	3.4	3.2	3.6
Other places of birth in Asia	420	195	225	4.3	4.1	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,210	635	575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	165	75	90	13.6	11.8	15.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.6
Haiti	35	0	35	2.9	0.0	6.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	20	15	2.9	3.1	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	30	25	5.0	4.7	4.3
Europe	125	70	50	10.3	11.0	8.7
France	40	20	15	3.3	3.1	2.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
Ukraine	25	15	10	2.1	2.4	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	30	15	3.7	4.7	2.6
Africa	270	160	115	22.3	25.2	20.0
Algeria	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.7
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	90	60	35	7.4	9.4	6.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Nigeria	30	25	0	2.5	3.9	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0	25	2.1	0.0	4.3
Asia	650	335	320	53.7	52.8	55.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	10	2.9	3.1	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	330	165	160	27.3	26.0	27.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	25	30	4.5	3.9	5.2
Philippines	135	70	70	11.2	11.0	12.2
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	10	1.7	2.4	1.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	42,165	20,580	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,335	5,100	5,235	24.5	24.8	24.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,580	4,285	4,300	20.3	20.8	19.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,255	11,200	12,055	55.2	54.4	55.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,685	4,225	4,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,430	2,250	2,180	51.0	53.3	48.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,790	1,085	705	20.6	25.7	15.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,645	1,165	1,470	30.5	27.6	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,655	1,160	1,495	30.6	27.5	33.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,395	715	680	16.1	16.9	15.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	210	105	100	2.4	2.5	2.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,685	4,225	4,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,060	635	425	12.2	15.0	9.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	690	300	395	7.9	7.1	8.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	80	75	1.8	1.9	1.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	145	110	2.9	3.4	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,490	3,060	3,430	74.7	72.4	76.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	42,170	20,580	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,295	6,035	6,260	29.2	29.3	29.0
South Asian	4,110	2,040	2,075	9.7	9.9	9.6
Chinese	455	210	245	1.1	1.0	1.1
Black	2,515	1,285	1,230	6.0	6.2	5.7
Filipino	1,190	545	645	2.8	2.6	3.0
Arab	1,660	820	840	3.9	4.0	3.9
Latin American	1,125	570	555	2.7	2.8	2.6
Southeast Asian	340	140	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
West Asian	215	95	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korean	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	460	220	240	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,875	14,545	15,325	70.8	70.7	71.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	42,170	20,580	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,105	4,320	4,780	21.6	21.0	22.1
English	1,955	1,010	940	4.6	4.9	4.4
Irish	3,460	1,740	1,725	8.2	8.5	8.0
Scottish	2,015	900	1,110	4.8	4.4	5.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,515	3,785	3,735	17.8	18.4	17.3
German	1,110	575	535	2.6	2.8	2.5
Chinese	535	255	280	1.3	1.2	1.3
Italian	2,680	1,345	1,340	6.4	6.5	6.2
Indian (India)	1,990	1,040	950	4.7	5.1	4.4
Ukrainian	470	245	220	1.1	1.2	1.0
Dutch	200	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	870	410	460	2.1	2.0	2.1
Québécois	2,750	1,270	1,480	6.5	6.2	6.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	515	215	305	1.2	1.0	1.4
Filipino	1,025	455	570	2.4	2.2	2.6
French Canadian	2,200	1,085	1,115	5.2	5.3	5.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	710	330	385	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	370	140	230	0.9	0.7	1.1
Métis	175	60	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	470	225	245	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	480	225	255	1.1	1.1	1.2
Norwegian	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Welsh	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	555	270	280	1.3	1.3	1.3
American	260	110	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	655	290	360	1.6	1.4	1.7
Swedish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	265	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Acadian	270	130	150	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	690	350	345	1.6	1.7	1.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	405	220	190	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jewish	225	85	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Punjabi	485	255	230	1.2	1.2	1.1
Vietnamese	260	115	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	480	215	265	1.1	1.0	1.2
Greek	615	310	305	1.5	1.5	1.4
Jamaican	165	75	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	630	330	300	1.5	1.6	1.4
Lebanese	480	260	225	1.1	1.3	1.0
Iranian	145	55	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	350	175	175	0.8	0.9	0.8
Danish	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sikh	355	185	175	0.8	0.9	0.8
Austrian	145	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belgian	250	135	110	0.6	0.7	0.5
Haitian	455	200	255	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hindu	260	115	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexican	260	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	150	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finnish	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	430	185	245	1.0	0.9	1.1
Croatian	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	75	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	955	500	465	2.3	2.4	2.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	250	115	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	275	125	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	365	175	190	0.9	0.9	0.9
Czech	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syrian	150	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Guyanese	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkish	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	210	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Brazilian	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	70	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	225	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slovak	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	120	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lithuanian	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	150	70	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chilean	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peruvian	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	230	85	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mohawk	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	110	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
African American	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	60	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	80	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	65	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	370	185	185	0.9	0.9	0.9
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	95	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Byelorussian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	225	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	65	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Grenadian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	105	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	42,170	20,585	21,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Christian	26,505	12,495	14,010	62.9	60.7	64.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,745	1,355	1,395	6.5	6.6	6.5
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	395	160	235	0.9	0.8	1.1
Baptist	160	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	19,615	9,175	10,435	46.5	44.6	48.3
Christian Orthodox	1,900	975	925	4.5	4.7	4.3
Jehovah's Witness	155	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	295	140	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	190	75	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	820	365	455	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hindu	1,445	685	755	3.4	3.3	3.5
Jewish	325	140	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
Muslim	2,805	1,385	1,420	6.7	6.7	6.6
Sikh	1,500	755	740	3.6	3.7	3.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	9,340	5,025	4,320	22.1	24.4	20.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	41,725	20,385	21,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	36,475	17,770	18,710	87.4	87.2	87.7
Movers	5,245	2,615	2,635	12.6	12.8	12.3
Non-migrants	1,995	1,000	1,000	4.8	4.9	4.7
Migrants	3,250	1,615	1,635	7.8	7.9	7.7
Internal migrants	3,105	1,555	1,555	7.4	7.6	7.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,885	1,450	1,435	6.9	7.1	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	220	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	140	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	39,880	19,470	20,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	23,120	11,275	11,845	58.0	57.9	58.0
Movers	16,755	8,190	8,565	42.0	42.1	42.0
Non-migrants	3,770	1,865	1,905	9.5	9.6	9.3
Migrants	12,985	6,325	6,665	32.6	32.5	32.6
Internal migrants	11,835	5,740	6,095	29.7	29.5	29.9
Intraprovincial migrants	11,295	5,475	5,815	28.3	28.1	28.5
Interprovincial migrants	545	265	285	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	1,145	580	570	2.9	3.0	2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,625	16,290	17,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,835	3,140	2,695	17.4	19.3	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,790	13,150	14,640	82.6	80.7	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,500	11,025	11,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,325	1,350	975	10.3	12.2	8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,170	9,675	10,500	89.6	87.8	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,625	16,290	17,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,335	2,770	2,570	15.9	17.0	14.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,370	4,180	4,195	24.9	25.7	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,920	9,345	10,575	59.2	57.4	61.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,905	5,860	6,045	35.4	36.0	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,025	2,410	1,615	12.0	14.8	9.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,885	1,545	1,345	8.6	9.5	7.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,140	870	270	3.4	5.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,710	2,895	3,820	20.0	17.8	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	555	615	3.5	3.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,015	3,485	4,530	23.8	21.4	26.1
Bachelor's degree	5,770	2,510	3,265	17.2	15.4	18.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	250	375	1.9	1.5	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,275	565	710	3.8	3.5	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	95	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,495	11,025	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,985	1,080	900	8.8	9.8	7.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,685	2,510	2,170	20.8	22.8	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,830	7,425	8,400	70.4	67.3	73.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,800	4,430	4,365	39.1	40.2	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,070	1,855	1,210	13.6	16.8	10.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,205	1,195	1,015	9.8	10.8	8.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	860	665	200	3.8	6.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,830	2,135	2,700	21.5	19.4	23.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	900	445	460	4.0	4.0	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,030	2,995	4,030	31.3	27.2	35.1
Bachelor's degree	5,065	2,185	2,875	22.5	19.8	25.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	560	220	340	2.5	2.0	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	50	90	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	1,140	480	655	5.1	4.4	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	60	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,625	16,290	17,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,705	6,950	6,760	40.8	42.7	39.0
Education	1,315	230	1,085	3.9	1.4	6.3
13. Education	1,315	230	1,085	3.9	1.4	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	755	345	410	2.2	2.1	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	100	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	620	245	375	1.8	1.5	2.2
Humanities	1,115	400	720	3.3	2.5	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	35	170	0.6	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	575	225	350	1.7	1.4	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,330	750	1,575	6.9	4.6	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	55	140	0.6	0.3	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	35	370	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	300	120	180	0.9	0.7	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	315	55	260	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,070	480	595	3.2	2.9	3.4
Business, management and public administration	4,810	1,875	2,935	14.3	11.5	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	55	105	0.5	0.3	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,645	1,815	2,830	13.8	11.1	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	920	435	480	2.7	2.7	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	110	200	0.9	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	60	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
40. Physical sciences	275	150	120	0.8	0.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	575	270	2.5	3.5	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	510	200	2.1	3.1	1.2
25. Library science	60	10	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,845	3,440	400	11.4	21.1	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	140	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	1,105	895	210	3.3	5.5	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	805	725	85	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	615	600	15	1.8	3.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	815	805	10	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	365	350	15	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	125	175	0.9	0.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	95	160	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	2,350	405	1,940	7.0	2.5	11.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	70	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,135	325	1,810	6.3	2.0	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,340	755	585	4.0	4.6	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	665	160	500	2.0	1.0	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	310	255	55	0.9	1.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	330	30	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,500	11,025	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,665	3,595	3,070	29.6	32.6	26.8
Education	990	170	820	4.4	1.5	7.1
13. Education	990	170	820	4.4	1.5	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	590	285	310	2.6	2.6	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	80	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	480	200	280	2.1	1.8	2.4
Humanities	815	300	510	3.6	2.7	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	25	140	0.7	0.2	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	125	45	75	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	375	155	220	1.7	1.4	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,920	615	1,305	8.5	5.6	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	170	50	125	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345	35	310	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	230	85	150	1.0	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	290	50	240	1.3	0.5	2.1
45. Social sciences	835	385	450	3.7	3.5	3.9
Business, management and public administration	3,850	1,495	2,350	17.1	13.6	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	40	85	0.6	0.4	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,725	1,455	2,270	16.6	13.2	19.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	680	315	365	3.0	2.9	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	275	95	180	1.2	0.9	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	235	125	110	1.0	1.1	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	735	485	255	3.3	4.4	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	625	440	185	2.8	4.0	1.6
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,090	2,745	345	13.7	24.9	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	1,000	800	195	4.4	7.3	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	585	525	70	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	485	475	10	2.2	4.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	625	620	0	2.8	5.6	0.0
48. Precision production	285	275	10	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	105	155	1.2	1.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	75	145	1.0	0.7	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	1,855	330	1,520	8.2	3.0	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	55	95	0.6	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,685	270	1,415	7.5	2.4	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,055	590	465	4.7	5.4	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	540	135	405	2.4	1.2	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	190	50	1.0	1.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	260	15	1.2	2.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,500	11,025	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,665	3,595	3,070	29.6	32.6	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,835	7,430	8,405	70.4	67.4	73.3
Location of study inside Canada	12,725	5,930	6,795	56.6	53.8	59.2
Same as province or territory of residence	12,120	5,640	6,480	53.9	51.2	56.5
Different than province or territory of residence	600	285	315	2.7	2.6	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,105	1,500	1,610	13.8	13.6	14.0
Americas	505	260	240	2.2	2.4	2.1
United States of America	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Peru	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	720	370	350	3.2	3.4	3.1
Belgium	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	155	90	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	100	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Poland	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	160	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	55	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Africa	750	390	360	3.3	3.5	3.1
Nigeria	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algeria	150	80	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Morocco	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	325	165	160	1.4	1.5	1.4
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	145	90	55	0.6	0.8	0.5
Asia	1,125	480	645	5.0	4.4	5.6
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	260	100	160	1.2	0.9	1.4
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	435	200	235	1.9	1.8	2.0
Pakistan	105	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	33,625	16,290	17,335	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,410	12,050	11,365	...	...	...
Employed	21,740	11,155	10,585	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,675	895	780	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,210	4,240	5,970	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.6	74.0	65.6	69.6	74.0	65.6
Employment rate	64.7	68.5	61.1	64.7	68.5	61.1
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.4	6.9	7.2	7.4	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	33,625	16,290	17,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,270	4,300	5,970	30.5	26.4	34.4
Worked	23,350	11,985	11,365	69.4	73.6	65.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,395	7,195	6,200	39.8	44.2	35.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,955	4,790	5,170	29.6	29.4	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.9	41.6	42.3	42.9	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,415	12,045	11,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	195	210	1.7	1.6	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,010	11,850	11,155	98.3	98.4	98.2
Employee	20,330	10,060	10,270	86.8	83.5	90.4
Permanent position	17,715	8,830	8,885	75.7	73.3	78.2
Temporary position	2,620	1,230	1,385	11.2	10.2	12.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	960	395	560	4.1	3.3	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,660	835	820	7.1	6.9	7.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,675	1,790	885	11.4	14.9	7.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,415	12,045	11,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	195	210	1.7	1.6	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,010	11,850	11,155	98.3	98.4	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335	260	70	1.4	2.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,470	1,470	3,005	19.1	12.2	26.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,170	1,620	550	9.3	13.4	4.8
3 Health occupations	1,590	235	1,360	6.8	2.0	12.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,485	635	1,845	10.6	5.3	16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	535	250	285	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	6,225	2,885	3,335	26.6	24.0	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,885	3,525	355	16.6	29.3	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	235	225	20	1.0	1.9	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,085	750	330	4.6	6.2	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,415	12,045	11,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	195	210	1.7	1.6	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	23,010	11,850	11,155	98.3	98.4	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	100	30	0.6	0.8	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	165	105	65	0.7	0.9	0.6
23 Construction	1,225	1,030	195	5.2	8.6	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,600	1,780	825	11.1	14.8	7.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,730	940	795	7.4	7.8	7.0
44-45 Retail trade	3,105	1,415	1,690	13.3	11.7	14.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,290	1,605	690	9.8	13.3	6.1
51 Information and cultural industries	410	305	110	1.8	2.5	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	870	385	490	3.7	3.2	4.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	175	120	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,975	1,050	930	8.4	8.7	8.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	880	520	360	3.8	4.3	3.2
61 Educational services	1,535	355	1,175	6.6	2.9	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,530	370	2,165	10.8	3.1	19.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265	145	115	1.1	1.2	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,160	600	555	5.0	5.0	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	810	435	375	3.5	3.6	3.3
91 Public administration	940	495	445	4.0	4.1	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,765	12,715	12,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,205	2,255	1,950	17.0	17.7	16.2
French	7,335	3,760	3,580	29.6	29.6	29.7
Non-official language	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	12,500	6,330	6,165	50.5	49.8	51.1
English and non-official language(s)	310	190	125	1.3	1.5	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	335	130	205	1.4	1.0	1.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,765	12,715	12,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,510	11,040	10,470	86.9	86.8	86.9
Official languages	21,385	10,965	10,415	86.4	86.2	86.4
English	8,705	4,490	4,220	35.2	35.3	35.0
French	12,675	6,480	6,195	51.2	51.0	51.4
Non-official languages	130	75	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	75	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	65	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	85	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,255	1,675	1,585	13.1	13.2	13.1
English and French	3,095	1,590	1,505	12.5	12.5	12.5
English and non-official language(s)	100	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,765	12,715	12,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,720	7,685	7,035	59.4	60.4	58.4
English	5,315	2,710	2,605	21.5	21.3	21.6
French	4,270	2,100	2,170	17.2	16.5	18.0
Non-official language	275	130	145	1.1	1.0	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	130	140	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,735	11,155	10,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,060	2,470	2,600	23.3	22.1	24.6
Worked outside Canada	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,345	1,775	570	10.8	15.9	5.4
Usual place of work	14,295	6,875	7,415	65.8	61.6	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,295	6,880	7,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,715	2,070	2,645	33.0	30.1	35.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,450	645	805	10.1	9.4	10.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,935	4,060	3,870	55.5	59.0	52.2
Commute to a different province or territory	190	100	90	1.3	1.5	1.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,645	8,655	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,350	8,105	7,240	92.2	93.6	90.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,365	7,730	6,635	86.3	89.3	83.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	985	375	610	5.9	4.3	7.6
Public transit	525	160	365	3.2	1.8	4.6
Walked	420	190	230	2.5	2.2	2.9
Bicycle	105	75	30	0.6	0.9	0.4
Other method	245	130	120	1.5	1.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,645	8,655	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,500	2,150	2,355	27.0	24.8	29.5
15 to 29 minutes	5,625	2,715	2,910	33.8	31.4	36.4
30 to 44 minutes	3,995	2,430	1,570	24.0	28.1	19.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,360	730	625	8.2	8.4	7.8
60 minutes and over	1,165	635	525	7.0	7.3	6.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,645	8,655	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,350	1,040	315	8.1	12.0	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,180	1,895	1,285	19.1	21.9	16.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,255	1,895	2,355	25.6	21.9	29.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,315	1,375	1,950	19.9	15.9	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,850	850	995	11.1	9.8	12.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,695	1,605	1,085	16.2	18.5	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,350	5,270	5,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,895	1,960	1,940	37.6	37.2	38.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,455	3,310	3,145	62.4	62.8	61.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,860	3,990	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,905	1,460	1,445	37.0	36.6	37.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,310	1,170	1,135	29.4	29.3	29.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	290	310	7.6	7.3	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,960	2,535	2,425	63.1	63.5	62.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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