Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vaudreuil--SoulangesMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	129,612	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	119,227	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,385	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,921	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	330.1	...	...	330.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	392.62	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	129,615	63,800	65,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,225	12,370	11,855	18.7	19.4	18.0
0 to 4 years	6,560	3,290	3,270	5.1	5.2	5.0
5 to 9 years	8,485	4,340	4,155	6.5	6.8	6.3
10 to 14 years	9,175	4,745	4,430	7.1	7.4	6.7
15 to 64 years	83,345	41,310	42,040	64.3	64.7	63.9
15 to 19 years	8,170	4,185	3,980	6.3	6.6	6.0
20 to 24 years	6,440	3,345	3,095	5.0	5.2	4.7
25 to 29 years	6,140	3,120	3,025	4.7	4.9	4.6
30 to 34 years	7,000	3,320	3,675	5.4	5.2	5.6
35 to 39 years	8,205	3,945	4,255	6.3	6.2	6.5
40 to 44 years	9,850	4,770	5,080	7.6	7.5	7.7
45 to 49 years	9,710	4,745	4,965	7.5	7.4	7.5
50 to 54 years	9,280	4,640	4,640	7.2	7.3	7.1
55 to 59 years	9,890	4,950	4,940	7.6	7.8	7.5
60 to 64 years	8,670	4,285	4,380	6.7	6.7	6.7
65 years and over	22,040	10,120	11,915	17.0	15.9	18.1
65 to 69 years	7,325	3,505	3,820	5.7	5.5	5.8
70 to 74 years	5,915	2,805	3,110	4.6	4.4	4.7
75 to 79 years	4,115	1,930	2,185	3.2	3.0	3.3
80 to 84 years	2,435	1,105	1,335	1.9	1.7	2.0
85 years and over	2,250	780	1,465	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,435	550	885	1.1	0.9	1.3
90 to 94 years	610	190	415	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	190	35	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	19.4	18.0	18.7	19.4	18.0
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.7	63.9	64.3	64.7	63.9
65 years and over	17.0	15.9	18.1	17.0	15.9	18.1
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	40.9	40.2	41.7	40.9	40.2	41.7
Median age of the population	42.4	41.6	42.8	42.4	41.6	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,255	...	...	68.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,005	...	...	4.0	...	...
Row house	2,220	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,220	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,290	...	...	18.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	590	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,145	...	...	24.3	...	...
2 persons	16,970	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 persons	7,920	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	8,525	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,370	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	127,770	63,225	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,385	51,435	53,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	65,225	32,600	32,620	61.9	63.4	60.5
Married	44,700	22,345	22,360	42.4	43.4	41.4
Living common-law	20,520	10,260	10,260	19.5	19.9	19.0
Living common law - Never married	15,665	7,840	7,820	14.9	15.2	14.5
Living common law - Separated	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,195	2,100	2,095	4.0	4.1	3.9
Living common law - Widowed	395	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,165	18,830	21,335	38.1	36.6	39.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,255	14,600	12,660	25.9	28.4	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,530	680	850	1.5	1.3	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,750	2,550	4,205	6.4	5.0	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,625	1,005	3,615	4.4	2.0	6.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,625	...	...	47.0	...	...
3 persons	7,905	...	...	21.1	...	...
4 persons	8,455	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,480	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,055	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	21,810	...	...	58.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,320	...	...	32.9	...	...
Without children	9,490	...	...	25.3	...	...
Common-law couples	10,245	...	...	27.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,250	...	...	14.0	...	...
Without children	4,995	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,415	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,880	...	...	10.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,535	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	127,765	63,220	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	111,230	55,475	55,755	87.1	87.7	86.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	64,110	32,040	32,075	50.2	50.7	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,415	1,530	3,885	4.2	2.4	6.0
Children⁶	41,695	21,900	19,795	32.6	34.6	30.7
In a two-parent family	33,320	17,395	15,925	26.1	27.5	24.7
In a one-parent family	8,380	4,505	3,875	6.6	7.1	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,540	7,750	8,785	12.9	12.3	13.6
Living alone	12,140	5,635	6,510	9.5	8.9	10.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,280	925	1,355	1.8	1.5	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,120	1,200	920	1.7	1.9	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,230	...	...	68.6	...	...
Couple-family households	29,580	...	...	59.3	...	...
With children⁶	16,250	...	...	32.6	...	...
Without children	13,335	...	...	26.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,650	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,210	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,010	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,095	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	12,140	...	...	24.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,540	50,850	52,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,180	49,260	50,925	96.8	96.9	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,200	40,800	45,600	51,200	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,245	49,295	50,950	96.8	96.9	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	36,400	39,600	43,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,775	46,495	46,280	89.6	91.4	87.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	31,800	38,800	46,000	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,600	39,880	37,720	74.9	78.4	71.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,600	35,600	41,200	47,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,270	35,350	42,925	75.6	69.5	81.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,000	11,400	10,300	9,000	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,535	4,990	5,545	10.2	9.8	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,920	5,640	5,480	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,700	15,375	14,325	28.7	30.2	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,525	50,805	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,975	49,060	50,910	96.6	96.6	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	63,950	48,320	56,000	63,950	48,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,025	49,100	50,930	96.6	96.6	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	49,680	40,280	44,920	49,680	40,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,845	46,475	46,370	89.7	91.5	88.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,320	59,400	41,200	50,320	59,400	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,575	39,715	37,860	74.9	78.2	71.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,040	58,550	43,200	51,040	58,550	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,130	35,200	42,930	75.5	69.3	81.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,850	10,730	12,770	11,850	10,730	12,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,775	5,115	5,655	10.4	10.1	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,220	5,900	8,420	7,220	5,900	8,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,320	15,180	14,140	28.3	29.9	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,160	7,830	8,510	8,160	7,830	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,525	50,805	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,570	21,220	18,355	38.2	41.8	34.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	72,000	58,000	64,500	72,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,900	84,600	65,800	75,900	84,600	65,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,895	14,325	15,570	28.9	28.2	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,800	16,800	18,400	20,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	32,360	23,980	28,000	32,360	23,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	88.0	77.8	83.4	88.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	74.2	66.4	70.8	74.2	66.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5	12.0	22.3	16.5	12.0	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.9	1.4	1.0	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.2	5.8	4.9	4.2	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.8	4.9	4.3	3.8	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,545	50,855	52,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,360	1,590	1,770	3.2	3.1	3.4
With total income	100,180	49,260	50,920	96.8	96.9	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,430	3,200	4,230	7.4	6.5	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,480	4,165	6,310	10.5	8.5	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,780	5,885	7,895	13.8	11.9	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,720	5,240	6,480	11.7	10.6	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,795	5,510	6,285	11.8	11.2	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,210	4,915	5,295	10.2	10.0	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,175	4,225	3,945	8.2	8.6	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,285	3,415	2,870	6.3	6.9	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	5,065	2,795	2,270	5.1	5.7	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,910	2,180	1,730	3.9	4.4	3.4
$100,000 and over	11,335	7,720	3,610	11.3	15.7	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	7,755	5,105	2,650	7.7	10.4	5.2
$150,000 and over	3,575	2,615	960	3.6	5.3	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,545	50,855	52,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,300	1,560	1,740	3.2	3.1	3.3
With after-tax income	100,240	49,290	50,950	96.8	96.9	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,020	3,385	4,635	8.0	6.9	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,135	4,495	6,645	11.1	9.1	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	16,210	7,060	9,150	16.2	14.3	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,100	7,060	8,045	15.1	14.3	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	14,700	7,150	7,550	14.7	14.5	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	11,260	5,860	5,400	11.2	11.9	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,045	4,375	3,670	8.0	8.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,450	2,990	2,465	5.4	6.1	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,480	2,175	1,305	3.5	4.4	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,355	720	2.1	2.7	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,775	3,405	1,370	4.8	6.9	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,500	1,720	780	2.5	3.5	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,275	1,680	590	2.3	3.4	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,545	50,855	52,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,945	10,970	14,970	25.1	21.6	28.4
With employment income	77,605	39,880	37,720	74.9	78.4	71.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,925	4,880	5,045	12.8	12.2	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,900	2,600	3,300	7.6	6.5	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,555	3,795	4,760	11.0	9.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,710	2,925	3,780	8.6	7.3	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,745	3,120	3,620	8.7	7.8	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,190	3,395	3,790	9.3	8.5	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,465	3,255	3,205	8.3	8.2	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,555	3,040	2,515	7.2	7.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585	2,620	1,965	5.9	6.6	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,215	2,240	1,975	5.4	5.6	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,830	1,755	1,070	3.6	4.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	8,930	6,250	2,680	11.5	15.7	7.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,185	2,785	1,400	5.4	7.0	3.7
$125,000 and over	4,750	3,465	1,280	6.1	8.7	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,540	50,850	52,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,985	48,090	49,895	94.6	94.6	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,800	38,800	44,000	50,800	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,025	48,095	49,930	94.7	94.6	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,400	38,400	43,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,450	45,790	45,655	88.3	90.0	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	33,200	40,400	48,400	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,410	39,655	37,755	74.8	78.0	71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	36,400	42,400	49,600	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,115	29,890	39,225	66.8	58.8	74.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	4,040	8,200	6,500	4,040	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,950	4,265	4,685	8.6	8.4	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,520	5,960	5,040	4,520	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,525	50,805	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,885	48,015	49,870	94.6	94.5	94.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,200	62,800	45,840	54,200	62,800	45,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,945	48,020	49,930	94.6	94.5	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,360	48,920	38,000	43,360	48,920	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,405	45,730	45,675	88.3	90.0	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,300	61,000	41,640	51,300	61,000	41,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,165	39,525	37,635	74.5	77.8	71.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	59,700	43,640	51,900	59,700	43,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,050	29,755	39,295	66.7	58.6	74.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,860	7,640	9,790	8,860	7,640	9,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,845	4,145	4,700	8.5	8.2	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630	5,675	9,360	7,630	5,675	9,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,525	50,805	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,425	21,120	18,300	38.1	41.6	34.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	68,000	53,600	61,200	68,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	81,400	61,450	72,100	81,400	61,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,110	13,475	14,640	27.2	26.5	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,000	22,600	24,400	28,000	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160	39,520	29,240	34,160	39,520	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	92.4	83.2	88.4	92.4	83.2
Employment income (%)	75.4	78.2	71.8	75.4	78.2	71.8
Government transfers (%)	11.5	7.5	16.8	11.5	7.5	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.9	1.3	0.8	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,700	...	...	53,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,840	...	...	43,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,160	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,445	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,720	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,350	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,180	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,570	...	...	47.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,715	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,310	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,360	...	...	12.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,190	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	585	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,640	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,465	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,535	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,945	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,040	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,040	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,305	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,010	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,940	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,580	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,805	...	...	35.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,220	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,595	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,985	...	...	12.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,260	6,825	7,430	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	48,000	41,200	44,400	48,000	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,800	36,400	38,400	40,800	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,700	...	...	104,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,200	...	...	158,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,900	...	...	89,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,215	6,700	7,520	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,350	57,300	47,880	52,350	57,300	47,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	45,800	40,160	42,800	45,800	40,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	127,765	63,220	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,365	15,020	14,350	23.0	23.8	22.2
0 to 5 years	8,180	4,140	4,040	6.4	6.5	6.3
18 to 64 years	78,020	38,550	39,470	61.1	61.0	61.2
65 years and over	20,380	9,650	10,730	16.0	15.3	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,075	3,640	4,435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,560	795	765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	485	240	245	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,055	1,960	2,095	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,455	880	1,575	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.3	5.8	6.9	6.3	5.8	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.9	5.8	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.3
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.1	14.7	12.1	9.1	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	127,765	63,220	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,370	15,020	14,345	23.0	23.8	22.2
0 to 5 years	8,175	4,140	4,035	6.4	6.5	6.3
18 to 64 years	78,020	38,550	39,470	61.1	61.0	61.2
65 years and over	20,375	9,655	10,725	15.9	15.3	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,490	1,665	1,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	605	295	310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	80	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,195	1,135	1,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	685	240	445	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
65 years and over (%)	3.4	2.5	4.2	3.4	2.5	4.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	127,765	63,220	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,735	27,745	29,995	45.2	43.9	46.5
In bottom decile	6,720	3,110	3,615	5.3	4.9	5.6
In second decile	9,325	4,265	5,055	7.3	6.7	7.8
In third decile	12,320	5,920	6,395	9.6	9.4	9.9
In fourth decile	14,370	7,025	7,340	11.2	11.1	11.4
In fifth decile	15,005	7,415	7,590	11.7	11.7	11.8
In top half of the distribution	70,035	35,480	34,550	54.8	56.1	53.5
In sixth decile	15,800	7,895	7,900	12.4	12.5	12.2
In seventh decile	15,570	7,910	7,660	12.2	12.5	11.9
In eighth decile	14,745	7,520	7,225	11.5	11.9	11.2
In ninth decile	13,415	6,805	6,605	10.5	10.8	10.2
In top decile	10,505	5,340	5,165	8.2	8.4	8.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	127,765	...	...	127,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	128,315	63,440	64,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	15,485	7,855	7,635	12.1	12.4	11.8
French only	24,225	11,295	12,925	18.9	17.8	19.9
English and French	87,540	43,850	43,690	68.2	69.1	67.3
Neither English nor French	1,070	440	630	0.8	0.7	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	128,315	63,440	64,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,125	24,015	24,115	37.5	37.9	37.2
French	71,670	35,305	36,370	55.9	55.7	56.1
English and French	7,505	3,715	3,785	5.8	5.9	5.8
Neither English nor French	1,015	410	605	0.8	0.6	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	128,315	63,440	64,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,650	59,655	60,990	94.0	94.0	94.0
Official languages	100,870	49,945	50,930	78.6	78.7	78.5
English	34,935	17,410	17,530	27.2	27.4	27.0
French	65,930	32,535	33,395	51.4	51.3	51.5
Non-official languages	19,775	9,715	10,065	15.4	15.3	15.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,740	9,700	10,040	15.4	15.3	15.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,375	1,220	1,160	1.9	1.9	1.8
Berber languages	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,120	1,095	1,020	1.7	1.7	1.6
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,060	1,070	990	1.6	1.7	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	770	315	455	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	630	265	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	440	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	675	320	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	590	275	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,420	6,665	6,750	10.5	10.5	10.4
Albanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,780	1,305	1,475	2.2	2.1	2.3
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,755	1,295	1,460	2.1	2.0	2.3
Belarusian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	735	320	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	1,405	660	750	1.1	1.0	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	715	355	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	540	265	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	510	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	455	240	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	3,610	1,855	1,760	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,040	1,550	1,490	2.4	2.4	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,985	1,020	970	1.5	1.6	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	555	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	565	300	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	500	260	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	440	225	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,715	2,835	2,880	4.5	4.5	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,270	690	580	1.0	1.1	0.9
Portuguese	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	1,450	695	760	1.1	1.1	1.2
Spanish	2,395	1,155	1,240	1.9	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	160	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	430	510	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	940	430	510	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	750	345	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,670	3,790	3,880	6.0	6.0	6.0
English and French	4,505	2,230	2,275	3.5	3.5	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,455	720	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	775	380	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	715	350	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	128,315	63,440	64,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,570	17,800	17,770	27.7	28.1	27.4
French	57,110	28,245	28,865	44.5	44.5	44.5
Non-official language	5,530	2,675	2,855	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,525	2,675	2,850	4.3	4.2	4.4
English and French	15,290	7,485	7,805	11.9	11.8	12.0
English and non-official language(s)	5,525	2,780	2,745	4.3	4.4	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,745	1,275	1,465	2.1	2.0	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,170	3,010	3,160	4.8	4.7	4.9
Multiple non-official languages	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	128,315	63,440	64,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,185	59,545	60,635	93.7	93.9	93.5
Official languages	109,810	54,490	55,315	85.6	85.9	85.3
English	45,335	22,655	22,680	35.3	35.7	35.0
French	64,475	31,845	32,635	50.2	50.2	50.3
Non-official languages	10,370	5,050	5,320	8.1	8.0	8.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,365	5,045	5,315	8.1	8.0	8.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,060	525	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	950	475	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	930	465	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	495	235	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	435	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,200	3,510	3,685	5.6	5.5	5.7
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,620	780	835	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,615	775	835	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,015	500	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,690	1,345	1,345	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,315	1,155	1,165	1.8	1.8	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,640	830	810	1.3	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	375	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	295	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,675	1,285	1,385	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	935	455	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	1,435	700	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	325	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	665	325	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	590	285	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,135	3,895	4,240	6.3	6.1	6.5
English and French	4,285	2,070	2,215	3.3	3.3	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,790	870	925	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,030	485	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	935	430	505	0.7	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	128,315	63,440	64,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,625	51,785	52,840	81.5	81.6	81.5
English	7,625	3,755	3,875	5.9	5.9	6.0
French	7,415	3,615	3,805	5.8	5.7	5.9
Non-official language	4,075	1,995	2,080	3.2	3.1	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,055	1,990	2,065	3.2	3.1	3.2
English and French	1,355	690	665	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,075	540	535	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,670	815	850	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	320	175	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	127,715	63,135	64,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	126,610	62,650	63,950	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	102,535	51,405	51,125	80.3	81.4	79.2
French	111,410	54,885	56,525	87.2	86.9	87.5
Non-official languages	30,585	14,740	15,835	23.9	23.3	24.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30,525	14,725	15,805	23.9	23.3	24.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,060	2,065	1,995	3.2	3.3	3.1
Berber languages	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,885	1,990	1,895	3.0	3.2	2.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,620	1,870	1,750	2.8	3.0	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	270	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	315	110	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	250	90	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,315	545	775	1.0	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,205	480	720	0.9	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	835	395	445	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian Creole	595	275	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	800	375	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Kannada	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	730	335	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,205	10,245	10,960	16.6	16.2	17.0
Albanian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	3,520	1,695	1,825	2.8	2.7	2.8
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,465	1,675	1,790	2.7	2.7	2.8
Belarusian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	800	395	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	2,105	995	1,110	1.6	1.6	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,710	875	835	1.3	1.4	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,485	795	690	1.2	1.3	1.1
German	1,455	780	675	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	820	375	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indo-Iranian languages	4,730	2,385	2,340	3.7	3.8	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,980	2,010	1,965	3.1	3.2	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	415	230	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	1,145	590	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,545	1,300	1,245	2.0	2.1	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	945	445	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	795	400	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	710	360	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Dari	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	640	325	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,210	5,290	5,915	8.8	8.4	9.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,760	1,365	1,395	2.2	2.2	2.2
Portuguese	935	445	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	1,710	845	865	1.3	1.3	1.3
Spanish	6,625	2,950	3,670	5.2	4.7	5.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	915	485	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Akan (Twi)	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,285	605	670	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese languages	1,275	600	675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,080	515	570	0.8	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	310	165	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	275	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	127,710	63,135	64,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,775	910	865	1.4	1.4	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,635	855	780	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	980	500	480	0.8	0.8	0.7
Métis	550	290	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	125,935	62,225	63,715	98.6	98.6	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	127,710	63,135	64,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	385	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	127,325	62,965	64,365	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	40,455	...	...	81.0	...	...
Renter	9,465	...	...	19.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,745	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not condominium	43,175	...	...	86.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,025	...	...	6.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,395	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,375	...	...	36.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,035	...	...	30.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,000	...	...	22.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,875	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,005	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,925	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,125	...	...	36.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,485	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,680	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,240	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,900	...	...	11.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,110	...	...	20.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,870	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,455	...	...	12.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,885	...	...	11.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,020	...	...	12.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,890	...	...	7.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,790	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,465	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,455	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,535	...	...	47.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,015	...	...	50.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,375	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,320	...	...	10.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,640	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,900	...	...	21.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,895	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,750	...	...	15.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,860	...	...	7.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,030	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,380	...	...	85.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,355	...	...	14.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,805	...	...	13.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,445	...	...	20.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,815	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,070	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,945	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,480	...	...	79.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,995	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not in core need	47,190	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,410	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.0	...	...	70.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,422	...	...	1,422	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	424,000	...	...	424,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	475,600	...	...	475,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,460	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.3	...	...	30.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	127,710	63,135	64,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	915	430	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	855	400	460	0.7	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	685	325	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,010	1,450	1,555	2.4	2.3	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,980	1,445	1,540	2.3	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,490	1,200	1,295	1.9	1.9	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	123,785	61,255	62,535	96.9	97.0	96.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	127,715	63,135	64,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	122,305	60,495	61,810	95.8	95.8	95.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,615	14,660	13,955	22.4	23.2	21.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	93,685	45,830	47,850	73.4	72.6	74.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,410	2,640	2,770	4.2	4.2	4.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	127,715	63,135	64,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,925	51,795	53,130	82.2	82.0	82.3
Immigrants⁸¹	21,815	10,755	11,060	17.1	17.0	17.1
Before 1980	3,695	1,965	1,730	2.9	3.1	2.7
1980 to 1990	2,200	1,120	1,075	1.7	1.8	1.7
1991 to 2000	3,815	1,805	2,010	3.0	2.9	3.1
2001 to 2010	6,670	3,220	3,450	5.2	5.1	5.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,430	2,645	2,790	4.3	4.2	4.3
2011 to 2015	3,190	1,550	1,635	2.5	2.5	2.5
2016 to 2021	2,240	1,090	1,150	1.8	1.7	1.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	975	585	390	0.8	0.9	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,815	10,755	11,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,290	1,105	1,180	10.5	10.3	10.7
5 to 14 years	3,945	2,115	1,830	18.1	19.7	16.5
15 to 24 years	3,850	1,785	2,065	17.6	16.6	18.7
25 to 44 years	10,320	5,130	5,195	47.3	47.7	47.0
45 years and over	1,410	625	785	6.5	5.8	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,815	10,755	11,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,935	1,870	2,065	18.0	17.4	18.7
Brazil	130	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	425	185	240	1.9	1.7	2.2
El Salvador	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	150	55	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
Haiti	525	225	300	2.4	2.1	2.7
Jamaica	150	60	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mexico	420	195	225	1.9	1.8	2.0
Peru	220	110	105	1.0	1.0	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	165	80	80	0.8	0.7	0.7
United States of America	600	295	305	2.8	2.7	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	1,050	540	510	4.8	5.0	4.6
Europe	7,080	3,600	3,480	32.5	33.5	31.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
France	925	485	445	4.2	4.5	4.0
Germany	395	235	160	1.8	2.2	1.4
Greece	110	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hungary	105	65	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italy	440	245	195	2.0	2.3	1.8
Netherlands	105	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Poland	415	210	200	1.9	2.0	1.8
Portugal	220	115	105	1.0	1.1	0.9
Romania	1,005	500	510	4.6	4.6	4.6
Russian Federation	330	135	195	1.5	1.3	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ukraine	380	165	210	1.7	1.5	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,055	520	530	4.8	4.8	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	1,490	735	760	6.8	6.8	6.9
Africa	3,485	1,800	1,680	16.0	16.7	15.2
Algeria	460	235	225	2.1	2.2	2.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	165	90	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
Egypt	890	450	435	4.1	4.2	3.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	475	230	240	2.2	2.1	2.2
Nigeria	90	60	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Somalia	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,310	685	625	6.0	6.4	5.7
Asia	7,285	3,470	3,815	33.4	32.3	34.5
Afghanistan	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	485	270	220	2.2	2.5	2.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	410	255	155	1.9	2.4	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	95	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Turkey	120	55	60	0.6	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	765	350	415	3.5	3.3	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,140	430	705	5.2	4.0	6.4
Viet Nam	155	50	100	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
India	1,925	965	965	8.8	9.0	8.7
Pakistan	540	265	270	2.5	2.5	2.4
Sri Lanka	445	220	225	2.0	2.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,010	470	535	4.6	4.4	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,240	1,090	1,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	330	160	165	14.7	14.7	14.3
Brazil	40	20	15	1.8	1.8	1.3
Colombia	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
Haiti	45	0	45	2.0	0.0	3.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	20	10	1.6	1.8	0.9
United States of America	85	55	35	3.8	5.0	3.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	65	40	4.5	6.0	3.5
Europe	385	190	195	17.2	17.4	17.0
France	60	25	30	2.7	2.3	2.6
Germany	20	15	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.9
Russian Federation	25	0	25	1.1	0.0	2.2
Ukraine	70	35	35	3.1	3.2	3.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	30	2.9	3.7	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	130	60	65	5.8	5.5	5.7
Africa	380	200	180	17.0	18.3	15.7
Algeria	20	10	15	0.9	0.9	1.3
Burundi	25	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.7
Cameroon	80	40	35	3.6	3.7	3.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	25	15	1.8	2.3	1.3
Egypt	105	60	40	4.7	5.5	3.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Nigeria	30	25	0	1.3	2.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	1.6	0.9	2.2
Asia	1,150	540	615	51.3	49.5	53.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	65	100	7.6	6.0	8.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	415	210	205	18.5	19.3	17.8
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	25	2.2	2.3	2.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	25	15	1.6	2.3	1.3
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	85	45	40	3.8	4.1	3.5
Philippines	230	110	120	10.3	10.1	10.4
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15	1.6	1.4	1.3
Turkey	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	0	35	1.6	0.0	3.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	127,710	63,135	64,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	23,910	11,945	11,965	18.7	18.9	18.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,070	11,120	10,945	17.3	17.6	16.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	81,730	40,070	41,665	64.0	63.5	64.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,125	8,790	9,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,140	5,190	4,955	55.9	59.0	53.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,245	2,570	1,675	23.4	29.2	17.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,900	2,620	3,280	32.6	29.8	35.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,235	2,165	3,070	28.9	24.6	32.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,435	1,285	1,145	13.4	14.6	12.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	310	150	160	1.7	1.7	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,125	8,790	9,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,830	1,055	775	10.1	12.0	8.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,730	790	940	9.5	9.0	10.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	420	210	215	2.3	2.4	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	620	330	290	3.4	3.8	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,425	6,375	7,050	74.1	72.5	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	127,710	63,135	64,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	22,385	11,125	11,265	17.5	17.6	17.4
South Asian	5,505	2,735	2,775	4.3	4.3	4.3
Chinese	1,595	730	865	1.2	1.2	1.3
Black	5,285	2,730	2,555	4.1	4.3	4.0
Filipino	2,070	930	1,145	1.6	1.5	1.8
Arab	2,700	1,380	1,320	2.1	2.2	2.0
Latin American	2,330	1,205	1,120	1.8	1.9	1.7
Southeast Asian	700	275	425	0.5	0.4	0.7
West Asian	715	365	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Korean	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	190	95	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	855	445	410	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,325	52,015	53,315	82.5	82.4	82.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	127,715	63,135	64,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,020	15,210	15,805	24.3	24.1	24.5
English	8,430	4,200	4,225	6.6	6.7	6.5
Irish	13,825	6,765	7,065	10.8	10.7	10.9
Scottish	8,835	4,175	4,660	6.9	6.6	7.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,795	13,395	13,405	21.0	21.2	20.8
German	4,395	2,265	2,135	3.4	3.6	3.3
Chinese	1,860	830	1,030	1.5	1.3	1.6
Italian	8,645	4,335	4,310	6.8	6.9	6.7
Indian (India)	2,890	1,525	1,370	2.3	2.4	2.1
Ukrainian	1,925	930	1,005	1.5	1.5	1.6
Dutch	1,040	530	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Polish	2,840	1,315	1,525	2.2	2.1	2.4
Québécois	9,625	4,645	4,980	7.5	7.4	7.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,550	1,200	1,345	2.0	1.9	2.1
Filipino	1,840	800	1,035	1.4	1.3	1.6
French Canadian	7,440	3,715	3,725	5.8	5.9	5.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,170	1,020	1,140	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,565	755	815	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	640	305	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,845	875	970	1.4	1.4	1.5
Russian	1,760	865	895	1.4	1.4	1.4
Norwegian	355	145	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Welsh	690	335	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	1,645	815	825	1.3	1.3	1.3
American	1,010	445	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Spanish	1,825	830	985	1.4	1.3	1.5
Swedish	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	965	550	420	0.8	0.9	0.7
Acadian	1,125	575	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	865	410	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,055	535	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	925	455	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	700	350	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Vietnamese	460	195	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	905	475	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Greek	1,815	885	930	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jamaican	460	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	315	135	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,855	975	880	1.5	1.5	1.4
Lebanese	1,265	710	555	1.0	1.1	0.9
Iranian	665	350	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,295	640	650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	265	175	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	340	135	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	510	255	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	525	260	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	990	495	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	965	430	535	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hindu	360	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	670	325	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	750	395	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Finnish	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	540	245	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Croatian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	1,480	765	710	1.2	1.2	1.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	420	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	660	300	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	680	305	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Czech	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syrian	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	195	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afghan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkish	210	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	360	200	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Brazilian	190	95	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	615	295	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slovak	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lithuanian	310	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	275	170	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	290	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mohawk	165	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	235	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	280	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African American	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	365	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	105	90	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	445	210	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Thai	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	400	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	127,710	63,135	64,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	415	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	83,295	39,920	43,370	65.2	63.2	67.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,305	3,635	3,675	5.7	5.8	5.7
Anabaptist	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,210	1,005	1,205	1.7	1.6	1.9
Baptist	490	205	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	62,830	30,095	32,735	49.2	47.7	50.7
Christian Orthodox	4,440	2,155	2,295	3.5	3.4	3.6
Jehovah's Witness	375	155	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	620	290	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	450	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Reformed	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,130	495	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,935	1,405	1,530	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hindu	1,845	900	945	1.4	1.4	1.5
Jewish	1,335	675	665	1.0	1.1	1.0
Muslim	4,595	2,315	2,280	3.6	3.7	3.5
Sikh	1,985	995	990	1.6	1.6	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	320	120	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	33,915	18,020	15,900	26.6	28.5	24.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	126,520	62,570	63,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,810	56,425	57,385	90.0	90.2	89.7
Movers	12,715	6,150	6,565	10.0	9.8	10.3
Non-migrants	4,110	1,925	2,185	3.2	3.1	3.4
Migrants	8,605	4,225	4,380	6.8	6.8	6.8
Internal migrants	8,290	4,065	4,230	6.6	6.5	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	7,845	3,835	4,010	6.2	6.1	6.3
Interprovincial migrants	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	315	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	121,280	59,960	61,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,075	37,965	38,115	62.7	63.3	62.2
Movers	45,205	22,000	23,210	37.3	36.7	37.9
Non-migrants	8,515	4,100	4,415	7.0	6.8	7.2
Migrants	36,695	17,900	18,795	30.3	29.9	30.7
Internal migrants	34,275	16,690	17,590	28.3	27.8	28.7
Intraprovincial migrants	32,515	15,835	16,680	26.8	26.4	27.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,770	855	915	1.5	1.4	1.5
External migrants	2,415	1,210	1,200	2.0	2.0	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,525	50,805	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,455	8,955	7,500	15.9	17.6	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	87,070	41,850	45,220	84.1	82.4	85.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,520	33,620	34,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,405	3,910	2,490	9.3	11.6	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,120	29,710	32,410	90.7	88.4	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,530	50,805	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,855	7,855	7,000	14.3	15.5	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,220	12,580	12,645	24.4	24.8	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,450	30,375	33,075	61.3	59.8	62.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,890	19,220	18,670	36.6	37.8	35.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,125	8,190	4,940	12.7	16.1	9.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,320	5,175	4,150	9.0	10.2	7.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,805	3,015	790	3.7	5.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,190	9,405	11,785	20.5	18.5	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,575	1,625	1,945	3.5	3.2	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,555	11,155	14,405	24.7	22.0	27.3
Bachelor's degree	17,570	7,520	10,050	17.0	14.8	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,110	870	1,235	2.0	1.7	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	570	250	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	4,470	2,055	2,415	4.3	4.0	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	840	460	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,525	33,625	34,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,385	3,195	2,190	7.9	9.5	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,685	7,190	6,500	20.0	21.4	18.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,450	23,240	26,215	72.2	69.1	75.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,085	14,345	13,735	41.0	42.7	39.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,055	6,200	3,860	14.7	18.4	11.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,240	3,940	3,300	10.6	11.7	9.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,820	2,260	560	4.1	6.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,315	6,875	8,445	22.3	20.4	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,710	1,275	1,435	4.0	3.8	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,370	8,895	12,475	31.2	26.5	35.7
Bachelor's degree	14,690	6,060	8,635	21.4	18.0	24.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,800	695	1,105	2.6	2.1	3.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	170	270	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	3,825	1,675	2,150	5.6	5.0	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	615	290	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,530	50,805	52,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,075	20,435	19,650	38.7	40.2	37.3
Education	4,155	760	3,395	4.0	1.5	6.4
13. Education	4,155	760	3,395	4.0	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,590	1,040	1,545	2.5	2.0	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	240	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,260	805	1,455	2.2	1.6	2.8
Humanities	3,610	1,240	2,370	3.5	2.4	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	670	90	575	0.6	0.2	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	370	100	270	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,735	670	1,070	1.7	1.3	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	280	170	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	275	60	215	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,360	2,345	5,015	7.1	4.6	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	820	235	580	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,275	90	1,185	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	860	305	555	0.8	0.6	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	995	175	815	1.0	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	3,245	1,495	1,745	3.1	2.9	3.3
Business, management and public administration	14,945	5,750	9,195	14.4	11.3	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	535	130	405	0.5	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,390	5,615	8,775	13.9	11.1	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,135	1,545	1,595	3.0	3.0	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,150	410	745	1.1	0.8	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	710	345	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	240	130	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	900	600	300	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,735	1,900	835	2.6	3.7	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,290	1,720	570	2.2	3.4	1.1
25. Library science	180	25	155	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,875	11,705	1,165	12.4	23.0	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	450	265	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,235	2,650	580	3.1	5.2	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,890	2,645	240	2.8	5.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,155	2,100	60	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,925	2,845	80	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,225	1,190	35	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	455	610	1.0	0.9	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	880	355	530	0.8	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,765	1,295	5,475	6.5	2.5	10.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	290	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,015	930	5,090	5.8	1.8	9.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,215	2,335	1,880	4.1	4.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,985	425	1,560	1.9	0.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,070	865	205	1.0	1.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,130	1,015	110	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	68,520	33,620	34,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,070	10,385	8,690	27.8	30.9	24.9
Education	3,070	500	2,575	4.5	1.5	7.4
13. Education	3,070	500	2,575	4.5	1.5	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,015	805	1,205	2.9	2.4	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	155	75	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,775	650	1,135	2.6	1.9	3.3
Humanities	2,465	800	1,665	3.6	2.4	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	520	65	450	0.8	0.2	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	270	65	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,100	410	685	1.6	1.2	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	215	125	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,860	1,780	4,080	8.6	5.3	11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	695	190	505	1.0	0.6	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,100	75	1,025	1.6	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	665	210	455	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	805	145	660	1.2	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,460	1,125	1,330	3.6	3.3	3.8
Business, management and public administration	11,925	4,445	7,480	17.4	13.2	21.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	100	315	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,505	4,345	7,160	16.8	12.9	20.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,145	1,035	1,105	3.1	3.1	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	940	310	630	1.4	0.9	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	145	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	730	475	255	1.1	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,305	1,595	705	3.4	4.7	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,980	1,485	500	2.9	4.4	1.4
25. Library science	150	15	130	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,105	9,085	1,025	14.7	27.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	365	210	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,785	2,240	545	4.1	6.7	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,170	1,985	180	3.2	5.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,585	45	2.4	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,230	2,165	70	3.3	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	935	900	25	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	885	350	535	1.3	1.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	750	275	475	1.1	0.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	5,305	990	4,315	7.7	2.9	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	215	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,725	735	3,990	6.9	2.2	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,370	1,850	1,520	4.9	5.5	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,605	340	1,270	2.3	1.0	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	690	165	1.2	2.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	885	795	90	1.3	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	68,520	33,620	34,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,070	10,385	8,690	27.8	30.9	24.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,450	23,240	26,210	72.2	69.1	75.1
Location of study inside Canada	42,365	19,785	22,580	61.8	58.8	64.7
Same as province or territory of residence	39,725	18,525	21,200	58.0	55.1	60.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,640	1,255	1,380	3.9	3.7	4.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,085	3,455	3,630	10.3	10.3	10.4
Americas	1,445	760	690	2.1	2.3	2.0
United States of America	555	300	250	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mexico	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	110	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,470	1,265	1,205	3.6	3.8	3.5
Belgium	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	525	320	210	0.8	1.0	0.6
Germany	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	425	210	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	180	80	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	190	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	235	125	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Africa	1,075	545	525	1.6	1.6	1.5
Nigeria	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	375	190	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	270	150	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Asia	2,070	880	1,190	3.0	2.6	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	310	135	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	415	165	250	0.6	0.5	0.7
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	555	245	310	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pakistan	135	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australia	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,530	50,805	52,720	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,650	36,890	34,760	...	...	...
Employed	66,825	34,360	32,460	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,835	2,530	2,305	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,875	13,915	17,955	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.2	72.6	65.9	69.2	72.6	65.9
Employment rate	64.5	67.6	61.6	64.5	67.6	61.6
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.9	6.6	6.7	6.9	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,530	50,805	52,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,390	13,690	17,695	30.3	26.9	33.6
Worked	72,140	37,115	35,025	69.7	73.1	66.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,610	21,910	18,695	39.2	43.1	35.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,530	15,200	16,330	30.5	29.9	31.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.8	41.5	42.2	42.8	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,655	36,890	34,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125	565	560	1.6	1.5	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,530	36,325	34,200	98.4	98.5	98.4
Employee	60,995	30,305	30,695	85.1	82.1	88.3
Permanent position	52,945	26,650	26,295	73.9	72.2	75.6
Temporary position	8,045	3,650	4,395	11.2	9.9	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,630	960	1,665	3.7	2.6	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,415	2,685	2,730	7.6	7.3	7.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,535	6,020	3,515	13.3	16.3	10.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,655	36,890	34,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125	565	560	1.6	1.5	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,530	36,325	34,200	98.4	98.5	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,610	1,235	370	2.2	3.3	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,825	4,230	9,590	19.3	11.5	27.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,750	5,040	1,710	9.4	13.7	4.9
3 Health occupations	4,800	715	4,085	6.7	1.9	11.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,005	2,135	5,875	11.2	5.8	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,110	870	1,240	2.9	2.4	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	17,890	8,455	9,435	25.0	22.9	27.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,765	10,795	975	16.4	29.3	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,015	835	180	1.4	2.3	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,755	2,015	735	3.8	5.5	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,655	36,890	34,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125	565	560	1.6	1.5	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	70,530	36,325	34,200	98.4	98.5	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	575	400	175	0.8	1.1	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	185	145	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	465	305	160	0.6	0.8	0.5
23 Construction	4,400	3,670	730	6.1	9.9	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	7,590	5,185	2,410	10.6	14.1	6.9
41 Wholesale trade	5,230	2,980	2,250	7.3	8.1	6.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,455	4,140	4,315	11.8	11.2	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,885	4,155	1,735	8.2	11.3	5.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,340	840	500	1.9	2.3	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,520	1,040	1,475	3.5	2.8	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,100	595	505	1.5	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,715	3,535	3,180	9.4	9.6	9.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,680	1,645	1,035	3.7	4.5	3.0
61 Educational services	5,285	1,280	4,010	7.4	3.5	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,535	1,125	6,410	10.5	3.0	18.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,225	660	565	1.7	1.8	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,435	1,645	1,790	4.8	4.5	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,540	1,225	1,315	3.5	3.3	3.8
91 Public administration	3,250	1,700	1,545	4.5	4.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,235	39,175	37,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,305	7,180	6,125	17.5	18.3	16.5
French	23,065	11,790	11,280	30.3	30.1	30.4
Non-official language	175	125	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	125	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	38,170	19,340	18,825	50.1	49.4	50.8
English and non-official language(s)	475	275	205	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	965	425	545	1.3	1.1	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,235	39,175	37,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,690	34,400	32,290	87.5	87.8	87.1
Official languages	66,375	34,205	32,170	87.1	87.3	86.8
English	26,815	13,915	12,900	35.2	35.5	34.8
French	39,560	20,285	19,270	51.9	51.8	52.0
Non-official languages	315	195	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	315	195	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	250	160	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,540	4,775	4,770	12.5	12.2	12.9
English and French	9,205	4,610	4,595	12.1	11.8	12.4
English and non-official language(s)	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,235	39,175	37,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,715	23,730	21,980	60.0	60.6	59.3
English	16,350	8,410	7,935	21.4	21.5	21.4
French	13,040	6,480	6,565	17.1	16.5	17.7
Non-official language	545	260	285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	535	260	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	220	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	270	135	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	66,820	34,360	32,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,670	8,035	8,640	24.9	23.4	26.6
Worked outside Canada	135	105	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,235	5,475	1,760	10.8	15.9	5.4
Usual place of work	42,780	20,745	22,035	64.0	60.4	67.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,785	20,745	22,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,290	4,005	5,285	21.7	19.3	24.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,500	4,145	5,350	22.2	20.0	24.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,395	12,315	11,080	54.7	59.4	50.3
Commute to a different province or territory	605	280	320	1.4	1.3	1.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,020	26,225	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,235	24,545	21,690	92.4	93.6	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,480	23,445	20,030	86.9	89.4	84.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,755	1,100	1,655	5.5	4.2	7.0
Public transit	1,440	535	905	2.9	2.0	3.8
Walked	1,085	425	660	2.2	1.6	2.8
Bicycle	385	285	95	0.8	1.1	0.4
Other method	875	425	445	1.7	1.6	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,020	26,225	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,610	5,190	6,425	23.2	19.8	27.0
15 to 29 minutes	17,380	8,580	8,795	34.7	32.7	37.0
30 to 44 minutes	12,530	7,485	5,040	25.0	28.5	21.2
45 to 59 minutes	4,755	2,755	2,000	9.5	10.5	8.4
60 minutes and over	3,745	2,210	1,530	7.5	8.4	6.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,020	26,225	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,210	3,280	930	8.4	12.5	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,785	6,135	3,650	19.6	23.4	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,610	6,175	7,435	27.2	23.5	31.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,730	4,095	5,635	19.5	15.6	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,480	2,340	3,135	11.0	8.9	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,200	4,195	3,005	14.4	16.0	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,925	15,300	14,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,465	6,275	6,185	41.7	41.0	42.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,465	9,025	8,440	58.4	59.0	57.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,815	11,720	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,485	4,815	4,670	41.6	41.1	42.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,715	3,920	3,800	33.8	33.4	34.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,770	895	875	7.8	7.6	7.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,330	6,905	6,420	58.4	58.9	57.9

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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