Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-RivièresMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,065	54,735	59,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,155	7,805	7,345	13.3	14.3	12.4
0 to 4 years	4,775	2,420	2,350	4.2	4.4	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,090	2,615	2,475	4.5	4.8	4.2
10 to 14 years	5,295	2,775	2,520	4.6	5.1	4.2
15 to 64 years	67,370	33,425	33,945	59.1	61.1	57.2
15 to 19 years	5,185	2,625	2,555	4.5	4.8	4.3
20 to 24 years	7,050	3,520	3,530	6.2	6.4	5.9
25 to 29 years	7,250	3,730	3,525	6.4	6.8	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,270	3,215	3,055	5.5	5.9	5.1
35 to 39 years	6,380	3,250	3,130	5.6	5.9	5.3
40 to 44 years	6,475	3,295	3,180	5.7	6.0	5.4
45 to 49 years	5,555	2,755	2,790	4.9	5.0	4.7
50 to 54 years	5,975	2,900	3,080	5.2	5.3	5.2
55 to 59 years	8,030	3,780	4,250	7.0	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	9,200	4,355	4,845	8.1	8.0	8.2
65 years and over	31,540	13,505	18,040	27.7	24.7	30.4
65 to 69 years	8,675	4,090	4,585	7.6	7.5	7.7
70 to 74 years	7,810	3,570	4,235	6.8	6.5	7.1
75 to 79 years	6,090	2,650	3,440	5.3	4.8	5.8
80 to 84 years	4,240	1,680	2,560	3.7	3.1	4.3
85 years and over	4,735	1,515	3,220	4.2	2.8	5.4
85 to 89 years	2,775	970	1,805	2.4	1.8	3.0
90 to 94 years	1,535	470	1,070	1.3	0.9	1.8
95 to 99 years	370	70	300	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	14.3	12.4	13.3	14.3	12.4
15 to 64 years	59.1	61.1	57.2	59.1	61.1	57.2
65 years and over	27.7	24.7	30.4	27.7	24.7	30.4
85 years and over	4.2	2.8	5.4	4.2	2.8	5.4
Average age of the population	46.4	44.6	48.1	46.4	44.6	48.1
Median age of the population	47.6	44.8	50.8	47.6	44.8	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,905	...	...	35.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,085	...	...	7.3	...	...
Row house	1,715	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,590	...	...	8.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	24,560	...	...	43.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,115	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	24,830	...	...	44.1	...	...
2 persons	19,620	...	...	34.9	...	...
3 persons	5,505	...	...	9.8	...	...
4 persons	4,270	...	...	7.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,025	...	...	3.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,760	52,955	55,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,910	46,925	51,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,660	24,840	24,820	50.2	52.9	47.7
Married	25,295	12,685	12,610	25.6	27.0	24.3
Living common-law	24,370	12,160	12,210	24.6	25.9	23.5
Living common law - Never married	19,305	9,565	9,745	19.5	20.4	18.7
Living common law - Separated	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,245	2,210	2,040	4.3	4.7	3.9
Living common law - Widowed	570	265	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	49,250	22,085	27,165	49.8	47.1	52.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,260	16,810	15,450	32.6	35.8	29.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,270	550	720	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,515	3,125	5,390	8.6	6.7	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,200	1,600	5,605	7.3	3.4	10.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,590	...	...	63.2	...	...
3 persons	5,015	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	4,090	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,725	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,145	...	...	82.1	...	...
Married couples	11,965	...	...	40.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,530	...	...	12.0	...	...
Without children	8,425	...	...	28.6	...	...
Common-law couples	12,180	...	...	41.4	...	...
With children⁶	5,375	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	6,805	...	...	23.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,275	...	...	17.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,915	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,760	52,955	55,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,890	38,455	39,430	71.6	72.6	70.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,280	24,100	24,175	44.4	45.5	43.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,275	1,360	3,920	4.9	2.6	7.0
Children⁶	24,330	12,995	11,335	22.4	24.5	20.3
In a two-parent family	16,555	8,750	7,805	15.2	16.5	14.0
In a one-parent family	7,775	4,245	3,530	7.1	8.0	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30,870	14,500	16,375	28.4	27.4	29.3
Living alone	24,830	11,255	13,570	22.8	21.3	24.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,930	870	1,060	1.8	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,115	2,370	1,745	3.8	4.5	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,055	...	...	49.9	...	...
Couple-family households	23,295	...	...	41.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,570	...	...	15.2	...	...
Without children	14,730	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,760	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	350	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	760	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,190	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	24,825	...	...	44.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,625	45,155	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,705	44,210	47,495	97.9	97.9	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,200	37,200	42,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,735	44,230	47,505	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	30,200	33,600	36,800	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,255	39,735	40,515	85.7	88.0	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	24,600	29,600	34,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,850	30,980	28,865	63.9	68.6	59.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	34,800	28,800	31,800	34,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,425	36,845	42,580	84.8	81.6	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,800	13,100	12,600	11,800	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,155	5,930	5,230	11.9	13.1	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,480	5,400	5,440	5,480	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,440	12,780	11,655	26.1	28.3	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,655	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,840	44,230	47,610	98.1	97.9	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,440	51,040	40,200	45,440	51,040	40,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,875	44,255	47,620	98.1	98.0	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	42,040	34,600	38,200	42,040	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,335	39,670	40,665	85.8	87.8	83.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	45,720	33,000	39,280	45,720	33,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,885	30,845	29,040	63.9	68.3	59.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	44,520	36,280	40,520	44,520	36,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,400	36,865	42,535	84.8	81.6	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,050	13,460	12,800	12,050	13,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,335	6,000	5,330	12.1	13.3	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	6,160	6,840	6,480	6,160	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,315	12,625	11,685	26.0	28.0	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,830	8,170	8,000	7,830	8,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,655	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,880	14,275	12,600	28.7	31.6	26.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,000	49,200	53,600	58,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,850	66,900	56,100	61,850	66,900	56,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,780	12,340	13,435	27.5	27.3	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,400	16,400	17,600	19,400	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	29,360	23,060	26,080	29,360	23,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	80.4	70.2	75.6	80.4	70.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.2	60.8	55.0	58.2	60.8	55.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.4	19.7	29.9	24.4	19.7	29.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.1	6.2	5.6	5.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.4	5.0	4.7	4.4	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,625	45,155	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,915	945	975	2.1	2.1	2.0
With total income	91,705	44,210	47,495	98.0	97.9	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,405	3,215	6.1	5.4	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,660	4,850	7,810	13.8	11.0	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,780	7,530	10,245	19.4	17.0	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,280	6,210	7,070	14.5	14.0	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,105	5,930	6,180	13.2	13.4	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,305	4,775	4,530	10.2	10.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,120	3,345	2,770	6.7	7.6	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,120	2,420	1,700	4.5	5.5	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	1,720	1,325	3.3	3.9	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,100	1,240	855	2.3	2.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,575	3,780	1,795	6.1	8.6	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,060	2,705	1,355	4.4	6.1	2.8
$150,000 and over	1,515	1,075	440	1.7	2.4	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,625	45,155	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,885	925	965	2.0	2.0	2.0
With after-tax income	91,735	44,230	47,505	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,155	2,505	3,650	6.7	5.7	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,165	5,145	8,020	14.4	11.6	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	20,725	8,905	11,820	22.6	20.1	24.9
$30,000 to $39,999	16,360	7,980	8,385	17.8	18.0	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	13,640	7,035	6,600	14.9	15.9	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,265	4,570	3,695	9.0	10.3	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,970	2,760	2,210	5.4	6.3	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,215	1,815	1,395	3.5	4.1	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980	1,265	715	2.2	2.8	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	775	375	1.3	1.8	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,110	1,470	635	2.3	3.3	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,155	800	350	1.3	1.8	0.7
$125,000 and over	955	670	290	1.0	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,625	45,155	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	33,775	14,170	19,600	36.1	31.4	40.4
With employment income	59,850	30,980	28,865	63.9	68.6	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,340	4,450	3,885	13.9	14.4	13.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,230	2,420	2,810	8.7	7.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,260	3,695	4,565	13.8	11.9	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,975	3,370	3,605	11.7	10.9	12.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,505	3,255	3,255	10.9	10.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,080	2,900	3,180	10.2	9.4	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,765	2,535	2,230	8.0	8.2	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,500	2,000	1,505	5.9	6.4	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,515	1,495	1,020	4.2	4.8	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,140	1,190	945	3.6	3.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,450	850	605	2.4	2.7	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,085	2,835	1,245	6.8	9.1	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,145	1,485	665	3.6	4.8	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,940	1,355	585	3.2	4.4	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,625	45,155	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,490	43,600	46,895	96.7	96.6	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,600	34,000	39,600	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,570	43,605	46,965	96.7	96.6	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	34,800	27,200	30,800	34,800	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,275	39,335	39,940	84.7	87.1	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,600	25,400	30,400	35,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,580	31,255	29,330	64.7	69.2	60.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,400	31,600	35,200	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,515	33,590	39,930	78.5	74.4	82.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,300	10,200	9,200	8,300	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,810	5,315	4,495	10.5	11.8	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,680	4,440	4,520	4,680	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,655	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,540	43,570	46,970	96.7	96.5	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,280	37,080	42,480	48,280	37,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,630	43,585	47,050	96.8	96.5	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,680	31,840	35,600	39,680	31,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,235	39,155	40,080	84.6	86.7	82.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	45,800	32,680	39,160	45,800	32,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,590	31,025	29,565	64.7	68.7	61.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	44,280	34,760	39,640	44,280	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,420	33,560	39,860	78.4	74.3	82.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,080	9,210	10,820	10,080	9,210	10,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,045	5,340	4,705	10.7	11.8	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	5,845	7,090	6,430	5,845	7,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,655	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,780	14,200	12,585	28.6	31.4	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	53,200	44,800	49,200	53,200	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,950	62,400	50,800	56,950	62,400	50,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,460	11,725	12,735	26.1	26.0	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	23,800	19,200	21,200	23,800	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,880	34,400	25,680	29,880	34,400	25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.8	85.4	75.2	80.8	85.4	75.2
Employment income (%)	62.5	65.4	59.0	62.5	65.4	59.0
Government transfers (%)	19.2	14.7	24.8	19.2	14.7	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	30,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,040	...	...	40,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,320	...	...	34,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	515	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	510	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,305	...	...	2.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,965	...	...	3.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,915	...	...	8.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,900	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,780	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,145	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,250	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,065	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,350	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,515	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,675	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,100	...	...	23.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,885	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,975	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,130	...	...	5.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,115	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	555	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	515	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,330	...	...	2.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,045	...	...	3.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,205	...	...	9.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,655	...	...	6.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,425	...	...	6.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,910	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,825	...	...	6.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,335	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,450	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,580	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,800	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,195	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,480	...	...	4.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,950	...	...	15.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,110	...	...	7.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,285	...	...	4.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,560	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,945	13,630	15,315	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,000	30,800	32,000	34,000	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	30,800	28,800	29,600	30,800	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...	75,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,990	13,740	15,250	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,600	40,280	37,080	38,600	40,280	37,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,280	34,120	32,520	33,280	34,120	32,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,760	52,955	55,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,070	9,305	8,760	16.6	17.6	15.7
0 to 5 years	5,765	2,925	2,835	5.3	5.5	5.1
18 to 64 years	63,920	31,545	32,370	58.8	59.6	58.0
65 years and over	26,780	12,105	14,675	24.6	22.9	26.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,995	8,130	9,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,430	1,255	1,170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	850	415	430	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,375	4,670	4,705	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,190	2,205	3,985	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	15.4	17.7	16.5	15.4	17.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	13.5	13.4	13.4	13.5	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7	14.3	15.1	14.7	14.3	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	14.8	14.5	14.7	14.8	14.5
65 years and over (%)	23.1	18.2	27.2	23.1	18.2	27.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,760	52,955	55,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,070	9,305	8,760	16.6	17.6	15.7
0 to 5 years	5,765	2,925	2,835	5.3	5.5	5.1
18 to 64 years	63,920	31,545	32,370	58.8	59.6	58.0
65 years and over	26,780	12,105	14,675	24.6	22.9	26.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,385	3,310	3,070	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	655	365	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	115	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,250	2,755	2,495	...	...	...
65 years and over	470	190	285	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	6.3	5.5	5.9	6.3	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.3	3.7	3.9	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.7	7.7	8.2	8.7	7.7
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,760	52,955	55,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,790	33,090	36,700	64.2	62.5	65.8
In bottom decile	15,495	7,145	8,350	14.2	13.5	15.0
In second decile	14,935	6,940	7,995	13.7	13.1	14.3
In third decile	14,170	6,725	7,445	13.0	12.7	13.3
In fourth decile	13,555	6,515	7,040	12.5	12.3	12.6
In fifth decile	11,635	5,765	5,865	10.7	10.9	10.5
In top half of the distribution	38,975	19,865	19,105	35.8	37.5	34.2
In sixth decile	10,330	5,235	5,095	9.5	9.9	9.1
In seventh decile	9,165	4,615	4,555	8.4	8.7	8.2
In eighth decile	8,310	4,205	4,105	7.6	7.9	7.4
In ninth decile	6,435	3,350	3,085	5.9	6.3	5.5
In top decile	4,730	2,460	2,265	4.3	4.6	4.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,760	...	...	108,760	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.472	...	...	0.472	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,800	53,870	57,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	345	205	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
French only	73,380	32,630	40,750	65.6	60.6	70.3
English and French	37,710	20,855	16,855	33.7	38.7	29.1
Neither English nor French	360	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,800	53,870	57,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,620	835	790	1.4	1.6	1.4
French	108,765	52,285	56,480	97.3	97.1	97.5
English and French	1,080	595	485	1.0	1.1	0.8
Neither English nor French	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,800	53,870	57,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,145	52,990	57,160	98.5	98.4	98.7
Official languages	105,575	50,665	54,905	94.4	94.1	94.8
English	1,325	675	650	1.2	1.3	1.1
French	104,255	49,995	54,255	93.3	92.8	93.7
Non-official languages	4,570	2,320	2,255	4.1	4.3	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,300	2,200	2,105	3.8	4.1	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,180	665	510	1.1	1.2	0.9
Berber languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,075	620	460	1.0	1.2	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,070	615	455	1.0	1.1	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,015	995	1,025	1.8	1.8	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,660	805	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,410	675	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,650	885	765	1.5	1.6	1.3
English and French	830	430	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	640	360	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,800	53,870	57,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	605	325	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	102,325	48,885	53,440	91.5	90.7	92.3
Non-official language	1,340	690	655	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,260	650	615	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	3,750	2,075	1,670	3.4	3.9	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,735	1,330	1,405	2.4	2.5	2.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	800	435	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,800	53,870	57,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,035	52,960	57,075	98.4	98.3	98.5
Official languages	107,540	51,680	55,855	96.2	95.9	96.4
English	1,040	540	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	106,500	51,145	55,355	95.3	94.9	95.6
Non-official languages	2,495	1,280	1,215	2.2	2.4	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,360	1,210	1,150	2.1	2.2	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	255	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,315	660	655	1.2	1.2	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,165	580	585	1.0	1.1	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,025	510	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,760	910	850	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and French	745	390	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	860	435	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,800	53,870	57,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,800	50,680	55,115	94.6	94.1	95.1
English	2,880	1,635	1,245	2.6	3.0	2.1
French	1,160	580	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
Non-official language	1,255	615	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,205	600	605	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,845	52,985	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,515	52,810	55,705	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	37,665	20,865	16,800	34.6	39.4	30.1
French	108,140	52,595	55,545	99.4	99.3	99.4
Non-official languages	9,190	4,615	4,580	8.4	8.7	8.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	360	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	355	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	340	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,830	4,460	4,375	8.1	8.4	7.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,615	930	685	1.5	1.8	1.2
Berber languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,555	900	655	1.4	1.7	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,545	890	655	1.4	1.7	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	315	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,280	2,540	2,745	4.9	4.8	4.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	315	185	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	275	160	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	270	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,615	2,165	2,455	4.2	4.1	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	4,190	1,965	2,220	3.8	3.7	4.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	945	510	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	135	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	255	135	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	135	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	335	135	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	125	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,845	52,980	55,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,200	1,010	1,190	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,025	935	1,090	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,335	625	710	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	650	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,645	51,975	54,670	98.0	98.1	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,845	52,980	55,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	965	425	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,880	52,555	55,320	99.1	99.2	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,075	...	...	49.9	...	...
Renter	28,160	...	...	50.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,350	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not condominium	49,880	...	...	88.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	10,315	...	...	18.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,015	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,635	...	...	29.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,995	...	...	17.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,685	...	...	40.3	...	...
5 rooms	10,780	...	...	19.2	...	...
6 rooms	5,325	...	...	9.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,905	...	...	8.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,540	...	...	22.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	56,030	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	55,370	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	860	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,785	...	...	24.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,590	...	...	31.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,080	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,045	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,475	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,265	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,635	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,375	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,050	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,180	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,985	...	...	64.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,445	...	...	34.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	805	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,135	...	...	5.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,635	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,145	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,310	...	...	13.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,310	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,695	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,180	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,820	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	48,175	...	...	86.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,870	...	...	14.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,220	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,205	...	...	19.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,255	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	710	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,545	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,030	...	...	80.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,225	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not in core need	53,180	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.0	...	...	58.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	941	...	...	941	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	225,200	...	...	225,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,160	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.2	...	...	21.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	624	...	...	624	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	666	...	...	666	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,845	52,985	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,175	940	1,240	2.0	1.8	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,150	920	1,230	2.0	1.7	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,945	840	1,110	1.8	1.6	2.0
Métis single ancestry	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,565	1,255	1,315	2.4	2.4	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,545	1,245	1,300	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,300	1,100	1,200	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,105	50,795	53,310	95.6	95.9	95.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,845	52,980	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,305	50,505	53,805	95.8	95.3	96.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,285	8,840	8,445	15.9	16.7	15.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,020	41,655	45,360	79.9	78.6	81.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,540	2,485	2,055	4.2	4.7	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,845	52,980	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,035	48,870	52,165	92.8	92.2	93.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,520	2,785	2,735	5.1	5.3	4.9
Before 1980	440	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	415	180	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,685	845	840	1.5	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,675	1,395	1,280	2.5	2.6	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,295	720	570	1.2	1.4	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,385	675	705	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,290	1,325	965	2.1	2.5	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,520	2,785	2,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	745	360	385	13.5	12.9	14.1
5 to 14 years	1,060	525	540	19.2	18.9	19.8
15 to 24 years	825	410	415	14.9	14.7	15.2
25 to 44 years	2,530	1,290	1,235	45.8	46.3	45.2
45 years and over	360	205	155	6.5	7.4	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,520	2,785	2,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,550	715	835	28.1	25.7	30.6
Brazil	90	60	30	1.6	2.2	1.1
Colombia	690	310	385	12.5	11.1	14.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	205	95	105	3.7	3.4	3.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	105	45	65	1.9	1.6	2.4
Peru	35	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	95	40	60	1.7	1.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	325	150	170	5.9	5.4	6.2
Europe	1,165	595	570	21.1	21.4	20.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	700	385	305	12.7	13.8	11.2
Germany	50	25	25	0.9	0.9	0.9
Greece	60	40	20	1.1	1.4	0.7
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	210	80	125	3.8	2.9	4.6
Africa	2,110	1,170	945	38.2	42.0	34.6
Algeria	240	155	85	4.3	5.6	3.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	105	105	3.9	3.8	3.8
Egypt	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	365	215	150	6.6	7.7	5.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,280	680	600	23.2	24.4	22.0
Asia	695	305	390	12.6	11.0	14.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Iraq	40	25	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Lebanon	85	45	40	1.5	1.6	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	95	50	40	1.7	1.8	1.5
Turkey	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	40	115	2.9	1.4	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Taiwan	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Philippines	65	20	45	1.2	0.7	1.6
Viet Nam	80	30	50	1.4	1.1	1.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	30	50	1.4	1.1	1.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,385	675	710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	245	120	120	17.7	17.8	16.9
Brazil	15	10	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
Colombia	75	45	35	5.4	6.7	4.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	3.2	3.7	2.8
United States of America	20	20	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	25	55	5.8	3.7	7.7
Europe	185	105	75	13.4	15.6	10.6
France	100	65	45	7.2	9.6	6.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20	4.0	5.2	2.8
Africa	725	340	385	52.3	50.4	54.2
Algeria	45	30	15	3.2	4.4	2.1
Burundi	25	15	10	1.8	2.2	1.4
Cameroon	155	80	75	11.2	11.9	10.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	35	15	3.6	5.2	2.1
Côte d'Ivoire	165	55	105	11.9	8.1	14.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	15	25	3.6	2.2	3.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	20	10	2.5	3.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	205	90	115	14.8	13.3	16.2
Asia	230	105	125	16.6	15.6	17.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.8	0.0	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	20	1.8	1.5	2.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	20	2.9	1.5	2.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	5.8	6.7	4.9
Turkey	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	2.2	1.5	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,845	52,980	55,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,205	4,245	3,955	7.5	8.0	7.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,245	2,145	2,105	3.9	4.0	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	96,395	46,595	49,800	88.6	87.9	89.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,080	2,580	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,620	1,455	1,165	51.6	56.4	46.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,205	855	350	23.7	33.1	14.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,415	600	815	27.9	23.3	32.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,145	460	685	22.5	17.8	27.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,300	645	655	25.6	25.0	26.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,080	2,580	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	130	60	70	2.6	2.3	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	415	225	185	8.2	8.7	7.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	120	75	3.8	4.7	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365	245	120	7.2	9.5	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,935	1,915	2,030	77.5	74.2	81.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,845	52,985	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,570	3,935	3,635	7.0	7.4	6.5
South Asian	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	425	145	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	3,510	1,855	1,650	3.2	3.5	3.0
Filipino	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,295	770	525	1.2	1.5	0.9
Latin American	1,500	740	765	1.4	1.4	1.4
Southeast Asian	275	130	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	101,275	49,050	52,225	93.0	92.6	93.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,840	52,985	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	41,000	19,420	21,585	37.7	36.7	38.6
English	955	465	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Irish	3,440	1,605	1,835	3.2	3.0	3.3
Scottish	1,520	805	715	1.4	1.5	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,335	12,695	12,635	23.3	24.0	22.6
German	1,170	565	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	420	140	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	975	460	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indian (India)	255	160	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	235	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Québécois	15,155	7,220	7,935	13.9	13.6	14.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	140	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	75	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	10,145	4,895	5,245	9.3	9.2	9.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,505	1,240	1,265	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,745	775	965	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	465	245	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,200	1,650	1,550	2.9	3.1	2.8
Russian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	120	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
American	620	275	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	575	250	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	1,140	515	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	715	385	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	630	335	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Greek	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	255	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	980	480	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belgian	470	240	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	380	195	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	835	415	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	415	265	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	270	165	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Brazilian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	335	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	215	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	205	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	55	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	555	230	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	420	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bamileke	90	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	150	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,845	52,985	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	76,595	35,785	40,805	70.4	67.5	73.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,815	2,385	2,430	4.4	4.5	4.4
Anabaptist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	69,540	32,355	37,185	63.9	61.1	66.6
Christian Orthodox	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	395	145	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	805	380	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hindu	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	2,125	1,200	930	2.0	2.3	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	29,535	15,740	13,795	27.1	29.7	24.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,965	52,525	55,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,530	45,425	48,095	86.6	86.5	86.8
Movers	14,440	7,095	7,340	13.4	13.5	13.2
Non-migrants	9,660	4,675	4,985	8.9	8.9	9.0
Migrants	4,775	2,425	2,355	4.4	4.6	4.2
Internal migrants	4,220	2,115	2,100	3.9	4.0	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,060	2,060	2,000	3.8	3.9	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	560	310	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,100	50,465	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,405	29,215	31,195	58.0	57.9	58.2
Movers	43,695	21,255	22,440	42.0	42.1	41.8
Non-migrants	25,215	11,965	13,255	24.2	23.7	24.7
Migrants	18,480	9,295	9,185	17.8	18.4	17.1
Internal migrants	15,465	7,625	7,840	14.9	15.1	14.6
Intraprovincial migrants	14,915	7,370	7,545	14.3	14.6	14.1
Interprovincial migrants	550	250	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
External migrants	3,015	1,670	1,345	2.9	3.3	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,660	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,155	9,215	8,940	19.4	20.4	18.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,500	35,945	39,560	80.6	79.6	81.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,705	26,920	27,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,990	4,580	3,410	14.6	17.0	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,715	22,340	24,375	85.4	83.0	87.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,660	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,145	7,725	8,420	17.2	17.1	17.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,035	9,745	11,290	22.5	21.6	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,475	27,690	28,785	60.3	61.3	59.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,490	19,090	18,400	40.0	42.3	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,780	9,670	6,115	16.8	21.4	12.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,655	6,455	5,200	12.4	14.3	10.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,120	3,210	915	4.4	7.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,965	7,870	10,090	19.2	17.4	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,745	1,550	2,190	4.0	3.4	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,990	8,600	10,390	20.3	19.0	21.4
Bachelor's degree	12,295	5,340	6,960	13.1	11.8	14.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,440	670	770	1.5	1.5	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	300	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	3,770	1,835	1,930	4.0	4.1	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	850	460	390	0.9	1.0	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,705	26,920	27,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,580	3,570	3,010	12.0	13.3	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,975	4,475	4,500	16.4	16.6	16.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,150	18,875	20,275	71.6	70.1	73.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,110	12,870	12,240	45.9	47.8	44.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,270	6,785	4,495	20.6	25.2	16.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,410	4,575	3,830	15.4	17.0	13.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,860	2,205	655	5.2	8.2	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,620	5,090	6,530	21.2	18.9	23.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,215	1,000	1,220	4.0	3.7	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,035	6,005	8,035	25.7	22.3	28.9
Bachelor's degree	8,880	3,700	5,175	16.2	13.7	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,005	400	605	1.8	1.5	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	210	310	0.9	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	3,020	1,395	1,620	5.5	5.2	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	610	290	320	1.1	1.1	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,655	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,180	17,470	19,715	39.7	38.7	40.6
Education	4,790	1,180	3,610	5.1	2.6	7.4
13. Education	4,790	1,180	3,610	5.1	2.6	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	705	850	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,335	570	760	1.4	1.3	1.6
Humanities	2,970	1,270	1,700	3.2	2.8	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	330	80	250	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,375	605	770	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	270	165	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	495	175	320	0.5	0.4	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,490	1,280	3,215	4.8	2.8	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	670	235	440	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	45	740	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	605	210	400	0.6	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,505	360	1,150	1.6	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	720	385	340	0.8	0.9	0.7
Business, management and public administration	13,220	4,925	8,290	14.1	10.9	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	760	215	545	0.8	0.5	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,460	4,710	7,750	13.3	10.4	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,225	1,240	990	2.4	2.7	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715	295	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	510	220	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
40. Physical sciences	610	475	140	0.7	1.1	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,805	1,250	550	1.9	2.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,425	1,095	330	1.5	2.4	0.7
25. Library science	220	45	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,905	10,960	950	12.7	24.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	340	190	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,835	1,590	245	2.0	3.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,540	2,310	235	2.7	5.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,575	2,470	105	2.7	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,630	2,510	115	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,985	1,885	100	2.1	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	700	410	1.2	1.6	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550	215	335	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	560	485	75	0.6	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	8,065	1,680	6,380	8.6	3.7	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	595	320	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,130	1,215	5,915	7.6	2.7	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,340	2,500	1,845	4.6	5.5	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,210	645	1,565	2.4	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	975	800	170	1.0	1.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,140	1,040	100	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,705	26,920	27,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,555	8,050	7,510	28.4	29.9	27.0
Education	2,775	635	2,140	5.1	2.4	7.7
13. Education	2,775	635	2,140	5.1	2.4	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,100	520	580	2.0	1.9	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	100	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	930	420	515	1.7	1.6	1.9
Humanities	1,600	675	930	2.9	2.5	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	40	200	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	330	335	1.2	1.2	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	185	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	275	90	175	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,330	880	2,445	6.1	3.3	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550	180	370	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	30	545	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	445	145	305	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,115	255	870	2.0	0.9	3.1
45. Social sciences	485	240	250	0.9	0.9	0.9
Business, management and public administration	9,370	3,280	6,090	17.1	12.2	21.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	135	405	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,830	3,140	5,685	16.1	11.7	20.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,215	710	505	2.2	2.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	200	325	1.0	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	65	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
40. Physical sciences	405	305	100	0.7	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,405	990	415	2.6	3.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,205	920	290	2.2	3.4	1.0
25. Library science	110	10	100	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,375	7,525	850	15.3	28.0	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	270	150	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,495	1,260	235	2.7	4.7	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,805	1,585	220	3.3	5.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,755	1,670	85	3.2	6.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,720	1,620	100	3.1	6.0	0.4
48. Precision production	1,330	1,245	90	2.4	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	880	545	335	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	165	275	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	380	60	0.8	1.4	0.2
Health and related fields	5,825	1,260	4,560	10.6	4.7	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	240	230	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,050	905	4,145	9.2	3.4	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	110	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,270	1,850	1,420	6.0	6.9	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,675	470	1,200	3.1	1.7	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	735	605	130	1.3	2.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	855	765	90	1.6	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,705	26,920	27,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,555	8,050	7,510	28.4	29.9	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,150	18,870	20,275	71.6	70.1	73.0
Location of study inside Canada	36,915	17,685	19,225	67.5	65.7	69.2
Same as province or territory of residence	36,435	17,440	18,995	66.6	64.8	68.4
Different than province or territory of residence	480	250	230	0.9	0.9	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,235	1,185	1,050	4.1	4.4	3.8
Americas	615	290	325	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexico	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	230	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	655	390	270	1.2	1.4	1.0
Belgium	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	465	270	195	0.9	1.0	0.7
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	710	400	310	1.3	1.5	1.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	145	95	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Morocco	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	375	205	170	0.7	0.8	0.6
Asia	250	105	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,655	45,160	48,500	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,835	27,265	26,565	...	...	...
Employed	49,950	25,090	24,855	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,885	2,175	1,710	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	39,825	17,895	21,930	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.5	60.4	54.8	57.5	60.4	54.8
Employment rate	53.3	55.6	51.2	53.3	55.6	51.2
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.4	7.2	8.0	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,655	45,160	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,240	17,535	21,705	41.9	38.8	44.8
Worked	54,420	27,625	26,795	58.1	61.2	55.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,495	14,655	12,845	29.4	32.5	26.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,920	12,975	13,955	28.7	28.7	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.4	40.7	41.1	41.4	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,835	27,270	26,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,350	680	670	2.5	2.5	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,480	26,590	25,895	97.5	97.5	97.5
Employee	47,620	23,885	23,735	88.5	87.6	89.3
Permanent position	39,540	20,095	19,445	73.4	73.7	73.2
Temporary position	8,080	3,790	4,290	15.0	13.9	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,720	1,190	1,530	5.1	4.4	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,360	2,600	2,760	10.0	9.5	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,860	2,700	2,160	9.0	9.9	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,835	27,270	26,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,350	680	670	2.5	2.5	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,480	26,590	25,895	97.5	97.5	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	715	460	255	1.3	1.7	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,440	2,900	5,540	15.7	10.6	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,145	2,465	680	5.8	9.0	2.6
3 Health occupations	5,585	1,100	4,490	10.4	4.0	16.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,125	2,260	4,865	13.2	8.3	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,270	655	615	2.4	2.4	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	15,045	6,760	8,280	27.9	24.8	31.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,120	7,530	590	15.1	27.6	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	465	365	95	0.9	1.3	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,575	2,095	480	4.8	7.7	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,835	27,270	26,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,350	680	670	2.5	2.5	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	52,480	26,590	25,895	97.5	97.5	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	390	250	135	0.7	0.9	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	95	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	585	465	115	1.1	1.7	0.4
23 Construction	2,970	2,590	380	5.5	9.5	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	5,700	4,485	1,210	10.6	16.4	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,180	855	325	2.2	3.1	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,340	3,360	3,975	13.6	12.3	15.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,995	1,640	355	3.7	6.0	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,060	595	460	2.0	2.2	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,520	610	910	2.8	2.2	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	605	365	245	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,730	1,545	1,185	5.1	5.7	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	1,270	665	3.6	4.7	2.5
61 Educational services	4,445	1,425	3,020	8.3	5.2	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,765	2,090	7,675	18.1	7.7	28.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	725	400	325	1.3	1.5	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,710	1,720	1,995	6.9	6.3	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,535	1,215	1,325	4.7	4.5	5.0
91 Public administration	3,175	1,610	1,575	5.9	5.9	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,695	29,185	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	485	275	210	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	50,770	24,930	25,845	88.0	85.4	90.6
Non-official language	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	6,025	3,790	2,230	10.4	13.0	7.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	180	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,695	29,185	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,855	28,700	28,155	98.5	98.3	98.7
Official languages	56,725	28,635	28,085	98.3	98.1	98.5
English	1,260	745	515	2.2	2.6	1.8
French	55,465	27,890	27,575	96.1	95.6	96.7
Non-official languages	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	845	485	360	1.5	1.7	1.3
English and French	790	465	325	1.4	1.6	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,695	29,185	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,140	25,700	26,440	90.4	88.1	92.7
English	4,515	2,880	1,635	7.8	9.9	5.7
French	785	490	295	1.4	1.7	1.0
Non-official language	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	45	0.1	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,950	25,090	24,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,665	3,615	4,055	15.3	14.4	16.3
Worked outside Canada	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,885	3,445	1,440	9.8	13.7	5.8
Usual place of work	37,325	17,980	19,345	74.7	71.7	77.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,325	17,980	19,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,815	13,530	16,285	79.9	75.3	84.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	330	150	180	0.9	0.8	0.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,155	4,280	2,875	19.2	23.8	14.9
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,215	21,425	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,730	19,230	18,495	89.4	89.8	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,735	18,310	17,420	84.7	85.5	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,995	920	1,070	4.7	4.3	5.1
Public transit	1,155	405	745	2.7	1.9	3.6
Walked	2,415	1,170	1,250	5.7	5.5	6.0
Bicycle	330	270	55	0.8	1.3	0.3
Other method	585	345	240	1.4	1.6	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,215	21,425	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,500	10,090	11,410	50.9	47.1	54.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,875	7,040	6,840	32.9	32.9	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	4,415	2,640	1,775	10.5	12.3	8.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,055	645	410	2.5	3.0	2.0
60 minutes and over	1,370	1,010	355	3.2	4.7	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,215	21,425	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,810	1,375	435	4.3	6.4	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,255	4,205	2,050	14.8	19.6	9.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,985	6,860	7,120	33.1	32.0	34.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,550	3,585	5,965	22.6	16.7	28.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,970	1,680	2,290	9.4	7.8	11.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,645	3,710	2,935	15.7	17.3	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,425	9,495	8,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,000	975	1,025	10.9	10.3	11.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,420	8,520	7,905	89.1	89.7	88.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,300	6,900	6,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,550	745	810	11.7	10.8	12.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,180	530	650	8.9	7.7	10.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	215	160	2.8	3.1	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,750	6,155	5,595	88.3	89.2	87.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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