Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-RivièresMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	128,057	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,158^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	65,496	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	62,077	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,299.0	...	...	1,299.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	98.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	128,050	61,770	66,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,755	9,110	8,645	13.9	14.7	13.0
0 to 4 years	5,470	2,770	2,695	4.3	4.5	4.1
5 to 9 years	6,000	3,090	2,910	4.7	5.0	4.4
10 to 14 years	6,285	3,250	3,035	4.9	5.3	4.6
15 to 64 years	76,015	37,775	38,235	59.4	61.2	57.7
15 to 19 years	6,015	3,065	2,955	4.7	5.0	4.5
20 to 24 years	7,640	3,825	3,815	6.0	6.2	5.8
25 to 29 years	7,875	4,080	3,795	6.1	6.6	5.7
30 to 34 years	6,995	3,565	3,430	5.5	5.8	5.2
35 to 39 years	7,195	3,655	3,540	5.6	5.9	5.3
40 to 44 years	7,495	3,780	3,715	5.9	6.1	5.6
45 to 49 years	6,435	3,185	3,245	5.0	5.2	4.9
50 to 54 years	6,875	3,355	3,520	5.4	5.4	5.3
55 to 59 years	9,095	4,330	4,760	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	10,390	4,935	5,450	8.1	8.0	8.2
65 years and over	34,285	14,880	19,400	26.8	24.1	29.3
65 to 69 years	9,685	4,580	5,100	7.6	7.4	7.7
70 to 74 years	8,610	4,000	4,610	6.7	6.5	7.0
75 to 79 years	6,640	2,920	3,715	5.2	4.7	5.6
80 to 84 years	4,465	1,805	2,665	3.5	2.9	4.0
85 years and over	4,885	1,575	3,310	3.8	2.5	5.0
85 to 89 years	2,875	1,010	1,865	2.2	1.6	2.8
90 to 94 years	1,575	490	1,085	1.2	0.8	1.6
95 to 99 years	385	70	310	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.7	13.0	13.9	14.7	13.0
15 to 64 years	59.4	61.2	57.7	59.4	61.2	57.7
65 years and over	26.8	24.1	29.3	26.8	24.1	29.3
85 years and over	3.8	2.5	5.0	3.8	2.5	5.0
Average age of the population	45.9	44.3	47.5	45.9	44.3	47.5
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	50.0	47.2	44.8	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	62,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,010	...	...	38.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,540	...	...	7.3	...	...
Row house	1,790	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,790	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,435	...	...	41.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,115	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	275	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	135	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	62,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	26,290	...	...	42.4	...	...
2 persons	21,980	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	6,315	...	...	10.2	...	...
4 persons	5,095	...	...	8.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,395	...	...	3.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,645	59,945	62,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	110,300	52,660	57,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,040	28,535	28,505	51.7	54.2	49.5
Married	28,890	14,490	14,405	26.2	27.5	25.0
Living common-law	28,145	14,045	14,105	25.5	26.7	24.5
Living common law - Never married	22,415	11,105	11,310	20.3	21.1	19.6
Living common law - Separated	280	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,825	2,510	2,315	4.4	4.8	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	625	290	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	53,260	24,125	29,135	48.3	45.8	50.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,095	18,390	16,700	31.8	34.9	29.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,365	595	770	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,165	3,405	5,765	8.3	6.5	10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,635	1,730	5,900	6.9	3.3	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,895	...	...	62.1	...	...
3 persons	5,810	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	4,900	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,045	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,810	...	...	82.6	...	...
Married couples	13,740	...	...	40.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,125	...	...	12.3	...	...
Without children	9,615	...	...	28.6	...	...
Common-law couples	14,070	...	...	41.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,420	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	7,645	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,835	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,285	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,555	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	122,645	59,945	62,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	89,820	44,430	45,390	73.2	74.1	72.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,620	27,770	27,850	45.4	46.3	44.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,840	1,550	4,285	4.8	2.6	6.8
Children⁶	28,360	15,110	13,255	23.1	25.2	21.1
In a two-parent family	19,650	10,355	9,295	16.0	17.3	14.8
In a one-parent family	8,715	4,755	3,960	7.1	7.9	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,825	15,510	17,315	26.8	25.9	27.6
Living alone	26,290	12,030	14,265	21.4	20.1	22.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,140	955	1,185	1.7	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,400	2,530	1,865	3.6	4.2	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	62,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,120	...	...	51.7	...	...
Couple-family households	26,880	...	...	43.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,165	...	...	16.4	...	...
Without children	16,710	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,245	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	395	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	850	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,345	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	26,290	...	...	42.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,915	50,845	54,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,740	49,780	52,960	97.9	97.9	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,600	38,000	42,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,780	49,805	52,975	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,800	34,000	37,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,450	44,990	45,455	86.2	88.5	84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	25,200	30,200	35,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,860	35,170	32,690	64.7	69.2	60.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	29,400	32,800	36,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,355	41,035	47,320	84.2	80.7	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,500	11,700	13,000	12,500	11,700	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,615	6,710	5,905	12.0	13.2	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,295	14,255	13,045	26.0	28.0	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	7,500	7,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,810	50,720	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,755	49,710	53,045	98.0	98.0	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,750	40,800	46,120	51,750	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,800	49,735	53,070	98.1	98.1	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,680	42,560	35,040	38,680	42,560	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,470	44,835	45,630	86.3	88.4	84.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920	46,400	33,560	39,920	46,400	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,895	35,010	32,880	64.8	69.0	60.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,360	45,720	36,720	41,360	45,720	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,145	41,005	47,145	84.1	80.8	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,770	11,990	13,440	12,770	11,990	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,920	6,830	6,090	12.3	13.5	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,120	7,100	6,580	6,120	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,045	14,055	12,990	25.8	27.7	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,940	7,730	8,160	7,940	7,730	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,815	50,720	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,020	16,550	14,470	29.6	32.6	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	59,200	49,600	54,400	59,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,700	68,300	56,300	62,700	68,300	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,820	13,765	15,055	27.5	27.1	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,600	16,200	17,600	19,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,360	29,720	23,280	26,360	29,720	23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.8	70.8	76.2	80.8	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.3	62.2	55.8	59.3	62.2	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	19.1	29.3	23.8	19.1	29.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.9	6.1	5.4	4.9	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,910	50,840	54,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,170	1,065	1,105	2.1	2.1	2.0
With total income	102,745	49,780	52,960	97.9	97.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,300	2,685	3,620	6.1	5.4	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	13,845	5,305	8,540	13.5	10.7	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	19,300	8,225	11,080	18.8	16.5	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,645	6,805	7,840	14.3	13.7	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,660	6,690	6,965	13.3	13.4	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,540	5,385	5,150	10.3	10.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,030	3,850	3,175	6.8	7.7	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,805	2,825	1,980	4.7	5.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	2,050	1,550	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,480	1,460	1,025	2.4	2.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	6,540	4,505	2,040	6.4	9.0	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	4,810	3,255	1,550	4.7	6.5	2.9
$150,000 and over	1,735	1,245	485	1.7	2.5	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,910	50,840	54,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,130	1,035	1,090	2.0	2.0	2.0
With after-tax income	102,785	49,805	52,980	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,920	2,805	4,115	6.7	5.6	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	14,425	5,645	8,780	14.0	11.3	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	22,515	9,695	12,825	21.9	19.5	24.2
$30,000 to $39,999	18,225	8,880	9,340	17.7	17.8	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	15,365	7,910	7,450	14.9	15.9	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,540	5,285	4,255	9.3	10.6	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,890	3,290	2,595	5.7	6.6	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,770	2,120	1,650	3.7	4.3	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,325	1,515	810	2.3	3.0	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	935	435	1.3	1.9	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,715	720	2.4	3.4	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,320	920	405	1.3	1.8	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,115	800	315	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,910	50,840	54,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	37,050	15,675	21,380	35.3	30.8	39.5
With employment income	67,860	35,170	32,690	64.7	69.2	60.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,300	4,980	4,315	13.7	14.2	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,800	2,665	3,135	8.5	7.6	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,185	4,080	5,110	13.5	11.6	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,750	3,695	4,050	11.4	10.5	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,335	3,620	3,715	10.8	10.3	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,905	3,300	3,610	10.2	9.4	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,400	2,860	2,540	8.0	8.1	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,075	2,320	1,755	6.0	6.6	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,990	1,785	1,200	4.4	5.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	1,430	1,145	3.8	4.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	1,010	705	2.5	2.9	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,420	1,405	7.1	9.7	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,585	1,830	755	3.8	5.2	2.3
$125,000 and over	2,240	1,595	645	3.3	4.5	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,915	50,845	54,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,345	49,070	52,275	96.6	96.5	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,400	35,200	40,400	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,430	49,080	52,350	96.7	96.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	27,800	31,600	35,600	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,345	44,525	44,820	85.2	87.6	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,800	26,200	31,200	36,800	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,720	35,495	33,220	65.5	69.8	61.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	29,000	32,400	36,400	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,535	37,290	44,245	77.7	73.3	81.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,200	10,100	9,200	8,200	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,280	6,105	5,175	10.8	12.0	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,680	4,480	4,560	4,680	4,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,810	50,720	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,260	48,960	52,300	96.6	96.5	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	49,280	37,760	43,320	49,280	37,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,350	48,975	52,380	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,240	40,360	32,400	36,240	40,360	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,190	44,220	44,970	85.1	87.2	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960	46,800	33,280	39,960	46,800	33,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,635	35,200	33,435	65.5	69.4	61.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	45,600	35,320	40,560	45,600	35,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,455	37,305	44,150	77.7	73.6	81.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,070	9,200	10,810	10,070	9,200	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,665	6,155	5,510	11.1	12.1	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,730	7,160	6,410	5,730	7,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,815	50,720	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,885	16,460	14,435	29.5	32.5	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,800	45,600	50,400	54,800	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,950	63,900	51,080	57,950	63,900	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,335	13,055	14,280	26.1	25.7	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	24,200	19,600	21,600	24,200	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,440	35,080	26,160	30,440	35,080	26,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.8	75.8	81.2	85.8	75.8
Employment income (%)	63.5	66.6	59.8	63.5	66.6	59.8
Government transfers (%)	18.7	14.2	24.2	18.7	14.2	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	62,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...	30,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	62,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...	76,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,480	...	...	40,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,720	...	...	34,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	62,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	540	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	520	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,345	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,020	...	...	3.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,130	...	...	8.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,030	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,955	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,375	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,505	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,315	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,785	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,690	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,920	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,460	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,440	...	...	24.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,645	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,525	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,790	...	...	6.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,485	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	62,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	590	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	530	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,370	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,110	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,445	...	...	8.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,820	...	...	6.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,645	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,220	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,140	...	...	6.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,590	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,010	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,115	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,295	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,715	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	...	...	4.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,630	...	...	17.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,830	...	...	7.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,785	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,010	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30,685	14,555	16,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	31,200	32,800	34,800	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	31,400	29,000	30,000	31,400	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,450	...	...	62,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30,815	14,680	16,140	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,120	40,840	37,520	39,120	40,840	37,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,680	34,600	32,840	33,680	34,600	32,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	122,650	59,945	62,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,200	10,890	10,310	17.3	18.2	16.4
0 to 5 years	6,645	3,370	3,275	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	72,005	35,600	36,405	58.7	59.4	58.1
65 years and over	29,440	13,455	15,990	24.0	22.4	25.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	19,075	8,660	10,415	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,650	1,375	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	900	435	465	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,865	4,925	4,945	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,560	2,365	4,195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	14.4	16.6	15.6	14.4	16.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.6	12.4	12.5	12.6	12.4
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6	13.0	14.2	13.6	13.0	14.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.8	13.6	13.7	13.8	13.6
65 years and over (%)	22.3	17.6	26.2	22.3	17.6	26.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	122,645	59,945	62,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,205	10,895	10,305	17.3	18.2	16.4
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,370	3,270	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	72,005	35,600	36,410	58.7	59.4	58.1
65 years and over	29,440	13,455	15,985	24.0	22.4	25.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,705	3,490	3,215	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	730	410	320	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	120	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,480	2,885	2,600	...	...	...
65 years and over	495	195	300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.8	5.1	5.5	5.8	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.8	3.1	3.4	3.8	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	8.1	7.1	7.6	8.1	7.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	122,645	59,945	62,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	76,770	36,530	40,245	62.6	60.9	64.2
In bottom decile	16,340	7,560	8,785	13.3	12.6	14.0
In second decile	16,205	7,540	8,665	13.2	12.6	13.8
In third decile	15,645	7,445	8,200	12.8	12.4	13.1
In fourth decile	15,255	7,360	7,895	12.4	12.3	12.6
In fifth decile	13,330	6,630	6,700	10.9	11.1	10.7
In top half of the distribution	45,875	23,410	22,460	37.4	39.1	35.8
In sixth decile	11,980	6,080	5,900	9.8	10.1	9.4
In seventh decile	10,870	5,500	5,365	8.9	9.2	8.6
In eighth decile	9,765	4,950	4,820	8.0	8.3	7.7
In ninth decile	7,715	4,020	3,695	6.3	6.7	5.9
In top decile	5,540	2,870	2,675	4.5	4.8	4.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	122,645	...	...	122,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463	...	...	0.463	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	125,745	60,885	64,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	375	230	150	0.3	0.4	0.2
French only	82,840	37,160	45,680	65.9	61.0	70.4
English and French	42,165	23,310	18,855	33.5	38.3	29.1
Neither English nor French	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	125,745	60,885	64,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,820	940	880	1.4	1.5	1.4
French	122,475	59,165	63,310	97.4	97.2	97.6
English and French	1,120	615	500	0.9	1.0	0.8
Neither English nor French	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	125,745	60,885	64,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,965	59,945	64,025	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	119,235	57,530	61,705	94.8	94.5	95.1
English	1,510	780	735	1.2	1.3	1.1
French	117,720	56,750	60,970	93.6	93.2	94.0
Non-official languages	4,730	2,410	2,320	3.8	4.0	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,460	2,290	2,170	3.5	3.8	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,195	680	510	1.0	1.1	0.8
Berber languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,090	630	460	0.9	1.0	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,085	630	460	0.9	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,120	1,055	1,070	1.7	1.7	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	850	895	1.4	1.4	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,490	720	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	450	230	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,780	940	835	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	920	475	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	670	370	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	125,745	60,885	64,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	685	360	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	115,570	55,525	60,045	91.9	91.2	92.6
Non-official language	1,375	705	670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,300	670	625	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	4,170	2,310	1,860	3.3	3.8	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,840	1,380	1,465	2.3	2.3	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	845	460	380	0.7	0.8	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	125,745	60,885	64,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,885	59,925	63,965	98.5	98.4	98.6
Official languages	121,310	58,600	62,705	96.5	96.2	96.7
English	1,160	595	565	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	120,145	58,005	62,140	95.5	95.3	95.8
Non-official languages	2,580	1,320	1,260	2.1	2.2	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,445	1,250	1,190	1.9	2.1	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	260	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	455	250	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	455	250	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,375	690	690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,220	605	615	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,080	535	545	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,860	960	895	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and French	815	425	385	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	885	450	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	125,745	60,885	64,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	119,250	57,425	61,830	94.8	94.3	95.3
English	3,205	1,825	1,380	2.5	3.0	2.1
French	1,225	605	625	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,320	645	675	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,270	625	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	385	205	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	122,205	59,685	62,520	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	42,115	23,325	18,790	34.4	39.0	30.0
French	121,800	59,445	62,350	99.4	99.3	99.5
Non-official languages	9,615	4,780	4,830	7.8	8.0	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	380	165	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	360	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	355	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,255	4,630	4,620	7.6	7.7	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,630	935	695	1.3	1.6	1.1
Berber languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,560	905	665	1.3	1.5	1.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,550	895	655	1.3	1.5	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	335	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,635	2,680	2,960	4.6	4.5	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	325	185	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	165	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	280	165	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,920	2,285	2,640	4.0	3.8	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	315	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	305	150	160	0.2	0.3	0.3
Romanian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	4,450	2,080	2,375	3.6	3.5	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	975	525	450	0.8	0.9	0.7
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	130	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	250	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	350	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	130	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,445	1,125	1,320	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,245	1,040	1,205	1.8	1.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,445	675	770	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis	755	355	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	120,095	58,735	61,360	98.0	98.1	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,010	450	565	0.8	0.8	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	121,530	59,410	62,120	99.2	99.2	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,355	...	...	52.1	...	...
Renter	29,685	...	...	47.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,590	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not condominium	55,460	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...	17.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,325	...	...	32.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,060	...	...	30.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,575	...	...	18.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,760	...	...	38.3	...	...
5 rooms	11,945	...	...	19.3	...	...
6 rooms	6,020	...	...	9.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,825	...	...	9.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,495	...	...	23.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	61,825	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	215	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	61,125	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	920	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,260	...	...	23.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,220	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,105	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,955	...	...	11.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,770	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,790	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,125	...	...	5.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,820	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	58,610	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,435	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,785	...	...	62.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,435	...	...	36.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	830	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,225	...	...	5.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,370	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,090	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,335	...	...	13.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,650	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,755	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,720	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,905	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	61,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,445	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,415	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,705	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	62,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,000	...	...	19.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,745	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not suitable only	760	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,740	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	595	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	50,045	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	61,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,305	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not in core need	58,845	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,350	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.7	...	...	58.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	953	...	...	953	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	226,000	...	...	226,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,690	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...	21.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	673	...	...	673	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	122,540	59,860	62,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,400	1,030	1,370	2.0	1.7	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,375	1,015	1,360	1.9	1.7	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,160	940	1,225	1.8	1.6	2.0
Métis single ancestry	200	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,755	1,350	1,410	2.2	2.3	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,740	1,340	1,400	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,460	1,175	1,285	2.0	2.0	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	117,380	57,480	59,905	95.8	96.0	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	122,540	59,855	62,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	117,895	57,315	60,570	96.2	95.8	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,315	10,380	9,930	16.6	17.3	15.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	97,580	46,940	50,645	79.6	78.4	80.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,645	2,540	2,105	3.8	4.2	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	122,540	59,855	62,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	114,420	55,590	58,835	93.4	92.9	93.9
Immigrants⁸¹	5,795	2,935	2,865	4.7	4.9	4.6
Before 1980	505	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	300	160	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	445	200	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,790	905	885	1.5	1.5	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,765	1,430	1,340	2.3	2.4	2.1
2011 to 2015	1,350	735	615	1.1	1.2	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,415	690	730	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,325	1,335	985	1.9	2.2	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,800	2,930	2,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	785	375	405	13.5	12.8	14.1
5 to 14 years	1,095	550	545	18.9	18.8	19.0
15 to 24 years	880	440	440	15.2	15.0	15.4
25 to 44 years	2,650	1,365	1,280	45.7	46.6	44.7
45 years and over	380	195	185	6.6	6.7	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,800	2,930	2,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,610	730	885	27.8	24.9	30.9
Brazil	85	45	40	1.5	1.5	1.4
Colombia	730	325	405	12.6	11.1	14.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	205	100	105	3.5	3.4	3.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	110	45	65	1.9	1.5	2.3
Peru	40	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
United States of America	105	40	65	1.8	1.4	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	325	145	175	5.6	4.9	6.1
Europe	1,320	700	615	22.8	23.9	21.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	825	465	355	14.2	15.9	12.4
Germany	50	25	30	0.9	0.9	1.0
Greece	65	45	20	1.1	1.5	0.7
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	10	20	0.6	0.3	0.7
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	215	85	125	3.7	2.9	4.4
Africa	2,150	1,195	960	37.1	40.8	33.5
Algeria	240	155	80	4.1	5.3	2.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	230	115	110	4.0	3.9	3.8
Egypt	15	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	375	215	155	6.5	7.3	5.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,300	690	615	22.4	23.5	21.5
Asia	720	315	405	12.4	10.8	14.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	30	15	0.8	1.0	0.5
Lebanon	85	50	40	1.5	1.7	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40	1.6	1.9	1.4
Turkey	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	40	120	2.8	1.4	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Taiwan	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Philippines	70	15	50	1.2	0.5	1.7
Viet Nam	75	25	45	1.3	0.9	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	25	50	1.4	0.9	1.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,415	690	725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	135	135	19.1	19.6	18.6
Brazil	15	10	10	1.1	1.4	1.4
Colombia	100	60	45	7.1	8.7	6.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	3.2	3.6	2.8
United States of America	20	20	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	80	25	55	5.7	3.6	7.6
Europe	175	105	65	12.4	15.2	9.0
France	105	60	45	7.4	8.7	6.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	35	15	3.2	5.1	2.1
Africa	735	345	390	51.9	50.0	53.8
Algeria	50	30	20	3.5	4.3	2.8
Burundi	20	10	15	1.4	1.4	2.1
Cameroon	160	80	75	11.3	11.6	10.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15	3.5	4.3	2.1
Côte d'Ivoire	160	55	110	11.3	8.0	15.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	20	30	3.2	2.9	4.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	25	15	2.5	3.6	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	210	90	120	14.8	13.0	16.6
Asia	230	105	130	16.3	15.2	17.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.8	0.0	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	15	2.1	1.4	2.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	25	2.5	2.2	3.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	5.7	6.5	4.8
Turkey	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	2.1	1.4	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,530	4,410	4,120	7.0	7.4	6.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,495	2,280	2,210	3.7	3.8	3.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	109,515	53,165	56,350	89.4	88.8	89.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,300	2,685	2,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,700	1,505	1,195	50.9	56.1	45.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,255	900	360	23.7	33.5	13.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,445	610	835	27.3	22.7	32.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,240	495	745	23.4	18.4	28.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,340	670	665	25.3	25.0	25.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,300	2,685	2,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	70	70	2.6	2.6	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	425	235	190	8.0	8.8	7.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	115	75	3.7	4.3	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	375	245	135	7.1	9.1	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,125	2,010	2,115	77.8	74.9	81.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,865	4,070	3,790	6.4	6.8	6.0
South Asian	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese	420	145	280	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	3,675	1,940	1,735	3.0	3.2	2.8
Filipino	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,330	785	540	1.1	1.3	0.9
Latin American	1,585	770	810	1.3	1.3	1.3
Southeast Asian	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	60	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,675	55,785	58,890	93.6	93.2	94.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	47,120	22,445	24,670	38.5	37.5	39.4
English	1,190	585	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Irish	3,760	1,780	1,980	3.1	3.0	3.2
Scottish	1,650	895	760	1.3	1.5	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,530	14,325	14,205	23.3	23.9	22.7
German	1,250	615	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	435	140	295	0.4	0.2	0.5
Italian	1,025	465	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indian (India)	270	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	245	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	16,975	8,140	8,835	13.9	13.6	14.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	160	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	11,470	5,555	5,915	9.4	9.3	9.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,135	1,555	1,575	2.6	2.6	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,915	875	1,035	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	500	255	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,365	1,745	1,620	2.7	2.9	2.6
Russian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	190	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
American	695	310	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	570	235	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
Swedish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,200	545	655	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	745	400	345	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	660	345	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Greek	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	135	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	275	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,105	545	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	525	245	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	515	255	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	175	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	855	420	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Moroccan	420	275	145	0.3	0.5	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	265	165	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Brazilian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	350	190	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	220	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	570	245	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	410	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bamileke	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	145	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	122,540	59,860	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	86,945	40,845	46,100	71.0	68.2	73.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,490	2,725	2,760	4.5	4.6	4.4
Anabaptist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	78,990	36,935	42,050	64.5	61.7	67.1
Christian Orthodox	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	385	150	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	155	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	920	430	490	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hindu	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	2,155	1,210	950	1.8	2.0	1.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	140	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	32,835	17,545	15,290	26.8	29.3	24.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,520	59,325	62,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,830	51,675	54,160	87.1	87.1	87.1
Movers	15,690	7,650	8,040	12.9	12.9	12.9
Non-migrants	10,540	5,080	5,460	8.7	8.6	8.8
Migrants	5,150	2,570	2,575	4.2	4.3	4.1
Internal migrants	4,575	2,255	2,320	3.8	3.8	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	4,395	2,190	2,205	3.6	3.7	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	180	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	575	315	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,985	56,890	60,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,015	33,545	35,465	59.0	59.0	59.0
Movers	47,975	23,340	24,635	41.0	41.0	41.0
Non-migrants	27,670	13,165	14,505	23.7	23.1	24.1
Migrants	20,305	10,175	10,125	17.4	17.9	16.8
Internal migrants	17,230	8,485	8,745	14.7	14.9	14.6
Intraprovincial migrants	16,620	8,205	8,415	14.2	14.4	14.0
Interprovincial migrants	605	280	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	3,075	1,690	1,385	2.6	3.0	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,810	50,720	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,865	10,155	9,715	19.0	20.0	18.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,945	40,570	44,375	81.0	80.0	82.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,925	30,510	31,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,685	5,000	3,685	14.0	16.4	11.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,240	25,505	27,735	86.0	83.6	88.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,810	50,720	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,590	8,490	9,100	16.8	16.7	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,465	10,950	12,515	22.4	21.6	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,750	31,275	32,470	60.8	61.7	60.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,805	21,815	20,990	40.8	43.0	38.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,055	11,120	6,930	17.2	21.9	12.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,360	7,430	5,925	12.7	14.6	11.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,695	3,690	1,005	4.5	7.3	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,510	8,905	11,610	19.6	17.6	21.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,240	1,790	2,450	4.0	3.5	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,945	9,460	11,480	20.0	18.7	21.2
Bachelor's degree	13,750	5,975	7,775	13.1	11.8	14.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,560	730	830	1.5	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	705	325	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	4,080	1,980	2,100	3.9	3.9	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	850	450	400	0.8	0.9	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,925	30,510	31,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,085	3,885	3,200	11.4	12.7	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,090	5,055	5,030	16.3	16.6	16.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,750	21,565	23,185	72.3	70.7	73.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,110	14,885	14,225	47.0	48.8	45.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,020	7,870	5,145	21.0	25.8	16.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,725	5,305	4,420	15.7	17.4	14.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,295	2,570	730	5.3	8.4	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,490	5,830	7,660	21.8	19.1	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,600	1,185	1,420	4.2	3.9	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,640	6,685	8,955	25.3	21.9	28.5
Bachelor's degree	10,090	4,225	5,860	16.3	13.8	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,060	430	635	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	230	360	1.0	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	3,295	1,520	1,780	5.3	5.0	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	280	325	1.0	0.9	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,810	50,715	54,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,065	19,440	21,620	39.2	38.3	40.0
Education	5,385	1,310	4,080	5.1	2.6	7.5
13. Education	5,385	1,310	4,080	5.1	2.6	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,770	805	965	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	185	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,480	615	870	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	3,270	1,410	1,860	3.1	2.8	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	95	295	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,490	650	840	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	310	195	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	550	200	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,005	1,440	3,565	4.8	2.8	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	265	475	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	60	885	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	655	230	425	0.6	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	40	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,640	390	1,250	1.6	0.8	2.3
45. Social sciences	795	430	360	0.8	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	14,970	5,455	9,515	14.3	10.8	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	880	230	650	0.8	0.5	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,085	5,225	8,865	13.4	10.3	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,375	1,065	2.3	2.7	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	340	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	160	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	535	220	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
40. Physical sciences	675	520	155	0.6	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	195	140	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,970	1,375	595	1.9	2.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,560	1,195	365	1.5	2.4	0.7
25. Library science	240	55	190	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,765	12,730	1,035	13.1	25.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	375	225	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,085	1,815	270	2.0	3.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,860	2,610	245	2.7	5.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,080	2,960	120	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,130	2,995	140	3.0	5.9	0.3
48. Precision production	2,245	2,130	110	2.1	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280	805	475	1.2	1.6	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	275	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	530	90	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	9,020	1,755	7,265	8.6	3.5	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	610	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,045	1,295	6,750	7.7	2.6	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,860	2,815	2,050	4.6	5.6	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,480	725	1,755	2.4	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,090	895	195	1.0	1.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,275	1,180	95	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,925	30,505	31,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,175	8,945	8,230	27.7	29.3	26.2
Education	3,225	740	2,485	5.2	2.4	7.9
13. Education	3,225	740	2,485	5.2	2.4	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	595	685	2.1	2.0	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	135	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	460	605	1.7	1.5	1.9
Humanities	1,830	770	1,060	3.0	2.5	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	50	230	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	365	395	1.2	1.2	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	215	130	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	310	105	210	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,760	1,005	2,755	6.1	3.3	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	205	410	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	35	680	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	490	160	330	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,235	270	960	2.0	0.9	3.1
45. Social sciences	550	290	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
Business, management and public administration	10,660	3,655	7,015	17.2	12.0	22.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	155	495	1.0	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,015	3,500	6,520	16.2	11.5	20.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	795	565	2.2	2.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	560	225	335	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	75	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	450	335	120	0.7	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,535	1,080	450	2.5	3.5	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,315	1,000	310	2.1	3.3	1.0
25. Library science	125	20	110	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,770	8,855	915	15.8	29.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	285	170	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,690	1,440	250	2.7	4.7	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,020	1,785	235	3.3	5.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,045	95	3.4	6.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,125	2,010	120	3.4	6.6	0.4
48. Precision production	1,515	1,415	100	2.4	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,045	655	390	1.7	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	545	235	310	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	425	75	0.8	1.4	0.2
Health and related fields	6,615	1,325	5,285	10.7	4.3	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	235	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,815	985	4,830	9.4	3.2	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300	110	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,670	2,095	1,575	5.9	6.9	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,855	525	1,330	3.0	1.7	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	690	155	1.4	2.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	865	80	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,925	30,505	31,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,175	8,945	8,230	27.7	29.3	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,750	21,570	23,185	72.3	70.7	73.8
Location of study inside Canada	42,435	20,335	22,095	68.5	66.7	70.3
Same as province or territory of residence	41,920	20,055	21,865	67.7	65.7	69.6
Different than province or territory of residence	515	280	235	0.8	0.9	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,315	1,225	1,085	3.7	4.0	3.5
Americas	615	290	325	1.0	1.0	1.0
United States of America	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	95	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.1
Colombia	235	115	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	725	435	290	1.2	1.4	0.9
Belgium	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	520	315	205	0.8	1.0	0.7
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	695	390	305	1.1	1.3	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	370	205	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Asia	265	110	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,810	50,720	54,095	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,165	31,050	30,115	...	...	...
Employed	57,045	28,700	28,345	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,120	2,350	1,775	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,650	19,670	23,980	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.4	61.2	55.7	58.4	61.2	55.7
Employment rate	54.4	56.6	52.4	54.4	56.6	52.4
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.6	5.9	6.7	7.6	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,810	50,715	54,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,990	19,260	23,730	41.0	38.0	43.9
Worked	61,825	31,460	30,365	59.0	62.0	56.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,710	16,975	14,735	30.3	33.5	27.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,115	14,485	15,630	28.7	28.6	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.6	40.8	41.2	41.6	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,165	31,050	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,410	715	690	2.3	2.3	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,760	30,330	29,425	97.7	97.7	97.7
Employee	54,085	27,190	26,895	88.4	87.6	89.3
Permanent position	44,925	22,865	22,060	73.4	73.6	73.3
Temporary position	9,160	4,325	4,835	15.0	13.9	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,115	1,375	1,740	5.1	4.4	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,045	2,955	3,090	9.9	9.5	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,670	3,140	2,530	9.3	10.1	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,165	31,050	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,410	715	690	2.3	2.3	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,760	30,330	29,425	97.7	97.7	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	810	525	285	1.3	1.7	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,630	3,170	6,460	15.7	10.2	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,550	2,790	765	5.8	9.0	2.5
3 Health occupations	6,305	1,200	5,110	10.3	3.9	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,150	2,535	5,615	13.3	8.2	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,430	740	690	2.3	2.4	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	16,930	7,710	9,220	27.7	24.8	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,485	8,820	665	15.5	28.4	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	490	395	95	0.8	1.3	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,970	2,450	520	4.9	7.9	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,165	31,050	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,410	715	690	2.3	2.3	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	59,760	30,330	29,425	97.7	97.7	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	445	285	160	0.7	0.9	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145	125	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	720	585	140	1.2	1.9	0.5
23 Construction	3,535	3,095	435	5.8	10.0	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	6,545	5,175	1,360	10.7	16.7	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,395	1,015	390	2.3	3.3	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	8,245	3,800	4,450	13.5	12.2	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,340	1,940	405	3.8	6.2	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,210	685	525	2.0	2.2	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,725	680	1,045	2.8	2.2	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	670	390	275	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,125	1,765	1,360	5.1	5.7	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,065	1,345	720	3.4	4.3	2.4
61 Educational services	5,070	1,525	3,540	8.3	4.9	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	11,060	2,320	8,740	18.1	7.5	29.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	820	460	360	1.3	1.5	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,200	1,930	2,270	6.9	6.2	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,845	1,360	1,480	4.7	4.4	4.9
91 Public administration	3,585	1,835	1,750	5.9	5.9	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,580	33,270	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	540	295	240	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	57,930	28,540	29,395	88.3	85.8	91.0
Non-official language	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	6,670	4,240	2,430	10.2	12.7	7.5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	190	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,580	33,270	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,640	32,735	31,910	98.6	98.4	98.8
Official languages	64,510	32,665	31,845	98.4	98.2	98.6
English	1,375	820	550	2.1	2.5	1.7
French	63,135	31,850	31,290	96.3	95.7	96.8
Non-official languages	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	935	535	400	1.4	1.6	1.2
English and French	875	515	355	1.3	1.5	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,580	33,270	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,445	29,385	30,065	90.6	88.3	93.1
English	5,020	3,220	1,800	7.7	9.7	5.6
French	845	545	295	1.3	1.6	0.9
Non-official language	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,045	28,705	28,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,720	4,070	4,655	15.3	14.2	16.4
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,650	4,030	1,625	9.9	14.0	5.7
Usual place of work	42,595	20,545	22,050	74.7	71.6	77.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,600	20,550	22,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,965	15,365	18,605	79.7	74.8	84.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	395	180	215	0.9	0.9	1.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,205	4,975	3,225	19.3	24.2	14.6
Commute to a different province or territory	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,245	24,575	23,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,560	22,285	21,275	90.3	90.7	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,325	21,250	20,085	85.7	86.5	84.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,230	1,035	1,195	4.6	4.2	5.0
Public transit	1,210	445	765	2.5	1.8	3.2
Walked	2,505	1,200	1,300	5.2	4.9	5.5
Bicycle	330	265	60	0.7	1.1	0.3
Other method	650	385	270	1.3	1.6	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,245	24,575	23,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,150	10,865	12,290	48.0	44.2	51.9
15 to 29 minutes	17,050	8,595	8,455	35.3	35.0	35.7
30 to 44 minutes	5,145	3,070	2,070	10.7	12.5	8.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	755	470	2.5	3.1	2.0
60 minutes and over	1,675	1,285	390	3.5	5.2	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,245	24,575	23,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,140	1,665	470	4.4	6.8	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,345	4,960	2,385	15.2	20.2	10.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,060	7,830	8,225	33.3	31.9	34.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,795	4,080	6,715	22.4	16.6	28.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,465	1,875	2,585	9.3	7.6	10.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,445	4,155	3,290	15.4	16.9	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,620	11,115	10,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,340	1,125	1,220	10.8	10.1	11.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,275	9,990	9,285	89.2	89.9	88.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,735	8,135	7,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,835	860	970	11.7	10.6	12.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,375	610	770	8.7	7.5	10.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	250	205	2.9	3.1	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,900	7,275	6,625	88.3	89.4	87.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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