Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-RivièresMore information: Quebec [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	161,489	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	156,042	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	80,767	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	76,635	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	155.5	...	...	155.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,038.64	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	161,490	78,810	82,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,515	12,130	11,385	14.6	15.4	13.8
0 to 4 years	7,210	3,705	3,505	4.5	4.7	4.2
5 to 9 years	8,035	4,150	3,895	5.0	5.3	4.7
10 to 14 years	8,270	4,280	3,990	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	96,520	48,165	48,365	59.8	61.1	58.5
15 to 19 years	7,550	3,855	3,690	4.7	4.9	4.5
20 to 24 years	8,940	4,510	4,425	5.5	5.7	5.4
25 to 29 years	9,705	4,980	4,730	6.0	6.3	5.7
30 to 34 years	9,005	4,570	4,435	5.6	5.8	5.4
35 to 39 years	9,485	4,790	4,700	5.9	6.1	5.7
40 to 44 years	9,810	4,970	4,835	6.1	6.3	5.8
45 to 49 years	8,240	4,115	4,115	5.1	5.2	5.0
50 to 54 years	8,835	4,330	4,505	5.5	5.5	5.4
55 to 59 years	11,815	5,715	6,100	7.3	7.3	7.4
60 to 64 years	13,140	6,320	6,815	8.1	8.0	8.2
65 years and over	41,445	18,515	22,935	25.7	23.5	27.7
65 to 69 years	12,175	5,815	6,360	7.5	7.4	7.7
70 to 74 years	10,630	5,075	5,545	6.6	6.4	6.7
75 to 79 years	7,985	3,635	4,350	4.9	4.6	5.3
80 to 84 years	5,165	2,165	3,000	3.2	2.7	3.6
85 years and over	5,500	1,820	3,680	3.4	2.3	4.5
85 to 89 years	3,280	1,200	2,085	2.0	1.5	2.5
90 to 94 years	1,745	535	1,210	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	420	80	340	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	55	5	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.4	13.8	14.6	15.4	13.8
15 to 64 years	59.8	61.1	58.5	59.8	61.1	58.5
65 years and over	25.7	23.5	27.7	25.7	23.5	27.7
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.5	3.4	2.3	4.5
Average age of the population	45.4	44.0	46.7	45.4	44.0	46.7
Median age of the population	46.4	44.4	48.8	46.4	44.4	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	35,045	...	...	45.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,115	...	...	6.7	...	...
Row house	1,975	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,215	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	27,535	...	...	35.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,115	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	365	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	265	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	30,675	...	...	40.0	...	...
2 persons	27,730	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	8,185	...	...	10.7	...	...
4 persons	6,835	...	...	8.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,210	...	...	4.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	155,535	76,725	78,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	137,970	66,675	71,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	74,740	37,365	37,375	54.2	56.0	52.4
Married	37,010	18,545	18,470	26.8	27.8	25.9
Living common-law	37,730	18,820	18,905	27.3	28.2	26.5
Living common law - Never married	30,360	15,065	15,300	22.0	22.6	21.5
Living common law - Separated	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	6,200	3,200	2,995	4.5	4.8	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	825	385	440	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	63,230	29,310	33,920	45.8	44.0	47.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	42,020	22,310	19,710	30.5	33.5	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,620	725	890	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,730	4,160	6,575	7.8	6.2	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,855	2,120	6,740	6.4	3.2	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	26,685	...	...	61.2	...	...
3 persons	7,600	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	6,565	...	...	15.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,735	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	36,515	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	17,655	...	...	40.5	...	...
With children⁶	5,290	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	12,365	...	...	28.4	...	...
Common-law couples	18,860	...	...	43.3	...	...
With children⁶	8,905	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	9,955	...	...	22.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,080	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,120	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,955	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	155,530	76,725	78,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	117,155	58,210	58,940	75.3	75.9	74.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	73,025	36,455	36,570	47.0	47.5	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	7,075	1,960	5,120	4.5	2.6	6.5
Children⁶	37,045	19,795	17,250	23.8	25.8	21.9
In a two-parent family	26,450	14,005	12,445	17.0	18.3	15.8
In a one-parent family	10,600	5,795	4,805	6.8	7.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	38,380	18,515	19,865	24.7	24.1	25.2
Living alone	30,675	14,435	16,240	19.7	18.8	20.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,705	1,205	1,500	1.7	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,005	2,870	2,130	3.2	3.7	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,540	...	...	54.2	...	...
Couple-family households	35,210	...	...	45.9	...	...
With children⁶	13,665	...	...	17.8	...	...
Without children	21,550	...	...	28.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,330	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	540	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,090	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,680	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	30,675	...	...	40.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	132,035	64,605	67,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,425	63,330	66,090	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,400	38,800	43,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,475	63,360	66,115	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,200	34,800	38,400	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,765	57,650	57,115	86.9	89.2	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,800	26,000	31,200	36,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,175	45,445	41,735	66.0	70.3	61.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,000	33,600	37,200	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,470	51,805	58,660	83.7	80.2	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,500	12,800	12,300	11,500	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,415	8,820	7,595	12.4	13.7	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,240	17,970	16,270	25.9	27.8	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	7,500	6,550	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	132,050	64,630	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,495	63,340	66,155	98.1	98.0	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,760	52,600	41,160	46,760	52,600	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,555	63,370	66,185	98.1	98.1	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,360	39,200	43,200	35,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	114,800	57,545	57,255	86.9	89.0	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,560	47,200	33,880	40,560	47,200	33,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,215	45,325	41,890	66.0	70.1	62.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	46,520	36,920	41,920	46,520	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,405	51,870	58,530	83.6	80.3	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,690	11,910	13,380	12,690	11,910	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,665	8,965	7,700	12.6	13.9	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,180	7,300	6,700	6,180	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,230	17,940	16,290	25.9	27.8	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,790	7,540	8,060	7,790	7,540	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	132,050	64,625	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,480	21,780	18,705	30.7	33.7	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,000	49,600	54,800	60,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,700	68,500	55,950	62,700	68,500	55,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,755	17,725	19,025	27.8	27.4	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,600	16,800	18,200	20,600	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,960	30,560	23,600	26,960	30,560	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	81.4	71.2	76.8	81.4	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	63.3	56.8	60.4	63.3	56.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	18.5	28.8	23.1	18.5	28.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	2.1	1.8	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.0	5.3	4.7	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.1	4.8	4.4	4.1	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	132,035	64,600	67,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,610	1,270	1,340	2.0	2.0	2.0
With total income	129,425	63,330	66,095	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,890	3,295	4,600	6.1	5.2	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	16,945	6,435	10,510	13.1	10.2	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	23,395	10,125	13,270	18.1	16.0	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	18,320	8,530	9,790	14.2	13.5	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	17,305	8,555	8,750	13.4	13.5	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	13,600	6,935	6,660	10.5	11.0	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	9,140	5,105	4,030	7.1	8.1	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,375	3,760	2,615	4.9	5.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,705	2,700	2,005	3.6	4.3	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,230	1,965	1,265	2.5	3.1	1.9
$100,000 and over	8,520	5,915	2,605	6.6	9.3	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,315	4,335	1,985	4.9	6.8	3.0
$150,000 and over	2,200	1,585	615	1.7	2.5	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	132,035	64,600	67,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,560	1,240	1,320	1.9	1.9	2.0
With after-tax income	129,475	63,365	66,115	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,660	3,460	5,200	6.7	5.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	17,670	6,850	10,820	13.6	10.8	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	27,400	11,955	15,440	21.2	18.9	23.4
$30,000 to $39,999	22,955	11,255	11,700	17.7	17.8	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	19,715	10,240	9,470	15.2	16.2	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,520	7,010	5,515	9.7	11.1	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,675	4,300	3,380	5.9	6.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,935	2,850	2,085	3.8	4.5	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	2,035	1,025	2.4	3.2	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	1,220	575	1.4	1.9	0.9
$100,000 and over	3,105	2,200	905	2.4	3.5	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,710	1,215	495	1.3	1.9	0.7
$125,000 and over	1,395	980	410	1.1	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	132,035	64,600	67,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	44,860	19,160	25,700	34.0	29.7	38.1
With employment income	87,175	45,440	41,735	66.0	70.3	61.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,695	6,290	5,405	13.4	13.8	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	7,190	3,280	3,905	8.2	7.2	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,430	5,060	6,375	13.1	11.1	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	9,760	4,610	5,150	11.2	10.1	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	9,560	4,725	4,835	11.0	10.4	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,040	4,345	4,695	10.4	9.6	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,075	3,740	3,335	8.1	8.2	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,440	3,170	2,265	6.2	7.0	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,045	2,435	1,610	4.6	5.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,385	1,910	1,475	3.9	4.2	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	1,370	880	2.6	3.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	6,305	4,505	1,795	7.2	9.9	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,470	2,480	995	4.0	5.5	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,835	2,030	805	3.3	4.5	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	132,035	64,605	67,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,715	62,475	65,245	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	31,200	36,000	41,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,835	62,485	65,350	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,400	32,400	36,400	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	113,290	57,010	56,280	85.8	88.2	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,600	26,800	32,000	37,600	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,225	45,845	42,380	66.8	71.0	62.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	29,600	33,600	37,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,705	46,985	54,720	77.0	72.7	81.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,200	10,000	9,100	8,200	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,125	8,310	6,815	11.5	12.9	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,720	4,520	4,640	4,720	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	132,050	64,630	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,715	62,475	65,245	96.7	96.7	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	49,960	38,080	43,880	49,960	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,835	62,490	65,350	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,680	40,880	32,680	36,680	40,880	32,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	113,165	56,800	56,365	85.7	87.9	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,480	47,320	33,600	40,480	47,320	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,225	45,680	42,540	66.8	70.7	63.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,080	35,560	41,000	46,080	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,855	47,130	54,730	77.1	72.9	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,210	10,790	10,060	9,210	10,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,535	8,425	7,115	11.8	13.0	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,815	7,390	6,540	5,815	7,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	132,050	64,625	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,390	21,725	18,665	30.6	33.6	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	55,200	44,800	50,400	55,200	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,800	63,950	50,560	57,800	63,950	50,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,940	16,870	18,070	26.5	26.1	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	25,200	20,000	22,400	25,200	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,000	35,560	26,720	31,000	35,560	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.8	86.2	76.2	81.8	86.2	76.2
Employment income (%)	64.6	67.4	60.9	64.6	67.4	60.9
Government transfers (%)	18.3	13.9	23.8	18.3	13.9	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	76,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	45,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	76,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,480	...	...	35,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	45,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,480	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,220	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,870	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,485	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,490	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,055	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,165	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,000	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,035	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,825	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,925	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,420	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,915	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,550	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,455	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,820	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,045	...	...	6.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,225	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	690	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	590	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,510	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,245	...	...	8.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,370	...	...	5.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,300	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,055	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,980	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,380	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,505	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,345	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,505	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,790	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,820	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,230	...	...	18.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,585	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,715	...	...	4.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,930	...	...	5.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35,675	17,305	18,370	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,600	33,600	36,000	31,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,400	29,400	30,600	32,400	29,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35,805	17,445	18,360	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,160	42,400	38,040	40,160	42,400	38,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,440	35,720	33,280	34,440	35,720	33,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	155,535	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,920	14,400	13,525	18.0	18.8	17.2
0 to 5 years	8,740	4,500	4,245	5.6	5.9	5.4
18 to 64 years	91,455	45,430	46,030	58.8	59.2	58.4
65 years and over	36,155	16,905	19,255	23.2	22.0	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	22,215	10,190	12,030	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,135	1,640	1,495	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,030	515	515	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,190	5,570	5,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,895	2,980	4,915	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.3	15.3	14.3	13.3	15.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.4	11.1	11.2	11.4	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.5	12.2	11.8	11.5	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	12.3	12.2	12.2	12.3	12.2
65 years and over (%)	21.8	17.6	25.5	21.8	17.6	25.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	155,340	76,640	78,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,890	14,385	13,500	18.0	18.8	17.2
0 to 5 years	8,730	4,495	4,240	5.6	5.9	5.4
18 to 64 years	91,330	45,365	45,960	58.8	59.2	58.4
65 years and over	36,125	16,885	19,240	23.3	22.0	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,240	3,755	3,485	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	810	450	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	130	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,870	3,080	2,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	555	230	325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	4.9	4.4	4.7	4.9	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.8	6.1	6.4	6.8	6.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	155,535	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	94,695	45,505	49,195	60.9	59.3	62.4
In bottom decile	18,770	8,740	10,030	12.1	11.4	12.7
In second decile	19,670	9,285	10,385	12.6	12.1	13.2
In third decile	19,490	9,350	10,135	12.5	12.2	12.9
In fourth decile	19,220	9,335	9,890	12.4	12.2	12.5
In fifth decile	17,545	8,790	8,760	11.3	11.5	11.1
In top half of the distribution	60,840	31,220	29,615	39.1	40.7	37.6
In sixth decile	16,005	8,175	7,830	10.3	10.7	9.9
In seventh decile	14,445	7,365	7,080	9.3	9.6	9.0
In eighth decile	13,105	6,670	6,440	8.4	8.7	8.2
In ninth decile	10,185	5,330	4,855	6.5	6.9	6.2
In top decile	7,100	3,690	3,410	4.6	4.8	4.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	155,530	...	...	155,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	158,710	77,700	81,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	420	260	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
French only	106,500	48,890	57,615	67.1	62.9	71.1
English and French	51,390	28,340	23,045	32.4	36.5	28.4
Neither English nor French	405	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	158,710	77,700	81,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,130	1,095	1,040	1.3	1.4	1.3
French	155,000	75,755	79,245	97.7	97.5	97.8
English and French	1,215	665	545	0.8	0.9	0.7
Neither English nor French	370	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	158,710	77,700	81,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	156,665	76,610	80,055	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	151,570	73,995	77,575	95.5	95.2	95.8
English	1,790	910	880	1.1	1.2	1.1
French	149,785	73,090	76,695	94.4	94.1	94.7
Non-official languages	5,095	2,615	2,485	3.2	3.4	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	255	115	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,825	2,490	2,330	3.0	3.2	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,235	705	530	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,135	655	475	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,135	655	475	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	1.5	1.5	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,905	940	970	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,615	790	825	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	465	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,045	1,090	960	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	1,120	580	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	720	395	325	0.5	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	158,710	77,700	81,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	790	410	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	147,225	71,675	75,555	92.8	92.2	93.3
Non-official language	1,470	770	705	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,390	730	660	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	4,980	2,710	2,275	3.1	3.5	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,035	1,480	1,555	1.9	1.9	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	510	435	0.6	0.7	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	158,710	77,700	81,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	156,660	76,645	80,015	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	153,915	75,225	78,690	97.0	96.8	97.1
English	1,340	680	660	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	152,575	74,545	78,025	96.1	95.9	96.3
Non-official languages	2,745	1,420	1,325	1.7	1.8	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,610	1,355	1,260	1.6	1.7	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	260	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	465	255	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	255	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,500	765	735	0.9	1.0	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,315	665	650	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,165	590	575	0.7	0.8	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	30	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,050	1,055	1,000	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	950	490	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	935	470	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	158,715	77,700	81,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	151,280	73,770	77,515	95.3	94.9	95.7
English	3,830	2,135	1,700	2.4	2.7	2.1
French	1,350	665	680	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-official language	1,430	705	725	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,375	685	685	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	175	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	440	235	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	155,530	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	155,180	76,535	78,640	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	51,305	28,320	22,985	33.0	36.9	29.2
French	154,745	76,285	78,465	99.5	99.4	99.6
Non-official languages	10,785	5,350	5,435	6.9	7.0	6.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	175	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	395	175	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	385	170	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	365	150	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,390	5,185	5,210	6.7	6.8	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,700	980	720	1.1	1.3	0.9
Berber languages	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,620	940	680	1.0	1.2	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,605	935	680	1.0	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	210	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	355	195	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,610	3,160	3,450	4.2	4.1	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	125	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	125	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	480	280	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	410	245	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	390	225	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,750	2,680	3,070	3.7	3.5	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	380	190	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	335	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	5,230	2,440	2,790	3.4	3.2	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	540	455	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	265	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	130	100	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	355	140	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	355	140	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	130	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	155,535	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,020	1,395	1,630	1.9	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,795	1,305	1,490	1.8	1.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,870	860	1,005	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	880	425	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	152,515	75,335	77,175	98.1	98.2	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	155,535	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,225	535	690	0.8	0.7	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	154,310	76,195	78,120	99.2	99.3	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,870	...	...	57.2	...	...
Renter	32,760	...	...	42.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,570	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not condominium	69,065	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	305	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	11,980	...	...	15.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	24,615	...	...	32.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,355	...	...	31.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,395	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	26,930	...	...	35.1	...	...
5 rooms	14,410	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	8,300	...	...	10.8	...	...
7 rooms	7,655	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,335	...	...	25.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	76,400	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	235	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	75,505	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,130	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,575	...	...	22.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,290	...	...	30.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,750	...	...	14.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,215	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,375	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,090	...	...	6.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,370	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,970	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	72,275	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,360	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,630	...	...	60.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,935	...	...	37.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,070	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,490	...	...	4.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,315	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,770	...	...	15.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,700	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,705	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,590	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,885	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	76,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	66,575	...	...	87.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,470	...	...	12.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,695	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	76,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,060	...	...	18.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,685	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not suitable only	940	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,535	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	710	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	62,580	...	...	81.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,475	...	...	3.3	...	...
Not in core need	72,800	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,595	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.1	...	...	59.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	952	...	...	952	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	227,400	...	...	227,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,670	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	672	...	...	672	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	10	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	600	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	155,535	76,730	78,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,020	1,345	1,675	1.9	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,990	1,330	1,660	1.9	1.7	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,700	1,200	1,495	1.7	1.6	1.9
Métis single ancestry	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,580	1,760	1,825	2.3	2.3	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,565	1,750	1,815	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,240	1,560	1,680	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	190	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	148,930	73,620	75,310	95.8	95.9	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	155,535	76,725	78,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	150,650	74,085	76,565	96.9	96.6	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,995	13,860	13,135	17.4	18.1	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	123,660	60,230	63,430	79.5	78.5	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,885	2,640	2,240	3.1	3.4	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	155,535	76,725	78,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	146,760	72,140	74,625	94.4	94.0	94.7
Immigrants⁸¹	6,360	3,215	3,145	4.1	4.2	4.0
Before 1980	600	310	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	400	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	520	225	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,930	960	975	1.2	1.3	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,905	1,505	1,400	1.9	2.0	1.8
2011 to 2015	1,450	800	650	0.9	1.0	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,455	705	755	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,415	1,375	1,040	1.6	1.8	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,355	3,215	3,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	850	410	440	13.4	12.8	14.0
5 to 14 years	1,215	610	610	19.1	19.0	19.4
15 to 24 years	970	480	490	15.3	14.9	15.6
25 to 44 years	2,930	1,510	1,425	46.1	47.0	45.3
45 years and over	395	205	185	6.2	6.4	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,355	3,215	3,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,745	785	960	27.5	24.4	30.5
Brazil	95	60	40	1.5	1.9	1.3
Colombia	755	345	410	11.9	10.7	13.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	225	105	120	3.5	3.3	3.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	115	45	70	1.8	1.4	2.2
Peru	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
United States of America	135	50	85	2.1	1.6	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	360	155	200	5.7	4.8	6.4
Europe	1,600	865	730	25.2	26.9	23.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	960	545	415	15.1	17.0	13.2
Germany	60	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.1
Greece	70	45	20	1.1	1.4	0.6
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Romania	35	10	20	0.6	0.3	0.6
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	340	165	180	5.4	5.1	5.7
Africa	2,260	1,250	1,015	35.6	38.9	32.3
Algeria	240	160	80	3.8	5.0	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	240	125	115	3.8	3.9	3.7
Egypt	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	395	230	170	6.2	7.2	5.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	725	645	21.6	22.6	20.5
Asia	750	315	440	11.8	9.8	14.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	30	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Lebanon	85	50	40	1.3	1.6	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40	1.5	1.7	1.3
Turkey	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	40	125	2.6	1.2	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Taiwan	35	20	10	0.6	0.6	0.3
Philippines	85	15	65	1.3	0.5	2.1
Viet Nam	80	25	50	1.3	0.8	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	25	60	1.3	0.8	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,460	705	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	135	145	19.5	19.1	19.2
Brazil	15	10	10	1.0	1.4	1.3
Colombia	100	60	45	6.8	8.5	6.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	3.1	3.5	2.6
United States of America	20	20	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	90	25	60	6.2	3.5	7.9
Europe	200	120	75	13.7	17.0	9.9
France	110	65	45	7.5	9.2	6.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25	4.1	5.0	3.3
Africa	735	345	390	50.3	48.9	51.7
Algeria	50	30	20	3.4	4.3	2.6
Burundi	20	10	15	1.4	1.4	2.0
Cameroon	160	80	75	11.0	11.3	9.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15	3.4	4.3	2.0
Côte d'Ivoire	160	55	110	11.0	7.8	14.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	20	30	3.1	2.8	4.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	25	15	2.4	3.5	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	210	90	120	14.4	12.8	15.9
Asia	240	105	135	16.4	14.9	17.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.7	0.0	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	15	2.1	1.4	2.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	15	30	2.7	2.1	4.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	5.5	6.4	4.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	2.1	1.4	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	155,530	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,295	4,765	4,530	6.0	6.2	5.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,170	2,610	2,560	3.3	3.4	3.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,070	69,355	71,720	90.7	90.4	91.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,755	2,900	2,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,965	1,640	1,330	51.5	56.6	46.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,380	985	395	24.0	34.0	13.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,590	660	930	27.6	22.8	32.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,395	550	845	24.2	19.0	29.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,375	700	675	23.9	24.1	23.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,755	2,900	2,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	145	75	70	2.5	2.6	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	485	270	215	8.4	9.3	7.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	120	95	3.8	4.1	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	405	265	140	7.0	9.1	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35	0.8	0.3	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,450	2,150	2,295	77.3	74.1	80.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	155,535	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,315	4,275	4,040	5.3	5.6	5.1
South Asian	225	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	450	145	305	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	3,825	2,015	1,810	2.5	2.6	2.3
Filipino	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,380	825	560	0.9	1.1	0.7
Latin American	1,665	820	840	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	300	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	65	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	147,220	72,450	74,770	94.7	94.4	94.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	155,535	76,725	78,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	61,170	29,545	31,630	39.3	38.5	40.1
English	1,440	695	740	0.9	0.9	0.9
Irish	4,645	2,195	2,455	3.0	2.9	3.1
Scottish	1,980	1,065	915	1.3	1.4	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35,955	18,125	17,830	23.1	23.6	22.6
German	1,505	755	750	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	465	150	315	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,235	585	650	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indian (India)	325	205	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	165	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	280	160	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	21,905	10,665	11,240	14.1	13.9	14.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	120	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	14,780	7,270	7,510	9.5	9.5	9.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,040	2,070	1,965	2.6	2.7	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,495	1,110	1,385	1.6	1.4	1.8
Métis	625	335	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,795	1,980	1,815	2.4	2.6	2.3
Russian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
American	900	380	525	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	600	255	345	0.4	0.3	0.4
Swedish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,870	905	965	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	760	405	350	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	105	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	665	350	310	0.4	0.5	0.4
Greek	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	275	160	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,505	790	715	1.0	1.0	0.9
Danish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	755	375	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	610	290	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	445	225	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	365	220	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	125	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	75	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	905	445	460	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	430	275	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	60	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	270	170	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	430	205	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	360	195	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	220	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	250	160	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	315	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	240	115	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guatemalan	65	55	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	770	345	425	0.5	0.4	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	180	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	315	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	195	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	290	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	455	220	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bamileke	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	145	100	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	155,535	76,725	78,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	111,390	53,155	58,230	71.6	69.3	73.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,910	3,475	3,440	4.4	4.5	4.4
Anabaptist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	485	225	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	101,530	48,310	53,225	65.3	63.0	67.5
Christian Orthodox	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	550	205	340	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,030	475	555	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hindu	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jewish	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,245	1,275	970	1.4	1.7	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	460	190	265	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	41,170	21,970	19,195	26.5	28.6	24.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	154,240	76,050	78,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	135,610	66,970	68,635	87.9	88.1	87.8
Movers	18,635	9,085	9,550	12.1	11.9	12.2
Non-migrants	12,045	5,810	6,230	7.8	7.6	8.0
Migrants	6,585	3,270	3,315	4.3	4.3	4.2
Internal migrants	5,930	2,935	3,000	3.8	3.9	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,725	2,855	2,875	3.7	3.8	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	210	80	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	650	340	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	148,335	72,865	75,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,720	44,815	45,900	61.2	61.5	60.8
Movers	57,615	28,050	29,565	38.8	38.5	39.2
Non-migrants	31,630	15,105	16,520	21.3	20.7	21.9
Migrants	25,985	12,935	13,045	17.5	17.8	17.3
Internal migrants	22,755	11,185	11,570	15.3	15.4	15.3
Intraprovincial migrants	22,050	10,850	11,200	14.9	14.9	14.8
Interprovincial migrants	705	335	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	3,235	1,755	1,480	2.2	2.4	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	132,050	64,625	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,450	13,390	12,060	19.3	20.7	17.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	106,600	51,235	55,355	80.7	79.3	82.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,490	39,410	40,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,330	6,735	4,590	14.3	17.1	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,160	32,670	35,490	85.7	82.9	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	132,050	64,630	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,405	11,085	11,320	17.0	17.2	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,030	13,675	15,355	22.0	21.2	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80,615	39,870	40,745	61.0	61.7	60.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,175	28,570	26,605	41.8	44.2	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,080	15,305	8,780	18.2	23.7	13.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	17,575	10,105	7,475	13.3	15.6	11.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,500	5,195	1,305	4.9	8.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,975	11,165	14,810	19.7	17.3	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,120	2,100	3,020	3.9	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,440	11,300	14,145	19.3	17.5	21.0
Bachelor's degree	16,880	7,250	9,630	12.8	11.2	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,925	880	1,045	1.5	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	810	380	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	4,855	2,275	2,580	3.7	3.5	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	965	510	455	0.7	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,490	39,410	40,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,155	5,155	4,000	11.5	13.1	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,965	6,485	6,475	16.3	16.5	16.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,375	27,770	29,605	72.2	70.5	73.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,115	19,735	18,375	47.9	50.1	45.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,525	10,925	6,595	22.0	27.7	16.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,855	7,215	5,640	16.2	18.3	14.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,665	3,715	955	5.9	9.4	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,425	7,410	10,015	21.9	18.8	25.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,165	1,400	1,770	4.0	3.6	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,260	8,030	11,230	24.2	20.4	28.0
Bachelor's degree	12,590	5,155	7,435	15.8	13.1	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	550	820	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	665	270	395	0.8	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	3,925	1,725	2,200	4.9	4.4	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	705	325	380	0.9	0.8	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	132,050	64,630	67,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,435	24,760	26,675	39.0	38.3	39.6
Education	6,765	1,595	5,170	5.1	2.5	7.7
13. Education	6,765	1,595	5,170	5.1	2.5	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,185	960	1,225	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	235	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,830	720	1,110	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	3,915	1,645	2,270	3.0	2.5	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465	110	360	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,830	765	1,060	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	155	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	360	225	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	625	210	415	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,175	1,735	4,445	4.7	2.7	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	285	565	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,265	90	1,175	1.0	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	805	275	525	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	40	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	2,015	480	1,535	1.5	0.7	2.3
45. Social sciences	970	535	430	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	18,445	6,535	11,905	14.0	10.1	17.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,115	280	830	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,330	6,260	11,070	13.1	9.7	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,840	1,640	1,205	2.2	2.5	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	890	380	510	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	215	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	610	270	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	785	620	170	0.6	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	150	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,285	1,595	690	1.7	2.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,795	1,400	400	1.4	2.2	0.6
25. Library science	300	55	245	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	100	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	50	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,360	17,075	1,285	13.9	26.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	465	285	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,465	2,150	315	1.9	3.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,730	3,415	315	2.8	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,235	4,100	140	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,290	4,135	150	3.2	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	3,170	2,990	180	2.4	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,145	1,355	785	1.6	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,295	635	660	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	850	720	130	0.6	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	11,285	2,145	9,145	8.5	3.3	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	760	390	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,115	1,580	8,535	7.7	2.4	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	385	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,200	3,590	2,610	4.7	5.6	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,075	825	2,250	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,345	1,115	230	1.0	1.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,755	1,625	130	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,490	39,410	40,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,115	11,640	10,475	27.8	29.5	26.1
Education	4,180	895	3,285	5.3	2.3	8.2
13. Education	4,180	895	3,285	5.3	2.3	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,580	700	880	2.0	1.8	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	175	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,310	525	785	1.6	1.3	2.0
Humanities	2,230	900	1,335	2.8	2.3	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	60	280	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	960	430	530	1.2	1.1	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	250	150	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	365	115	255	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,665	1,190	3,470	5.9	3.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	720	230	490	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	60	885	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	595	180	415	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,545	330	1,215	1.9	0.8	3.0
45. Social sciences	670	360	310	0.8	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	13,355	4,445	8,910	16.8	11.3	22.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	815	195	625	1.0	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,540	4,250	8,285	15.8	10.8	20.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,590	945	650	2.0	2.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	260	390	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	95	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	540	415	125	0.7	1.1	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,810	1,280	530	2.3	3.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540	1,190	350	1.9	3.0	0.9
25. Library science	165	20	145	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,165	12,030	1,135	16.6	30.5	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	355	215	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,025	1,735	290	2.5	4.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,630	2,330	300	3.3	5.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,965	2,855	110	3.7	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,990	2,855	135	3.8	7.2	0.3
48. Precision production	2,195	2,035	160	2.8	5.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760	1,080	680	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,070	505	565	1.3	1.3	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	690	575	115	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	8,270	1,615	6,655	10.4	4.1	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	605	295	310	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,310	1,200	6,115	9.2	3.0	15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	330	125	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,760	2,695	2,065	6.0	6.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,350	595	1,760	3.0	1.5	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	870	185	1.3	2.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,335	1,220	115	1.7	3.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	79,490	39,410	40,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,115	11,640	10,475	27.8	29.5	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	57,375	27,770	29,605	72.2	70.5	73.9
Location of study inside Canada	54,860	26,435	28,425	69.0	67.1	70.9
Same as province or territory of residence	54,260	26,095	28,165	68.3	66.2	70.3
Different than province or territory of residence	605	335	260	0.8	0.9	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,515	1,330	1,175	3.2	3.4	2.9
Americas	685	320	365	0.9	0.8	0.9
United States of America	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	805	485	325	1.0	1.2	0.8
Belgium	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	560	335	225	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	735	415	315	0.9	1.1	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	145	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Morocco	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	380	205	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Asia	275	110	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	132,050	64,630	67,420	...	...	...
In the labour force	78,570	40,205	38,360	...	...	...
Employed	73,530	37,320	36,210	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,040	2,885	2,150	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	53,485	24,430	29,055	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.5	62.2	56.9	59.5	62.2	56.9
Employment rate	55.7	57.7	53.7	55.7	57.7	53.7
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.2	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	132,050	64,630	67,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,205	23,590	28,610	39.5	36.5	42.4
Worked	79,845	41,040	38,805	60.5	63.5	57.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	41,500	22,430	19,070	31.4	34.7	28.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	38,340	18,610	19,735	29.0	28.8	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.8	41.1	41.5	41.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	78,570	40,200	38,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	855	790	2.1	2.1	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	76,925	39,345	37,575	97.9	97.9	97.9
Employee	69,245	34,910	34,335	88.1	86.8	89.5
Permanent position	58,035	29,530	28,500	73.9	73.5	74.3
Temporary position	11,210	5,380	5,835	14.3	13.4	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,705	1,600	2,100	4.7	4.0	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,510	3,775	3,730	9.6	9.4	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,680	4,435	3,240	9.8	11.0	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	78,570	40,200	38,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	855	790	2.1	2.1	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	76,925	39,345	37,575	97.9	97.9	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,110	750	360	1.4	1.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,245	3,885	8,355	15.6	9.7	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,500	3,525	970	5.7	8.8	2.5
3 Health occupations	7,985	1,470	6,515	10.2	3.7	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,370	3,130	7,240	13.2	7.8	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,765	890	875	2.2	2.2	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	20,715	9,255	11,455	26.4	23.0	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,020	12,160	855	16.6	30.2	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,190	955	240	1.5	2.4	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,025	3,315	710	5.1	8.2	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	78,570	40,200	38,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	855	790	2.1	2.1	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	76,925	39,345	37,575	97.9	97.9	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,275	885	390	1.6	2.2	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	185	160	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	935	765	170	1.2	1.9	0.4
23 Construction	4,960	4,380	580	6.3	10.9	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	8,830	7,000	1,825	11.2	17.4	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,835	1,340	500	2.3	3.3	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	10,070	4,650	5,420	12.8	11.6	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,160	2,575	590	4.0	6.4	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,390	810	585	1.8	2.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,155	840	1,315	2.7	2.1	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840	495	350	1.1	1.2	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,835	2,145	1,690	4.9	5.3	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,575	1,665	910	3.3	4.1	2.4
61 Educational services	6,275	1,830	4,440	8.0	4.6	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	13,950	2,765	11,185	17.8	6.9	29.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	590	480	1.4	1.5	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	5,080	2,265	2,815	6.5	5.6	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,710	1,840	1,865	4.7	4.6	4.9
91 Public administration	4,775	2,350	2,430	6.1	5.8	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	84,385	43,230	41,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	655	360	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	74,880	37,365	37,510	88.7	86.4	91.1
Non-official language	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,310	5,245	3,065	9.8	12.1	7.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	84,385	43,230	41,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	83,290	42,580	40,710	98.7	98.5	98.9
Official languages	83,135	42,500	40,635	98.5	98.3	98.7
English	1,690	990	695	2.0	2.3	1.7
French	81,445	41,505	39,940	96.5	96.0	97.0
Non-official languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,100	650	450	1.3	1.5	1.1
English and French	1,025	625	400	1.2	1.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	84,385	43,230	41,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,690	38,400	38,285	90.9	88.8	93.0
English	6,330	4,020	2,310	7.5	9.3	5.6
French	1,025	645	380	1.2	1.5	0.9
Non-official language	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	73,525	37,320	36,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,270	5,285	5,985	15.3	14.2	16.5
Worked outside Canada	105	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,470	5,385	2,085	10.2	14.4	5.8
Usual place of work	54,685	26,565	28,120	74.4	71.2	77.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	54,685	26,565	28,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	39,710	18,200	21,510	72.6	68.5	76.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,200	995	1,205	4.0	3.7	4.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,725	7,340	5,385	23.3	27.6	19.2
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	62,155	31,950	30,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	56,735	29,290	27,445	91.3	91.7	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	54,045	28,085	25,960	87.0	87.9	85.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,690	1,210	1,480	4.3	3.8	4.9
Public transit	1,290	470	820	2.1	1.5	2.7
Walked	2,940	1,395	1,540	4.7	4.4	5.1
Bicycle	395	325	70	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other method	800	470	335	1.3	1.5	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	62,155	31,950	30,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	27,890	13,330	14,560	44.9	41.7	48.2
15 to 29 minutes	23,175	11,570	11,605	37.3	36.2	38.4
30 to 44 minutes	7,170	4,265	2,910	11.5	13.3	9.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,690	1,070	620	2.7	3.3	2.1
60 minutes and over	2,225	1,715	510	3.6	5.4	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	62,155	31,950	30,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,950	2,305	645	4.7	7.2	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,920	6,800	3,120	16.0	21.3	10.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,280	10,440	10,845	34.2	32.7	35.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,395	5,110	8,280	21.6	16.0	27.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,395	2,180	3,215	8.7	6.8	10.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,215	5,110	4,100	14.8	16.0	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,435	14,665	13,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,965	1,415	1,550	10.4	9.6	11.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,470	13,250	12,220	89.6	90.4	88.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,685	10,690	10,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,325	1,085	1,240	11.2	10.1	12.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,750	780	975	8.5	7.3	9.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	305	265	2.8	2.9	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,360	9,605	8,760	88.8	89.9	87.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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