Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thérèse-De BlainvilleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,160	54,595	57,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,690	10,015	9,680	17.6	18.3	16.8
0 to 4 years	5,275	2,710	2,570	4.7	5.0	4.5
5 to 9 years	6,670	3,375	3,300	5.9	6.2	5.7
10 to 14 years	7,740	3,925	3,815	6.9	7.2	6.6
15 to 64 years	72,840	35,870	36,970	64.9	65.7	64.2
15 to 19 years	7,380	3,760	3,615	6.6	6.9	6.3
20 to 24 years	6,280	3,175	3,100	5.6	5.8	5.4
25 to 29 years	6,020	3,005	3,015	5.4	5.5	5.2
30 to 34 years	6,040	2,945	3,100	5.4	5.4	5.4
35 to 39 years	6,665	3,195	3,465	5.9	5.9	6.0
40 to 44 years	7,755	3,715	4,040	6.9	6.8	7.0
45 to 49 years	8,240	4,000	4,250	7.3	7.3	7.4
50 to 54 years	8,295	4,085	4,210	7.4	7.5	7.3
55 to 59 years	8,650	4,300	4,355	7.7	7.9	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,505	3,695	3,810	6.7	6.8	6.6
65 years and over	19,625	8,715	10,915	17.5	16.0	19.0
65 to 69 years	5,945	2,765	3,185	5.3	5.1	5.5
70 to 74 years	5,100	2,325	2,775	4.5	4.3	4.8
75 to 79 years	3,920	1,790	2,135	3.5	3.3	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,390	1,020	1,370	2.1	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	2,275	815	1,455	2.0	1.5	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,560	585	975	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	560	195	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
95 to 99 years	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.3	16.8	17.6	18.3	16.8
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.7	64.2	64.9	65.7	64.2
65 years and over	17.5	16.0	19.0	17.5	16.0	19.0
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	41.4	40.4	42.2	41.4	40.4	42.2
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	43.6	42.8	41.6	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,805	...	...	55.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,020	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	880	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,760	...	...	6.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,990	...	...	29.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,120	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,225	...	...	27.3	...	...
2 persons	15,375	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 persons	6,670	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	7,000	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,440	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,550	53,640	55,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,470	44,580	47,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,190	27,020	27,170	58.6	60.6	56.7
Married	30,800	15,350	15,445	33.3	34.4	32.3
Living common-law	23,395	11,670	11,725	25.3	26.2	24.5
Living common law - Never married	18,445	9,115	9,335	19.9	20.4	19.5
Living common law - Separated	235	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,260	2,225	2,030	4.6	5.0	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	450	200	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	38,280	17,565	20,710	41.4	39.4	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,665	13,860	12,800	28.8	31.1	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,140	505	630	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,115	2,250	3,860	6.6	5.0	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,365	950	3,415	4.7	2.1	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,565	...	...	48.9	...	...
3 persons	6,535	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	6,915	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,810	...	...	8.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,595	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	14,925	...	...	46.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,820	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	7,110	...	...	22.3	...	...
Common-law couples	11,670	...	...	36.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,270	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	5,400	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,225	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,840	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,385	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,550	53,640	55,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,205	46,130	47,075	85.1	86.0	84.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,190	26,555	26,635	48.6	49.5	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,225	1,385	3,840	4.8	2.6	6.9
Children⁶	34,790	18,195	16,595	31.8	33.9	29.7
In a two-parent family	26,795	13,940	12,855	24.5	26.0	23.0
In a one-parent family	7,995	4,255	3,745	7.3	7.9	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,340	7,510	8,835	14.9	14.0	15.8
Living alone	12,225	5,430	6,795	11.2	10.1	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,920	780	1,135	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,200	1,300	900	2.0	2.4	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,500	...	...	66.0	...	...
Couple-family households	24,930	...	...	55.8	...	...
With children⁶	13,195	...	...	29.5	...	...
Without children	11,735	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,570	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	880	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	865	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,125	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	12,225	...	...	27.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,870	43,635	46,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,380	42,475	44,905	97.2	97.3	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,800	40,800	46,000	52,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,425	42,510	44,920	97.3	97.4	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,400	40,000	44,800	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,500	40,335	41,165	90.7	92.4	89.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,200	31,400	38,800	47,200	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,105	34,700	33,405	75.8	79.5	72.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	34,800	40,800	48,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,310	30,995	38,310	77.1	71.0	82.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,000	11,000	10,100	9,000	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,990	4,960	5,030	11.1	11.4	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,640	5,480	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,405	14,155	13,250	30.5	32.4	28.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	8,000	6,550	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,435	42,470	44,960	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,350	69,100	50,120	59,350	69,100	50,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,475	42,500	44,975	97.3	97.4	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,080	53,000	41,480	47,080	53,000	41,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,785	40,410	41,375	91.0	92.6	89.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,550	64,400	42,920	53,550	64,400	42,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,110	34,595	33,520	75.8	79.3	72.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,950	61,850	43,720	52,950	61,850	43,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,415	31,085	38,330	77.2	71.2	82.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,670	10,730	12,430	11,670	10,730	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,820	4,945	4,870	10.9	11.3	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	5,990	8,000	6,980	5,990	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,650	14,205	13,445	30.8	32.5	29.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,440	8,280	7,850	7,440	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,165	17,740	15,430	36.9	40.6	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	73,000	58,000	66,000	73,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,700	89,700	66,000	78,700	89,700	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,045	13,210	14,830	31.2	30.3	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	23,000	17,200	19,600	23,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,560	36,840	26,840	31,560	36,840	26,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	88.6	78.8	84.4	88.6	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	72.8	65.0	69.4	72.8	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	11.4	21.2	15.6	11.4	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.8	4.7	4.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.6	4.9	4.2	3.6	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,870	43,635	46,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,495	1,165	1,330	2.8	2.7	2.9
With total income	87,380	42,475	44,905	97.2	97.3	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,020	2,620	3,400	6.9	6.2	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,850	3,410	5,440	10.1	8.0	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	12,180	4,980	7,205	13.9	11.7	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,155	4,290	5,865	11.6	10.1	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,335	4,690	5,645	11.8	11.0	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,915	4,170	4,740	10.2	9.8	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,875	3,555	3,320	7.9	8.4	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,360	2,980	2,380	6.1	7.0	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,710	2,525	2,185	5.4	5.9	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,310	1,920	1,390	3.8	4.5	3.1
$100,000 and over	10,660	7,330	3,335	12.2	17.3	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,845	4,525	2,320	7.8	10.6	5.2
$150,000 and over	3,820	2,810	1,015	4.4	6.6	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,870	43,635	46,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,445	1,130	1,315	2.7	2.6	2.8
With after-tax income	87,425	42,510	44,920	97.3	97.4	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,550	2,795	3,760	7.5	6.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,430	3,670	5,760	10.8	8.6	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,340	5,905	8,435	16.4	13.9	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,145	5,860	7,285	15.0	13.8	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,525	6,015	6,505	14.3	14.2	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,560	5,015	4,545	10.9	11.8	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,145	3,860	3,285	8.2	9.1	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,915	2,740	2,175	5.6	6.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,930	1,115	3.5	4.6	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,890	1,215	675	2.2	2.9	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,865	3,495	1,370	5.6	8.2	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,380	1,640	740	2.7	3.9	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,485	1,860	630	2.8	4.4	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,870	43,635	46,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,765	8,935	12,830	24.2	20.5	27.7
With employment income	68,105	34,700	33,405	75.8	79.5	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,525	4,345	4,180	12.5	12.5	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,260	2,275	2,985	7.7	6.6	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,880	3,360	4,520	11.6	9.7	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,100	2,550	3,550	9.0	7.3	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,745	2,515	3,225	8.4	7.2	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,040	2,795	3,245	8.9	8.1	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,535	2,745	2,790	8.1	7.9	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,555	2,485	2,065	6.7	7.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,905	2,205	1,700	5.7	6.4	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,715	1,975	1,740	5.5	5.7	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,490	910	3.5	4.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,450	5,960	2,490	12.4	17.2	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,745	2,520	1,220	5.5	7.3	3.7
$125,000 and over	4,710	3,435	1,270	6.9	9.9	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,870	43,635	46,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,445	41,445	44,005	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	38,400	44,400	52,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,490	41,455	44,040	95.1	95.0	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,400	38,800	44,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,950	39,600	40,350	89.0	90.8	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,600	33,200	40,400	49,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,820	34,505	33,320	75.5	79.1	72.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	36,000	42,000	50,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,040	25,970	35,070	67.9	59.5	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	4,320	7,600	6,280	4,320	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,755	4,430	4,330	9.7	10.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,160	5,200	4,600	4,160	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,365	41,410	43,950	95.0	94.9	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,350	68,500	46,840	57,350	68,500	46,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,410	41,420	43,990	95.0	94.9	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,240	52,300	38,600	45,240	52,300	38,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,095	39,695	40,400	89.1	90.9	87.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450	66,300	42,720	54,450	66,300	42,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,710	34,470	33,235	75.3	79.0	71.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,700	63,000	44,080	53,700	63,000	44,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,120	25,905	35,220	68.0	59.4	76.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,760	7,830	9,450	8,760	7,830	9,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,715	4,405	4,315	9.7	10.1	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	5,230	8,650	6,920	5,230	8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,955	17,610	15,345	36.7	40.3	33.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	71,500	54,400	62,800	71,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,100	86,800	61,700	75,100	86,800	61,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,575	12,675	13,895	29.6	29.0	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,400	22,200	25,000	29,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	42,720	31,400	36,800	42,720	31,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.8	83.8	89.0	92.8	83.8
Employment income (%)	74.2	76.6	71.2	74.2	76.6	71.2
Government transfers (%)	10.9	7.1	16.2	10.9	7.1	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8	1.2	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,750	...	...	53,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,280	...	...	44,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,515	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,155	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,480	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,790	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,595	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,270	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,830	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,795	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,550	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,315	...	...	45.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,585	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,145	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,260	...	...	11.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,315	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,690	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,505	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,580	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,005	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,080	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,075	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,430	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,905	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,505	...	...	34.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,650	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,885	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,970	...	...	13.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,425	6,725	7,700	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,000	40,000	43,200	48,000	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,800	35,600	37,600	40,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,300	...	...	116,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	179,600	...	...	179,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,395	6,675	7,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,650	57,400	46,640	51,650	57,400	46,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,760	45,960	39,960	42,760	45,960	39,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,550	53,640	55,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,155	12,290	11,865	22.0	22.9	21.2
0 to 5 years	6,500	3,345	3,150	5.9	6.2	5.6
18 to 64 years	68,210	33,470	34,735	62.3	62.4	62.1
65 years and over	17,180	7,880	9,305	15.7	14.7	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,180	3,040	4,145	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,420	710	710	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	380	195	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,575	1,630	1,945	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,190	705	1,485	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	5.7	7.4	6.6	5.7	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.9	5.8	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.9	5.8	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.9	5.6	5.2	4.9	5.6
65 years and over (%)	12.7	8.9	16.0	12.7	8.9	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,550	53,640	55,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,155	12,290	11,865	22.0	22.9	21.2
0 to 5 years	6,500	3,345	3,150	5.9	6.2	5.6
18 to 64 years	68,210	33,470	34,735	62.3	62.4	62.1
65 years and over	17,180	7,880	9,305	15.7	14.7	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,670	1,680	1,990	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	705	355	345	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	95	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,295	1,125	1,170	...	...	...
65 years and over	670	200	465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.1	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
65 years and over (%)	3.9	2.6	5.0	3.9	2.6	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,550	53,640	55,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,015	22,475	25,540	43.8	41.9	45.7
In bottom decile	6,020	2,650	3,375	5.5	4.9	6.0
In second decile	8,150	3,610	4,535	7.4	6.7	8.1
In third decile	10,160	4,730	5,430	9.3	8.8	9.7
In fourth decile	11,395	5,440	5,955	10.4	10.1	10.7
In fifth decile	12,295	6,050	6,245	11.2	11.3	11.2
In top half of the distribution	61,530	31,165	30,370	56.2	58.1	54.3
In sixth decile	12,500	6,330	6,170	11.4	11.8	11.0
In seventh decile	12,930	6,530	6,400	11.8	12.2	11.4
In eighth decile	12,675	6,390	6,285	11.6	11.9	11.2
In ninth decile	11,710	5,940	5,765	10.7	11.1	10.3
In top decile	11,715	5,975	5,745	10.7	11.1	10.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,545	...	...	109,545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,550	54,060	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,520	825	700	1.4	1.5	1.2
French only	45,520	20,250	25,275	41.2	37.5	44.7
English and French	63,015	32,800	30,220	57.0	60.7	53.5
Neither English nor French	495	190	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,550	54,060	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,285	3,800	3,485	6.6	7.0	6.2
French	99,505	48,375	51,130	90.0	89.5	90.5
English and French	3,290	1,710	1,585	3.0	3.2	2.8
Neither English nor French	470	170	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,550	54,060	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,750	52,130	54,625	96.6	96.4	96.7
Official languages	95,875	46,820	49,055	86.7	86.6	86.8
English	4,545	2,405	2,135	4.1	4.4	3.8
French	91,335	44,415	46,920	82.6	82.2	83.1
Non-official languages	10,875	5,305	5,570	9.8	9.8	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,870	5,305	5,570	9.8	9.8	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,500	1,280	1,225	2.3	2.4	2.2
Berber languages	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,215	1,125	1,090	2.0	2.1	1.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,205	1,120	1,085	2.0	2.1	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	885	395	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Haitian Creole	760	340	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,240	3,065	3,175	5.6	5.7	5.6
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	625	285	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	620	280	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	540	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	390	185	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,500	2,205	2,295	4.1	4.1	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	970	505	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portuguese	940	460	480	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	655	315	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,935	920	1,010	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	170	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	390	170	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,800	1,935	1,870	3.4	3.6	3.3
English and French	1,870	960	905	1.7	1.8	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,205	585	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,550	54,060	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,810	1,995	1,815	3.4	3.7	3.2
French	87,670	42,640	45,030	79.3	78.9	79.7
Non-official language	2,430	1,170	1,260	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,425	1,170	1,260	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	7,720	3,905	3,815	7.0	7.2	6.8
English and non-official language(s)	910	465	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	4,705	2,245	2,455	4.3	4.2	4.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,200	1,595	1,610	2.9	3.0	2.8
Multiple non-official languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,550	54,060	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,390	52,010	54,380	96.2	96.2	96.3
Official languages	101,645	49,715	51,930	91.9	92.0	91.9
English	6,220	3,200	3,015	5.6	5.9	5.3
French	95,425	46,510	48,910	86.3	86.0	86.6
Non-official languages	4,740	2,290	2,450	4.3	4.2	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,745	2,290	2,450	4.3	4.2	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,030	515	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	925	465	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	925	465	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	250	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,800	1,360	1,445	2.5	2.5	2.6
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,930	930	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	325	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	415	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,065	515	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	290	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,160	2,045	2,115	3.8	3.8	3.7
English and French	2,105	1,045	1,055	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,380	670	710	1.2	1.2	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	410	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,550	54,060	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	97,320	47,475	49,850	88.0	87.8	88.2
English	4,990	2,545	2,450	4.5	4.7	4.3
French	2,850	1,400	1,455	2.6	2.6	2.6
Non-official language	3,025	1,465	1,560	2.7	2.7	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,025	1,460	1,560	2.7	2.7	2.8
English and French	530	275	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,100	550	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	555	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,430	53,605	55,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,870	53,395	55,475	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	64,315	33,550	30,770	58.8	62.6	55.1
French	107,265	52,550	54,710	98.0	98.0	98.0
Non-official languages	20,085	9,735	10,350	18.4	18.2	18.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,085	9,735	10,350	18.4	18.2	18.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,135	2,120	2,020	3.8	4.0	3.6
Berber languages	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,945	2,030	1,915	3.6	3.8	3.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,895	2,010	1,885	3.6	3.7	3.4
Aramaic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,255	1,020	1,230	2.1	1.9	2.2
Haitian Creole	2,165	975	1,190	2.0	1.8	2.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,115	5,950	6,165	11.1	11.1	11.0
Albanian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	925	440	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	925	435	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	595	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	365	190	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	360	190	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	365	220	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	730	350	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	470	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	425	185	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dari	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	315	135	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,750	4,770	4,985	8.9	8.9	8.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,205	1,175	1,025	2.0	2.2	1.8
Portuguese	1,445	740	700	1.3	1.4	1.3
Romanian	855	405	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	5,875	2,745	3,135	5.4	5.1	5.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	500	240	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	590	245	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	590	245	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	470	195	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,430	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,345	615	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,230	560	670	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	765	340	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	445	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,090	52,990	55,095	98.8	98.9	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,430	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,155	53,455	55,695	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,625	...	...	70.7	...	...
Renter	13,100	...	...	29.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,150	...	...	16.0	...	...
Not condominium	37,575	...	...	84.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,410	...	...	9.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,775	...	...	28.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,965	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,485	...	...	27.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,955	...	...	29.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,530	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,390	...	...	9.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,075	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,780	...	...	35.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,445	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,660	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,070	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,375	...	...	7.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,715	...	...	24.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,915	...	...	15.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,660	...	...	17.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,345	...	...	12.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,645	...	...	10.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,025	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,045	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,850	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,875	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,020	...	...	49.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,715	...	...	48.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	990	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	770	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,545	...	...	12.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,850	...	...	17.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,785	...	...	21.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,735	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,660	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,680	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	700	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,995	...	...	85.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,655	...	...	14.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,225	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,125	...	...	20.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,285	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not suitable only	885	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,500	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,600	...	...	79.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,245	...	...	5.1	...	...
Not in core need	41,975	...	...	94.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.8	...	...	69.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,436	...	...	1,436	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,400	...	...	452,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,100	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.5	...	...	27.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,008	...	...	1,008	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,430	53,605	55,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,055	480	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,055	480	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	930	420	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis single ancestry	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,390	1,095	1,295	2.2	2.0	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,385	1,095	1,285	2.2	2.0	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,165	1,000	1,165	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,990	52,030	53,955	96.9	97.1	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,430	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,490	52,160	54,330	97.3	97.3	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,650	12,030	11,625	21.6	22.4	20.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,840	40,130	42,705	75.7	74.9	76.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,945	1,450	1,495	2.7	2.7	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,430	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,200	46,975	49,230	87.9	87.6	88.2
Immigrants⁸¹	12,745	6,380	6,365	11.6	11.9	11.4
Before 1980	1,815	980	840	1.7	1.8	1.5
1980 to 1990	1,415	780	635	1.3	1.5	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,855	920	940	1.7	1.7	1.7
2001 to 2010	4,020	1,970	2,050	3.7	3.7	3.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,640	1,740	1,900	3.3	3.2	3.4
2011 to 2015	2,280	1,115	1,165	2.1	2.1	2.1
2016 to 2021	1,355	620	735	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	485	255	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,745	6,380	6,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,445	755	690	11.3	11.8	10.8
5 to 14 years	2,535	1,335	1,200	19.9	20.9	18.9
15 to 24 years	2,100	1,010	1,090	16.5	15.8	17.1
25 to 44 years	5,950	2,955	2,995	46.7	46.3	47.1
45 years and over	730	325	400	5.7	5.1	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,745	6,380	6,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,385	1,605	1,780	26.6	25.2	28.0
Brazil	125	60	60	1.0	0.9	0.9
Colombia	325	135	190	2.6	2.1	3.0
El Salvador	125	55	70	1.0	0.9	1.1
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	1,500	695	810	11.8	10.9	12.7
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	265	120	145	2.1	1.9	2.3
Peru	170	75	90	1.3	1.2	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	245	120	125	1.9	1.9	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	610	325	285	4.8	5.1	4.5
Europe	3,685	1,955	1,730	28.9	30.6	27.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	1,060	590	475	8.3	9.2	7.5
Germany	85	40	40	0.7	0.6	0.6
Greece	55	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungary	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	400	240	160	3.1	3.8	2.5
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	100	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	555	280	280	4.4	4.4	4.4
Romania	470	220	250	3.7	3.4	3.9
Russian Federation	115	50	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	155	75	80	1.2	1.2	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	45	40	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	590	330	260	4.6	5.2	4.1
Africa	3,075	1,555	1,530	24.1	24.4	24.0
Algeria	655	340	315	5.1	5.3	4.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	175	90	85	1.4	1.4	1.3
Egypt	310	170	135	2.4	2.7	2.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,030	505	525	8.1	7.9	8.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	895	440	460	7.0	6.9	7.2
Asia	2,575	1,255	1,325	20.2	19.7	20.8
Afghanistan	95	40	60	0.7	0.6	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	250	115	135	2.0	1.8	2.1
Iraq	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	570	345	225	4.5	5.4	3.5
Syria⁸⁹	300	125	175	2.4	2.0	2.7
Turkey	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
China⁹⁰	335	130	205	2.6	2.0	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	100	25	75	0.8	0.4	1.2
Viet Nam	170	80	90	1.3	1.3	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	55	50	0.8	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	85	55	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	380	195	185	3.0	3.1	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,355	625	735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	350	150	200	25.8	24.0	27.2
Brazil	25	20	10	1.8	3.2	1.4
Colombia	85	35	50	6.3	5.6	6.8
Haiti	115	50	70	8.5	8.0	9.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	15	2.6	1.6	2.0
United States of America	15	10	10	1.1	1.6	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	20	35	4.1	3.2	4.8
Europe	260	155	110	19.2	24.8	15.0
France	155	85	70	11.4	13.6	9.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	15	15	2.6	2.4	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	40	20	4.4	6.4	2.7
Africa	195	95	105	14.4	15.2	14.3
Algeria	20	10	10	1.5	1.6	1.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	55	25	30	4.1	4.0	4.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	10	2.6	4.0	1.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	1.8	2.4	2.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	1.1	1.6	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	20	2.2	1.6	2.7
Asia	545	225	315	40.2	36.0	42.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	45	75	9.2	7.2	10.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	10	0	1.8	1.6	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	55	35	20	4.1	5.6	2.7
Iraq	30	10	10	2.2	1.6	1.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	1.8	1.6	2.0
Lebanon	55	20	35	4.1	3.2	4.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Philippines	25	10	15	1.8	1.6	2.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	40	95	9.6	6.4	12.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	20	3.0	4.0	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,435	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,050	6,970	7,080	12.8	13.0	12.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,245	6,145	6,100	11.2	11.5	10.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,135	40,490	42,645	76.0	75.5	76.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,930	5,400	5,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,225	3,320	2,905	57.0	61.5	52.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,650	1,715	935	24.2	31.8	16.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,575	1,600	1,970	32.7	29.6	35.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,900	1,185	1,715	26.5	21.9	31.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,660	835	820	15.2	15.5	14.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	145	65	85	1.3	1.2	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,930	5,400	5,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	960	515	450	8.8	9.5	8.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	865	470	395	7.9	8.7	7.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	190	65	2.3	3.5	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	375	210	160	3.4	3.9	2.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,380	3,960	4,420	76.7	73.3	79.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,430	53,605	55,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,460	6,425	7,030	12.3	12.0	12.6
South Asian	465	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	755	250	500	0.7	0.5	0.9
Black	5,100	2,485	2,615	4.7	4.6	4.7
Filipino	135	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	3,370	1,700	1,670	3.1	3.2	3.0
Latin American	1,900	915	985	1.7	1.7	1.8
Southeast Asian	785	400	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	420	160	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,970	47,180	48,795	87.7	88.0	87.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,430	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	35,165	16,920	18,245	32.1	31.6	32.7
English	1,720	900	825	1.6	1.7	1.5
Irish	5,295	2,510	2,790	4.8	4.7	5.0
Scottish	2,065	970	1,100	1.9	1.8	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,340	13,030	13,310	24.1	24.3	23.8
German	1,535	720	820	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	935	385	555	0.9	0.7	1.0
Italian	5,875	2,970	2,910	5.4	5.5	5.2
Indian (India)	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	550	280	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Polish	740	340	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Québécois	13,290	6,500	6,785	12.1	12.1	12.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	420	185	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Filipino	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	7,425	3,650	3,775	6.8	6.8	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,880	900	980	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,645	770	875	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	315	125	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,205	670	530	1.1	1.2	0.9
Russian	470	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	2,020	1,035	985	1.8	1.9	1.8
American	610	265	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,420	745	665	1.3	1.4	1.2
Swedish	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	995	410	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	570	265	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	280	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,245	610	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Greek	820	465	355	0.7	0.9	0.6
Jamaican	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	705	330	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	1,070	575	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Iranian	340	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	820	440	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belgian	810	425	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	3,045	1,490	1,555	2.8	2.8	2.8
Hindu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	450	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	385	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	515	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	335	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	360	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	1,255	620	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	525	260	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	485	215	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Brazilian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slovak	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	220	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	280	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	180	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	285	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norman	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	70	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	95	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,430	53,605	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	420	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	73,100	35,065	38,035	66.8	65.4	68.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,810	3,420	3,390	6.2	6.4	6.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baptist	615	275	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catholic	61,360	29,200	32,160	56.1	54.5	57.6
Christian Orthodox	1,915	970	940	1.7	1.8	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	435	195	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,325	660	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hindu	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	4,020	1,985	2,030	3.7	3.7	3.6
Sikh	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	240	85	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	31,370	16,120	15,250	28.7	30.1	27.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,545	53,100	55,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	97,035	47,610	49,430	89.4	89.7	89.2
Movers	11,505	5,500	6,010	10.6	10.4	10.8
Non-migrants	3,565	1,720	1,845	3.3	3.2	3.3
Migrants	7,940	3,775	4,165	7.3	7.1	7.5
Internal migrants	7,645	3,650	3,995	7.0	6.9	7.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,425	3,555	3,865	6.8	6.7	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	290	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,195	50,890	53,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,735	30,805	31,925	60.2	60.5	59.9
Movers	41,465	20,080	21,380	39.8	39.5	40.1
Non-migrants	7,795	3,785	4,015	7.5	7.4	7.5
Migrants	33,670	16,300	17,365	32.3	32.0	32.6
Internal migrants	32,240	15,645	16,595	30.9	30.7	31.1
Intraprovincial migrants	31,740	15,395	16,350	30.5	30.3	30.7
Interprovincial migrants	500	245	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	1,425	655	770	1.4	1.3	1.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,640	8,375	7,265	17.4	19.2	15.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,230	35,265	38,960	82.6	80.8	84.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,010	28,850	30,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,585	3,920	2,670	11.2	13.6	8.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,420	24,930	27,490	88.8	86.4	91.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,860	7,140	6,720	15.4	16.4	14.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,175	9,785	10,390	22.4	22.4	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,840	26,725	29,115	62.1	61.2	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,025	17,425	17,600	39.0	39.9	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,690	8,245	5,445	15.2	18.9	11.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,665	4,995	4,670	10.8	11.4	10.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,020	3,245	775	4.5	7.4	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,325	7,620	9,705	19.3	17.5	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,015	1,560	2,455	4.5	3.6	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,810	9,290	11,520	23.2	21.3	24.9
Bachelor's degree	13,930	6,060	7,870	15.5	13.9	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,990	850	1,140	2.2	1.9	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	715	285	425	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	3,690	1,795	1,895	4.1	4.1	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	300	185	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,010	28,850	30,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,320	3,085	2,230	9.0	10.7	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,845	5,020	4,830	16.7	17.4	16.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,840	20,735	23,105	74.3	71.9	76.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,345	13,185	13,165	44.6	45.7	43.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,870	6,465	4,405	18.4	22.4	14.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,605	3,850	3,755	12.9	13.3	12.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,265	2,610	650	5.5	9.0	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,375	5,510	6,875	21.0	19.1	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,100	1,215	1,880	5.3	4.2	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,500	7,555	9,945	29.7	26.2	33.0
Bachelor's degree	11,660	5,000	6,660	19.8	17.3	22.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,670	645	1,025	2.8	2.2	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	610	220	390	1.0	0.8	1.3
Master's degree	3,175	1,475	1,695	5.4	5.1	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	210	170	0.7	0.7	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,035	16,925	17,105	37.9	38.8	37.0
Education	4,185	830	3,355	4.7	1.9	7.3
13. Education	4,185	830	3,355	4.7	1.9	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,895	825	1,070	2.1	1.9	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	200	75	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,625	630	995	1.8	1.4	2.2
Humanities	2,810	1,010	1,805	3.1	2.3	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	65	270	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	145	20	130	0.2	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,710	695	1,015	1.9	1.6	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	195	115	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	50	250	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,140	1,590	3,550	5.7	3.6	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	685	205	475	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	60	955	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	980	405	575	1.1	0.9	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	40	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	860	200	660	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,395	655	740	1.6	1.5	1.6
Business, management and public administration	14,540	5,810	8,735	16.2	13.3	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	70	500	0.6	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,955	5,730	8,230	15.5	13.1	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,220	1,125	1,100	2.5	2.6	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	265	440	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	385	220	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	195	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
40. Physical sciences	560	385	175	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,270	1,665	605	2.5	3.8	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,910	1,490	415	2.1	3.4	0.9
25. Library science	135	20	115	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,140	9,975	1,160	12.4	22.9	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	475	260	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,285	1,830	450	2.5	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,220	1,940	285	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,785	2,705	80	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,290	2,225	65	2.5	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,080	1,015	65	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	710	345	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	205	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	140	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,545	1,235	5,310	7.3	2.8	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,930	940	4,985	6.6	2.2	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,375	2,315	2,060	4.9	5.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,915	400	1,515	2.1	0.9	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,325	950	375	1.5	2.2	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,110	945	165	1.2	2.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,015	28,850	30,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,170	8,110	7,060	25.7	28.1	23.4
Education	3,095	535	2,555	5.2	1.9	8.5
13. Education	3,095	535	2,555	5.2	1.9	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,525	655	865	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	170	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,285	485	800	2.2	1.7	2.7
Humanities	1,725	655	1,065	2.9	2.3	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260	50	210	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	130	15	115	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	435	485	1.6	1.5	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	40	185	0.4	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,075	1,160	2,920	6.9	4.0	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	555	155	400	0.9	0.5	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	40	875	1.6	0.1	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	725	275	455	1.2	1.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	650	115	535	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,095	525	570	1.9	1.8	1.9
Business, management and public administration	11,670	4,500	7,165	19.8	15.6	23.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	55	405	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,205	4,445	6,765	19.0	15.4	22.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,330	670	655	2.3	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	215	365	1.0	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	420	290	130	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,890	1,375	520	3.2	4.8	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,645	1,280	370	2.8	4.4	1.2
25. Library science	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,075	8,035	1,035	15.4	27.9	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	400	220	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	2,055	1,635	415	3.5	5.7	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,760	1,500	255	3.0	5.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,220	2,140	80	3.8	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,855	1,790	55	3.1	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	790	740	50	1.3	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605	305	300	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	180	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	130	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	5,255	950	4,310	8.9	3.3	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	165	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,725	710	4,015	8.0	2.5	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	75	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,595	1,890	1,700	6.1	6.6	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,545	310	1,235	2.6	1.1	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,105	805	305	1.9	2.8	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	920	765	160	1.6	2.7	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,015	28,850	30,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,170	8,110	7,060	25.7	28.1	23.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,845	20,740	23,105	74.3	71.9	76.6
Location of study inside Canada	40,060	18,855	21,205	67.9	65.4	70.3
Same as province or territory of residence	39,330	18,430	20,895	66.6	63.9	69.3
Different than province or territory of residence	730	425	310	1.2	1.5	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,780	1,885	1,895	6.4	6.5	6.3
Americas	965	490	475	1.6	1.7	1.6
United States of America	210	150	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexico	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	230	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,350	740	605	2.3	2.6	2.0
Belgium	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	625	390	240	1.1	1.4	0.8
Germany	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	120	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	860	410	450	1.5	1.4	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	220	100	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Morocco	255	135	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tunisia	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	600	235	365	1.0	0.8	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,870	43,645	46,230	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,505	31,745	30,765	...	...	...
Employed	58,560	29,780	28,785	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,940	1,960	1,980	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,365	11,905	15,460	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.6	72.7	66.5	69.6	72.7	66.5
Employment rate	65.2	68.2	62.3	65.2	68.2	62.3
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,870	43,645	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,545	11,380	15,165	29.5	26.1	32.8
Worked	63,325	32,270	31,055	70.5	73.9	67.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,915	18,270	15,645	37.7	41.9	33.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,410	14,000	15,415	32.7	32.1	33.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.5	41.2	41.9	42.5	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,500	31,740	30,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	950	490	450	1.5	1.5	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,555	31,245	30,310	98.5	98.4	98.5
Employee	53,015	26,050	26,970	84.8	82.1	87.7
Permanent position	45,305	22,630	22,680	72.5	71.3	73.7
Temporary position	7,705	3,420	4,285	12.3	10.8	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,440	955	1,480	3.9	3.0	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,270	2,465	2,805	8.4	7.8	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,540	5,195	3,345	13.7	16.4	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,500	31,740	30,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	950	490	450	1.5	1.5	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,555	31,245	30,310	98.5	98.4	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,865	1,475	400	3.0	4.6	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,495	3,680	7,810	18.4	11.6	25.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,000	3,825	1,175	8.0	12.1	3.8
3 Health occupations	5,210	1,015	4,195	8.3	3.2	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,825	2,210	5,615	12.5	7.0	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,920	900	1,020	3.1	2.8	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	15,765	7,390	8,370	25.2	23.3	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,430	8,625	800	15.1	27.2	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	485	360	125	0.8	1.1	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,555	1,765	790	4.1	5.6	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,500	31,740	30,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	950	490	450	1.5	1.5	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	61,555	31,245	30,310	98.5	98.4	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	135	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	575	395	180	0.9	1.2	0.6
23 Construction	5,235	4,395	845	8.4	13.8	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	6,800	4,590	2,210	10.9	14.5	7.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,670	1,745	930	4.3	5.5	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	8,460	4,105	4,355	13.5	12.9	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,900	2,135	765	4.6	6.7	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,135	690	445	1.8	2.2	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,485	1,085	1,400	4.0	3.4	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,125	600	520	1.8	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,145	2,750	2,395	8.2	8.7	7.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,295	1,425	875	3.7	4.5	2.8
61 Educational services	4,720	1,215	3,500	7.6	3.8	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,360	1,460	6,895	13.4	4.6	22.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	515	475	1.6	1.6	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,795	1,240	1,560	4.5	3.9	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,200	975	1,230	3.5	3.1	4.0
91 Public administration	3,255	1,670	1,590	5.2	5.3	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,720	33,890	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,090	1,245	855	3.1	3.7	2.6
French	43,540	21,080	22,455	65.3	62.2	68.4
Non-official language	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	20,240	11,120	9,125	30.3	32.8	27.8
English and non-official language(s)	120	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	485	260	220	0.7	0.8	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,720	33,890	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,215	31,945	31,270	94.7	94.3	95.2
Official languages	63,065	31,865	31,200	94.5	94.0	95.0
English	5,530	3,200	2,330	8.3	9.4	7.1
French	57,530	28,665	28,870	86.2	84.6	87.9
Non-official languages	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,505	1,940	1,560	5.3	5.7	4.8
English and French	3,370	1,840	1,535	5.1	5.4	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,720	33,890	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,075	24,235	24,840	73.6	71.5	75.7
English	13,700	7,465	6,230	20.5	22.0	19.0
French	3,325	1,890	1,435	5.0	5.6	4.4
Non-official language	245	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,565	29,775	28,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,455	6,135	6,315	21.3	20.6	21.9
Worked outside Canada	80	70	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,580	4,950	1,630	11.2	16.6	5.7
Usual place of work	39,450	18,630	20,820	67.4	62.6	72.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,450	18,630	20,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,600	3,220	4,385	19.3	17.3	21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,830	2,860	3,970	17.3	15.4	19.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	24,915	12,490	12,430	63.2	67.0	59.7
Commute to a different province or territory	100	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,030	23,575	22,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,585	21,655	19,930	90.3	91.9	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,615	20,880	18,740	86.1	88.6	83.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,970	775	1,190	4.3	3.3	5.3
Public transit	2,055	805	1,255	4.5	3.4	5.6
Walked	1,320	510	810	2.9	2.2	3.6
Bicycle	385	290	100	0.8	1.2	0.4
Other method	685	320	365	1.5	1.4	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,030	23,575	22,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,845	4,740	6,105	23.6	20.1	27.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,830	8,255	8,580	36.6	35.0	38.2
30 to 44 minutes	10,460	6,040	4,420	22.7	25.6	19.7
45 to 59 minutes	4,145	2,375	1,765	9.0	10.1	7.9
60 minutes and over	3,745	2,165	1,580	8.1	9.2	7.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,030	23,575	22,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,625	3,665	965	10.0	15.5	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,600	5,295	3,305	18.7	22.5	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,990	5,210	6,780	26.0	22.1	30.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,680	3,495	5,180	18.9	14.8	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,125	2,090	3,035	11.1	8.9	13.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,005	3,825	3,185	15.2	16.2	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,675	12,555	12,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,655	1,890	1,765	14.8	15.1	14.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,020	10,665	10,355	85.2	84.9	85.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,980	9,615	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,875	1,500	1,380	15.1	15.6	14.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,965	1,045	925	10.4	10.9	9.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	910	455	450	4.8	4.7	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,105	8,120	7,985	84.9	84.5	85.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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