Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thérèse-De BlainvilleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	106,013	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,840	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,868	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,761	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,418.9	...	...	1,418.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	74.72	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,010	51,570	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,055	9,190	8,865	17.0	17.8	16.3
0 to 4 years	4,875	2,515	2,360	4.6	4.9	4.3
5 to 9 years	6,110	3,090	3,020	5.8	6.0	5.5
10 to 14 years	7,070	3,590	3,480	6.7	7.0	6.4
15 to 64 years	68,830	33,900	34,935	64.9	65.7	64.2
15 to 19 years	6,895	3,530	3,370	6.5	6.8	6.2
20 to 24 years	5,970	3,020	2,950	5.6	5.9	5.4
25 to 29 years	5,780	2,885	2,890	5.5	5.6	5.3
30 to 34 years	5,695	2,795	2,900	5.4	5.4	5.3
35 to 39 years	6,215	2,995	3,220	5.9	5.8	5.9
40 to 44 years	7,085	3,390	3,700	6.7	6.6	6.8
45 to 49 years	7,725	3,740	3,980	7.3	7.3	7.3
50 to 54 years	7,885	3,865	4,025	7.4	7.5	7.4
55 to 59 years	8,300	4,100	4,200	7.8	8.0	7.7
60 to 64 years	7,275	3,585	3,700	6.9	7.0	6.8
65 years and over	19,125	8,475	10,650	18.0	16.4	19.6
65 to 69 years	5,760	2,670	3,090	5.4	5.2	5.7
70 to 74 years	4,930	2,250	2,685	4.7	4.4	4.9
75 to 79 years	3,830	1,745	2,080	3.6	3.4	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,350	1,005	1,345	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	2,255	805	1,450	2.1	1.6	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,540	580	970	1.5	1.1	1.8
90 to 94 years	555	195	365	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	145	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.3	17.0	17.8	16.3
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.7	64.2	64.9	65.7	64.2
65 years and over	18.0	16.4	19.6	18.0	16.4	19.6
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.7	2.1	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	41.8	40.8	42.7	41.8	40.8	42.7
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,145	...	...	54.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,010	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	875	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,600	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,875	...	...	30.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,120	...	...	2.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,975	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	14,855	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	6,340	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	6,465	...	...	15.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,125	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,400	50,610	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,955	42,375	45,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,250	25,555	25,690	58.3	60.3	56.4
Married	29,065	14,490	14,575	33.0	34.2	32.0
Living common-law	22,185	11,070	11,115	25.2	26.1	24.4
Living common law - Never married	17,415	8,605	8,810	19.8	20.3	19.3
Living common law - Separated	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,105	2,145	1,960	4.7	5.1	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	440	195	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	36,710	16,815	19,890	41.7	39.7	43.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,405	13,215	12,190	28.9	31.2	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,080	480	605	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,955	2,200	3,760	6.8	5.2	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,265	925	3,335	4.8	2.2	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,005	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	6,200	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	6,380	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,540	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,140	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	14,075	...	...	46.7	...	...
With children⁶	7,215	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	6,860	...	...	22.8	...	...
Common-law couples	11,065	...	...	36.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,860	...	...	19.5	...	...
Without children	5,205	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,985	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,670	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,315	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,400	50,615	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,530	43,335	44,200	84.7	85.6	83.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,280	25,105	25,175	48.6	49.6	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,985	1,310	3,670	4.8	2.6	7.0
Children⁶	32,265	16,915	15,350	31.2	33.4	29.1
In a two-parent family	24,685	12,865	11,820	23.9	25.4	22.4
In a one-parent family	7,585	4,055	3,535	7.3	8.0	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,870	7,280	8,590	15.3	14.4	16.3
Living alone	11,975	5,285	6,690	11.6	10.4	12.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,760	730	1,035	1.7	1.4	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,135	1,265	870	2.1	2.5	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,990	...	...	65.5	...	...
Couple-family households	23,615	...	...	55.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,280	...	...	28.7	...	...
Without children	11,340	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,375	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	790	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	800	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,090	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	11,970	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,360	41,425	43,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,060	40,355	42,705	97.3	97.4	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,800	40,800	46,000	52,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,105	40,380	42,725	97.4	97.5	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	40,000	44,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,435	38,300	39,130	90.7	92.5	89.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	31,400	38,400	46,800	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,430	32,840	31,590	75.5	79.3	71.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,400	40,400	48,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,805	29,445	36,360	77.1	71.1	82.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,100	11,100	10,100	9,100	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,410	4,665	4,745	11.0	11.3	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,930	13,380	12,555	30.4	32.3	28.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,000	8,000	6,900	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,360	41,445	43,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,105	40,350	42,755	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,550	69,600	50,040	59,550	69,600	50,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,150	40,380	42,770	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,160	53,300	41,400	47,160	53,300	41,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,655	38,355	39,305	91.0	92.5	89.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,800	65,000	42,960	53,800	65,000	42,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,435	32,725	31,705	75.5	79.0	72.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,150	62,250	43,720	53,150	62,250	43,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,910	29,540	36,375	77.2	71.3	82.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,680	10,770	12,420	11,680	10,770	12,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,255	4,645	4,610	10.8	11.2	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,010	7,840	6,920	6,010	7,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,200	13,440	12,760	30.7	32.4	29.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,420	8,290	7,850	7,420	8,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,360	41,440	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,185	16,700	14,485	36.5	40.3	33.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	73,500	58,400	66,000	73,500	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	90,700	66,200	79,300	90,700	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,620	12,550	14,070	31.2	30.3	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,000	17,200	19,400	23,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,640	36,920	26,960	31,640	36,920	26,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	88.6	78.8	84.4	88.6	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	72.6	64.8	69.2	72.6	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	11.3	21.1	15.6	11.3	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.8	4.7	3.9	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.6	5.0	4.2	3.6	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,355	41,430	43,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,300	1,075	1,225	2.7	2.6	2.8
With total income	83,060	40,350	42,710	97.3	97.4	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,720	2,495	3,230	6.9	6.2	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,440	3,225	5,215	10.2	8.0	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,650	4,770	6,885	14.0	11.8	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,735	4,110	5,625	11.7	10.2	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,845	4,460	5,380	11.9	11.1	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,425	3,935	4,495	10.1	9.8	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,445	3,345	3,100	7.8	8.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,045	2,795	2,245	6.1	6.9	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,400	2,355	2,045	5.3	5.8	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	1,820	1,305	3.8	4.5	3.1
$100,000 and over	10,225	7,035	3,190	12.3	17.4	7.5
$100,000 to $149,999	6,505	4,305	2,200	7.8	10.7	5.2
$150,000 and over	3,720	2,730	990	4.5	6.8	2.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,355	41,430	43,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,250	1,045	1,205	2.6	2.5	2.7
With after-tax income	83,110	40,385	42,720	97.4	97.5	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,245	2,665	3,580	7.5	6.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,000	3,480	5,525	10.8	8.6	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,715	5,655	8,060	16.5	14.0	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	12,570	5,590	6,980	15.1	13.8	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,890	5,705	6,190	14.3	14.1	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,970	4,715	4,260	10.8	11.7	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,675	3,610	3,065	8.0	8.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,615	2,575	2,040	5.6	6.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	1,830	1,050	3.5	4.5	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,810	1,175	635	2.2	2.9	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,725	3,395	1,335	5.7	8.4	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,290	1,570	720	2.8	3.9	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,440	1,820	620	2.9	4.5	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,355	41,430	43,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,925	8,590	12,340	24.5	20.7	28.1
With employment income	64,435	32,840	31,595	75.5	79.3	71.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,135	4,150	3,985	12.6	12.6	12.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,005	2,170	2,830	7.8	6.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,485	3,195	4,290	11.6	9.7	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,800	2,435	3,360	9.0	7.4	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,425	2,375	3,045	8.4	7.2	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,665	2,615	3,050	8.8	8.0	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,190	2,580	2,615	8.1	7.9	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,265	2,320	1,945	6.6	7.1	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,640	2,035	1,605	5.6	6.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,470	1,845	1,625	5.4	5.6	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,270	1,405	860	3.5	4.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,085	5,705	2,385	12.5	17.4	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,530	2,380	1,150	5.5	7.2	3.6
$125,000 and over	4,560	3,325	1,235	7.1	10.1	3.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,360	41,425	43,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,260	39,385	41,870	95.2	95.1	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	38,400	44,400	52,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,305	39,395	41,905	95.2	95.1	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,000	37,620	38,380	89.0	90.8	87.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,200	33,200	40,400	49,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,215	32,670	31,545	75.2	78.9	71.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,000	36,000	41,600	50,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,010	24,710	33,310	68.0	59.6	75.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	4,440	7,600	6,320	4,440	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,205	4,130	4,065	9.6	10.0	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,160	5,120	4,600	4,160	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,360	41,445	43,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,155	39,360	41,795	95.1	95.0	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	69,000	46,840	57,600	69,000	46,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,205	39,375	41,830	95.1	95.0	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	52,550	38,560	45,360	52,550	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,075	37,690	38,385	89.1	90.9	87.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,750	66,900	42,800	54,750	66,900	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,070	32,640	31,430	75.1	78.8	71.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,950	63,350	44,200	53,950	63,350	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,105	24,655	33,455	68.1	59.5	76.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,760	7,880	9,410	8,760	7,880	9,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,150	4,105	4,045	9.5	9.9	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	5,200	8,540	6,860	5,200	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,360	41,440	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,995	16,585	14,410	36.3	40.0	32.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	72,000	54,400	63,200	72,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,800	87,700	62,100	75,800	87,700	62,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,205	12,040	13,170	29.5	29.1	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,200	22,000	24,600	29,200	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,920	42,800	31,560	36,920	42,800	31,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.8	84.0	89.2	92.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	76.2	71.0	74.0	76.2	71.0
Government transfers (%)	10.9	7.2	16.1	10.9	7.2	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8	1.2	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,700	...	...	115,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,750	...	...	53,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	139,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,490	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,120	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,450	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,730	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,550	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,190	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,970	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,725	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,670	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,120	...	...	44.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,250	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,860	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,875	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,130	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,660	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,470	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,545	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,945	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,030	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,025	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,690	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,510	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,280	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,060	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,560	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,255	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,580	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,730	...	...	13.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,105	6,550	7,555	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	47,600	40,000	42,800	47,600	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,400	35,600	37,600	40,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,600	...	...	140,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	181,400	...	...	181,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,400	...	...	140,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,090	6,525	7,565	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	57,350	46,640	51,600	57,350	46,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,720	45,880	40,000	42,720	45,880	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,400	50,615	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,205	11,315	10,885	21.5	22.4	20.6
0 to 5 years	5,995	3,100	2,895	5.8	6.1	5.5
18 to 64 years	64,515	31,660	32,860	62.4	62.6	62.2
65 years and over	16,680	7,640	9,040	16.1	15.1	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,000	2,960	4,040	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,370	685	685	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	370	185	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,490	1,595	1,895	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,140	680	1,455	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	5.8	7.7	6.8	5.8	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.0	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.0	5.8	5.4	5.0	5.8
65 years and over (%)	12.8	8.9	16.1	12.8	8.9	16.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,400	50,615	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,205	11,315	10,890	21.5	22.4	20.6
0 to 5 years	5,995	3,100	2,900	5.8	6.1	5.5
18 to 64 years	64,520	31,660	32,865	62.4	62.6	62.3
65 years and over	16,675	7,640	9,035	16.1	15.1	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,605	1,645	1,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	685	345	345	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	90	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,250	1,105	1,150	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	200	465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
65 years and over (%)	4.0	2.6	5.1	4.0	2.6	5.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,400	50,615	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,550	21,290	24,260	44.1	42.1	46.0
In bottom decile	5,885	2,585	3,295	5.7	5.1	6.2
In second decile	7,850	3,475	4,370	7.6	6.9	8.3
In third decile	9,670	4,495	5,180	9.4	8.9	9.8
In fourth decile	10,705	5,110	5,595	10.4	10.1	10.6
In fifth decile	11,440	5,630	5,815	11.1	11.1	11.0
In top half of the distribution	57,850	29,320	28,525	55.9	57.9	54.0
In sixth decile	11,590	5,870	5,720	11.2	11.6	10.8
In seventh decile	11,925	6,025	5,900	11.5	11.9	11.2
In eighth decile	11,765	5,935	5,830	11.4	11.7	11.0
In ninth decile	11,115	5,640	5,475	10.7	11.1	10.4
In top decile	11,455	5,850	5,610	11.1	11.6	10.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.323	...	...	0.323	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,410	51,030	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,450	785	670	1.4	1.5	1.3
French only	42,430	18,790	23,640	40.6	36.8	44.3
English and French	60,070	31,275	28,795	57.5	61.3	53.9
Neither English nor French	450	180	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,410	51,030	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,965	3,635	3,330	6.7	7.1	6.2
French	93,915	45,620	48,295	89.9	89.4	90.5
English and French	3,100	1,620	1,485	3.0	3.2	2.8
Neither English nor French	430	160	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,410	51,030	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,865	49,225	51,645	96.6	96.5	96.8
Official languages	90,960	44,365	46,595	87.1	86.9	87.3
English	4,340	2,300	2,040	4.2	4.5	3.8
French	86,625	42,065	44,555	83.0	82.4	83.5
Non-official languages	9,905	4,855	5,050	9.5	9.5	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,900	4,855	5,050	9.5	9.5	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,260	1,155	1,105	2.2	2.3	2.1
Berber languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,040	1,040	1,000	2.0	2.0	1.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,030	1,035	995	1.9	2.0	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	545	255	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	470	220	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,910	2,910	3,000	5.7	5.7	5.6
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	595	270	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	590	270	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	510	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,255	2,085	2,170	4.1	4.1	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	925	485	440	0.9	1.0	0.8
Portuguese	900	440	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	615	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,810	865	945	1.7	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	170	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	390	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	140	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,535	1,805	1,735	3.4	3.5	3.3
English and French	1,780	920	860	1.7	1.8	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	310	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,080	520	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,410	51,030	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,645	1,910	1,740	3.5	3.7	3.3
French	83,105	40,380	42,725	79.6	79.1	80.0
Non-official language	2,270	1,105	1,170	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,275	1,105	1,165	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	7,350	3,700	3,655	7.0	7.3	6.8
English and non-official language(s)	875	440	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	4,085	1,960	2,125	3.9	3.8	4.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,965	1,485	1,485	2.8	2.9	2.8
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,410	51,030	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,540	49,120	51,420	96.3	96.3	96.3
Official languages	96,135	46,985	49,155	92.1	92.1	92.1
English	5,950	3,075	2,880	5.7	6.0	5.4
French	90,185	43,910	46,275	86.4	86.0	86.7
Non-official languages	4,405	2,140	2,265	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,400	2,140	2,265	4.2	4.2	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	945	470	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	870	435	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	870	435	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,655	1,285	1,365	2.5	2.5	2.6
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,815	870	945	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	385	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,015	490	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,870	1,910	1,960	3.7	3.7	3.7
English and French	1,975	975	995	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,250	610	635	1.2	1.2	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,410	51,030	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,205	44,955	47,245	88.3	88.1	88.5
English	4,740	2,400	2,340	4.5	4.7	4.4
French	2,640	1,305	1,335	2.5	2.6	2.5
Non-official language	2,620	1,270	1,345	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,620	1,270	1,345	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	515	260	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,000	500	500	1.0	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,400	50,615	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,895	50,420	52,475	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	61,260	31,950	29,310	59.2	63.1	55.5
French	101,370	49,620	51,750	98.0	98.0	98.0
Non-official languages	18,325	8,860	9,460	17.7	17.5	17.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,325	8,860	9,460	17.7	17.5	17.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,815	1,945	1,865	3.7	3.8	3.5
Berber languages	275	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kabyle	245	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamazight	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,650	1,875	1,770	3.5	3.7	3.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,595	1,855	1,745	3.5	3.7	3.3
Aramaic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	355	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	180	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,505	695	820	1.5	1.4	1.6
Haitian Creole	1,450	650	800	1.4	1.3	1.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,490	5,615	5,875	11.1	11.1	11.1
Albanian	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	865	410	455	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	860	405	455	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	540	255	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	425	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	355	180	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	350	180	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	355	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	705	335	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	450	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	400	180	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	305	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,210	4,470	4,740	8.9	8.8	9.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,065	1,100	960	2.0	2.2	1.8
Portuguese	1,370	705	665	1.3	1.4	1.3
Romanian	780	355	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Spanish	5,615	2,605	3,015	5.4	5.1	5.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	455	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	590	245	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	590	245	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	470	195	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,405	50,610	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,300	595	700	1.3	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,185	540	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	730	325	405	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	435	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	102,100	50,015	52,085	98.7	98.8	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,405	50,610	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,125	50,460	52,655	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,835	...	...	69.8	...	...
Renter	12,925	...	...	30.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,980	...	...	16.3	...	...
Not condominium	35,785	...	...	83.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,330	...	...	10.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,425	...	...	29.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,250	...	...	33.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,680	...	...	27.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,705	...	...	29.7	...	...
5 rooms	6,310	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,170	...	...	9.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,735	...	...	11.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,840	...	...	34.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,500	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,750	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,010	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,325	...	...	7.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,545	...	...	24.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,790	...	...	15.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,405	...	...	17.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,730	...	...	11.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,155	...	...	9.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,875	...	...	6.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,935	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,990	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,770	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,330	...	...	49.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,490	...	...	47.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	945	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	745	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,335	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,315	...	...	17.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,225	...	...	21.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,375	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,460	...	...	15.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,605	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	700	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,235	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,450	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,030	...	...	14.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,795	...	...	20.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,115	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not suitable only	830	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,430	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,965	...	...	79.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,220	...	...	5.3	...	...
Not in core need	40,050	...	...	94.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.9	...	...	68.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,428	...	...	1,428	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	455,600	...	...	455,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.5	...	...	27.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,007	...	...	1,007	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,400	50,615	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,020	455	565	1.0	0.9	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,020	455	565	1.0	0.9	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	900	400	495	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis single ancestry	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,280	1,045	1,235	2.2	2.1	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,275	1,045	1,230	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,075	960	1,110	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,100	49,115	50,985	96.8	97.0	96.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,400	50,615	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,645	49,255	51,395	97.3	97.3	97.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,830	11,070	10,760	21.1	21.9	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,815	38,180	40,635	76.2	75.4	77.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,755	1,360	1,395	2.7	2.7	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,400	50,615	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,505	44,605	46,895	88.5	88.1	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	11,435	5,760	5,675	11.1	11.4	10.8
Before 1980	1,710	925	785	1.7	1.8	1.5
1980 to 1990	1,270	695	575	1.2	1.4	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,660	840	820	1.6	1.7	1.6
2001 to 2010	3,480	1,705	1,775	3.4	3.4	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,320	1,595	1,720	3.2	3.2	3.3
2011 to 2015	1,995	990	1,005	1.9	2.0	1.9
2016 to 2021	1,330	610	715	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	455	240	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,435	5,765	5,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,280	700	580	11.2	12.1	10.2
5 to 14 years	2,335	1,230	1,100	20.4	21.3	19.4
15 to 24 years	1,915	940	970	16.7	16.3	17.1
25 to 44 years	5,270	2,600	2,675	46.1	45.1	47.1
45 years and over	640	295	340	5.6	5.1	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,435	5,765	5,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,735	1,305	1,430	23.9	22.6	25.2
Brazil	125	65	60	1.1	1.1	1.1
Colombia	315	130	180	2.8	2.3	3.2
El Salvador	125	55	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	950	440	505	8.3	7.6	8.9
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	255	115	140	2.2	2.0	2.5
Peru	145	65	75	1.3	1.1	1.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	220	110	115	1.9	1.9	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	580	305	280	5.1	5.3	4.9
Europe	3,500	1,860	1,635	30.6	32.3	28.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,025	570	455	9.0	9.9	8.0
Germany	75	35	40	0.7	0.6	0.7
Greece	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hungary	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	385	230	150	3.4	4.0	2.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	100	45	55	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portugal	525	270	255	4.6	4.7	4.5
Romania	445	205	235	3.9	3.6	4.1
Russian Federation	110	55	60	1.0	1.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	145	70	70	1.3	1.2	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	535	300	235	4.7	5.2	4.1
Africa	2,705	1,365	1,340	23.7	23.7	23.6
Algeria	530	270	260	4.6	4.7	4.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	130	65	70	1.1	1.1	1.2
Egypt	300	165	140	2.6	2.9	2.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	915	455	460	8.0	7.9	8.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	810	395	410	7.1	6.9	7.2
Asia	2,485	1,220	1,265	21.7	21.2	22.3
Afghanistan	75	40	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	235	110	125	2.1	1.9	2.2
Iraq	55	25	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	560	340	220	4.9	5.9	3.9
Syria⁸⁹	300	125	175	2.6	2.2	3.1
Turkey	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
China⁹⁰	340	135	205	3.0	2.3	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	100	30	70	0.9	0.5	1.2
Viet Nam	175	80	95	1.5	1.4	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Pakistan	85	55	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	345	175	170	3.0	3.0	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,330	610	715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	335	135	195	25.2	22.1	27.3
Brazil	25	20	0	1.9	3.3	0.0
Colombia	85	35	50	6.4	5.7	7.0
Haiti	100	40	60	7.5	6.6	8.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	20	2.3	2.5	2.8
United States of America	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	35	4.1	4.1	4.9
Europe	265	155	105	19.9	25.4	14.7
France	155	90	65	11.7	14.8	9.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	20	15	2.3	3.3	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	40	20	4.5	6.6	2.8
Africa	190	85	100	14.3	13.9	14.0
Algeria	20	15	10	1.5	2.5	1.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	55	20	30	4.1	3.3	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	15	2.3	3.3	2.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	10	2.3	2.5	1.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	15	2.3	1.6	2.1
Asia	540	225	310	40.6	36.9	43.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	50	75	9.0	8.2	10.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	10	1.5	2.5	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	55	35	25	4.1	5.7	3.5
Iraq	25	15	15	1.9	2.5	2.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	1.9	1.6	2.1
Lebanon	60	25	35	4.5	4.1	4.9
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Philippines	25	10	20	1.9	1.6	2.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	135	40	95	10.2	6.6	13.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	25	15	2.6	4.1	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,405	50,610	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,685	6,330	6,355	12.3	12.5	12.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,185	5,565	5,615	10.8	11.0	10.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	79,525	38,710	40,815	76.9	76.5	77.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,725	4,840	4,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,535	2,975	2,560	56.9	61.5	52.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,355	1,540	815	24.2	31.8	16.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,180	1,430	1,750	32.7	29.5	35.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,535	1,030	1,510	26.1	21.3	30.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,525	780	745	15.7	16.1	15.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130	50	80	1.3	1.0	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,725	4,840	4,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	885	475	410	9.1	9.8	8.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	775	415	360	8.0	8.6	7.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245	180	65	2.5	3.7	1.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	350	200	150	3.6	4.1	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	45	35	0.9	0.9	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,385	3,520	3,865	75.9	72.7	79.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,405	50,610	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,595	5,525	6,065	11.2	10.9	11.5
South Asian	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	750	255	495	0.7	0.5	0.9
Black	3,755	1,850	1,905	3.6	3.7	3.6
Filipino	130	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	3,120	1,575	1,550	3.0	3.1	2.9
Latin American	1,790	860	930	1.7	1.7	1.8
Southeast Asian	725	360	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	390	160	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,810	45,085	46,725	88.8	89.1	88.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,400	50,615	52,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,575	16,135	17,435	32.5	31.9	33.0
English	1,620	830	790	1.6	1.6	1.5
Irish	5,080	2,395	2,680	4.9	4.7	5.1
Scottish	2,030	955	1,070	2.0	1.9	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,305	12,515	12,795	24.5	24.7	24.2
German	1,470	675	795	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	935	380	555	0.9	0.8	1.1
Italian	5,600	2,835	2,765	5.4	5.6	5.2
Indian (India)	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	505	250	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	210	135	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Polish	700	325	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Québécois	12,680	6,180	6,495	12.3	12.2	12.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	410	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Filipino	145	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	7,095	3,465	3,630	6.9	6.8	6.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,790	845	940	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,555	730	825	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	300	110	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,190	660	525	1.2	1.3	1.0
Russian	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,945	995	945	1.9	2.0	1.8
American	585	255	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,335	705	630	1.3	1.4	1.2
Swedish	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Acadian	900	370	530	0.9	0.7	1.0
Pakistani	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	430	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,150	560	590	1.1	1.1	1.1
Greek	795	450	345	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jamaican	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	655	300	350	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	1,065	570	495	1.0	1.1	0.9
Iranian	320	125	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	765	400	360	0.7	0.8	0.7
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	290	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	790	425	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	2,045	1,015	1,025	2.0	2.0	1.9
Hindu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	380	200	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	510	265	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	335	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	355	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	1,090	540	550	1.1	1.1	1.0
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	510	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	455	200	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Brazilian	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	355	190	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slovak	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	280	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Berber	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	210	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,400	50,610	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	400	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	68,905	33,000	35,905	66.6	65.2	68.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,360	3,225	3,140	6.2	6.4	5.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baptist	390	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	58,360	27,720	30,645	56.4	54.8	58.1
Christian Orthodox	1,805	900	900	1.7	1.8	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	245	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	365	160	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,010	495	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hindu	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,675	1,800	1,870	3.6	3.6	3.5
Sikh	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	210	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	29,935	15,405	14,530	29.0	30.4	27.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,560	50,145	52,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,345	44,780	46,570	89.1	89.3	88.8
Movers	11,215	5,365	5,845	10.9	10.7	11.2
Non-migrants	3,480	1,695	1,785	3.4	3.4	3.4
Migrants	7,735	3,670	4,065	7.5	7.3	7.8
Internal migrants	7,445	3,550	3,900	7.3	7.1	7.4
Intraprovincial migrants	7,240	3,460	3,785	7.1	6.9	7.2
Interprovincial migrants	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	290	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,550	48,115	50,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,930	28,975	29,950	59.8	60.2	59.4
Movers	39,620	19,140	20,480	40.2	39.8	40.6
Non-migrants	7,465	3,610	3,855	7.6	7.5	7.6
Migrants	32,155	15,530	16,625	32.6	32.3	33.0
Internal migrants	30,765	14,890	15,880	31.2	30.9	31.5
Intraprovincial migrants	30,275	14,640	15,635	30.7	30.4	31.0
Interprovincial migrants	495	245	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	1,385	640	745	1.4	1.3	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,360	41,445	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,800	7,875	6,925	17.3	19.0	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,560	33,565	36,995	82.7	81.0	84.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,815	27,300	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,245	3,700	2,545	11.2	13.6	8.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,570	23,605	25,965	88.8	86.5	91.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,360	41,440	43,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,085	6,700	6,390	15.3	16.2	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,145	9,265	9,880	22.4	22.4	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,130	25,480	27,645	62.2	61.5	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,105	16,475	16,630	38.8	39.8	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,840	7,725	5,115	15.0	18.6	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,110	4,705	4,405	10.7	11.4	10.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,730	3,025	710	4.4	7.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,480	7,295	9,185	19.3	17.6	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,785	1,460	2,325	4.4	3.5	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,025	9,005	11,020	23.5	21.7	25.1
Bachelor's degree	13,395	5,885	7,515	15.7	14.2	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,865	790	1,075	2.2	1.9	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	685	280	405	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	3,600	1,755	1,850	4.2	4.2	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	480	300	180	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,815	27,305	28,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,010	2,895	2,115	9.0	10.6	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,310	4,735	4,575	16.7	17.3	16.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,490	19,675	21,815	74.3	72.1	76.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,730	12,380	12,350	44.3	45.3	43.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,120	6,025	4,095	18.1	22.1	14.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,125	3,615	3,510	12.8	13.2	12.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,995	2,410	585	5.4	8.8	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,715	5,235	6,480	21.0	19.2	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,895	1,125	1,775	5.2	4.1	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,760	7,295	9,465	30.0	26.7	33.2
Bachelor's degree	11,155	4,840	6,320	20.0	17.7	22.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,560	600	955	2.8	2.2	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580	210	370	1.0	0.8	1.3
Master's degree	3,085	1,435	1,655	5.5	5.3	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	215	170	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,360	41,440	43,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,225	15,960	16,270	37.8	38.5	37.0
Education	4,005	800	3,200	4.7	1.9	7.3
13. Education	4,005	800	3,200	4.7	1.9	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,830	795	1,035	2.1	1.9	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	180	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,590	615	970	1.9	1.5	2.2
Humanities	2,710	970	1,740	3.2	2.3	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	60	260	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	135	15	125	0.2	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,650	675	975	1.9	1.6	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	190	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	295	55	240	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,895	1,525	3,365	5.7	3.7	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655	195	460	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	60	885	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	955	395	555	1.1	1.0	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	835	190	640	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,325	630	700	1.6	1.5	1.6
Business, management and public administration	13,890	5,595	8,290	16.3	13.5	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	60	490	0.7	0.1	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,320	5,525	7,800	15.6	13.3	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,135	1,075	1,065	2.5	2.6	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	685	255	430	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	210	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	440	190	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
40. Physical sciences	535	370	170	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,195	1,605	590	2.6	3.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,840	1,435	400	2.2	3.5	0.9
25. Library science	135	20	115	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,540	9,400	1,140	12.3	22.7	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	465	250	215	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,185	1,740	445	2.6	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,130	1,855	275	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,635	2,555	80	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,145	2,090	60	2.5	5.0	0.1
48. Precision production	975	915	65	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	320	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	185	290	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,075	1,185	4,890	7.1	2.9	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	190	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,490	910	4,580	6.4	2.2	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,185	2,215	1,980	4.9	5.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,835	385	1,455	2.1	0.9	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,250	895	355	1.5	2.2	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,075	915	160	1.3	2.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,815	27,305	28,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,320	7,630	6,695	25.7	27.9	23.5
Education	2,935	520	2,410	5.3	1.9	8.5
13. Education	2,935	520	2,410	5.3	1.9	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,455	630	835	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	150	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,250	475	770	2.2	1.7	2.7
Humanities	1,655	630	1,030	3.0	2.3	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	50	205	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	115	10	105	0.2	0.0	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	890	425	465	1.6	1.6	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	40	175	0.4	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,870	1,115	2,755	6.9	4.1	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	535	150	385	1.0	0.5	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	840	40	800	1.5	0.1	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	695	265	435	1.2	1.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	630	115	510	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,055	510	540	1.9	1.9	1.9
Business, management and public administration	11,085	4,305	6,780	19.9	15.8	23.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	45	395	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,640	4,255	6,385	19.1	15.6	22.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,275	635	640	2.3	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	560	205	355	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	100	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	400	270	130	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,830	1,320	510	3.3	4.8	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,585	1,230	360	2.8	4.5	1.3
25. Library science	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,545	7,535	1,010	15.3	27.6	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	390	215	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	1,965	1,550	415	3.5	5.7	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,670	1,425	245	3.0	5.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,095	2,020	80	3.8	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,710	1,660	50	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	710	660	50	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	565	280	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	160	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	120	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,840	910	3,930	8.7	3.3	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	155	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,340	685	3,650	7.8	2.5	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,425	1,795	1,630	6.1	6.6	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,480	300	1,185	2.7	1.1	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,040	750	290	1.9	2.7	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	885	735	155	1.6	2.7	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,815	27,305	28,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,320	7,630	6,695	25.7	27.9	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,490	19,670	21,820	74.3	72.0	76.5
Location of study inside Canada	38,010	17,940	20,065	68.1	65.7	70.4
Same as province or territory of residence	37,305	17,530	19,770	66.8	64.2	69.3
Different than province or territory of residence	705	415	295	1.3	1.5	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,485	1,730	1,750	6.2	6.3	6.1
Americas	850	425	420	1.5	1.6	1.5
United States of America	205	150	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexico	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	140	65	70	0.3	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	115	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,280	700	575	2.3	2.6	2.0
Belgium	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	595	375	220	1.1	1.4	0.8
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	170	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	755	370	385	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Morocco	220	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tunisia	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	595	230	360	1.1	0.8	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	130	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,360	41,440	43,915	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,955	29,960	28,995	...	...	...
Employed	55,215	28,105	27,110	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,735	1,850	1,885	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,410	11,480	14,925	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.1	72.3	66.0	69.1	72.3	66.0
Employment rate	64.7	67.8	61.7	64.7	67.8	61.7
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.3	6.2	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,360	41,440	43,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,530	10,925	14,605	29.9	26.4	33.3
Worked	59,825	30,515	29,310	70.1	73.6	66.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,890	17,205	14,685	37.4	41.5	33.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,940	13,310	14,630	32.7	32.1	33.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.2	41.8	42.4	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,955	29,960	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	485	430	1.5	1.6	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,040	29,470	28,570	98.4	98.4	98.6
Employee	49,870	24,510	25,360	84.6	81.8	87.5
Permanent position	42,515	21,235	21,280	72.1	70.9	73.4
Temporary position	7,350	3,270	4,080	12.5	10.9	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,315	895	1,420	3.9	3.0	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,040	2,375	2,665	8.5	7.9	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,170	4,965	3,205	13.9	16.6	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,955	29,960	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	485	430	1.5	1.6	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,040	29,470	28,570	98.4	98.4	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,790	1,410	385	3.0	4.7	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,930	3,520	7,405	18.5	11.7	25.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,810	3,660	1,145	8.2	12.2	3.9
3 Health occupations	4,795	950	3,845	8.1	3.2	13.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,380	2,115	5,260	12.5	7.1	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,855	865	985	3.1	2.9	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	14,840	6,920	7,920	25.2	23.1	27.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,810	8,050	760	14.9	26.9	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470	350	115	0.8	1.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,375	1,635	735	4.0	5.5	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,955	29,960	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	485	430	1.5	1.6	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	58,040	29,470	28,570	98.4	98.4	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	205	125	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	560	385	175	0.9	1.3	0.6
23 Construction	4,945	4,145	805	8.4	13.8	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	6,475	4,355	2,115	11.0	14.5	7.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,560	1,655	910	4.3	5.5	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	7,935	3,815	4,115	13.5	12.7	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,680	1,965	715	4.5	6.6	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,095	665	430	1.9	2.2	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,355	1,030	1,325	4.0	3.4	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,070	570	500	1.8	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,975	2,660	2,315	8.4	8.9	8.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,150	1,335	820	3.6	4.5	2.8
61 Educational services	4,455	1,175	3,285	7.6	3.9	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,700	1,355	6,340	13.1	4.5	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	945	485	460	1.6	1.6	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,615	1,155	1,460	4.4	3.9	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,105	940	1,170	3.6	3.1	4.0
91 Public administration	3,040	1,545	1,500	5.2	5.2	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,065	32,050	31,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,990	1,170	820	3.2	3.7	2.6
French	41,030	19,905	21,125	65.1	62.1	68.1
Non-official language	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	19,245	10,555	8,695	30.5	32.9	28.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	465	250	220	0.7	0.8	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,065	32,050	31,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,715	30,210	29,510	94.7	94.3	95.1
Official languages	59,580	30,130	29,440	94.5	94.0	94.9
English	5,270	3,025	2,245	8.4	9.4	7.2
French	54,310	27,110	27,200	86.1	84.6	87.7
Non-official languages	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,345	1,840	1,505	5.3	5.7	4.9
English and French	3,225	1,745	1,480	5.1	5.4	4.8
English and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,065	32,050	31,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,310	22,880	23,425	73.4	71.4	75.5
English	13,000	7,100	5,900	20.6	22.2	19.0
French	3,175	1,785	1,390	5.0	5.6	4.5
Non-official language	230	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,215	28,105	27,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,935	5,870	6,060	21.6	20.9	22.4
Worked outside Canada	85	65	10	0.2	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,190	4,640	1,550	11.2	16.5	5.7
Usual place of work	37,010	17,525	19,490	67.0	62.4	71.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,015	17,525	19,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,250	3,055	4,195	19.6	17.4	21.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,795	2,845	3,950	18.4	16.2	20.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	22,870	11,570	11,300	61.8	66.0	58.0
Commute to a different province or territory	100	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,205	22,170	21,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,040	20,345	18,705	90.4	91.8	88.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,205	19,620	17,585	86.1	88.5	83.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,845	720	1,115	4.3	3.2	5.3
Public transit	1,895	760	1,130	4.4	3.4	5.4
Walked	1,250	480	770	2.9	2.2	3.7
Bicycle	370	270	95	0.9	1.2	0.5
Other method	645	310	335	1.5	1.4	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,205	22,170	21,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,455	4,585	5,870	24.2	20.7	27.9
15 to 29 minutes	15,835	7,775	8,055	36.7	35.1	38.3
30 to 44 minutes	9,635	5,600	4,035	22.3	25.3	19.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,790	2,170	1,625	8.8	9.8	7.7
60 minutes and over	3,485	2,030	1,455	8.1	9.2	6.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,205	22,170	21,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,305	3,410	895	10.0	15.4	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,980	4,995	2,990	18.5	22.5	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,360	4,955	6,405	26.3	22.4	30.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,210	3,300	4,915	19.0	14.9	23.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,840	1,985	2,860	11.2	9.0	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,505	3,525	2,980	15.1	15.9	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,685	11,565	11,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,385	1,755	1,630	14.9	15.2	14.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,300	9,810	9,490	85.1	84.8	85.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,430	8,835	8,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,670	1,400	1,270	15.3	15.8	14.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,845	980	870	10.6	11.1	10.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	830	420	405	4.8	4.8	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,755	7,435	7,315	84.7	84.2	85.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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