Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	TerrebonneMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,795	56,225	57,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,170	11,410	10,760	19.5	20.3	18.7
0 to 4 years	5,955	3,070	2,880	5.2	5.5	5.0
5 to 9 years	7,660	3,945	3,715	6.7	7.0	6.5
10 to 14 years	8,565	4,395	4,170	7.5	7.8	7.2
15 to 64 years	73,535	36,460	37,070	64.6	64.8	64.4
15 to 19 years	7,165	3,680	3,485	6.3	6.5	6.1
20 to 24 years	5,860	3,045	2,810	5.1	5.4	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,830	2,910	2,915	5.1	5.2	5.1
30 to 34 years	6,380	3,075	3,310	5.6	5.5	5.7
35 to 39 years	7,305	3,505	3,795	6.4	6.2	6.6
40 to 44 years	8,690	4,130	4,560	7.6	7.3	7.9
45 to 49 years	8,305	4,105	4,195	7.3	7.3	7.3
50 to 54 years	7,820	3,960	3,855	6.9	7.0	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,445	4,215	4,225	7.4	7.5	7.3
60 to 64 years	7,740	3,825	3,915	6.8	6.8	6.8
65 years and over	18,090	8,350	9,740	15.9	14.9	16.9
65 to 69 years	6,125	2,935	3,195	5.4	5.2	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,910	2,285	2,630	4.3	4.1	4.6
75 to 79 years	3,565	1,700	1,865	3.1	3.0	3.2
80 to 84 years	1,875	835	1,040	1.6	1.5	1.8
85 years and over	1,615	600	1,015	1.4	1.1	1.8
85 to 89 years	1,120	450	675	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	395	130	265	0.3	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.5	20.3	18.7	19.5	20.3	18.7
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.8	64.4	64.6	64.8	64.4
65 years and over	15.9	14.9	16.9	15.9	14.9	16.9
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Average age of the population	40.1	39.4	40.8	40.1	39.4	40.8
Median age of the population	41.2	40.8	42.0	41.2	40.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,445	...	...	61.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,825	...	...	6.5	...	...
Row house	860	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,120	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,420	...	...	21.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,190	...	...	2.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,315	...	...	23.8	...	...
2 persons	14,780	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 persons	6,985	...	...	16.1	...	...
4 persons	7,055	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,155	...	...	9.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,900	55,535	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,625	44,815	46,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,495	27,705	27,790	60.6	61.8	59.4
Married	30,950	15,465	15,485	33.8	34.5	33.1
Living common-law	24,550	12,240	12,310	26.8	27.3	26.3
Living common law - Never married	19,850	9,835	10,015	21.7	21.9	21.4
Living common law - Separated	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,960	2,045	1,915	4.3	4.6	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	465	215	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	36,125	17,105	19,015	39.4	38.2	40.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,710	13,615	12,095	28.1	30.4	25.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,205	530	680	1.3	1.2	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,210	1,955	3,255	5.7	4.4	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,000	1,015	2,985	4.4	2.3	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,370	...	...	47.3	...	...
3 persons	6,920	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	6,910	...	...	21.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,290	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,150	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	14,930	...	...	46.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,825	...	...	24.1	...	...
Without children	7,105	...	...	21.9	...	...
Common-law couples	12,220	...	...	37.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,920	...	...	21.3	...	...
Without children	5,300	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,335	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,805	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,530	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,900	55,535	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,705	48,270	48,440	86.4	86.9	85.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,300	27,110	27,195	48.5	48.8	48.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,335	1,530	3,805	4.8	2.8	6.8
Children⁶	37,070	19,635	17,435	33.1	35.4	30.9
In a two-parent family	28,595	15,050	13,540	25.6	27.1	24.0
In a one-parent family	8,480	4,580	3,895	7.6	8.2	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,195	7,265	7,930	13.6	13.1	14.1
Living alone	10,315	4,875	5,430	9.2	8.8	9.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,500	1,030	1,470	2.2	1.9	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,385	1,355	1,025	2.1	2.4	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,335	...	...	67.7	...	...
Couple-family households	25,010	...	...	57.8	...	...
With children⁶	13,530	...	...	31.2	...	...
Without children	11,475	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,330	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,135	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,225	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,105	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	10,315	...	...	23.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,735	44,125	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,935	42,775	44,165	96.9	96.9	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,200	40,400	45,600	51,200	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,980	42,800	44,180	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,600	36,000	40,000	43,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,865	40,215	39,650	89.0	91.1	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	31,400	38,400	46,000	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,720	34,715	33,010	75.5	78.7	72.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800	40,800	47,600	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,800	32,565	38,235	78.9	73.8	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,100	11,500	10,400	9,100	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,675	6,100	5,575	13.0	13.8	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,485	14,445	13,040	30.6	32.7	28.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,760	42,675	44,085	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,750	60,700	47,000	53,750	60,700	47,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,830	42,710	44,115	96.8	96.8	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	48,240	39,760	43,960	48,240	39,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,625	40,140	39,485	88.7	91.0	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	55,550	39,560	47,640	55,550	39,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,720	34,620	33,100	75.5	78.5	72.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,440	55,200	41,400	48,440	55,200	41,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,650	32,520	38,125	78.7	73.7	83.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,310	11,080	13,360	12,310	11,080	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,660	6,105	5,560	13.0	13.8	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	6,185	7,780	6,950	6,185	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,650	14,565	13,085	30.8	33.0	28.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,820	7,420	8,270	7,820	7,420	8,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,105	18,110	15,995	38.0	41.0	35.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	68,500	54,800	61,600	68,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,500	77,200	60,750	69,500	77,200	60,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,850	12,980	13,870	29.9	29.4	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,000	17,800	20,800	26,000	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,360	35,440	25,640	30,360	35,440	25,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	86.0	75.4	81.4	86.0	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.4	73.8	66.0	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	13.9	24.6	18.6	13.9	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.6	6.2	5.3	4.6	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.2	5.2	4.6	4.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,735	44,125	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,800	1,355	1,450	3.1	3.1	3.2
With total income	86,935	42,775	44,165	96.9	96.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,540	2,365	3,175	6.4	5.5	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,695	3,270	5,420	10.0	7.6	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,595	5,295	7,300	14.5	12.4	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,545	4,675	5,870	12.1	10.9	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,805	5,130	5,680	12.4	12.0	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,600	4,680	4,920	11.0	10.9	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,335	3,955	3,390	8.4	9.2	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,925	3,435	2,495	6.8	8.0	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,690	2,735	1,955	5.4	6.4	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,255	1,885	1,365	3.7	4.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,955	5,355	2,595	9.1	12.5	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	5,955	3,875	2,080	6.8	9.1	4.7
$150,000 and over	1,995	1,480	515	2.3	3.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,735	44,125	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,755	1,325	1,430	3.1	3.0	3.1
With after-tax income	86,980	42,800	44,180	96.9	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,940	2,470	3,470	6.8	5.8	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,295	3,560	5,730	10.7	8.3	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,775	6,330	8,445	17.0	14.8	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,760	6,465	7,290	15.8	15.1	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,380	6,720	6,660	15.4	15.7	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,305	5,600	4,705	11.8	13.1	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,490	4,220	3,270	8.6	9.9	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,835	2,695	2,145	5.6	6.3	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,725	1,685	1,040	3.1	3.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,660	1,030	630	1.9	2.4	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,825	2,025	805	3.3	4.7	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,680	1,170	510	1.9	2.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,145	855	295	1.3	2.0	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,735	44,125	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,015	9,410	12,605	24.5	21.3	27.6
With employment income	67,720	34,715	33,010	75.5	78.7	72.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,755	3,905	3,855	11.5	11.2	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,860	2,050	2,810	7.2	5.9	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,765	3,255	4,515	11.5	9.4	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,350	2,725	3,620	9.4	7.9	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,505	2,930	3,575	9.6	8.4	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,845	3,270	3,570	10.1	9.4	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,050	3,125	2,920	8.9	9.0	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,025	2,870	2,155	7.4	8.3	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,320	2,675	1,645	6.4	7.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,725	2,150	1,575	5.5	6.2	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360	1,460	895	3.5	4.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	6,175	4,295	1,880	9.1	12.4	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,250	2,170	1,085	4.8	6.3	3.3
$125,000 and over	2,925	2,130	795	4.3	6.1	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,735	44,125	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,990	41,760	43,235	94.7	94.6	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,400	37,600	43,600	50,400	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,040	41,760	43,275	94.8	94.6	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,600	38,000	42,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,335	39,480	38,860	87.3	89.5	85.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	32,400	39,600	47,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,210	34,405	32,805	74.9	78.0	71.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	35,200	41,600	49,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,475	27,560	34,915	69.6	62.5	76.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	4,760	8,600	7,150	4,760	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,475	5,580	4,895	11.7	12.6	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,280	5,160	4,640	4,280	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,905	41,605	43,295	94.6	94.3	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	58,900	43,600	51,080	58,900	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,950	41,615	43,335	94.7	94.3	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,640	46,560	36,880	41,640	46,560	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,160	39,375	38,785	87.1	89.2	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	56,650	39,280	48,040	56,650	39,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,095	34,230	32,860	74.8	77.6	72.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,720	56,300	40,840	48,720	56,300	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,435	27,535	34,900	69.6	62.4	76.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,350	7,990	10,430	9,350	7,990	10,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,600	5,720	4,880	11.8	13.0	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,300	8,460	6,750	5,300	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,925	18,055	15,870	37.8	40.9	34.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	66,500	51,200	58,000	66,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	73,700	56,200	65,500	73,700	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,190	12,130	13,065	28.1	27.5	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	34,000	21,600	26,400	34,000	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	42,000	29,240	35,360	42,000	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.0	80.8	86.6	91.0	80.8
Employment income (%)	75.4	78.6	71.2	75.4	78.6	71.2
Government transfers (%)	13.5	9.0	19.3	13.5	9.0	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...	125,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,400	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,035	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,355	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,445	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,010	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,925	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,855	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,915	...	...	46.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,085	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,705	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,480	...	...	12.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,650	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,530	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,250	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,790	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,845	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,890	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,790	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,695	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,540	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,455	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,180	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,930	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,330	...	...	14.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,030	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,570	...	...	10.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,695	6,235	6,460	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	48,000	38,400	42,800	48,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,800	34,400	37,600	40,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,800	...	...	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,725	6,165	6,555	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,760	54,850	45,000	49,760	54,850	45,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,320	44,720	38,160	41,320	44,720	38,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,900	55,535	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,650	13,700	12,950	23.8	24.7	23.0
0 to 5 years	7,350	3,810	3,540	6.6	6.9	6.3
18 to 64 years	68,915	34,090	34,825	61.6	61.4	61.8
65 years and over	16,335	7,740	8,595	14.6	13.9	15.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,690	2,925	3,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,365	680	685	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	355	175	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,185	1,510	1,680	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,140	740	1,395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.3	6.7	6.0	5.3	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	4.9	5.3	5.1	4.9	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.6	5.1	4.8	4.6	5.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.4	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.8
65 years and over (%)	13.1	9.6	16.3	13.1	9.6	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,900	55,535	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,650	13,700	12,950	23.8	24.7	23.0
0 to 5 years	7,350	3,810	3,540	6.6	6.9	6.3
18 to 64 years	68,915	34,090	34,825	61.6	61.4	61.8
65 years and over	16,335	7,740	8,595	14.6	13.9	15.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,185	1,460	1,725	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	615	285	325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	75	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,955	970	985	...	...	...
65 years and over	615	200	410	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.6	3.1	2.8	2.6	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8
65 years and over (%)	3.8	2.6	4.8	3.8	2.6	4.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,900	55,540	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,435	25,220	27,210	46.9	45.4	48.3
In bottom decile	5,485	2,435	3,050	4.9	4.4	5.4
In second decile	8,605	3,940	4,665	7.7	7.1	8.3
In third decile	11,385	5,475	5,910	10.2	9.9	10.5
In fourth decile	12,685	6,225	6,465	11.3	11.2	11.5
In fifth decile	14,265	7,140	7,125	12.7	12.9	12.6
In top half of the distribution	59,470	30,315	29,150	53.1	54.6	51.7
In sixth decile	14,295	7,205	7,090	12.8	13.0	12.6
In seventh decile	14,235	7,205	7,025	12.7	13.0	12.5
In eighth decile	13,155	6,770	6,385	11.8	12.2	11.3
In ninth decile	11,115	5,695	5,420	9.9	10.3	9.6
In top decile	6,670	3,440	3,230	6.0	6.2	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,895	...	...	111,895	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.232	...	...	0.232	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,315	55,675	56,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	730	370	355	0.6	0.7	0.6
French only	60,345	28,255	32,095	53.7	50.7	56.7
English and French	50,860	26,915	23,945	45.3	48.3	42.3
Neither English nor French	385	135	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,315	55,675	56,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,545	2,315	2,235	4.0	4.2	3.9
French	104,825	51,855	52,975	93.3	93.1	93.5
English and French	2,585	1,385	1,200	2.3	2.5	2.1
Neither English nor French	360	120	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,315	55,675	56,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,560	53,795	54,765	96.7	96.6	96.7
Official languages	97,495	48,350	49,140	86.8	86.8	86.8
English	2,885	1,495	1,390	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	94,605	46,860	47,750	84.2	84.2	84.3
Non-official languages	11,070	5,445	5,625	9.9	9.8	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,065	5,445	5,620	9.9	9.8	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,215	1,150	1,060	2.0	2.1	1.9
Berber languages	595	300	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	550	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamazight	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,605	850	760	1.4	1.5	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,605	850	755	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,585	1,190	1,395	2.3	2.1	2.5
Haitian Creole	2,155	990	1,160	1.9	1.8	2.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,235	2,620	2,615	4.7	4.7	4.6
Albanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	330	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,615	2,315	2,305	4.1	4.2	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,170	630	540	1.0	1.1	1.0
Portuguese	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	465	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	2,535	1,220	1,310	2.3	2.2	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,760	1,880	1,875	3.3	3.4	3.3
English and French	1,305	665	640	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,785	870	915	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,315	55,675	56,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,315	1,180	1,135	2.1	2.1	2.0
French	91,985	45,605	46,380	81.9	81.9	81.9
Non-official language	2,085	995	1,090	1.9	1.8	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,080	990	1,090	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	5,485	2,810	2,670	4.9	5.0	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	430	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,365	3,625	6.2	6.0	6.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,975	1,475	1,500	2.6	2.6	2.6
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,315	55,675	56,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,145	53,655	54,490	96.3	96.4	96.2
Official languages	103,660	51,485	52,175	92.3	92.5	92.1
English	3,785	1,905	1,885	3.4	3.4	3.3
French	99,875	49,585	50,290	88.9	89.1	88.8
Non-official languages	4,485	2,170	2,315	4.0	3.9	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,480	2,165	2,310	4.0	3.9	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	785	395	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	545	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	545	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	840	360	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haitian Creole	705	290	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,335	1,155	1,180	2.1	2.1	2.1
Albanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,070	1,030	1,040	1.8	1.9	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,515	735	780	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,170	2,020	2,155	3.7	3.6	3.8
English and French	1,620	795	825	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,035	980	1,050	1.8	1.8	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,315	55,675	56,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,755	49,405	50,355	88.8	88.7	88.9
English	3,700	1,940	1,755	3.3	3.5	3.1
French	2,665	1,285	1,385	2.4	2.3	2.4
Non-official language	3,995	1,940	2,060	3.6	3.5	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,995	1,940	2,060	3.6	3.5	3.6
English and French	410	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,160	585	575	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,015	55,570	56,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,650	55,420	56,225	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	51,520	27,270	24,245	46.0	49.1	43.0
French	110,970	55,035	55,945	99.1	99.0	99.1
Non-official languages	20,765	10,090	10,675	18.5	18.2	18.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,760	10,090	10,675	18.5	18.2	18.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,600	1,875	1,725	3.2	3.4	3.1
Berber languages	1,010	505	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kabyle	855	430	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tamazight	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,130	1,635	1,495	2.8	2.9	2.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,090	1,620	1,470	2.8	2.9	2.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	6,240	2,930	3,310	5.6	5.3	5.9
Haitian Creole	5,810	2,710	3,100	5.2	4.9	5.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	810	390	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,445	4,620	4,825	8.4	8.3	8.5
Albanian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	610	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	610	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	420	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	305	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,425	4,080	4,345	7.5	7.3	7.7
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,445	1,300	1,145	2.2	2.3	2.0
Portuguese	640	355	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	540	275	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	5,305	2,440	2,870	4.7	4.4	5.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	845	405	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,015	55,570	56,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,520	695	825	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,430	655	780	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	870	385	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	560	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,495	54,875	55,615	98.6	98.7	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,015	55,570	56,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	290	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,725	55,435	56,290	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,655	...	...	75.4	...	...
Renter	10,630	...	...	24.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,050	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not condominium	37,230	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,285	...	...	9.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,595	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,625	...	...	36.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,710	...	...	27.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,315	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,030	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	5,365	...	...	12.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,455	...	...	14.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,120	...	...	32.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,985	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,995	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,290	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,210	...	...	5.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,450	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,110	...	...	21.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,750	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,895	...	...	11.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,385	...	...	10.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,010	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,475	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,445	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,840	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,950	...	...	46.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,220	...	...	51.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,115	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	590	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,330	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,705	...	...	20.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,415	...	...	21.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,345	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,345	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,905	...	...	6.7	...	...
85 years and over	655	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,330	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,880	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,525	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,600	...	...	19.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,560	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,155	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,475	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,690	...	...	80.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,980	...	...	4.6	...	...
Not in core need	40,875	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.2	...	...	73.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	378,000	...	...	378,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,015	55,570	56,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,525	730	795	1.4	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,495	730	765	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,340	650	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis single ancestry	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,265	1,055	1,210	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,250	1,055	1,200	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,000	935	1,070	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,230	53,785	54,445	96.6	96.8	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,015	55,570	56,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,155	54,150	55,010	97.4	97.4	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,435	13,570	12,860	23.6	24.4	22.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,720	40,575	42,145	73.8	73.0	74.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,860	1,420	1,435	2.6	2.6	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,015	55,570	56,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	98,010	48,600	49,410	87.5	87.5	87.5
Immigrants⁸¹	13,530	6,695	6,830	12.1	12.0	12.1
Before 1980	1,390	740	650	1.2	1.3	1.2
1980 to 1990	1,300	670	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
1991 to 2000	2,425	1,200	1,230	2.2	2.2	2.2
2001 to 2010	4,575	2,230	2,345	4.1	4.0	4.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,835	1,850	1,985	3.4	3.3	3.5
2011 to 2015	2,695	1,325	1,375	2.4	2.4	2.4
2016 to 2021	1,135	525	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	480	275	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,530	6,700	6,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,520	840	680	11.2	12.5	10.0
5 to 14 years	2,760	1,480	1,275	20.4	22.1	18.7
15 to 24 years	2,245	915	1,325	16.6	13.7	19.4
25 to 44 years	6,350	3,170	3,185	46.9	47.3	46.6
45 years and over	650	290	370	4.8	4.3	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,530	6,700	6,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,130	2,855	3,275	45.3	42.6	48.0
Brazil	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	255	105	150	1.9	1.6	2.2
El Salvador	255	115	140	1.9	1.7	2.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	4,090	1,870	2,220	30.2	27.9	32.5
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	165	60	105	1.2	0.9	1.5
Peru	335	170	165	2.5	2.5	2.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	275	150	125	2.0	2.2	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	685	350	340	5.1	5.2	5.0
Europe	2,295	1,240	1,055	17.0	18.5	15.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	655	370	280	4.8	5.5	4.1
Germany	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greece	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	465	265	200	3.4	4.0	2.9
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	210	110	100	1.6	1.6	1.5
Romania	235	115	125	1.7	1.7	1.8
Russian Federation	60	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	85	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	435	255	185	3.2	3.8	2.7
Africa	4,000	2,050	1,950	29.6	30.6	28.6
Algeria	1,345	675	675	9.9	10.1	9.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	270	110	165	2.0	1.6	2.4
Egypt	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	940	485	460	6.9	7.2	6.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,395	755	640	10.3	11.3	9.4
Asia	1,085	535	550	8.0	8.0	8.1
Afghanistan	65	30	30	0.5	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	140	85	60	1.0	1.3	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkey	150	80	65	1.1	1.2	1.0
China⁹⁰	135	60	75	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	60	10	50	0.4	0.1	0.7
Viet Nam	85	35	40	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	270	125	140	2.0	1.9	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,135	525	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	430	200	230	37.9	38.1	37.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	20	15	3.1	3.8	2.5
Haiti	280	140	140	24.7	26.7	23.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.5
United States of America	35	15	20	3.1	2.9	3.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25	4.0	3.8	4.1
Europe	155	70	90	13.7	13.3	14.8
France	90	50	45	7.9	9.5	7.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	1.8	0.0	3.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	1.8	0.0	2.5
Africa	445	205	240	39.2	39.0	39.3
Algeria	85	35	50	7.5	6.7	8.2
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	65	25	40	5.7	4.8	6.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	15	2.2	0.0	2.5
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	35	45	7.0	6.7	7.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	55	20	30	4.8	3.8	4.9
Other places of birth in Africa	125	65	60	11.0	12.4	9.8
Asia	95	40	55	8.4	7.6	9.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	1.8	0.0	3.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	1.3	1.9	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15	2.6	2.9	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,015	55,575	56,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,475	7,140	7,330	12.9	12.8	13.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,275	6,700	6,575	11.9	12.1	11.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,265	41,725	42,540	75.2	75.1	75.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,135	5,955	6,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,800	3,065	2,735	47.8	51.5	44.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,535	1,635	900	20.9	27.5	14.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,265	1,430	1,835	26.9	24.0	29.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,090	1,715	2,375	33.7	28.8	38.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,905	1,010	890	15.7	17.0	14.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	345	165	180	2.8	2.8	2.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,135	5,955	6,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,630	825	805	13.4	13.9	13.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	715	390	325	5.9	6.5	5.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	105	60	1.4	1.8	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	185	105	80	1.5	1.8	1.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	45	65	0.9	0.8	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,330	4,490	4,845	76.9	75.4	78.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,015	55,570	56,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,805	9,105	9,700	16.8	16.4	17.2
South Asian	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	375	115	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	11,640	5,630	6,005	10.4	10.1	10.6
Filipino	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	2,745	1,435	1,310	2.5	2.6	2.3
Latin American	2,435	1,155	1,285	2.2	2.1	2.3
Southeast Asian	620	265	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Asian	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	93,205	46,465	46,740	83.2	83.6	82.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,015	55,570	56,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,085	17,610	18,475	32.2	31.7	32.7
English	1,190	630	560	1.1	1.1	1.0
Irish	4,270	2,040	2,230	3.8	3.7	4.0
Scottish	1,400	710	690	1.2	1.3	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,265	10,790	10,470	19.0	19.4	18.6
German	1,035	500	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	435	155	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	6,315	3,265	3,060	5.6	5.9	5.4
Indian (India)	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	615	335	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Québécois	14,330	7,215	7,115	12.8	13.0	12.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	8,855	4,325	4,525	7.9	7.8	8.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,820	860	955	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,835	890	950	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	380	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	770	425	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Russian	205	60	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	1,155	645	510	1.0	1.2	0.9
American	485	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,030	490	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	980	440	535	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,780	915	870	1.6	1.6	1.5
Jewish	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,105	575	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Greek	285	180	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	430	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	395	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	955	480	475	0.9	0.9	0.8
Danish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	775	400	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	7,680	3,670	4,010	6.9	6.6	7.1
Hindu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	280	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	415	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	1,020	520	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Czech	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	995	500	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Brazilian	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	510	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
African Caribbean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	205	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	530	280	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Yoruba	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	775	385	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	205	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	340	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	585	275	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	170	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	125	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,015	55,570	56,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	320	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	77,170	37,460	39,715	68.9	67.4	70.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,030	3,495	3,530	6.3	6.3	6.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	960	465	490	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catholic	64,885	31,480	33,405	57.9	56.6	59.2
Christian Orthodox	785	420	360	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	275	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	770	360	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,120	980	1,140	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hindu	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	4,690	2,410	2,280	4.2	4.3	4.0
Sikh	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	29,270	15,270	13,990	26.1	27.5	24.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,925	55,030	55,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,435	49,415	50,020	89.6	89.8	89.5
Movers	11,490	5,615	5,870	10.4	10.2	10.5
Non-migrants	4,845	2,350	2,500	4.4	4.3	4.5
Migrants	6,640	3,270	3,370	6.0	5.9	6.0
Internal migrants	6,445	3,155	3,290	5.8	5.7	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	6,380	3,125	3,255	5.8	5.7	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,095	52,515	53,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,760	33,440	33,325	62.9	63.7	62.2
Movers	39,335	19,080	20,260	37.1	36.3	37.8
Non-migrants	11,565	5,560	6,005	10.9	10.6	11.2
Migrants	27,770	13,515	14,255	26.2	25.7	26.6
Internal migrants	26,690	12,995	13,700	25.2	24.7	25.6
Intraprovincial migrants	26,340	12,845	13,500	24.8	24.5	25.2
Interprovincial migrants	350	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,075	515	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,740	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,230	10,835	8,395	21.4	24.6	18.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,505	33,290	37,210	78.6	75.4	81.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,350	29,655	30,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,025	5,565	3,455	15.0	18.8	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,325	24,090	27,235	85.0	81.2	88.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,690	8,990	7,700	18.6	20.4	16.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,095	10,090	11,010	23.5	22.9	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,945	25,055	26,895	57.9	56.8	59.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,565	18,985	18,580	41.9	43.0	40.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,385	10,555	6,830	19.4	23.9	15.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,345	6,380	5,965	13.8	14.5	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,040	4,175	865	5.6	9.5	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,470	6,910	9,560	18.4	15.7	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,705	1,525	2,180	4.1	3.5	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,385	6,070	8,315	16.0	13.8	18.2
Bachelor's degree	10,070	4,255	5,820	11.2	9.6	12.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,515	610	910	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,260	960	1,295	2.5	2.2	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,350	29,655	30,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,105	4,215	2,890	11.8	14.2	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,150	5,555	5,600	18.5	18.7	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,090	19,890	22,205	69.7	67.1	72.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,530	14,785	14,745	48.9	49.9	48.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,010	8,220	5,790	23.2	27.7	18.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,000	4,955	5,050	16.6	16.7	16.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,010	3,265	745	6.6	11.0	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,515	5,365	7,145	20.7	18.1	23.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,010	1,200	1,800	5.0	4.0	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,560	5,105	7,460	20.8	17.2	24.3
Bachelor's degree	8,780	3,565	5,220	14.5	12.0	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,340	540	800	2.2	1.8	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	110	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,945	780	1,160	3.2	2.6	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,790	19,080	18,715	42.1	43.2	41.0
Education	3,900	840	3,055	4.3	1.9	6.7
13. Education	3,900	840	3,055	4.3	1.9	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	725	825	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	200	50	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,290	525	770	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,235	810	1,420	2.5	1.8	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	45	225	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,455	520	940	1.6	1.2	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,240	1,055	3,185	4.7	2.4	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	180	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	60	1,065	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	815	240	570	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	675	130	545	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,015	410	610	1.1	0.9	1.3
Business, management and public administration	12,460	4,445	8,010	13.9	10.1	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	625	130	490	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,820	4,320	7,500	13.2	9.8	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,515	755	760	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	140	305	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	385	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	325	240	95	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	105	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,990	1,515	475	2.2	3.4	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,815	1,445	375	2.0	3.3	0.8
25. Library science	100	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,865	10,940	925	13.2	24.8	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	350	225	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,420	1,250	170	1.6	2.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,235	1,910	325	2.5	4.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,550	3,435	115	4.0	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,535	2,455	80	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,770	1,665	100	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605	285	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	7,045	1,130	5,915	7.9	2.6	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,645	930	5,710	7.4	2.1	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,545	2,530	2,010	5.1	5.7	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,990	460	1,530	2.2	1.0	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,520	1,130	385	1.7	2.6	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,020	930	90	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,350	29,655	30,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,255	9,765	8,490	30.2	32.9	27.7
Education	3,095	625	2,465	5.1	2.1	8.0
13. Education	3,095	625	2,465	5.1	2.1	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,180	565	610	2.0	1.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	165	50	0.3	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	965	410	560	1.6	1.4	1.8
Humanities	1,430	575	855	2.4	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	220	40	180	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	905	385	525	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,555	835	2,720	5.9	2.8	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	155	250	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	985	30	950	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	700	210	490	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	520	75	445	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	850	350	500	1.4	1.2	1.6
Business, management and public administration	10,265	3,550	6,715	17.0	12.0	21.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	535	100	440	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,725	3,450	6,275	16.1	11.6	20.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	970	480	490	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	85	265	0.6	0.3	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	295	210	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,630	1,230	400	2.7	4.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,490	1,175	315	2.5	4.0	1.0
25. Library science	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,610	8,750	865	15.9	29.5	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	300	185	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,310	1,140	170	2.2	3.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,845	1,555	295	3.1	5.2	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,755	2,640	115	4.6	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,000	1,930	75	3.3	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,400	1,300	100	2.3	4.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	495	230	265	0.8	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	175	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,090	970	5,120	10.1	3.3	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,735	805	4,935	9.5	2.7	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,765	2,070	1,695	6.2	7.0	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,660	360	1,300	2.8	1.2	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,230	925	305	2.0	3.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	870	780	85	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,350	29,655	30,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,255	9,765	8,490	30.2	32.9	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,095	19,890	22,205	69.8	67.1	72.4
Location of study inside Canada	38,940	18,235	20,705	64.5	61.5	67.5
Same as province or territory of residence	38,560	18,040	20,515	63.9	60.8	66.8
Different than province or territory of residence	385	195	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,155	1,650	1,500	5.2	5.6	4.9
Americas	890	465	425	1.5	1.6	1.4
United States of America	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	395	250	150	0.7	0.8	0.5
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	110	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	860	495	365	1.4	1.7	1.2
Belgium	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	445	265	175	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	1,195	595	590	2.0	2.0	1.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	500	285	215	0.8	1.0	0.7
Morocco	305	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tunisia	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	260	110	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	210	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,735	44,135	45,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,330	31,780	30,545	...	...	...
Employed	58,625	29,855	28,770	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,700	1,925	1,780	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,410	12,350	15,055	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.5	72.0	67.0	69.5	72.0	67.0
Employment rate	65.3	67.6	63.1	65.3	67.6	63.1
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	5.8	5.9	6.1	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,735	44,130	45,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,220	12,125	15,095	30.3	27.5	33.1
Worked	62,520	32,005	30,510	69.7	72.5	66.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,600	18,455	16,150	38.6	41.8	35.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,920	13,550	14,365	31.1	30.7	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.0	42.2	42.6	43.0	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,325	31,775	30,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	455	560	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,310	31,320	29,990	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	54,555	27,325	27,230	87.5	86.0	89.1
Permanent position	47,455	24,105	23,350	76.1	75.9	76.4
Temporary position	7,100	3,215	3,885	11.4	10.1	12.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,330	930	1,400	3.7	2.9	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,770	2,285	2,485	7.7	7.2	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,755	3,995	2,760	10.8	12.6	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,325	31,775	30,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	455	560	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,310	31,320	29,990	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,245	955	290	2.0	3.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,135	3,470	7,665	17.9	10.9	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,895	3,040	850	6.2	9.6	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,650	990	4,660	9.1	3.1	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,985	2,185	5,800	12.8	6.9	19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,465	690	775	2.4	2.2	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	15,015	6,810	8,200	24.1	21.4	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,725	10,745	980	18.8	33.8	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	595	485	110	1.0	1.5	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,605	1,945	655	4.2	6.1	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,325	31,775	30,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	455	560	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	61,310	31,320	29,990	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	190	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	155	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	495	345	155	0.8	1.1	0.5
23 Construction	6,350	5,390	965	10.2	17.0	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	6,015	4,350	1,665	9.7	13.7	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,415	1,600	810	3.9	5.0	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	8,135	3,940	4,190	13.1	12.4	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,000	2,245	755	4.8	7.1	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,005	565	440	1.6	1.8	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,385	1,020	1,365	3.8	3.2	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	890	460	430	1.4	1.4	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,520	1,895	1,625	5.6	6.0	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,380	1,380	995	3.8	4.3	3.3
61 Educational services	4,555	1,140	3,415	7.3	3.6	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	9,690	1,680	8,010	15.5	5.3	26.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	815	455	360	1.3	1.4	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,845	1,310	1,535	4.6	4.1	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,625	1,230	1,390	4.2	3.9	4.5
91 Public administration	3,630	1,935	1,695	5.8	6.1	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,875	33,655	32,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,170	645	525	1.8	1.9	1.6
French	49,450	24,530	24,920	75.1	72.9	77.4
Non-official language	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	14,570	8,120	6,450	22.1	24.1	20.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	200	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	405	205	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,875	33,655	32,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,395	32,340	31,055	96.2	96.1	96.4
Official languages	63,265	32,265	31,005	96.0	95.9	96.2
English	3,355	1,880	1,475	5.1	5.6	4.6
French	59,910	30,385	29,525	90.9	90.3	91.6
Non-official languages	125	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,480	1,315	1,160	3.8	3.9	3.6
English and French	2,405	1,285	1,125	3.7	3.8	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,875	33,655	32,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,060	26,475	26,585	80.5	78.7	82.5
English	10,145	5,700	4,445	15.4	16.9	13.8
French	2,170	1,225	945	3.3	3.6	2.9
Non-official language	200	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	200	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,620	29,855	28,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,530	4,380	5,155	16.3	14.7	17.9
Worked outside Canada	70	70	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,870	6,100	1,775	13.4	20.4	6.2
Usual place of work	41,150	19,305	21,840	70.2	64.7	75.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,145	19,305	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,600	4,945	7,655	30.6	25.6	35.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,065	805	1,255	5.0	4.2	5.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	26,425	13,510	12,915	64.2	70.0	59.1
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,020	25,405	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	44,535	23,580	20,960	90.9	92.8	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,635	22,825	19,810	87.0	89.8	83.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,900	755	1,145	3.9	3.0	4.8
Public transit	2,340	915	1,425	4.8	3.6	6.0
Walked	1,270	465	805	2.6	1.8	3.4
Bicycle	205	170	40	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	675	280	390	1.4	1.1	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,020	25,405	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,910	3,545	5,365	18.2	14.0	22.7
15 to 29 minutes	16,130	7,975	8,155	32.9	31.4	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	13,445	7,790	5,650	27.4	30.7	23.9
45 to 59 minutes	5,645	3,270	2,370	11.5	12.9	10.0
60 minutes and over	4,895	2,825	2,070	10.0	11.1	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,020	25,405	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,460	5,095	1,360	13.2	20.1	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,055	5,750	4,305	20.5	22.6	18.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,680	4,915	6,765	23.8	19.3	28.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,810	2,920	4,885	15.9	11.5	20.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,520	1,685	2,835	9.2	6.6	12.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,495	5,035	3,455	17.3	19.8	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,115	13,945	13,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,495	1,790	1,705	12.9	12.8	12.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,615	12,155	11,465	87.1	87.2	87.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,665	10,600	10,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,735	1,395	1,340	13.2	13.2	13.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,775	875	905	8.6	8.3	9.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	960	520	440	4.6	4.9	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,930	9,210	8,720	86.8	86.9	86.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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