Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Terrebonne, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	119,944	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	111,575	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,056	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,247	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	780.1	...	...	780.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	153.76	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,945	59,255	60,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,810	12,230	11,575	19.9	20.6	19.1
0 to 4 years	6,355	3,265	3,085	5.3	5.5	5.1
5 to 9 years	8,220	4,230	3,990	6.9	7.1	6.6
10 to 14 years	9,235	4,740	4,495	7.7	8.0	7.4
15 to 64 years	77,535	38,425	39,110	64.6	64.8	64.4
15 to 19 years	7,645	3,915	3,735	6.4	6.6	6.2
20 to 24 years	6,165	3,205	2,965	5.1	5.4	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,075	3,030	3,040	5.1	5.1	5.0
30 to 34 years	6,725	3,220	3,510	5.6	5.4	5.8
35 to 39 years	7,750	3,710	4,040	6.5	6.3	6.7
40 to 44 years	9,355	4,460	4,900	7.8	7.5	8.1
45 to 49 years	8,825	4,360	4,465	7.4	7.4	7.4
50 to 54 years	8,230	4,185	4,045	6.9	7.1	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,800	4,415	4,385	7.3	7.5	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,965	3,940	4,030	6.6	6.6	6.6
65 years and over	18,600	8,590	10,000	15.5	14.5	16.5
65 to 69 years	6,315	3,030	3,285	5.3	5.1	5.4
70 to 74 years	5,075	2,360	2,715	4.2	4.0	4.5
75 to 79 years	3,655	1,740	1,915	3.0	2.9	3.2
80 to 84 years	1,915	850	1,065	1.6	1.4	1.8
85 years and over	1,630	610	1,020	1.4	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	1,135	455	680	0.9	0.8	1.1
90 to 94 years	400	130	270	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.9	20.6	19.1	19.9	20.6	19.1
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.8	64.4	64.6	64.8	64.4
65 years and over	15.5	14.5	16.5	15.5	14.5	16.5
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	39.8	39.1	40.5	39.8	39.1	40.5
Median age of the population	40.8	40.4	41.6	40.8	40.4	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,110	...	...	62.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,835	...	...	6.3	...	...
Row house	860	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,280	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,540	...	...	21.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,185	...	...	2.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,565	...	...	23.3	...	...
2 persons	15,305	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 persons	7,315	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	7,590	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,475	...	...	9.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,045	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,135	47,025	49,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,440	29,165	29,275	60.8	62.0	59.6
Married	32,680	16,325	16,355	34.0	34.7	33.3
Living common-law	25,760	12,840	12,915	26.8	27.3	26.3
Living common law - Never married	20,880	10,345	10,535	21.7	22.0	21.4
Living common law - Separated	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,115	2,125	1,990	4.3	4.5	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	480	220	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	37,695	17,855	19,840	39.2	38.0	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,965	14,255	12,705	28.0	30.3	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,265	555	705	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,370	2,005	3,365	5.6	4.3	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,100	1,040	3,060	4.3	2.2	6.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,935	...	...	46.6	...	...
3 persons	7,255	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	7,440	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,555	...	...	10.4	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,605	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	15,780	...	...	46.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,430	...	...	24.7	...	...
Without children	7,350	...	...	21.5	...	...
Common-law couples	12,825	...	...	37.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,330	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	5,495	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,580	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,975	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,605	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,045	58,565	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	102,380	51,070	51,315	86.7	87.2	86.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,210	28,555	28,655	48.5	48.8	48.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,580	1,600	3,980	4.7	2.7	6.7
Children⁶	39,590	20,910	18,680	33.5	35.7	31.4
In a two-parent family	30,700	16,125	14,575	26.0	27.5	24.5
In a one-parent family	8,895	4,785	4,105	7.5	8.2	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,665	7,495	8,170	13.3	12.8	13.7
Living alone	10,570	5,020	5,545	9.0	8.6	9.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,650	1,080	1,565	2.2	1.8	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,445	1,390	1,055	2.1	2.4	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,845	...	...	68.2	...	...
Couple-family households	26,320	...	...	58.2	...	...
With children⁶	14,445	...	...	31.9	...	...
Without children	11,870	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,520	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,220	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,285	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,140	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	10,570	...	...	23.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,250	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,255	44,895	46,360	96.8	96.9	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,600	40,800	45,600	51,600	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,295	44,925	46,375	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,000	36,400	40,000	44,000	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,925	42,250	41,680	89.0	91.2	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	31,600	38,400	46,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,395	36,575	34,820	75.8	78.9	72.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,600	35,200	41,200	47,600	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,305	34,115	40,190	78.8	73.6	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,000	11,500	10,300	9,000	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,260	6,400	5,855	13.0	13.8	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,560	5,520	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,960	15,225	13,730	30.7	32.9	28.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,250	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,090	44,800	46,295	96.6	96.7	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,800	60,650	47,200	53,800	60,650	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,160	44,835	46,325	96.7	96.8	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,240	39,920	44,000	48,240	39,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,760	42,200	41,555	88.9	91.1	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	55,500	39,720	47,680	55,500	39,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,395	36,480	34,915	75.8	78.7	72.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,480	55,200	41,480	48,480	55,200	41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,150	34,065	40,080	78.7	73.5	83.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,270	11,030	13,340	12,270	11,030	13,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,225	6,405	5,815	13.0	13.8	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,160	7,920	7,000	6,160	7,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,100	15,335	13,770	30.9	33.1	28.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,440	8,260	7,830	7,440	8,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,245	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,085	19,150	16,935	38.3	41.3	35.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,500	55,200	62,000	68,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,500	77,000	60,900	69,500	77,000	60,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,275	13,640	14,630	30.0	29.4	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,000	17,800	20,800	26,000	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,360	35,440	25,600	30,360	35,440	25,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	86.2	75.6	81.4	86.2	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	74.0	66.4	70.6	74.0	66.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	13.8	24.4	18.6	13.8	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.6	6.2	5.3	4.6	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.2	4.7	4.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,245	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,995	1,435	1,555	3.2	3.1	3.2
With total income	91,255	44,900	46,355	96.8	96.9	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,840	2,490	3,350	6.4	5.5	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,100	3,455	5,645	10.0	7.7	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,125	5,500	7,620	14.4	12.2	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,965	4,850	6,110	12.0	10.8	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,300	5,355	5,940	12.4	11.9	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,085	4,915	5,170	11.1	10.9	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,765	4,160	3,605	8.5	9.3	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	6,245	3,615	2,625	6.8	8.1	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,995	2,900	2,090	5.5	6.5	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,440	1,985	1,455	3.8	4.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	8,395	5,650	2,740	9.2	12.6	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,295	4,095	2,195	6.9	9.1	4.7
$150,000 and over	2,100	1,560	540	2.3	3.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,245	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,950	1,415	1,535	3.1	3.1	3.2
With after-tax income	91,300	44,920	46,375	96.9	96.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,240	2,595	3,650	6.8	5.8	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,730	3,755	5,970	10.7	8.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,400	6,580	8,815	16.9	14.6	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,330	6,735	7,595	15.7	15.0	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	14,010	7,040	6,970	15.3	15.7	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,900	5,000	11.9	13.1	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,960	4,470	3,490	8.7	10.0	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,135	2,860	2,275	5.6	6.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,790	1,100	3.2	4.0	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,745	1,075	670	1.9	2.4	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,970	2,130	840	3.3	4.7	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,770	1,240	535	1.9	2.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,200	890	310	1.3	2.0	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,245	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,850	9,755	13,095	24.2	21.1	27.3
With employment income	71,395	36,580	34,820	75.8	78.9	72.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,145	4,100	4,045	11.4	11.2	11.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,120	2,155	2,965	7.2	5.9	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,160	3,420	4,740	11.4	9.3	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,650	2,845	3,810	9.3	7.8	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,825	3,065	3,760	9.6	8.4	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,220	3,450	3,770	10.1	9.4	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,390	3,295	3,100	9.0	9.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,315	3,040	2,280	7.4	8.3	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585	2,850	1,735	6.4	7.8	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,970	2,275	1,690	5.6	6.2	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,540	945	3.5	4.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	6,535	4,550	1,990	9.2	12.4	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,465	2,310	1,155	4.9	6.3	3.3
$125,000 and over	3,065	2,235	835	4.3	6.1	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,250	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,175	43,810	45,365	94.6	94.6	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,400	38,000	43,600	50,400	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,225	43,820	45,415	94.7	94.6	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,285	41,460	40,825	87.3	89.5	85.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	32,800	39,600	47,600	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,815	36,240	34,575	75.1	78.2	72.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,600	35,200	41,600	49,600	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,500	28,825	36,675	69.5	62.2	76.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	4,640	8,500	7,050	4,640	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,030	5,875	5,155	11.7	12.7	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,280	5,240	4,640	4,280	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,250	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,115	43,660	45,455	94.6	94.2	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,160	58,900	43,760	51,160	58,900	43,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,155	43,665	45,495	94.6	94.2	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,720	46,600	37,000	41,720	46,600	37,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,180	41,380	40,800	87.2	89.3	85.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	56,600	39,400	48,040	56,600	39,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,730	36,060	34,665	75.0	77.8	72.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,760	56,300	40,880	48,760	56,300	40,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,445	28,785	36,660	69.4	62.1	76.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,330	7,940	10,420	9,330	7,940	10,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,170	6,015	5,150	11.9	13.0	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	5,315	8,560	6,810	5,315	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,245	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,885	19,080	16,805	38.1	41.2	35.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	66,000	51,200	58,000	66,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	73,600	56,200	65,500	73,600	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,555	12,765	13,790	28.2	27.5	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	34,000	21,800	26,600	34,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,320	42,000	29,160	35,320	42,000	29,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.2	80.8	86.6	91.2	80.8
Employment income (%)	75.6	79.0	71.2	75.6	79.0	71.2
Government transfers (%)	13.4	8.9	19.2	13.4	8.9	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,650	...	...	51,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,680	...	...	42,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,420	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,060	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,035	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,385	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,480	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,195	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,100	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,035	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,835	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,110	...	...	46.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,420	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,990	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,865	...	...	13.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,840	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,565	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,285	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,345	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,895	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,945	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,895	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,830	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,690	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,630	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,335	...	...	7.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,875	...	...	35.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,725	...	...	14.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,340	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,810	...	...	10.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,010	6,410	6,600	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,000	38,400	43,200	48,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,200	34,400	37,600	41,200	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,030	6,310	6,715	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,840	54,950	45,040	49,840	54,950	45,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	44,800	38,200	41,400	44,800	38,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,050	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,600	14,680	13,925	24.2	25.1	23.4
0 to 5 years	7,850	4,055	3,790	6.6	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	72,610	35,905	36,705	61.5	61.3	61.7
65 years and over	16,840	7,980	8,855	14.3	13.6	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,875	3,010	3,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,415	705	710	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	365	185	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,270	1,540	1,730	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,185	760	1,420	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.1	6.5	5.8	5.1	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	4.8	5.1	5.0	4.8	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.4	4.9	4.7	4.4	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.7
65 years and over (%)	13.0	9.5	16.1	13.0	9.5	16.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,045	58,565	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,605	14,675	13,925	24.2	25.1	23.4
0 to 5 years	7,855	4,060	3,795	6.7	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	72,605	35,905	36,700	61.5	61.3	61.7
65 years and over	16,840	7,985	8,860	14.3	13.6	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,245	1,500	1,750	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	630	300	330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	75	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,995	990	1,005	...	...	...
65 years and over	620	210	415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	3.7	2.6	4.7	3.7	2.6	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,050	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,895	26,405	28,490	46.5	45.1	47.9
In bottom decile	5,630	2,500	3,125	4.8	4.3	5.3
In second decile	8,905	4,070	4,830	7.5	6.9	8.1
In third decile	11,870	5,710	6,160	10.1	9.7	10.4
In fourth decile	13,380	6,555	6,825	11.3	11.2	11.5
In fifth decile	15,115	7,560	7,555	12.8	12.9	12.7
In top half of the distribution	63,150	32,155	30,990	53.5	54.9	52.1
In sixth decile	15,205	7,665	7,540	12.9	13.1	12.7
In seventh decile	15,240	7,710	7,530	12.9	13.2	12.7
In eighth decile	14,065	7,225	6,840	11.9	12.3	11.5
In ninth decile	11,710	6,000	5,710	9.9	10.2	9.6
In top decile	6,935	3,565	3,375	5.9	6.1	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,045	...	...	118,045	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.377	...	...	0.377	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.230	...	...	0.230	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,465	58,700	59,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	795	405	385	0.7	0.7	0.6
French only	63,440	29,710	33,725	53.6	50.6	56.4
English and French	53,805	28,435	25,370	45.4	48.4	42.5
Neither English nor French	430	145	280	0.4	0.2	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,465	58,700	59,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,875	2,485	2,390	4.1	4.2	4.0
French	110,420	54,610	55,805	93.2	93.0	93.4
English and French	2,775	1,475	1,295	2.3	2.5	2.2
Neither English nor French	400	130	270	0.3	0.2	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,465	58,700	59,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,445	56,695	57,750	96.6	96.6	96.6
Official languages	102,405	50,805	51,600	86.4	86.6	86.3
English	3,095	1,605	1,490	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	99,315	49,205	50,115	83.8	83.8	83.9
Non-official languages	12,040	5,890	6,145	10.2	10.0	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,035	5,890	6,145	10.2	10.0	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,450	1,275	1,175	2.1	2.2	2.0
Berber languages	660	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kabyle	610	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamazight	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,785	935	845	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,775	935	845	1.5	1.6	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,925	1,335	1,595	2.5	2.3	2.7
Haitian Creole	2,440	1,110	1,325	2.1	1.9	2.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	435	195	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,565	2,775	2,785	4.7	4.7	4.7
Albanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,860	2,430	2,435	4.1	4.1	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,215	655	560	1.0	1.1	0.9
Portuguese	485	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	2,655	1,275	1,375	2.2	2.2	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	180	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,020	2,005	2,015	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	1,395	705	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,910	935	975	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	370	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,465	58,700	59,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,475	1,265	1,220	2.1	2.2	2.0
French	96,550	47,865	48,685	81.5	81.5	81.5
Non-official language	2,240	1,055	1,185	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,235	1,055	1,185	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	5,855	3,010	2,835	4.9	5.1	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	465	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	7,610	3,650	3,960	6.4	6.2	6.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,205	1,585	1,620	2.7	2.7	2.7
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,465	58,700	59,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,995	56,550	57,450	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	109,170	54,220	54,955	92.2	92.4	92.0
English	4,055	2,035	2,025	3.4	3.5	3.4
French	105,115	52,185	52,925	88.7	88.9	88.6
Non-official languages	4,825	2,325	2,495	4.1	4.0	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,825	2,325	2,495	4.1	4.0	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	865	435	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	600	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	600	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	930	390	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
Haitian Creole	775	310	460	0.7	0.5	0.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,490	1,230	1,255	2.1	2.1	2.1
Albanian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,180	1,085	1,095	1.8	1.8	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	295	155	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	1,575	760	810	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,465	2,155	2,315	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	1,745	860	890	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,165	1,040	1,125	1.8	1.8	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	390	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,465	58,700	59,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,875	51,920	52,955	88.5	88.4	88.6
English	3,945	2,080	1,860	3.3	3.5	3.1
French	2,880	1,375	1,500	2.4	2.3	2.5
Non-official language	4,400	2,125	2,275	3.7	3.6	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,400	2,125	2,275	3.7	3.6	3.8
English and French	425	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,260	635	625	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,045	58,560	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	117,625	58,400	59,220	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	54,575	28,870	25,710	46.2	49.3	43.2
French	116,865	57,965	58,900	99.0	99.0	99.0
Non-official languages	22,520	10,965	11,555	19.1	18.7	19.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,520	10,960	11,555	19.1	18.7	19.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,920	2,040	1,880	3.3	3.5	3.2
Berber languages	1,075	540	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kabyle	925	460	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tamazight	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,425	1,790	1,640	2.9	3.1	2.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,390	1,775	1,615	2.9	3.0	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	340	145	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Merina	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	6,985	3,260	3,725	5.9	5.6	6.3
Haitian Creole	6,525	3,035	3,490	5.5	5.2	5.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	890	410	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,065	4,950	5,115	8.5	8.5	8.6
Albanian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	670	310	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	670	310	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	480	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	340	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,965	4,380	4,590	7.6	7.5	7.7
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,585	1,380	1,210	2.2	2.4	2.0
Portuguese	715	390	325	0.6	0.7	0.5
Romanian	615	320	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	5,565	2,585	2,985	4.7	4.4	5.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	895	435	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	125	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	100	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,045	58,560	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,560	710	850	1.3	1.2	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,475	670	800	1.2	1.1	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	900	400	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	575	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	116,485	57,850	58,630	98.7	98.8	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,045	58,560	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,755	58,425	59,330	99.8	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,435	...	...	76.1	...	...
Renter	10,810	...	...	23.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,225	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not condominium	39,025	...	...	86.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,370	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,955	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,340	...	...	36.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,520	...	...	27.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,565	...	...	25.6	...	...
5 rooms	6,250	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,585	...	...	12.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,790	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,060	...	...	33.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,925	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,900	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,345	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,255	...	...	5.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,625	...	...	21.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,235	...	...	20.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,005	...	...	15.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,515	...	...	12.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,875	...	...	10.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,160	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,585	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,310	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,940	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,640	...	...	45.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,450	...	...	51.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,160	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	615	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,535	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,240	...	...	20.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,975	...	...	22.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,705	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,545	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,975	...	...	6.6	...	...
85 years and over	660	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,085	...	...	86.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,085	...	...	13.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,715	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,925	...	...	19.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,735	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,210	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,545	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,320	...	...	80.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,005	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not in core need	42,800	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,415	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.8	...	...	73.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	378,800	...	...	378,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	991	...	...	991	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,045	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,555	755	805	1.3	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,520	750	775	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,375	675	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis single ancestry	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,375	1,105	1,265	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,365	1,105	1,255	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,095	975	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,120	56,705	57,415	96.7	96.8	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,045	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,005	57,050	57,950	97.4	97.4	97.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,255	14,525	13,730	23.9	24.8	23.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,745	42,530	44,215	73.5	72.6	74.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,050	1,510	1,535	2.6	2.6	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,045	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,705	50,970	51,735	87.0	87.0	87.0
Immigrants⁸¹	14,835	7,310	7,525	12.6	12.5	12.7
Before 1980	1,495	790	705	1.3	1.3	1.2
1980 to 1990	1,445	755	695	1.2	1.3	1.2
1991 to 2000	2,630	1,275	1,350	2.2	2.2	2.3
2001 to 2010	5,115	2,495	2,620	4.3	4.3	4.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,155	1,990	2,160	3.5	3.4	3.6
2011 to 2015	2,985	1,450	1,535	2.5	2.5	2.6
2016 to 2021	1,170	540	630	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	505	280	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,835	7,310	7,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,685	895	785	11.4	12.2	10.4
5 to 14 years	2,955	1,585	1,370	19.9	21.7	18.2
15 to 24 years	2,430	995	1,440	16.4	13.6	19.1
25 to 44 years	7,030	3,520	3,505	47.4	48.2	46.6
45 years and over	740	320	425	5.0	4.4	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,835	7,310	7,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,780	3,160	3,625	45.7	43.2	48.2
Brazil	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	270	115	155	1.8	1.6	2.1
El Salvador	260	115	145	1.8	1.6	1.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	4,645	2,120	2,525	31.3	29.0	33.6
Jamaica	15	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	175	60	115	1.2	0.8	1.5
Peru	360	185	175	2.4	2.5	2.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	305	165	140	2.1	2.3	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	715	365	350	4.8	5.0	4.7
Europe	2,480	1,335	1,145	16.7	18.3	15.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	690	395	295	4.7	5.4	3.9
Germany	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greece	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	480	280	205	3.2	3.8	2.7
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portugal	240	120	125	1.6	1.6	1.7
Romania	260	130	135	1.8	1.8	1.8
Russian Federation	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	95	35	60	0.6	0.5	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	490	280	205	3.3	3.8	2.7
Africa	4,370	2,235	2,140	29.5	30.6	28.5
Algeria	1,465	740	730	9.9	10.1	9.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	310	135	175	2.1	1.8	2.3
Egypt	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,060	535	525	7.1	7.3	7.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,485	800	685	10.0	10.9	9.1
Asia	1,175	575	605	7.9	7.9	8.0
Afghanistan	85	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	150	85	65	1.0	1.2	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	150	85	70	1.0	1.2	0.9
China⁹⁰	135	55	80	0.9	0.8	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	60	10	45	0.4	0.1	0.6
Viet Nam	85	40	45	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	295	140	155	2.0	1.9	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,170	540	630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	445	215	235	38.0	39.8	37.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	20	20	3.0	3.7	3.2
Haiti	300	150	150	25.6	27.8	23.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.4
United States of America	40	20	20	3.4	3.7	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	3.4	2.8	4.0
Europe	155	65	90	13.2	12.0	14.3
France	90	45	45	7.7	8.3	7.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	25	2.1	0.0	4.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	10	1.7	0.0	1.6
Africa	455	210	245	38.9	38.9	38.9
Algeria	85	35	50	7.3	6.5	7.9
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	60	25	40	5.1	4.6	6.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	15	2.1	1.9	2.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	40	40	6.8	7.4	6.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	55	25	30	4.7	4.6	4.8
Other places of birth in Africa	125	70	55	10.7	13.0	8.7
Asia	100	35	60	8.5	6.5	9.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	1.7	0.0	3.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	1.7	2.8	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20	3.0	2.8	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,045	58,560	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,840	7,780	8,060	13.4	13.3	13.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,335	7,275	7,060	12.1	12.4	11.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	87,870	43,505	44,365	74.4	74.3	74.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,340	6,520	6,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,490	3,415	3,075	48.7	52.4	45.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,835	1,815	1,020	21.3	27.8	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,660	1,600	2,060	27.4	24.5	30.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,450	1,865	2,585	33.4	28.6	37.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,035	1,065	970	15.3	16.3	14.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	360	175	190	2.7	2.7	2.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,340	6,520	6,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,700	865	840	12.7	13.3	12.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	805	445	355	6.0	6.8	5.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	110	60	1.3	1.7	0.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	205	110	90	1.5	1.7	1.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	60	70	1.0	0.9	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,330	4,930	5,400	77.4	75.6	79.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,045	58,560	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,670	10,005	10,670	17.5	17.1	17.9
South Asian	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	380	125	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	12,985	6,265	6,720	11.0	10.7	11.3
Filipino	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	2,995	1,565	1,430	2.5	2.7	2.4
Latin American	2,545	1,210	1,340	2.2	2.1	2.3
Southeast Asian	685	305	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Asian	310	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	97,375	48,560	48,815	82.5	82.9	82.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,050	58,565	59,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,675	18,395	19,280	31.9	31.4	32.4
English	1,290	695	595	1.1	1.2	1.0
Irish	4,490	2,155	2,340	3.8	3.7	3.9
Scottish	1,445	720	715	1.2	1.2	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,295	11,310	10,985	18.9	19.3	18.5
German	1,100	540	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	435	155	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	6,595	3,395	3,200	5.6	5.8	5.4
Indian (India)	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	405	215	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dutch	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	655	350	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Québécois	14,945	7,535	7,405	12.7	12.9	12.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,185	4,510	4,675	7.8	7.7	7.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,910	915	1,000	1.6	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,925	925	995	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	400	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	780	430	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian	245	75	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	1,235	685	545	1.0	1.2	0.9
American	510	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,110	530	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,075	485	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,925	980	950	1.6	1.7	1.6
Jewish	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,205	625	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
Greek	310	195	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	410	220	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,010	515	495	0.9	0.9	0.8
Danish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	800	400	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	8,685	4,140	4,540	7.4	7.1	7.6
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	295	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	335	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	1,185	595	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Czech	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syrian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,030	510	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Brazilian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	515	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
African Caribbean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	225	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	225	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Congolese	395	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	555	290	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	280	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	805	410	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	210	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	385	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	660	315	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	185	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	190	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,045	58,560	59,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	81,360	39,515	41,840	68.9	67.5	70.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,475	3,695	3,780	6.3	6.3	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	1,185	570	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catholic	67,885	32,960	34,920	57.5	56.3	58.7
Christian Orthodox	895	490	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	305	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	840	395	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,430	1,145	1,290	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hindu	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	5,035	2,595	2,440	4.3	4.4	4.1
Sikh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	30,705	15,990	14,715	26.0	27.3	24.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	116,905	57,990	58,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,125	52,240	52,880	89.9	90.1	89.8
Movers	11,785	5,750	6,035	10.1	9.9	10.2
Non-migrants	4,935	2,375	2,565	4.2	4.1	4.4
Migrants	6,845	3,375	3,470	5.9	5.8	5.9
Internal migrants	6,645	3,265	3,385	5.7	5.6	5.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,565	3,220	3,340	5.6	5.6	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	111,740	55,290	56,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,560	35,265	35,300	63.1	63.8	62.5
Movers	41,180	20,020	21,160	36.9	36.2	37.5
Non-migrants	11,895	5,735	6,160	10.6	10.4	10.9
Migrants	29,285	14,290	14,995	26.2	25.8	26.6
Internal migrants	28,170	13,755	14,420	25.2	24.9	25.5
Intraprovincial migrants	27,805	13,595	14,210	24.9	24.6	25.2
Interprovincial migrants	365	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,115	535	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,245	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,075	11,340	8,735	21.3	24.5	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,180	34,995	39,180	78.7	75.5	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,550	31,205	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,370	5,790	3,585	14.7	18.6	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,175	25,415	28,760	85.2	81.4	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,250	46,330	47,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,460	9,435	8,030	18.5	20.4	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,130	10,610	11,520	23.5	22.9	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,655	26,290	28,365	58.0	56.7	59.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,485	19,935	19,550	41.9	43.0	40.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,230	11,075	7,155	19.3	23.9	14.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,905	6,675	6,220	13.7	14.4	13.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,330	4,395	935	5.7	9.5	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,315	7,235	10,075	18.4	15.6	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,935	1,625	2,310	4.2	3.5	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,170	6,360	8,820	16.1	13.7	18.4
Bachelor's degree	10,610	4,430	6,180	11.3	9.6	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,640	665	975	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	140	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,350	1,005	1,345	2.5	2.2	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,545	31,200	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,410	4,410	3,000	11.7	14.1	9.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,690	5,835	5,855	18.4	18.7	18.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,450	20,955	23,490	70.0	67.2	72.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,140	15,590	15,555	49.0	50.0	48.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,760	8,655	6,105	23.2	27.7	18.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,485	5,190	5,290	16.5	16.6	16.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,280	3,465	810	6.7	11.1	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,180	5,640	7,540	20.7	18.1	23.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,210	1,295	1,910	5.1	4.2	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,305	5,365	7,940	20.9	17.2	24.6
Bachelor's degree	9,290	3,730	5,560	14.6	12.0	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,450	580	870	2.3	1.9	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	120	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	2,030	820	1,210	3.2	2.6	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,250	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,590	20,040	19,550	42.0	43.3	40.8
Education	4,080	870	3,215	4.3	1.9	6.7
13. Education	4,080	870	3,215	4.3	1.9	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,615	760	855	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	225	60	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,330	535	795	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,335	860	1,485	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	45	230	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,515	540	975	1.6	1.2	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,485	1,115	3,365	4.8	2.4	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	495	185	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	60	1,135	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	840	250	595	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	705	140	565	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,085	440	650	1.2	0.9	1.4
Business, management and public administration	13,115	4,660	8,450	13.9	10.1	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	640	135	500	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,460	4,530	7,930	13.2	9.8	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	805	790	1.7	1.7	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	155	315	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	405	180	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	350	255	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	110	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,070	1,575	490	2.2	3.4	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,885	1,500	390	2.0	3.2	0.8
25. Library science	100	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,465	11,520	950	13.2	24.9	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	360	235	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,515	1,340	175	1.6	2.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,335	1,995	335	2.5	4.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,700	3,585	115	3.9	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,680	2,585	95	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,870	1,770	105	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	650	310	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	255	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	7,515	1,180	6,335	8.0	2.5	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,080	965	6,115	7.5	2.1	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,730	2,635	2,095	5.0	5.7	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,065	470	1,590	2.2	1.0	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,590	1,185	405	1.7	2.6	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,060	960	100	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,545	31,205	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,100	10,245	8,850	30.1	32.8	27.4
Education	3,255	645	2,615	5.1	2.1	8.1
13. Education	3,255	645	2,615	5.1	2.1	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,240	595	645	2.0	1.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	185	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	415	585	1.6	1.3	1.8
Humanities	1,495	600	895	2.4	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	40	180	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	935	395	535	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,765	875	2,885	5.9	2.8	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	155	265	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	30	1,020	1.7	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	725	215	510	1.1	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	540	80	465	0.8	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	895	365	530	1.4	1.2	1.6
Business, management and public administration	10,855	3,750	7,105	17.1	12.0	22.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	105	445	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,295	3,640	6,655	16.2	11.7	20.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,030	515	510	1.6	1.7	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	95	270	0.6	0.3	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	310	225	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,695	1,290	405	2.7	4.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,555	1,225	325	2.4	3.9	1.0
25. Library science	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,140	9,250	890	16.0	29.6	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	310	195	110	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,400	1,220	175	2.2	3.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,935	1,635	300	3.0	5.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,880	2,770	115	4.5	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,145	2,060	85	3.4	6.6	0.3
48. Precision production	1,475	1,375	105	2.3	4.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	250	280	0.8	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	190	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Health and related fields	6,505	1,010	5,500	10.2	3.2	17.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,125	830	5,295	9.6	2.7	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,935	2,165	1,765	6.2	6.9	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,725	365	1,360	2.7	1.2	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,290	975	320	2.0	3.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	900	810	90	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,545	31,205	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,100	10,245	8,850	30.1	32.8	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,445	20,955	23,490	69.9	67.2	72.6
Location of study inside Canada	40,995	19,150	21,845	64.5	61.4	67.5
Same as province or territory of residence	40,585	18,945	21,640	63.9	60.7	66.9
Different than province or territory of residence	410	210	205	0.6	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,455	1,805	1,645	5.4	5.8	5.1
Americas	1,000	525	475	1.6	1.7	1.5
United States of America	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	490	305	190	0.8	1.0	0.6
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	115	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	925	535	395	1.5	1.7	1.2
Belgium	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	470	275	195	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	1,295	640	655	2.0	2.1	2.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	535	295	240	0.8	0.9	0.7
Morocco	345	175	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tunisia	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	265	110	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,250	46,330	47,910	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,875	33,560	32,315	...	...	...
Employed	61,965	31,525	30,440	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,910	2,035	1,875	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,370	12,770	15,595	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.9	72.4	67.4	69.9	72.4	67.4
Employment rate	65.7	68.0	63.5	65.7	68.0	63.5
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	5.8	5.9	6.1	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,250	46,335	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,230	12,570	15,660	30.0	27.1	32.7
Worked	66,015	33,760	32,255	70.0	72.9	67.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,625	19,520	17,105	38.9	42.1	35.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,395	14,245	15,150	31.2	30.7	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.0	42.2	42.6	43.0	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,875	33,560	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	465	585	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,825	33,095	31,730	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	57,700	28,865	28,835	87.6	86.0	89.2
Permanent position	50,245	25,500	24,745	76.3	76.0	76.6
Temporary position	7,455	3,365	4,090	11.3	10.0	12.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,455	990	1,465	3.7	2.9	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000	2,375	2,625	7.6	7.1	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,125	4,230	2,895	10.8	12.6	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,875	33,560	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	465	585	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,825	33,095	31,730	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,325	1,020	305	2.0	3.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,700	3,630	8,070	17.8	10.8	25.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,085	3,205	875	6.2	9.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	6,070	1,055	5,010	9.2	3.1	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,430	2,280	6,150	12.8	6.8	19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,530	720	815	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	15,945	7,285	8,660	24.2	21.7	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,340	11,320	1,015	18.7	33.7	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	615	495	115	0.9	1.5	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,785	2,080	705	4.2	6.2	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,875	33,560	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	465	585	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	64,825	33,095	31,730	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	205	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	155	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	510	355	160	0.8	1.1	0.5
23 Construction	6,640	5,640	1,005	10.1	16.8	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	6,340	4,580	1,760	9.6	13.6	5.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,525	1,685	840	3.8	5.0	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	8,660	4,230	4,430	13.1	12.6	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,220	2,410	810	4.9	7.2	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,045	590	455	1.6	1.8	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,515	1,080	1,435	3.8	3.2	4.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	945	495	450	1.4	1.5	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,690	1,985	1,700	5.6	5.9	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,525	1,475	1,055	3.8	4.4	3.3
61 Educational services	4,815	1,185	3,630	7.3	3.5	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	10,350	1,785	8,565	15.7	5.3	26.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	860	480	380	1.3	1.4	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,025	1,395	1,630	4.6	4.2	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,720	1,265	1,455	4.1	3.8	4.5
91 Public administration	3,845	2,060	1,785	5.8	6.1	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,530	35,490	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,270	715	555	1.8	2.0	1.6
French	51,960	25,710	26,250	74.7	72.4	77.1
Non-official language	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	15,565	8,690	6,880	22.4	24.5	20.2
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	425	220	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,530	35,490	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,895	34,075	32,815	96.2	96.0	96.4
Official languages	66,755	33,995	32,760	96.0	95.8	96.3
English	3,620	2,055	1,565	5.2	5.8	4.6
French	63,130	31,935	31,195	90.8	90.0	91.7
Non-official languages	140	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,635	1,420	1,215	3.8	4.0	3.6
English and French	2,555	1,375	1,180	3.7	3.9	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,530	35,490	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,830	27,825	28,005	80.3	78.4	82.3
English	10,845	6,070	4,770	15.6	17.1	14.0
French	2,320	1,335	990	3.3	3.8	2.9
Non-official language	215	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,965	31,525	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,050	4,640	5,410	16.2	14.7	17.8
Worked outside Canada	70	70	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,260	6,405	1,855	13.3	20.3	6.1
Usual place of work	43,580	20,410	23,170	70.3	64.7	76.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	43,585	20,410	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,955	5,115	7,840	29.7	25.1	33.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,095	820	1,275	4.8	4.0	5.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,475	14,430	14,040	65.3	70.7	60.6
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	51,845	26,820	25,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	47,075	24,895	22,180	90.8	92.8	88.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,050	24,085	20,965	86.9	89.8	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,025	810	1,215	3.9	3.0	4.9
Public transit	2,500	960	1,545	4.8	3.6	6.2
Walked	1,330	490	850	2.6	1.8	3.4
Bicycle	225	185	45	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	710	290	420	1.4	1.1	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	51,845	26,820	25,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,295	3,695	5,600	17.9	13.8	22.4
15 to 29 minutes	17,130	8,450	8,675	33.0	31.5	34.7
30 to 44 minutes	14,270	8,235	6,035	27.5	30.7	24.1
45 to 59 minutes	6,000	3,480	2,520	11.6	13.0	10.1
60 minutes and over	5,155	2,950	2,205	9.9	11.0	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	51,845	26,820	25,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,780	5,350	1,430	13.1	19.9	5.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,675	6,055	4,620	20.6	22.6	18.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,310	5,165	7,145	23.7	19.3	28.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,280	3,125	5,155	16.0	11.7	20.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,805	1,790	3,010	9.3	6.7	12.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,995	5,330	3,665	17.3	19.9	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,105	14,940	14,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,765	1,925	1,840	12.9	12.9	13.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,335	13,015	12,320	87.0	87.1	87.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,220	11,385	10,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,940	1,490	1,445	13.2	13.1	13.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,895	935	960	8.5	8.2	8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,045	555	490	4.7	4.9	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,280	9,890	9,390	86.8	86.9	86.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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