Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John'sMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	212,579	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	208,418^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	97,429	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	89,999	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	228.2	...	...	228.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	931.56	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	212,580	103,480	109,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	31,570	16,200	15,370	14.9	15.7	14.1
0 to 4 years	9,135	4,715	4,420	4.3	4.6	4.1
5 to 9 years	10,775	5,510	5,265	5.1	5.3	4.8
10 to 14 years	11,655	5,975	5,680	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	142,400	69,995	72,405	67.0	67.6	66.4
15 to 19 years	11,235	5,780	5,455	5.3	5.6	5.0
20 to 24 years	13,645	7,080	6,565	6.4	6.8	6.0
25 to 29 years	13,605	6,765	6,840	6.4	6.5	6.3
30 to 34 years	14,630	7,250	7,380	6.9	7.0	6.8
35 to 39 years	15,020	7,400	7,625	7.1	7.2	7.0
40 to 44 years	14,735	7,065	7,675	6.9	6.8	7.0
45 to 49 years	14,490	7,100	7,390	6.8	6.9	6.8
50 to 54 years	14,850	7,140	7,710	7.0	6.9	7.1
55 to 59 years	15,570	7,400	8,170	7.3	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	14,610	7,015	7,595	6.9	6.8	7.0
65 years and over	38,615	17,280	21,330	18.2	16.7	19.6
65 to 69 years	12,870	6,115	6,760	6.1	5.9	6.2
70 to 74 years	10,645	4,875	5,770	5.0	4.7	5.3
75 to 79 years	7,185	3,255	3,935	3.4	3.1	3.6
80 to 84 years	4,325	1,835	2,490	2.0	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	3,585	1,210	2,380	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	2,280	875	1,405	1.1	0.8	1.3
90 to 94 years	985	265	720	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	285	60	225	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.7	14.1	14.9	15.7	14.1
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.6	66.4	67.0	67.6	66.4
65 years and over	18.2	16.7	19.6	18.2	16.7	19.6
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	42.1	41.0	43.1	42.1	41.0	43.1
Median age of the population	42.4	40.8	43.6	42.4	40.8	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	49,215	...	...	54.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,210	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	6,285	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	22,210	...	...	24.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,225	...	...	8.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	550	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	155	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	150	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	25,505	...	...	28.3	...	...
2 persons	32,670	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	15,195	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	12,300	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	4,330	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	208,820	101,590	107,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	181,015	87,275	93,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	102,295	51,030	51,265	56.5	58.5	54.7
Married	81,265	40,540	40,725	44.9	46.5	43.4
Living common-law	21,030	10,490	10,545	11.6	12.0	11.2
Living common law - Never married	16,500	8,160	8,335	9.1	9.3	8.9
Living common law - Separated	570	310	260	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,585	1,850	1,735	2.0	2.1	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	380	170	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	78,715	36,245	42,465	43.5	41.5	45.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	54,140	28,425	25,710	29.9	32.6	27.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,030	1,645	2,385	2.2	1.9	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,715	4,085	6,630	5.9	4.7	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,830	2,090	7,735	5.4	2.4	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	60,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	32,485	...	...	53.3	...	...
3 persons	14,155	...	...	23.2	...	...
4 persons	11,335	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,925	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	60,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	50,360	...	...	82.7	...	...
Married couples	39,840	...	...	65.4	...	...
With children⁶	20,855	...	...	34.2	...	...
Without children	18,995	...	...	31.2	...	...
Common-law couples	10,520	...	...	17.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,765	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	6,750	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,540	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,305	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,230	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	208,820	101,590	107,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	168,150	82,810	85,340	80.5	81.5	79.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	100,720	50,270	50,450	48.2	49.5	47.0
Parents in one-parent families	10,540	2,230	8,305	5.0	2.2	7.7
Children⁶	56,890	30,310	26,580	27.2	29.8	24.8
In a two-parent family	41,545	22,060	19,485	19.9	21.7	18.2
In a one-parent family	15,350	8,250	7,095	7.4	8.1	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	40,665	18,780	21,885	19.5	18.5	20.4
Living alone	25,505	10,835	14,670	12.2	10.7	13.7
Living with other relatives⁷	4,855	2,005	2,845	2.3	2.0	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	10,315	5,945	4,370	4.9	5.9	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	55,320	...	...	61.5	...	...
Couple-family households	46,675	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	22,955	...	...	25.5	...	...
Without children	23,720	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,640	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,905	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	305	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,215	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,745	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	25,505	...	...	28.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	177,280	85,405	91,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	171,155	82,310	88,845	96.5	96.4	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,200	39,600	42,800	47,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	171,215	82,340	88,875	96.6	96.4	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	35,200	37,600	41,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150,485	73,645	76,845	84.9	86.2	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125,810	63,070	62,740	71.0	73.8	68.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	35,600	40,400	45,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	133,185	58,880	74,300	75.1	68.9	80.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	12,000	11,100	11,500	12,000	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,210	13,015	11,195	13.7	15.2	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,280	6,000	6,200	6,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,705	23,310	23,395	26.3	27.3	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	171,130	82,295	88,835	96.5	96.4	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,300	64,300	48,880	56,300	64,300	48,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	171,205	82,335	88,870	96.6	96.4	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	50,480	40,600	45,360	50,480	40,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	150,395	73,460	76,935	84.8	86.0	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,300	62,150	44,840	53,300	62,150	44,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,805	62,900	62,905	71.0	73.7	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	61,300	44,800	53,050	61,300	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	132,970	58,820	74,145	75.0	68.9	80.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,150	12,270	12,060	12,150	12,270	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,155	12,820	11,330	13.6	15.0	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,230	8,270	8,190	8,230	8,270	8,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,205	22,955	23,250	26.1	26.9	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,840	8,910	8,880	8,840	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	62,570	31,920	30,650	35.3	37.4	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	73,500	59,600	66,500	73,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,100	90,400	69,300	80,100	90,400	69,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	47,420	23,355	24,060	26.7	27.4	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	20,200	15,500	17,400	20,200	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	35,720	24,340	29,920	35,720	24,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	86.4	79.4	83.2	86.4	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	73.0	64.8	69.2	73.0	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	13.6	20.6	16.8	13.6	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.2	5.6	4.8	4.2	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.8	4.8	4.3	3.8	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	177,275	85,410	91,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	6,120	3,100	3,025	3.5	3.6	3.3
With total income	171,160	82,315	88,845	96.6	96.4	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,495	5,675	6,815	7.3	6.9	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	19,270	8,075	11,195	11.3	9.8	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	26,135	11,345	14,790	15.3	13.8	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	21,860	9,555	12,305	12.8	11.6	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	19,920	8,660	11,260	11.6	10.5	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	15,670	7,110	8,565	9.2	8.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	12,150	6,035	6,115	7.1	7.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	9,510	5,060	4,450	5.6	6.1	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	7,710	4,120	3,595	4.5	5.0	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	6,455	3,220	3,240	3.8	3.9	3.6
$100,000 and over	19,980	13,460	6,515	11.7	16.4	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	12,980	8,250	4,725	7.6	10.0	5.3
$150,000 and over	7,000	5,210	1,790	4.1	6.3	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	177,275	85,410	91,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	6,060	3,070	2,995	3.4	3.6	3.3
With after-tax income	171,215	82,340	88,880	96.6	96.4	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,260	5,860	7,405	7.7	7.1	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	20,180	8,550	11,625	11.8	10.4	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	31,445	13,805	17,635	18.4	16.8	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	26,665	11,745	14,920	15.6	14.3	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	22,950	10,385	12,565	13.4	12.6	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	16,765	8,400	8,365	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	12,060	6,340	5,725	7.0	7.7	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	9,235	4,700	4,540	5.4	5.7	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,575	3,255	2,315	3.3	4.0	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,560	2,335	1,225	2.1	2.8	1.4
$100,000 and over	9,520	6,960	2,565	5.6	8.5	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,645	3,345	1,300	2.7	4.1	1.5
$125,000 and over	4,880	3,615	1,260	2.9	4.4	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	177,275	85,410	91,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	51,465	22,340	29,130	29.0	26.2	31.7
With employment income	125,805	63,070	62,735	71.0	73.8	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	18,010	8,295	9,720	14.3	13.2	15.5
$5,000 to $9,999	9,590	4,360	5,230	7.6	6.9	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,745	6,390	7,355	10.9	10.1	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,950	5,075	5,875	8.7	8.0	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,260	4,650	5,615	8.2	7.4	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,890	4,850	6,040	8.7	7.7	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,545	4,395	5,150	7.6	7.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,120	4,235	3,885	6.5	6.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,950	3,725	3,225	5.5	5.9	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	6,145	3,250	2,895	4.9	5.2	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	5,395	2,620	2,780	4.3	4.2	4.4
$100,000 and over	16,215	11,235	4,980	12.9	17.8	7.9
$100,000 to $124,999	7,040	4,375	2,670	5.6	6.9	4.3
$125,000 and over	9,170	6,860	2,305	7.3	10.9	3.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	177,280	85,405	91,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,725	80,480	87,240	94.6	94.2	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,600	37,200	41,600	47,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,865	80,505	87,360	94.7	94.3	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	33,200	36,800	41,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	148,980	72,805	76,175	84.0	85.2	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	34,400	40,400	46,800	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	126,585	63,290	63,295	71.4	74.1	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,400	35,600	41,200	48,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,975	50,040	66,930	66.0	58.6	72.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,300	7,800	8,000	8,300	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20,835	10,980	9,855	11.8	12.9	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	7,150	6,950	7,100	7,150	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,845	80,450	87,390	94.7	94.2	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450	65,000	46,680	55,450	65,000	46,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,955	80,465	87,485	94.7	94.2	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	50,240	38,560	44,120	50,240	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	149,140	72,650	76,485	84.1	85.1	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,100	65,600	45,160	55,100	65,600	45,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,135	63,355	63,780	71.7	74.2	69.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	63,950	45,080	54,500	63,950	45,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,865	50,010	66,860	65.9	58.6	72.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,360	9,350	9,360	9,360	9,350	9,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,805	10,910	9,895	11.7	12.8	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,680	8,960	8,810	8,680	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	62,225	31,710	30,510	35.1	37.1	33.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	72,000	56,000	63,600	72,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,500	88,300	66,300	77,500	88,300	66,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	44,500	21,925	22,575	25.1	25.7	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	27,400	20,200	23,000	27,400	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,760	46,040	29,720	37,760	46,040	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.0	84.6	88.2	91.0	84.6
Employment income (%)	74.4	77.4	70.4	74.4	77.4	70.4
Government transfers (%)	11.7	8.9	15.4	11.7	8.9	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	90,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	90,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	25,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040	...	...	51,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,120	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	750	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,625	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,680	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,165	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,140	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,500	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,445	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,330	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,245	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,910	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,635	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,355	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,835	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	37,355	...	...	41.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,165	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,790	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,920	...	...	11.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,475	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	770	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,425	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,710	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,080	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,770	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,685	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,210	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,200	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,850	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,510	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,265	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,765	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,080	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,340	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	28,650	...	...	31.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,515	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,180	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,955	...	...	12.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	24,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	24,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35,815	16,775	19,040	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	35,600	36,000	36,000	35,600	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	32,400	32,800	32,800	32,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	114,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,800	...	...	169,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,100	...	...	66,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35,805	16,555	19,250	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,200	47,600	45,000	46,200	47,600	45,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,600	39,200	38,120	38,600	39,200	38,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	208,815	101,590	107,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,155	19,620	18,540	18.3	19.3	17.3
0 to 5 years	11,270	5,800	5,470	5.4	5.7	5.1
18 to 64 years	134,370	65,485	68,885	64.3	64.5	64.2
65 years and over	36,295	16,490	19,805	17.4	16.2	18.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,495	10,695	12,800	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,025	2,640	2,385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,650	880	770	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,410	6,180	7,230	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,060	1,875	3,185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.5	11.9	11.3	10.5	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	13.4	12.9	13.2	13.4	12.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7	15.2	14.1	14.7	15.2	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.4	10.5	10.0	9.4	10.5
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.4	16.1	13.9	11.4	16.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	208,820	101,590	107,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,155	19,615	18,535	18.3	19.3	17.3
0 to 5 years	11,265	5,800	5,465	5.4	5.7	5.1
18 to 64 years	134,370	65,490	68,880	64.3	64.5	64.2
65 years and over	36,295	16,485	19,810	17.4	16.2	18.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,895	5,030	4,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,650	875	775	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	555	295	260	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,740	3,965	3,775	...	...	...
65 years and over	505	190	310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	5.0	4.5	4.7	5.0	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.1	5.5	5.8	6.1	5.5
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	208,815	101,590	107,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	99,385	46,775	52,610	47.6	46.0	49.1
In bottom decile	21,935	10,505	11,430	10.5	10.3	10.7
In second decile	20,015	9,090	10,925	9.6	8.9	10.2
In third decile	18,940	8,735	10,200	9.1	8.6	9.5
In fourth decile	19,065	9,020	10,045	9.1	8.9	9.4
In fifth decile	19,435	9,430	10,010	9.3	9.3	9.3
In top half of the distribution	109,435	54,815	54,615	52.4	54.0	50.9
In sixth decile	20,435	10,025	10,410	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	21,530	10,760	10,765	10.3	10.6	10.0
In eighth decile	22,735	11,320	11,410	10.9	11.1	10.6
In ninth decile	23,375	11,780	11,595	11.2	11.6	10.8
In top decile	21,360	10,920	10,435	10.2	10.7	9.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	208,820	...	...	208,820	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.340	...	...	0.340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	209,890	102,090	107,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	192,310	94,950	97,355	91.6	93.0	90.3
French only	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	16,905	6,795	10,110	8.1	6.7	9.4
Neither English nor French	620	320	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	209,890	102,090	107,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	208,110	101,205	106,905	99.2	99.1	99.2
French	1,010	505	500	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	550	275	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	209,890	102,090	107,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	207,770	101,005	106,765	99.0	98.9	99.0
Official languages	199,565	96,585	102,975	95.1	94.6	95.5
English	198,595	96,105	102,485	94.6	94.1	95.1
French	975	485	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	8,205	4,415	3,790	3.9	4.3	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,180	4,400	3,775	3.9	4.3	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,600	880	720	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,530	840	685	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,325	745	575	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	645	270	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	545	225	315	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	270	150	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,675	2,105	1,570	1.8	2.1	1.5
Albanian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	390	205	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	200	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	370	210	160	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	65	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,045	1,245	795	1.0	1.2	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,605	1,015	590	0.8	1.0	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	545	355	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	125	95	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	195	125	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360	210	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	55	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	215	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	435	230	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	370	190	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	325	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	770	395	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	485	240	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	205	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,105	555	550	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	1,080	535	540	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	780	390	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,125	1,085	1,040	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	580	260	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,330	715	610	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	209,890	102,090	107,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	198,985	96,500	102,490	94.8	94.5	95.1
French	260	115	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,170	1,165	1,005	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,170	1,160	1,005	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	1,545	655	890	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,420	3,400	3,020	3.1	3.3	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	330	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	209,890	102,090	107,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	208,245	101,255	106,990	99.2	99.2	99.2
Official languages	203,735	98,860	104,880	97.1	96.8	97.3
English	203,300	98,650	104,640	96.9	96.6	97.1
French	440	200	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,505	2,400	2,110	2.1	2.4	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,500	2,395	2,105	2.1	2.3	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,050	545	505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,010	520	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	880	465	415	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	50	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	150	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	130	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,840	1,030	810	0.9	1.0	0.8
Albanian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	725	520	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	910	555	355	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	190	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	65	50	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	135	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	145	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	255	125	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	325	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	690	355	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	675	345	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	530	275	255	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,645	835	815	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,390	710	685	0.7	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	209,890	102,090	107,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	202,800	98,475	104,320	96.6	96.5	96.8
English	2,025	1,055	965	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	1,260	520	740	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,860	1,505	1,355	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,805	1,475	1,330	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	160	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	425	260	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	208,820	101,570	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	208,195	101,225	106,975	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	208,120	101,190	106,930	99.7	99.6	99.7
French	17,005	6,965	10,040	8.1	6.9	9.4
Non-official languages	13,645	7,110	6,535	6.5	7.0	6.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	45	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,545	7,060	6,485	6.5	7.0	6.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,190	1,270	920	1.0	1.3	0.9
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,130	1,230	900	1.0	1.2	0.8
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,790	1,045	745	0.9	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	230	135	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,000	410	590	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	800	315	480	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	430	225	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	240	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,895	3,715	3,175	3.3	3.7	3.0
Albanian	60	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	730	410	320	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	720	405	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	410	225	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	45	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,165	605	560	0.6	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	805	410	400	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	795	405	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	225	155	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	75	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,930	1,735	1,190	1.4	1.7	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,415	1,485	930	1.2	1.5	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	790	490	300	0.4	0.5	0.3
Gujarati	240	200	35	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hindi	1,130	775	355	0.5	0.8	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	645	390	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	390	210	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	520	255	270	0.2	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	470	225	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	420	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,235	1,060	1,180	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	220	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	320	145	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,550	695	850	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,015	550	465	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	250	130	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	555	215	340	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	540	205	335	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,375	740	635	0.7	0.7	0.6
Chinese languages	1,325	710	615	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,065	570	495	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	300	160	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	208,815	101,575	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,050	3,335	3,710	3.4	3.3	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,550	3,100	3,450	3.1	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,265	2,035	2,235	2.0	2.0	2.1
Métis	1,365	615	755	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	915	455	460	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	400	200	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	201,775	98,235	103,535	96.6	96.7	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	208,815	101,575	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,480	1,240	1,240	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	206,340	100,335	106,005	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	62,465	...	...	69.4	...	...
Renter	27,535	...	...	30.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,930	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	86,070	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	7,085	...	...	7.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,370	...	...	21.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	38,265	...	...	42.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25,005	...	...	27.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,200	...	...	19.1	...	...
5 rooms	12,240	...	...	13.6	...	...
6 rooms	13,940	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	12,365	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	34,255	...	...	38.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	89,550	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	445	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	88,220	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,775	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,720	...	...	15.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,815	...	...	26.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,830	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,340	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,635	...	...	7.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,320	...	...	9.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	8,730	...	...	9.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,610	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	86,265	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,735	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	43,915	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	43,095	...	...	47.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,990	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,265	...	...	3.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	13,155	...	...	14.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	16,150	...	...	17.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	16,565	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	17,710	...	...	19.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,960	...	...	15.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,200	...	...	8.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,000	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	89,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	72,625	...	...	81.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,090	...	...	19.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15,675	...	...	17.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	90,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	21,375	...	...	23.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,965	...	...	17.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,475	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,740	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	205	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	890	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	68,625	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	88,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,165	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	80,135	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	62,415	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.7	...	...	63.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,434	...	...	1,434	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	312,000	...	...	312,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	344,000	...	...	344,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,530	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	999	...	...	999	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	208,815	101,575	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,430	1,565	1,860	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,315	1,515	1,800	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,410	1,110	1,295	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	370	150	225	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	535	250	285	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,780	3,780	4,005	3.7	3.7	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,570	3,700	3,870	3.6	3.6	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,860	2,890	2,965	2.8	2.8	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	840	390	455	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	875	420	450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	210	75	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	197,615	96,230	101,385	94.6	94.7	94.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	208,820	101,570	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	200,330	96,955	103,370	95.9	95.5	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	37,035	19,065	17,975	17.7	18.8	16.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	163,290	77,890	85,395	78.2	76.7	79.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,490	4,615	3,875	4.1	4.5	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	208,820	101,570	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	194,935	94,205	100,735	93.4	92.7	93.9
Immigrants⁸¹	9,505	4,890	4,610	4.6	4.8	4.3
Before 1980	1,820	925	890	0.9	0.9	0.8
1980 to 1990	555	355	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	705	360	345	0.3	0.4	0.3
2001 to 2010	1,780	940	840	0.9	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,650	2,310	2,340	2.2	2.3	2.2
2011 to 2015	1,565	805	765	0.7	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	3,085	1,505	1,580	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,375	2,475	1,895	2.1	2.4	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,510	4,895	4,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,060	570	485	11.1	11.6	10.5
5 to 14 years	1,750	895	860	18.4	18.3	18.6
15 to 24 years	1,410	740	670	14.8	15.1	14.5
25 to 44 years	4,570	2,305	2,260	48.1	47.1	49.0
45 years and over	720	385	335	7.6	7.9	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,510	4,895	4,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,480	690	790	15.6	14.1	17.1
Brazil	80	30	45	0.8	0.6	1.0
Colombia	120	60	65	1.3	1.2	1.4
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	145	65	80	1.5	1.3	1.7
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
United States of America	815	405	410	8.6	8.3	8.9
Other places of birth in Americas	215	90	130	2.3	1.8	2.8
Europe	2,585	1,500	1,085	27.2	30.6	23.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Croatia	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	130	65	65	1.4	1.3	1.4
Germany	155	85	70	1.6	1.7	1.5
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	65	40	25	0.7	0.8	0.5
Netherlands	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Poland	35	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Portugal	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Romania	75	35	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
Russian Federation	110	50	55	1.2	1.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,280	760	520	13.5	15.5	11.3
Other places of birth in Europe	520	320	205	5.5	6.5	4.4
Africa	1,520	825	700	16.0	16.9	15.2
Algeria	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	35	0.8	0.7	0.8
Egypt	135	95	35	1.4	1.9	0.8
Eritrea	155	95	60	1.6	1.9	1.3
Ethiopia	75	40	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	365	190	175	3.8	3.9	3.8
Somalia	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	50	1.2	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	570	280	285	6.0	5.7	6.2
Asia	3,840	1,845	1,995	40.4	37.7	43.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	105	55	50	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iraq	110	50	60	1.2	1.0	1.3
Lebanon	65	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	450	220	225	4.7	4.5	4.9
Turkey	45	35	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
China⁹⁰	535	245	290	5.6	5.0	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	35	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	15	60	0.8	0.3	1.3
Taiwan	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.7
Philippines	785	310	475	8.3	6.3	10.3
Viet Nam	75	35	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bangladesh	205	120	85	2.2	2.5	1.8
India	535	310	220	5.6	6.3	4.8
Pakistan	170	65	110	1.8	1.3	2.4
Sri Lanka	70	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	455	250	210	4.8	5.1	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	30	50	0.8	0.6	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,085	1,505	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	310	140	175	10.0	9.3	11.1
Brazil	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	105	55	50	3.4	3.7	3.2
Mexico	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	110	55	55	3.6	3.7	3.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	10	35	1.5	0.7	2.2
Europe	275	155	120	8.9	10.3	7.6
France	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	0.9
Germany	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	1.1	1.3	0.9
Italy	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	0.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	70	30	3.2	4.7	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	30	1.8	2.0	1.9
Africa	760	390	370	24.6	25.9	23.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	25	25	1.6	1.7	1.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.6
Eritrea	100	60	45	3.2	4.0	2.8
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	240	130	110	7.8	8.6	7.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	1.1	1.7	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	30	2.1	2.3	1.9
Tunisia	35	15	15	1.1	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	180	85	95	5.8	5.6	6.0
Asia	1,720	805	910	55.8	53.5	57.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	70	35	30	2.3	2.3	1.9
China⁹⁰	180	75	105	5.8	5.0	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	135	65	6.5	9.0	4.1
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	1.1	1.3	0.9
Iraq	50	15	30	1.6	1.0	1.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30	1.1	0.0	1.9
Lebanon	55	30	20	1.8	2.0	1.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	80	30	45	2.6	2.0	2.8
Philippines	425	160	270	13.8	10.6	17.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	12.6	13.6	11.7
Turkey	25	20	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	2.3	1.3	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	208,820	101,575	107,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,165	7,995	7,170	7.3	7.9	6.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,810	5,490	5,320	5.2	5.4	5.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	182,835	88,085	94,750	87.6	86.7	88.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,690	3,970	3,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,285	2,260	2,020	55.7	56.9	54.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,040	1,290	750	26.5	32.5	20.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,240	970	1,275	29.1	24.4	34.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,715	835	880	22.3	21.0	23.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,635	835	795	21.3	21.0	21.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	35	20	0.8	0.9	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,690	3,970	3,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	100	70	2.1	2.5	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,525	825	700	19.8	20.8	18.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	375	230	150	4.9	5.8	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,045	595	450	13.6	15.0	12.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,540	2,205	2,340	59.0	55.5	62.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	208,820	101,575	107,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,545	6,620	5,925	6.0	6.5	5.5
South Asian	3,340	1,935	1,405	1.6	1.9	1.3
Chinese	1,745	910	835	0.8	0.9	0.8
Black	2,865	1,530	1,330	1.4	1.5	1.2
Filipino	1,060	450	610	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	1,470	870	600	0.7	0.9	0.6
Latin American	640	310	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	365	165	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	495	240	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	45	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	95	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	196,270	94,950	101,320	94.0	93.5	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	208,820	101,570	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	45,625	21,990	23,635	21.8	21.7	22.0
English	77,135	36,895	40,240	36.9	36.3	37.5
Irish	70,615	33,955	36,665	33.8	33.4	34.2
Scottish	17,145	8,125	9,020	8.2	8.0	8.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,510	4,550	4,960	4.6	4.5	4.6
German	3,935	1,965	1,970	1.9	1.9	1.8
Chinese	1,780	915	865	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italian	1,520	740	780	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	1,835	1,050	790	0.9	1.0	0.7
Ukrainian	960	510	445	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dutch	1,060	550	510	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	780	390	390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	110	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,625	3,670	3,955	3.7	3.6	3.7
Filipino	1,080	480	600	0.5	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	315	150	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	11,085	5,285	5,800	5.3	5.2	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,720	860	855	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	1,440	625	815	0.7	0.6	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,025	2,020	2,005	1.9	2.0	1.9
Russian	475	255	225	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	1,060	555	510	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	3,495	1,815	1,680	1.7	1.8	1.6
Portuguese	745	350	395	0.4	0.3	0.4
American	1,255	575	680	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	760	390	375	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swedish	605	305	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	600	270	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	560	285	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	395	250	145	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	140	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	685	385	305	0.3	0.4	0.3
Greek	260	140	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	355	185	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	45	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	175	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	435	200	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	415	200	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	720	370	345	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	625	275	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austrian	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,290	2,050	2,235	2.1	2.0	2.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	640	340	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	280	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	290	185	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	275	165	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	13,300	6,495	6,805	6.4	6.4	6.3
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,435	680	750	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladeshi	515	310	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	380	190	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	140	110	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	245	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	235	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	360	155	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	180	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	55	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	110	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	240	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	120	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230	145	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	45	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	250	110	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	1,220	620	600	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	115	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	60	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	208,815	101,575	107,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	360	180	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	158,575	75,015	83,560	75.9	73.9	77.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,915	3,385	3,530	3.3	3.3	3.3
Anabaptist	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	34,810	16,330	18,485	16.7	16.1	17.2
Baptist	625	310	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	81,475	38,465	43,015	39.0	37.9	40.1
Christian Orthodox	500	285	210	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	570	255	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	105	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	165	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	5,970	2,895	3,075	2.9	2.9	2.9
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	4,435	2,010	2,425	2.1	2.0	2.3
Presbyterian	830	395	435	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	20,325	9,650	10,675	9.7	9.5	10.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,785	855	930	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hindu	945	560	380	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,345	1,780	1,570	1.6	1.8	1.5
Sikh	525	300	225	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	665	260	405	0.3	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	44,180	23,385	20,795	21.2	23.0	19.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	207,110	100,685	106,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	183,935	89,630	94,305	88.8	89.0	88.6
Movers	23,175	11,055	12,125	11.2	11.0	11.4
Non-migrants	14,175	6,685	7,495	6.8	6.6	7.0
Migrants	9,000	4,370	4,630	4.3	4.3	4.4
Internal migrants	8,135	3,875	4,260	3.9	3.8	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,600	2,630	2,970	2.7	2.6	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,535	1,250	1,285	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	865	495	375	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	199,770	96,945	102,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	132,155	64,085	68,065	66.2	66.1	66.2
Movers	67,615	32,860	34,755	33.8	33.9	33.8
Non-migrants	28,050	13,700	14,340	14.0	14.1	13.9
Migrants	39,565	19,155	20,410	19.8	19.8	19.8
Internal migrants	33,695	16,060	17,635	16.9	16.6	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	26,330	12,300	14,030	13.2	12.7	13.6
Interprovincial migrants	7,365	3,755	3,610	3.7	3.9	3.5
External migrants	5,870	3,095	2,775	2.9	3.2	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,915	12,635	11,275	13.5	14.8	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,360	72,755	80,610	86.5	85.2	87.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,265	55,970	60,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,205	5,385	3,820	7.9	9.6	6.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	107,055	50,585	56,475	92.1	90.4	93.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	177,280	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,900	11,280	10,620	12.4	13.2	11.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	46,700	23,600	23,095	26.3	27.6	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,675	50,505	58,170	61.3	59.1	63.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	61,685	29,980	31,700	34.8	35.1	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,030	9,895	4,140	7.9	11.6	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,155	3,935	3,215	4.0	4.6	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,875	5,955	925	3.9	7.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	42,890	18,105	24,780	24.2	21.2	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,760	1,980	2,780	2.7	2.3	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	46,990	20,525	26,465	26.5	24.0	28.8
Bachelor's degree	29,890	12,760	17,130	16.9	14.9	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,085	1,015	1,070	1.2	1.2	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,300	630	665	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	11,520	4,740	6,775	6.5	5.6	7.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,205	1,375	825	1.2	1.6	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,260	55,970	60,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,830	4,465	3,365	6.7	8.0	5.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,130	12,825	11,305	20.8	22.9	18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	84,300	38,680	45,620	72.5	69.1	75.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,935	22,875	24,055	40.4	40.9	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,455	7,510	2,950	9.0	13.4	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,280	3,005	2,280	4.5	5.4	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,175	4,500	670	4.5	8.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,260	13,990	19,265	28.6	25.0	32.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,220	1,380	1,845	2.8	2.5	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	37,365	15,800	21,560	32.1	28.2	35.8
Bachelor's degree	23,485	9,945	13,540	20.2	17.8	22.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,675	750	925	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,080	480	600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	9,515	3,705	5,810	8.2	6.6	9.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,610	925	685	1.4	1.7	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	68,600	34,885	33,715	38.7	40.9	36.7
Education	8,430	2,270	6,155	4.8	2.7	6.7
13. Education	8,430	2,270	6,155	4.8	2.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,425	1,100	1,325	1.4	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	250	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,100	845	1,255	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	4,830	1,980	2,850	2.7	2.3	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	95	295	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,305	470	830	0.7	0.6	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,170	435	735	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	405	225	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	425	235	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	550	330	225	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370	80	295	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,465	3,115	6,350	5.3	3.6	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	40	155	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625	270	360	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,680	140	1,540	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,360	500	860	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,885	395	1,490	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	3,615	1,725	1,885	2.0	2.0	2.1
Business, management and public administration	25,125	7,640	17,485	14.2	8.9	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,595	290	1,315	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,480	7,335	16,145	13.2	8.6	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,195	2,040	2,155	2.4	2.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,895	750	1,145	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770	365	405	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,305	880	430	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,200	3,180	2,020	2.9	3.7	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,340	2,800	1,540	2.4	3.3	1.7
25. Library science	310	40	270	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	480	270	210	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	65	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,520	20,860	2,660	13.3	24.4	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	255	180	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	5,155	4,110	1,045	2.9	4.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,670	5,545	1,125	3.8	6.5	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,575	5,415	160	3.1	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,900	3,790	115	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,950	1,820	125	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,660	795	865	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	935	330	600	0.5	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	725	465	260	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	16,265	3,020	13,245	9.2	3.5	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,000	445	550	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,710	2,280	12,425	8.3	2.7	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	500	270	225	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,550	4,510	3,045	4.3	5.3	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,590	1,050	2,540	2.0	1.2	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,190	900	295	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,750	2,535	215	1.6	3.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	116,265	55,970	60,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,965	17,290	14,675	27.5	30.9	24.3
Education	5,480	1,295	4,180	4.7	2.3	6.9
13. Education	5,480	1,295	4,180	4.7	2.3	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,005	895	1,105	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	175	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,775	725	1,055	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	3,480	1,420	2,065	3.0	2.5	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	85	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	920	325	595	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	880	320	565	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	435	270	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250	40	215	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,655	2,335	5,320	6.6	4.2	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	215	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,415	115	1,300	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,105	350	755	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,485	295	1,190	1.3	0.5	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,865	1,295	1,565	2.5	2.3	2.6
Business, management and public administration	19,515	5,790	13,730	16.8	10.3	22.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210	170	1,040	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,265	5,605	12,655	15.7	10.0	21.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,170	1,500	1,670	2.7	2.7	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,415	535	880	1.2	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	580	265	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,035	675	360	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,605	2,825	1,780	4.0	5.0	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,940	2,545	1,390	3.4	4.5	2.3
25. Library science	255	35	225	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,210	15,875	2,335	15.7	28.4	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	190	125	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	4,225	3,290	935	3.6	5.9	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,235	4,250	985	4.5	7.6	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,385	4,235	150	3.8	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,680	2,595	85	2.3	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,485	1,375	110	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	635	755	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	750	245	505	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	640	385	245	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	12,505	2,330	10,170	10.8	4.2	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	800	370	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,230	1,730	9,500	9.7	3.1	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	410	215	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,275	3,765	2,510	5.4	6.7	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,975	890	2,090	2.6	1.6	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	970	730	235	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,315	2,130	185	2.0	3.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	116,265	55,970	60,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,965	17,290	14,675	27.5	30.9	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	84,300	38,685	45,615	72.5	69.1	75.7
Location of study inside Canada	79,505	36,430	43,075	68.4	65.1	71.4
Same as province or territory of residence	67,515	31,010	36,505	58.1	55.4	60.5
Different than province or territory of residence	11,985	5,420	6,575	10.3	9.7	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,795	2,250	2,545	4.1	4.0	4.2
Americas	1,155	485	675	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	805	360	445	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mexico	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,300	765	530	1.1	1.4	0.9
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	85	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710	445	265	0.6	0.8	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	515	255	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	1,710	705	1,000	1.5	1.3	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	465	175	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	177,280	85,390	91,885	...	...	...
In the labour force	112,880	57,030	55,850	...	...	...
Employed	100,790	49,805	50,980	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,095	7,225	4,870	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	64,395	28,360	36,035	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.7	66.8	60.8	63.7	66.8	60.8
Employment rate	56.9	58.3	55.5	56.9	58.3	55.5
Unemployment rate	10.7	12.7	8.7	10.7	12.7	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	177,275	85,390	91,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	63,935	28,225	35,710	36.1	33.1	38.9
Worked	113,340	57,165	56,175	63.9	66.9	61.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	63,565	32,490	31,070	35.9	38.0	33.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	49,780	24,675	25,105	28.1	28.9	27.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.1	41.6	41.3	41.1	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	112,880	57,030	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700	1,530	1,175	2.4	2.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	110,180	55,500	54,675	97.6	97.3	97.9
Employee	99,985	49,465	50,520	88.6	86.7	90.5
Permanent position	77,230	38,020	39,215	68.4	66.7	70.2
Temporary position	22,750	11,450	11,300	20.2	20.1	20.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,120	3,065	4,055	6.3	5.4	7.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15,630	8,380	7,250	13.8	14.7	13.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,190	6,035	4,155	9.0	10.6	7.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	112,880	57,030	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700	1,530	1,175	2.4	2.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	110,180	55,500	54,675	97.6	97.3	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,235	850	385	1.1	1.5	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,425	5,745	13,680	17.2	10.1	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,195	7,785	2,410	9.0	13.7	4.3
3 Health occupations	10,360	2,070	8,290	9.2	3.6	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,570	5,045	10,525	13.8	8.8	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,230	1,425	1,805	2.9	2.5	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	29,180	13,475	15,705	25.9	23.6	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,730	15,520	1,205	14.8	27.2	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,070	1,810	260	1.8	3.2	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,185	1,775	410	1.9	3.1	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	112,880	57,030	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700	1,530	1,175	2.4	2.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	110,180	55,500	54,675	97.6	97.3	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,170	900	270	1.0	1.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,240	2,565	675	2.9	4.5	1.2
22 Utilities	1,380	900	475	1.2	1.6	0.9
23 Construction	7,535	6,620	910	6.7	11.6	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,395	2,520	875	3.0	4.4	1.6
41 Wholesale trade	2,605	1,935	665	2.3	3.4	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	13,855	6,670	7,185	12.3	11.7	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,955	3,830	1,115	4.4	6.7	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,000	1,075	920	1.8	1.9	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	3,075	1,150	1,930	2.7	2.0	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,320	765	560	1.2	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,275	4,895	3,380	7.3	8.6	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,125	2,570	1,560	3.7	4.5	2.8
61 Educational services	9,290	3,300	5,985	8.2	5.8	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	17,335	3,525	13,805	15.4	6.2	24.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,135	1,010	1,120	1.9	1.8	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	7,410	3,455	3,955	6.6	6.1	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,665	2,100	2,565	4.1	3.7	4.6
91 Public administration	12,250	5,620	6,625	10.9	9.9	11.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	120,515	60,730	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,180	59,820	58,355	98.1	98.5	97.6
French	255	80	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,575	550	1,030	1.3	0.9	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	370	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	120,515	60,730	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,225	60,605	59,620	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	120,100	60,535	59,570	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	119,525	60,390	59,140	99.2	99.4	98.9
French	580	150	430	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	220	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	120,515	60,730	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	118,805	60,080	58,720	98.6	98.9	98.2
English	355	75	275	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	1,040	395	640	0.9	0.7	1.1
Non-official language	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	100,785	49,805	50,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,785	8,230	10,560	18.6	16.5	20.7
Worked outside Canada	260	215	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	11,890	8,575	3,310	11.8	17.2	6.5
Usual place of work	69,850	32,780	37,070	69.3	65.8	72.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	69,850	32,780	37,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	37,725	16,740	20,985	54.0	51.1	56.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30,730	15,010	15,725	44.0	45.8	42.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	715	515	200	1.0	1.6	0.5
Commute to a different province or territory	675	520	155	1.0	1.6	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	81,745	41,360	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	72,495	36,155	36,345	88.7	87.4	90.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	65,255	33,355	31,910	79.8	80.6	79.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,235	2,800	4,435	8.9	6.8	11.0
Public transit	2,580	1,345	1,230	3.2	3.3	3.0
Walked	3,715	1,830	1,885	4.5	4.4	4.7
Bicycle	130	95	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other method	2,820	1,940	885	3.4	4.7	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	81,745	41,360	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	34,845	16,535	18,305	42.6	40.0	45.3
15 to 29 minutes	36,260	18,355	17,900	44.4	44.4	44.3
30 to 44 minutes	7,005	3,980	3,030	8.6	9.6	7.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,210	625	585	1.5	1.5	1.4
60 minutes and over	2,420	1,865	565	3.0	4.5	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	81,745	41,360	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,745	2,105	640	3.4	5.1	1.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,830	5,700	3,125	10.8	13.8	7.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,090	13,860	12,230	31.9	33.5	30.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	23,405	10,320	13,085	28.6	25.0	32.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,595	3,955	5,645	11.7	9.6	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,075	5,425	5,650	13.5	13.1	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	38,930	20,000	18,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,490	720	770	3.8	3.6	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,445	19,280	18,160	96.2	96.4	95.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	29,045	14,900	14,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	525	570	3.8	3.5	4.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	265	315	2.0	1.8	2.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	260	255	1.8	1.7	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,950	14,375	13,570	96.2	96.5	95.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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