Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John's, City (CY)More information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,525	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,860	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	54,067	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,298	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	247.8	...	...	247.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	446.02	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,525	53,515	57,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,550	7,490	7,060	13.2	14.0	12.4
0 to 4 years	4,425	2,310	2,115	4.0	4.3	3.7
5 to 9 years	4,915	2,505	2,415	4.4	4.7	4.2
10 to 14 years	5,205	2,670	2,530	4.7	5.0	4.4
15 to 64 years	74,255	36,660	37,600	67.2	68.5	66.0
15 to 19 years	5,385	2,780	2,605	4.9	5.2	4.6
20 to 24 years	8,375	4,390	3,980	7.6	8.2	7.0
25 to 29 years	8,205	4,160	4,045	7.4	7.8	7.1
30 to 34 years	8,090	4,015	4,080	7.3	7.5	7.2
35 to 39 years	7,715	3,910	3,805	7.0	7.3	6.7
40 to 44 years	7,185	3,515	3,670	6.5	6.6	6.4
45 to 49 years	6,590	3,200	3,390	6.0	6.0	5.9
50 to 54 years	7,120	3,390	3,730	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 to 59 years	7,955	3,700	4,250	7.2	6.9	7.5
60 to 64 years	7,635	3,595	4,045	6.9	6.7	7.1
65 years and over	21,720	9,365	12,355	19.7	17.5	21.7
65 to 69 years	6,725	3,150	3,570	6.1	5.9	6.3
70 to 74 years	5,740	2,535	3,200	5.2	4.7	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,145	1,795	2,350	3.8	3.4	4.1
80 to 84 years	2,705	1,115	1,585	2.4	2.1	2.8
85 years and over	2,410	765	1,650	2.2	1.4	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,475	525	945	1.3	1.0	1.7
90 to 94 years	700	180	515	0.6	0.3	0.9
95 to 99 years	220	50	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	14.0	12.4	13.2	14.0	12.4
15 to 64 years	67.2	68.5	66.0	67.2	68.5	66.0
65 years and over	19.7	17.5	21.7	19.7	17.5	21.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.4	2.9	2.2	1.4	2.9
Average age of the population	42.8	41.3	44.2	42.8	41.3	44.2
Median age of the population	42.0	40.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,865	...	...	42.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,095	...	...	6.3	...	...
Row house	5,115	...	...	10.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,895	...	...	26.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,555	...	...	13.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,605	...	...	33.7	...	...
2 persons	17,655	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	7,465	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	5,395	...	...	10.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,175	...	...	4.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,655	51,980	55,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,980	46,025	49,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,595	24,255	24,340	50.6	52.7	48.7
Married	37,910	18,915	18,995	39.5	41.1	38.0
Living common-law	10,690	5,340	5,345	11.1	11.6	10.7
Living common law - Never married	8,605	4,255	4,350	9.0	9.2	8.7
Living common law - Separated	270	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,620	845	775	1.7	1.8	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	47,380	21,770	25,610	49.4	47.3	51.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,920	17,335	15,590	34.3	37.7	31.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,265	910	1,350	2.4	2.0	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,415	2,360	4,050	6.7	5.1	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,780	1,160	4,620	6.0	2.5	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,865	...	...	56.9	...	...
3 persons	6,560	...	...	22.1	...	...
4 persons	4,770	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,455	...	...	4.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,720	...	...	80.0	...	...
Married couples	18,375	...	...	62.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,100	...	...	30.7	...	...
Without children	9,275	...	...	31.3	...	...
Common-law couples	5,345	...	...	18.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,600	...	...	5.4	...	...
Without children	3,740	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,930	...	...	20.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,780	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,150	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,655	51,980	55,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,235	39,240	40,995	74.5	75.5	73.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,440	23,685	23,755	44.1	45.6	42.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,930	1,155	4,780	5.5	2.2	8.6
Children⁶	26,865	14,405	12,460	25.0	27.7	22.4
In a two-parent family	18,245	9,715	8,530	16.9	18.7	15.3
In a one-parent family	8,620	4,690	3,930	8.0	9.0	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,420	12,740	14,685	25.5	24.5	26.4
Living alone	16,605	6,815	9,795	15.4	13.1	17.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,895	1,250	1,645	2.7	2.4	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	7,920	4,675	3,245	7.4	9.0	5.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,880	...	...	54.5	...	...
Couple-family households	21,945	...	...	44.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,945	...	...	20.2	...	...
Without children	11,995	...	...	24.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,935	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	850	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,240	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,560	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	16,605	...	...	33.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,125	44,500	48,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,950	42,850	47,100	96.6	96.3	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,800	38,000	40,000	42,800	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,975	42,855	47,115	96.6	96.3	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	34,000	35,600	37,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,910	37,645	40,265	83.7	84.6	82.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	31,800	35,600	40,000	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,990	31,965	32,030	68.7	71.8	65.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,615	31,965	39,645	76.9	71.8	81.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,800	12,000	11,900	11,800	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,485	5,975	5,510	12.3	13.4	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,160	6,000	6,000	6,160	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,820	12,945	12,875	27.7	29.1	26.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,825	42,795	47,030	96.6	96.3	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	62,700	48,840	55,450	62,700	48,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,855	42,810	47,045	96.6	96.3	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	49,160	40,480	44,600	49,160	40,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,840	37,440	40,395	83.7	84.2	83.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,650	61,450	44,520	52,650	61,450	44,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,875	31,780	32,090	68.7	71.5	66.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	59,300	44,520	51,850	59,300	44,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,500	31,965	39,535	76.9	71.9	81.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,310	11,950	12,600	12,310	11,950	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,620	5,875	5,750	12.5	13.2	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,990	7,760	8,220	7,990	7,760	8,220
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,570	12,620	12,950	27.5	28.4	26.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,060	9,020	9,100	9,060	9,020	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,995	15,285	14,715	32.2	34.4	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	72,000	60,400	66,000	72,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,600	92,800	72,100	82,600	92,800	72,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,125	12,320	12,815	27.0	27.7	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,800	17,000	14,800	15,800	17,000	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	32,120	24,060	28,000	32,120	24,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	85.8	78.4	82.4	85.8	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	70.2	62.2	66.6	70.2	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	14.2	21.7	17.7	14.2	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.0	5.3	4.7	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.1	4.7	4.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,125	44,505	48,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,175	1,655	1,520	3.4	3.7	3.1
With total income	89,955	42,845	47,105	96.6	96.3	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,940	3,335	3,605	7.7	7.8	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,965	4,895	6,075	12.2	11.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,140	6,600	8,540	16.8	15.4	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	11,860	5,260	6,600	13.2	12.3	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,190	4,345	5,840	11.3	10.1	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,630	3,425	4,205	8.5	8.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,915	2,860	3,055	6.6	6.7	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	2,310	2,265	5.1	5.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,640	1,865	1,770	4.0	4.4	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,070	1,485	1,580	3.4	3.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	10,020	6,450	3,565	11.1	15.1	7.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,260	3,815	2,450	7.0	8.9	5.2
$150,000 and over	3,755	2,640	1,120	4.2	6.2	2.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,125	44,505	48,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,150	1,645	1,505	3.4	3.7	3.1
With after-tax income	89,975	42,855	47,120	96.6	96.3	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,370	3,440	3,930	8.2	8.0	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,435	5,165	6,270	12.7	12.1	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	18,090	7,995	10,100	20.1	18.7	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,065	6,170	7,895	15.6	14.4	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,340	5,000	6,335	12.6	11.7	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,105	3,950	4,155	9.0	9.2	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,755	2,900	2,855	6.4	6.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,385	2,165	2,215	4.9	5.1	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645	1,480	1,165	2.9	3.5	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	1,075	620	1.9	2.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	5,080	3,510	1,565	5.6	8.2	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,345	1,575	770	2.6	3.7	1.6
$125,000 and over	2,735	1,940	795	3.0	4.5	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,125	44,505	48,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,135	12,535	16,595	31.3	28.2	34.1
With employment income	63,995	31,965	32,025	68.7	71.8	65.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,185	4,755	5,435	15.9	14.9	17.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,355	2,540	2,815	8.4	7.9	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,645	3,660	3,990	11.9	11.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,790	2,770	3,020	9.0	8.7	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,215	2,465	2,750	8.1	7.7	8.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,200	2,360	2,845	8.1	7.4	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385	2,020	2,365	6.9	6.3	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,770	1,905	1,865	5.9	6.0	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	1,630	1,560	5.0	5.1	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,845	1,445	1,400	4.4	4.5	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	1,190	1,310	3.9	3.7	4.1
$100,000 and over	7,915	5,225	2,690	12.4	16.3	8.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,255	1,940	1,315	5.1	6.1	4.1
$125,000 and over	4,660	3,285	1,375	7.3	10.3	4.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,125	44,500	48,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,160	41,885	46,275	94.7	94.1	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	35,200	38,000	42,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,230	41,900	46,330	94.7	94.2	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	31,600	34,000	36,800	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,050	37,185	39,870	82.7	83.6	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,400	36,400	41,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,395	32,050	32,345	69.1	72.0	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,800	36,400	40,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,355	27,505	35,850	68.0	61.8	73.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	7,450	8,200	7,950	7,450	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,390	4,775	4,620	10.1	10.7	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	7,150	6,600	6,900	7,150	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,095	41,810	46,285	94.7	94.1	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	62,350	46,080	53,800	62,350	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,145	41,815	46,335	94.8	94.1	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	48,040	37,960	42,760	48,040	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,955	36,910	40,045	82.7	83.0	82.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	64,100	44,720	54,000	64,100	44,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,400	31,810	32,585	69.2	71.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	61,300	44,440	52,800	61,300	44,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,230	27,480	35,750	68.0	61.8	73.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240	8,800	9,570	9,240	8,800	9,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,430	4,695	4,735	10.1	10.6	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,620	8,510	8,730	8,620	8,510	8,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,830	15,155	14,675	32.1	34.1	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	69,500	56,000	62,000	69,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,100	89,700	68,200	79,100	89,700	68,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,575	11,500	12,070	25.3	25.9	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,200	19,200	20,800	23,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,960	41,200	29,040	34,960	41,200	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	90.8	84.0	87.6	90.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	74.8	68.0	71.6	74.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)	12.3	9.3	16.0	12.3	9.3	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...	81,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,680	...	...	50,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,720	...	...	41,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,700	...	...	126,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	595	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,035	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,470	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,130	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,980	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,095	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,060	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,015	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,440	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,060	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,495	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,750	...	...	36.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,945	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,625	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,510	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,675	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	605	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,045	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,220	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,715	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,520	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,270	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,490	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,360	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,975	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,615	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,505	...	...	27.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,900	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,260	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,340	...	...	10.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,530	11,490	13,040	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	32,400	34,400	33,600	32,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	29,600	31,800	30,800	29,600	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,600	...	...	175,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,455	11,250	13,205	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	44,040	44,720	44,400	44,040	44,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,560	37,760	37,200	36,560	37,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,660	51,980	55,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,540	9,040	8,495	16.3	17.4	15.3
0 to 5 years	5,410	2,795	2,610	5.0	5.4	4.7
18 to 64 years	70,080	34,165	35,910	65.1	65.7	64.5
65 years and over	20,040	8,770	11,270	18.6	16.9	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,885	7,290	8,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,345	1,770	1,580	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,150	630	525	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,560	4,460	5,100	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,975	1,065	1,910	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	14.0	15.4	14.8	14.0	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	19.1	19.6	18.6	19.1	19.6	18.6
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	22.4	20.1	21.3	22.4	20.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	13.1	14.2	13.6	13.1	14.2
65 years and over (%)	14.8	12.1	17.0	14.8	12.1	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,655	51,980	55,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,540	9,045	8,495	16.3	17.4	15.3
0 to 5 years	5,405	2,795	2,610	5.0	5.4	4.7
18 to 64 years	70,075	34,165	35,910	65.1	65.7	64.5
65 years and over	20,045	8,770	11,270	18.6	16.9	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,565	3,950	3,610	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,155	635	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	405	225	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,055	3,180	2,875	...	...	...
65 years and over	355	140	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	7.6	6.5	7.0	7.6	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	7.0	6.2	6.6	7.0	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	8.0	7.1	7.6	8.0	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	9.3	8.0	8.6	9.3	8.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,660	51,980	55,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,700	26,670	30,030	52.7	51.3	53.9
In bottom decile	15,735	7,730	8,005	14.6	14.9	14.4
In second decile	11,745	5,305	6,440	10.9	10.2	11.6
In third decile	10,170	4,630	5,545	9.4	8.9	10.0
In fourth decile	9,670	4,500	5,165	9.0	8.7	9.3
In fifth decile	9,380	4,510	4,870	8.7	8.7	8.7
In top half of the distribution	50,955	25,305	25,645	47.3	48.7	46.1
In sixth decile	9,535	4,605	4,930	8.9	8.9	8.9
In seventh decile	9,550	4,730	4,820	8.9	9.1	8.7
In eighth decile	10,035	4,940	5,095	9.3	9.5	9.2
In ninth decile	10,615	5,315	5,305	9.9	10.2	9.5
In top decile	11,220	5,720	5,500	10.4	11.0	9.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,655	...	...	107,655	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.372	...	...	0.372	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.490	...	...	0.490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,065	52,270	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	97,580	47,860	49,715	90.3	91.6	89.1
French only	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,910	4,125	5,790	9.2	7.9	10.4
Neither English nor French	530	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,065	52,270	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,690	51,600	55,090	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	695	340	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,065	52,270	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,395	51,385	55,005	98.5	98.3	98.6
Official languages	99,200	47,480	51,715	91.8	90.8	92.7
English	98,560	47,165	51,390	91.2	90.2	92.1
French	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	7,195	3,905	3,290	6.7	7.5	5.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,175	3,890	3,280	6.6	7.4	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,530	835	695	1.4	1.6	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,465	805	660	1.4	1.5	1.2
Amharic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,260	705	555	1.2	1.3	1.0
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	525	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	190	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,155	1,815	1,340	2.9	3.5	2.4
Albanian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,890	1,160	730	1.7	2.2	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,480	940	540	1.4	1.8	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	535	350	185	0.5	0.7	0.3
Gujarati	120	90	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	185	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	185	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	185	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	410	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	355	190	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	615	300	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	405	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	355	190	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	965	485	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	940	470	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	700	350	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,670	885	790	1.5	1.7	1.4
English and French	360	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,135	615	515	1.1	1.2	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,065	52,270	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	98,930	47,505	51,425	91.5	90.9	92.2
French	175	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,975	1,055	925	1.8	2.0	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,975	1,050	920	1.8	2.0	1.6
English and French	960	420	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	5,570	2,995	2,580	5.2	5.7	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,065	52,270	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,625	51,530	55,090	98.7	98.6	98.7
Official languages	102,535	49,360	53,175	94.9	94.4	95.3
English	102,210	49,220	52,995	94.6	94.2	95.0
French	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	4,090	2,175	1,920	3.8	4.2	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,085	2,170	1,915	3.8	4.2	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,035	535	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	995	510	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	865	455	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,670	935	740	1.5	1.8	1.3
Albanian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,170	685	485	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	845	520	330	0.8	1.0	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	190	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gujarati	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	615	315	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	600	310	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	475	245	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,440	740	700	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and French	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	640	610	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,070	52,270	55,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	102,290	49,250	53,040	94.7	94.2	95.1
English	1,805	945	865	1.7	1.8	1.6
French	765	325	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	2,365	1,280	1,090	2.2	2.4	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,340	1,265	1,080	2.2	2.4	1.9
English and French	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	270	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	375	230	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,655	51,940	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,115	51,645	55,470	99.5	99.4	99.6
English	107,060	51,615	55,450	99.4	99.4	99.5
French	9,940	4,300	5,645	9.2	8.3	10.1
Non-official languages	11,645	6,110	5,535	10.8	11.8	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,575	6,080	5,495	10.8	11.7	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,215	880	1.9	2.3	1.6
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,045	1,185	860	1.9	2.3	1.5
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,745	1,015	730	1.6	2.0	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	230	135	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	805	355	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	635	280	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,790	3,120	2,670	5.4	6.0	4.8
Albanian	60	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	625	350	275	0.6	0.7	0.5
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	620	350	270	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	365	200	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	845	430	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	580	295	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
German	575	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	185	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,750	1,630	1,115	2.6	3.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,390	865	2.1	2.7	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	770	485	285	0.7	0.9	0.5
Gujarati	240	200	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
Hindi	1,070	745	325	1.0	1.4	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590	355	230	0.5	0.7	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	370	205	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	500	245	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	455	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	810	930	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,235	550	685	1.1	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	975	525	450	0.9	1.0	0.8
Akan (Twi)	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	240	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages	295	110	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	285	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,140	605	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
Chinese languages	1,100	585	515	1.0	1.1	0.9
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	905	490	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,660	51,935	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,585	1,655	1,930	3.3	3.2	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,350	1,535	1,815	3.1	3.0	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,225	1,000	1,225	2.1	1.9	2.2
Métis	570	265	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	560	275	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	104,075	50,290	53,790	96.7	96.8	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,660	51,935	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,335	610	725	1.2	1.2	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,320	51,325	54,995	98.8	98.8	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,920	...	...	60.7	...	...
Renter	19,335	...	...	39.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,130	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not condominium	46,130	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,200	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,175	...	...	24.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,110	...	...	38.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,545	...	...	25.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,735	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,145	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	7,645	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	6,220	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,510	...	...	33.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,865	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,030	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,230	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,920	...	...	22.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,875	...	...	30.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,195	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,055	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,050	...	...	6.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,565	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,715	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,880	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,810	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,450	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,540	...	...	53.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,825	...	...	42.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,895	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,390	...	...	4.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,675	...	...	15.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,295	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,095	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,455	...	...	19.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,670	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,335	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,340	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,305	...	...	78.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,770	...	...	21.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,695	...	...	19.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,645	...	...	27.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,055	...	...	20.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,005	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,610	...	...	72.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,435	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not in core need	42,565	...	...	88.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4	...	...	61.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,414	...	...	1,414	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	306,000	...	...	306,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	343,200	...	...	343,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.6	...	...	22.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	34.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.3	...	...	22.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	988	...	...	988	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,655	51,935	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,610	725	885	1.5	1.4	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,570	705	865	1.5	1.4	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,075	450	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis single ancestry	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,810	1,780	2,030	3.5	3.4	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,725	1,745	1,980	3.5	3.4	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,975	1,385	1,590	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	355	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,235	49,425	52,805	95.0	95.2	94.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,655	51,940	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,150	47,865	52,285	93.0	92.2	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,560	8,545	8,015	15.4	16.5	14.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,585	39,320	44,270	77.6	75.7	79.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,510	4,075	3,435	7.0	7.8	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,655	51,940	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,020	45,795	50,220	89.2	88.2	90.1
Immigrants⁸¹	7,510	3,805	3,705	7.0	7.3	6.6
Before 1980	1,205	570	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
1980 to 1990	385	245	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
1991 to 2000	555	285	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,360	700	655	1.3	1.3	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,015	2,000	2,010	3.7	3.9	3.6
2011 to 2015	1,330	680	655	1.2	1.3	1.2
2016 to 2021	2,680	1,325	1,360	2.5	2.6	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,125	2,330	1,795	3.8	4.5	3.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,510	3,805	3,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	835	445	395	11.1	11.7	10.7
5 to 14 years	1,460	720	740	19.4	18.9	20.0
15 to 24 years	1,060	550	510	14.1	14.5	13.8
25 to 44 years	3,590	1,805	1,790	47.8	47.4	48.3
45 years and over	565	295	270	7.5	7.8	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,510	3,805	3,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	985	450	535	13.1	11.8	14.4
Brazil	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	105	45	65	1.4	1.2	1.8
El Salvador	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	40	50	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
United States of America	505	255	250	6.7	6.7	6.7
Other places of birth in Americas	175	65	110	2.3	1.7	3.0
Europe	1,795	990	805	23.9	26.0	21.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Croatia	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
France	125	60	60	1.7	1.6	1.6
Germany	95	65	35	1.3	1.7	0.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Italy	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	40	25	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Poland	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portugal	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Romania	55	30	25	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	100	50	50	1.3	1.3	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	805	445	360	10.7	11.7	9.7
Other places of birth in Europe	375	215	160	5.0	5.7	4.3
Africa	1,380	720	655	18.4	18.9	17.7
Algeria	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	35	1.0	0.9	0.9
Egypt	105	70	35	1.4	1.8	0.9
Eritrea	155	95	60	2.1	2.5	1.6
Ethiopia	75	40	35	1.0	1.1	0.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	315	160	155	4.2	4.2	4.2
Somalia	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	540	265	275	7.2	7.0	7.4
Asia	3,300	1,630	1,675	43.9	42.8	45.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	95	55	45	1.3	1.4	1.2
Iraq	110	50	60	1.5	1.3	1.6
Lebanon	65	35	30	0.9	0.9	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	450	220	225	6.0	5.8	6.1
Turkey	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	415	195	225	5.5	5.1	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	35	35	1.0	0.9	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	40	0.7	0.4	1.1
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.7
Philippines	625	265	360	8.3	7.0	9.7
Viet Nam	70	35	40	0.9	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	195	115	80	2.6	3.0	2.2
India	480	280	205	6.4	7.4	5.5
Pakistan	150	55	95	2.0	1.4	2.6
Sri Lanka	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	405	225	180	5.4	5.9	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	15	40	0.7	0.4	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,680	1,320	1,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	95	110	7.8	7.2	8.1
Brazil	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	35	35	2.6	2.7	2.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	40	35	2.8	3.0	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.5
Europe	190	100	90	7.1	7.6	6.6
France	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.1
Germany	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Italy	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.9	1.1	1.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	35	10	1.7	2.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	30	1.7	1.5	2.2
Africa	725	370	350	27.1	28.0	25.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	25	25	1.9	1.9	1.8
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	100	60	45	3.7	4.5	3.3
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	225	120	100	8.4	9.1	7.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	30	2.4	2.7	2.2
Tunisia	35	15	15	1.3	1.1	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	180	85	95	6.7	6.4	7.0
Asia	1,550	745	805	57.8	56.4	59.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	70	35	30	2.6	2.7	2.2
China⁹⁰	140	60	80	5.2	4.5	5.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	135	65	7.5	10.2	4.8
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	1.3	1.5	1.1
Iraq	50	15	30	1.9	1.1	2.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
Lebanon	55	30	20	2.1	2.3	1.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	80	30	45	3.0	2.3	3.3
Philippines	350	135	215	13.1	10.2	15.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	14.6	15.5	13.6
Turkey	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.5
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	40	2.4	1.5	2.9
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,660	51,940	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,445	6,545	5,905	11.6	12.6	10.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,000	3,550	3,445	6.5	6.8	6.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	88,220	41,840	46,370	81.9	80.6	83.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,305	3,230	3,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,555	1,855	1,695	56.4	57.4	55.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,665	1,040	625	26.4	32.2	20.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,885	815	1,070	29.9	25.2	34.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,110	530	575	17.6	16.4	18.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,610	825	785	25.5	25.5	25.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,305	3,230	3,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	80	60	2.2	2.5	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,125	565	555	17.8	17.5	18.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	310	195	115	4.9	6.0	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	840	475	365	13.3	14.7	11.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,860	1,900	1,960	61.2	58.8	63.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,660	51,935	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,915	5,840	5,075	10.1	11.2	9.1
South Asian	2,985	1,740	1,245	2.8	3.4	2.2
Chinese	1,410	745	660	1.3	1.4	1.2
Black	2,510	1,325	1,175	2.3	2.6	2.1
Filipino	840	385	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Arab	1,410	825	585	1.3	1.6	1.0
Latin American	515	250	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	300	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	485	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Korean	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,745	46,095	50,640	89.9	88.8	90.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,655	51,940	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,935	9,480	10,460	18.5	18.3	18.8
English	39,365	18,575	20,785	36.6	35.8	37.3
Irish	36,600	17,325	19,275	34.0	33.4	34.6
Scottish	9,100	4,300	4,790	8.5	8.3	8.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,075	2,305	2,770	4.7	4.4	5.0
German	2,200	1,060	1,135	2.0	2.0	2.0
Chinese	1,445	740	705	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italian	825	410	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	1,630	930	695	1.5	1.8	1.2
Ukrainian	680	380	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Dutch	550	310	235	0.5	0.6	0.4
Polish	550	295	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Québécois	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,995	1,830	2,160	3.7	3.5	3.9
Filipino	830	385	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
French Canadian	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,335	2,470	2,865	5.0	4.8	5.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	965	480	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	590	270	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,210	1,100	1,115	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	385	225	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Norwegian	495	280	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	2,005	1,080	920	1.9	2.1	1.7
Portuguese	465	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	715	295	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	500	250	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Swedish	290	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	505	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	315	190	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Punjabi	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	665	370	300	0.6	0.7	0.5
Greek	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	395	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	345	185	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	255	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	385	160	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,980	885	1,100	1.8	1.7	2.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	250	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	225	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	240	145	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	6,175	2,920	3,255	5.7	5.6	5.8
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	725	375	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bangladeshi	500	300	195	0.5	0.6	0.3
Algerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	350	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	120	95	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australian	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	120	100	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	420	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,660	51,935	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	75,965	35,200	40,760	70.6	67.8	73.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,990	1,965	2,020	3.7	3.8	3.6
Anabaptist	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	13,515	6,070	7,450	12.6	11.7	13.4
Baptist	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	41,450	19,330	22,120	38.5	37.2	39.7
Christian Orthodox	435	250	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,515	1,215	1,295	2.3	2.3	2.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,180	930	1,250	2.0	1.8	2.2
Presbyterian	575	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	9,635	4,375	5,265	8.9	8.4	9.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	990	465	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hindu	890	535	360	0.8	1.0	0.6
Jewish	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	3,215	1,720	1,495	3.0	3.3	2.7
Sikh	475	270	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	190	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	26,170	13,800	12,370	24.3	26.6	22.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,800	51,500	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,120	44,370	47,750	86.3	86.2	86.3
Movers	14,680	7,130	7,550	13.7	13.8	13.7
Non-migrants	10,100	4,870	5,230	9.5	9.5	9.5
Migrants	4,575	2,260	2,320	4.3	4.4	4.2
Internal migrants	3,830	1,850	1,980	3.6	3.6	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,275	1,090	1,185	2.1	2.1	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,550	760	795	1.5	1.5	1.4
External migrants	745	410	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,220	49,630	53,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,755	30,225	33,530	61.8	60.9	62.6
Movers	39,465	19,405	20,060	38.2	39.1	37.4
Non-migrants	19,530	9,660	9,870	18.9	19.5	18.4
Migrants	19,935	9,750	10,190	19.3	19.6	19.0
Internal migrants	14,640	6,940	7,700	14.2	14.0	14.4
Intraprovincial migrants	10,215	4,720	5,500	9.9	9.5	10.3
Interprovincial migrants	4,420	2,220	2,200	4.3	4.5	4.1
External migrants	5,300	2,810	2,490	5.1	5.7	4.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,025	6,125	5,900	12.9	13.8	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,995	38,320	42,675	87.1	86.2	87.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,335	28,475	30,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,950	2,740	2,210	8.3	9.6	7.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,385	25,740	28,650	91.7	90.4	92.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,015	44,445	48,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,195	5,615	5,580	12.0	12.6	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,660	12,530	12,130	26.5	28.2	25.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,160	26,300	30,860	61.5	59.2	63.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,665	12,700	14,970	29.7	28.6	30.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,820	3,875	1,945	6.3	8.7	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,250	1,715	1,535	3.5	3.9	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,570	2,155	415	2.8	4.8	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,385	7,875	11,510	20.8	17.7	23.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,460	950	1,510	2.6	2.1	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,495	13,600	15,895	31.7	30.6	32.7
Bachelor's degree	17,775	7,995	9,775	19.1	18.0	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,360	680	680	1.5	1.5	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	970	480	490	1.0	1.1	1.0
Master's degree	7,665	3,350	4,315	8.2	7.5	8.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,730	1,090	635	1.9	2.5	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,340	28,475	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,360	2,360	2,000	7.3	8.3	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,225	6,560	5,670	20.6	23.0	18.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,750	19,555	23,195	72.0	68.7	75.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,080	9,355	10,725	33.8	32.9	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,235	2,890	1,350	7.1	10.1	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,345	1,290	1,055	4.0	4.5	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,890	1,595	290	3.2	5.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,330	5,865	8,465	24.1	20.6	27.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,510	605	910	2.5	2.1	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,670	10,205	12,470	38.2	35.8	40.4
Bachelor's degree	13,415	6,060	7,360	22.6	21.3	23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,055	475	575	1.8	1.7	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	360	440	1.3	1.3	1.4
Master's degree	6,145	2,570	3,575	10.4	9.0	11.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,260	740	515	2.1	2.6	1.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,860	18,150	17,710	38.6	40.8	36.5
Education	4,700	1,340	3,360	5.1	3.0	6.9
13. Education	4,700	1,340	3,360	5.1	3.0	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	695	860	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	135	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,390	560	830	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	3,165	1,350	1,810	3.4	3.0	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	70	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	930	355	575	1.0	0.8	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	705	280	425	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	310	170	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	165	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	325	200	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	40	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,785	2,005	3,785	6.2	4.5	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	20	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	180	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	865	80	785	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	950	405	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,145	275	870	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,195	1,025	1,170	2.4	2.3	2.4
Business, management and public administration	13,115	4,530	8,585	14.1	10.2	17.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	905	185	720	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,185	4,345	7,845	13.1	9.8	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,745	1,400	1,345	3.0	3.1	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,255	515	740	1.3	1.2	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	945	650	295	1.0	1.5	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,895	1,810	1,080	3.1	4.1	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,285	1,540	745	2.5	3.5	1.5
25. Library science	210	20	185	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	210	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,395	9,040	1,350	11.2	20.3	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	180	125	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	3,275	2,600	675	3.5	5.8	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,775	2,315	455	3.0	5.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,060	1,995	60	2.2	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,370	1,335	40	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	730	675	60	0.8	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	385	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	415	135	280	0.4	0.3	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	250	150	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	8,750	1,855	6,895	9.4	4.2	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	230	330	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,810	1,415	6,390	8.4	3.2	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	205	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,240	1,890	1,355	3.5	4.3	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,695	585	1,110	1.8	1.3	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	375	145	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,015	925	100	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,335	28,475	30,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,590	8,920	7,670	28.0	31.3	24.9
Education	2,820	735	2,085	4.8	2.6	6.8
13. Education	2,820	735	2,085	4.8	2.6	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,270	570	700	2.1	2.0	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,150	475	675	1.9	1.7	2.2
Humanities	2,245	950	1,290	3.8	3.3	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	60	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	660	245	415	1.1	0.9	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	515	195	315	0.9	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	130	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	260	175	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	20	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,555	1,465	3,100	7.7	5.1	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	20	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	145	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	60	645	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	765	270	490	1.3	0.9	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	870	195	675	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,685	760	930	2.8	2.7	3.0
Business, management and public administration	9,895	3,400	6,500	16.7	11.9	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	115	550	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,220	3,285	5,940	15.5	11.5	19.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,015	1,025	990	3.4	3.6	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	915	370	545	1.5	1.3	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	735	490	245	1.2	1.7	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,480	1,550	930	4.2	5.4	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,020	1,360	660	3.4	4.8	2.1
25. Library science	170	20	155	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	260	145	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,870	6,685	1,185	13.3	23.5	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	135	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,620	2,000	615	4.4	7.0	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,705	395	3.5	6.0	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,605	1,545	50	2.7	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	870	845	20	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	535	485	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	635	285	350	1.1	1.0	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	90	210	0.5	0.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	195	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	6,360	1,375	4,975	10.7	4.8	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	180	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,620	1,035	4,585	9.5	3.6	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	165	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,605	1,525	1,085	4.4	5.4	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,380	480	900	2.3	1.7	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	405	300	105	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	825	740	85	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,335	28,475	30,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,590	8,920	7,670	28.0	31.3	24.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,750	19,555	23,195	72.0	68.7	75.2
Location of study inside Canada	38,925	17,750	21,180	65.6	62.3	68.6
Same as province or territory of residence	32,065	14,600	17,465	54.0	51.3	56.6
Different than province or territory of residence	6,865	3,150	3,715	11.6	11.1	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,825	1,810	2,015	6.4	6.4	6.5
Americas	805	355	445	1.4	1.2	1.4
United States of America	540	260	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	65	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	975	545	430	1.6	1.9	1.4
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	295	190	0.8	1.0	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	475	225	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	170	55	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	1,505	650	855	2.5	2.3	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraq	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	165	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	370	150	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	305	150	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,015	44,445	48,570	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,385	28,940	28,435	...	...	...
Employed	50,760	25,095	25,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,620	3,845	2,775	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,640	15,505	20,135	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.7	65.1	58.5	61.7	65.1	58.5
Employment rate	54.6	56.5	52.8	54.6	56.5	52.8
Unemployment rate	11.5	13.3	9.8	11.5	13.3	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,020	44,445	48,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,830	15,780	20,055	38.5	35.5	41.3
Worked	57,190	28,665	28,520	61.5	64.5	58.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,560	15,580	14,980	32.9	35.1	30.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,630	13,085	13,540	28.6	29.4	27.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	40.6	40.9	40.8	40.6	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,380	28,945	28,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	885	710	2.8	3.1	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,790	28,060	27,735	97.2	96.9	97.5
Employee	50,395	24,825	25,570	87.8	85.8	89.9
Permanent position	38,155	18,785	19,375	66.5	64.9	68.1
Temporary position	12,240	6,045	6,200	21.3	20.9	21.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,045	1,755	2,290	7.0	6.1	8.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,195	4,285	3,905	14.3	14.8	13.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,395	3,235	2,160	9.4	11.2	7.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,380	28,945	28,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	885	710	2.8	3.1	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,790	28,060	27,735	97.2	96.9	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	690	500	190	1.2	1.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,300	3,085	6,215	16.2	10.7	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,340	4,055	1,285	9.3	14.0	4.5
3 Health occupations	5,385	1,345	4,035	9.4	4.6	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,440	3,020	5,420	14.7	10.4	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,070	910	1,165	3.6	3.1	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	16,410	7,840	8,565	28.6	27.1	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,460	5,900	560	11.3	20.4	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	755	655	95	1.3	2.3	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	945	745	200	1.6	2.6	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,380	28,945	28,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	885	710	2.8	3.1	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	55,790	28,060	27,735	97.2	96.9	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	350	105	0.8	1.2	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,210	945	270	2.1	3.3	0.9
22 Utilities	635	430	210	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	2,785	2,465	315	4.9	8.5	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	1,470	1,120	355	2.6	3.9	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,110	840	265	1.9	2.9	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,130	3,410	3,720	12.4	11.8	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,165	1,650	515	3.8	5.7	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,255	670	580	2.2	2.3	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,590	705	880	2.8	2.4	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	425	310	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,610	2,730	1,880	8.0	9.4	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,310	1,475	840	4.0	5.1	3.0
61 Educational services	5,210	1,965	3,240	9.1	6.8	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,895	2,195	6,705	15.5	7.6	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,290	590	705	2.2	2.0	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	4,640	2,365	2,275	8.1	8.2	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,195	940	1,255	3.8	3.2	4.4
91 Public administration	6,020	2,760	3,260	10.5	9.5	11.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,115	30,670	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,685	30,085	29,595	97.7	98.1	97.2
French	160	50	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	930	360	570	1.5	1.2	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	250	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,115	30,670	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,925	30,585	30,345	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	60,845	30,550	30,295	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	60,480	30,455	30,020	99.0	99.3	98.6
French	370	95	270	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,115	30,670	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,085	30,250	29,835	98.3	98.6	98.0
English	230	50	180	0.4	0.2	0.6
French	590	260	330	1.0	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	155	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,760	25,095	25,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,140	4,765	5,370	20.0	19.0	20.9
Worked outside Canada	125	95	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,380	3,630	1,750	10.6	14.5	6.8
Usual place of work	35,120	16,600	18,515	69.2	66.1	72.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,120	16,600	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,735	13,535	16,205	84.7	81.5	87.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,775	2,640	2,130	13.6	15.9	11.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	350	245	100	1.0	1.5	0.5
Commute to a different province or territory	260	185	80	0.7	1.1	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,495	20,235	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,195	16,865	17,335	84.4	83.3	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,105	15,325	14,775	74.3	75.7	72.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,090	1,535	2,560	10.1	7.6	12.6
Public transit	2,170	1,065	1,105	5.4	5.3	5.5
Walked	2,830	1,465	1,365	7.0	7.2	6.7
Bicycle	100	75	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Other method	1,195	775	425	3.0	3.8	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,495	20,235	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,255	10,080	11,175	52.5	49.8	55.1
15 to 29 minutes	15,435	7,915	7,515	38.1	39.1	37.1
30 to 44 minutes	2,315	1,320	995	5.7	6.5	4.9
45 to 59 minutes	505	240	265	1.2	1.2	1.3
60 minutes and over	985	675	315	2.4	3.3	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,495	20,235	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,015	740	270	2.5	3.7	1.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,555	2,240	1,315	8.8	11.1	6.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,565	6,035	5,530	28.6	29.8	27.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,500	5,685	6,810	30.9	28.1	33.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,860	2,520	3,345	14.5	12.5	16.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,005	3,010	2,990	14.8	14.9	14.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,940	9,235	8,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	830	405	430	4.6	4.4	4.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,105	8,830	8,275	95.3	95.6	95.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,165	6,750	6,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	600	285	310	4.6	4.2	4.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	155	185	2.6	2.3	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	130	125	1.9	1.9	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,560	6,460	6,100	95.4	95.7	95.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table