Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John's South--Mount PearlMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	81,544	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	81,979	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.5	...	...	- 0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,635	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,524	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	192.9	...	...	192.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	422.71	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	81,545	39,150	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,880	5,600	5,285	13.3	14.3	12.5
0 to 4 years	3,295	1,695	1,605	4.0	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	3,690	1,915	1,780	4.5	4.9	4.2
10 to 14 years	3,895	1,990	1,900	4.8	5.1	4.5
15 to 64 years	54,460	26,430	28,035	66.8	67.5	66.1
15 to 19 years	3,915	2,010	1,900	4.8	5.1	4.5
20 to 24 years	4,945	2,515	2,430	6.1	6.4	5.7
25 to 29 years	5,225	2,585	2,640	6.4	6.6	6.2
30 to 34 years	5,780	2,810	2,970	7.1	7.2	7.0
35 to 39 years	5,705	2,835	2,870	7.0	7.2	6.8
40 to 44 years	5,410	2,620	2,795	6.6	6.7	6.6
45 to 49 years	5,075	2,425	2,655	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	5,595	2,675	2,920	6.9	6.8	6.9
55 to 59 years	6,545	3,015	3,525	8.0	7.7	8.3
60 to 64 years	6,270	2,940	3,335	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over	16,200	7,120	9,080	19.9	18.2	21.4
65 to 69 years	5,615	2,615	2,995	6.9	6.7	7.1
70 to 74 years	4,555	2,070	2,490	5.6	5.3	5.9
75 to 79 years	2,970	1,275	1,690	3.6	3.3	4.0
80 to 84 years	1,735	710	1,030	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	1,320	450	875	1.6	1.1	2.1
85 to 89 years	885	330	555	1.1	0.8	1.3
90 to 94 years	355	100	255	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	14.3	12.5	13.3	14.3	12.5
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.5	66.1	66.8	67.5	66.1
65 years and over	19.9	18.2	21.4	19.9	18.2	21.4
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.1	1.6	1.1	2.1
Average age of the population	43.4	42.2	44.6	43.4	42.2	44.6
Median age of the population	44.0	42.4	45.6	44.0	42.4	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,280	...	...	44.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,640	...	...	7.2	...	...
Row house	3,395	...	...	9.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,360	...	...	28.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,450	...	...	9.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,510	...	...	31.5	...	...
2 persons	13,530	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 persons	5,905	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	4,105	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,475	...	...	4.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	80,620	38,650	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	70,660	33,550	37,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	37,960	18,915	19,045	53.7	56.4	51.3
Married	30,005	14,940	15,065	42.5	44.5	40.6
Living common-law	7,950	3,975	3,980	11.3	11.8	10.7
Living common law - Never married	6,230	3,085	3,145	8.8	9.2	8.5
Living common law - Separated	215	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,365	705	665	1.9	2.1	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	32,705	14,635	18,070	46.3	43.6	48.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,020	11,370	10,655	31.2	33.9	28.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,690	660	1,030	2.4	2.0	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,830	1,770	3,065	6.8	5.3	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,165	835	3,325	5.9	2.5	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,395	...	...	56.8	...	...
3 persons	5,505	...	...	23.4	...	...
4 persons	3,735	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	935	...	...	4.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,740	...	...	79.5	...	...
Married couples	14,760	...	...	62.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,150	...	...	30.3	...	...
Without children	7,605	...	...	32.3	...	...
Common-law couples	3,975	...	...	16.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	2,625	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,835	...	...	20.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,890	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	945	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	80,625	38,650	41,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,160	30,930	32,230	78.3	80.0	76.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,475	18,700	18,780	46.5	48.4	44.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,835	945	3,890	6.0	2.4	9.3
Children⁶	20,845	11,290	9,560	25.9	29.2	22.8
In a two-parent family	13,895	7,490	6,410	17.2	19.4	15.3
In a one-parent family	6,950	3,800	3,150	8.6	9.8	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,465	7,720	9,745	21.7	20.0	23.2
Living alone	11,510	4,665	6,845	14.3	12.1	16.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,025	835	1,185	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,930	2,220	1,710	4.9	5.7	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,285	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,300	...	...	47.4	...	...
With children⁶	7,850	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	9,450	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,980	...	...	10.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	910	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,910	...	...	5.2	...	...
One-person households	11,510	...	...	31.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,750	33,060	36,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,495	31,875	35,625	96.8	96.4	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,600	37,600	40,000	43,600	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,515	31,880	35,635	96.8	96.4	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,000	34,000	36,000	38,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,785	27,835	29,955	82.8	84.2	81.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,600	35,200	40,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,615	23,600	24,010	68.3	71.4	65.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,600	36,800	40,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,260	24,035	30,225	77.8	72.7	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,800	12,400	12,600	12,800	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,745	5,180	4,565	14.0	15.7	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,240	6,280	6,000	6,240	6,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,590	9,260	9,335	26.7	28.0	25.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,775	33,145	36,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,495	31,940	35,555	96.7	96.4	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	56,700	46,040	51,080	56,700	46,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,515	31,945	35,570	96.8	96.4	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,040	45,720	38,760	42,040	45,720	38,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,805	27,800	30,005	82.8	83.9	81.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	54,150	41,440	47,560	54,150	41,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,595	23,605	23,985	68.2	71.2	65.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	53,300	42,040	47,640	53,300	42,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,335	24,085	30,255	77.9	72.7	82.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,860	12,680	13,020	12,860	12,680	13,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,905	5,230	4,680	14.2	15.8	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	8,320	8,350	8,340	8,320	8,350
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,340	9,085	9,255	26.3	27.4	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,060	9,210	9,130	9,060	9,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,775	33,145	36,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,025	11,565	11,465	33.0	34.9	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	67,000	56,400	61,600	67,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	80,100	65,900	73,000	80,100	65,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,330	9,040	9,290	26.3	27.3	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,000	15,400	17,000	19,000	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,240	31,440	23,140	27,240	31,440	23,140
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	83.2	76.0	79.8	83.2	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.6	61.6	65.8	69.6	61.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.3	16.9	24.0	20.3	16.9	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.0	6.1	5.5	5.0	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.6	5.2	4.9	4.6	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,750	33,065	36,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,255	1,190	1,065	3.2	3.6	2.9
With total income	67,495	31,870	35,625	96.8	96.4	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,600	2,160	2,440	6.8	6.8	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,035	3,340	4,700	11.9	10.5	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,485	4,895	6,590	17.0	15.4	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	9,505	4,205	5,300	14.1	13.2	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,490	3,700	4,795	12.6	11.6	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,355	2,895	3,460	9.4	9.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,625	2,305	2,320	6.9	7.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,540	1,885	1,660	5.2	5.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645	1,385	1,260	3.9	4.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,235	1,125	1,115	3.3	3.5	3.1
$100,000 and over	5,970	3,985	1,985	8.8	12.5	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,045	2,540	1,510	6.0	8.0	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,920	1,440	480	2.8	4.5	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,750	33,065	36,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,235	1,180	1,060	3.2	3.6	2.9
With after-tax income	67,510	31,880	35,630	96.8	96.4	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,905	2,225	2,675	7.3	7.0	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,360	3,540	4,820	12.4	11.1	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,800	5,980	7,820	20.4	18.8	21.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,575	5,125	6,450	17.1	16.1	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,440	4,270	5,170	14.0	13.4	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,405	3,215	3,190	9.5	10.1	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,290	2,210	2,080	6.4	6.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,175	1,610	1,570	4.7	5.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,825	1,060	770	2.7	3.3	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	700	365	1.6	2.2	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,670	1,940	725	4.0	6.1	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,360	960	400	2.0	3.0	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,305	980	325	1.9	3.1	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,750	33,065	36,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,140	9,460	12,680	31.7	28.6	34.6
With employment income	47,610	23,600	24,010	68.3	71.4	65.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,205	3,320	3,890	15.1	14.1	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,710	1,720	1,985	7.8	7.3	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,510	2,575	2,940	11.6	10.9	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,500	2,100	2,400	9.5	8.9	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,260	1,990	2,275	8.9	8.4	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,435	1,995	2,435	9.3	8.5	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,730	1,725	2,005	7.8	7.3	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,000	1,585	1,415	6.3	6.7	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,570	1,365	1,200	5.4	5.8	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,080	1,080	1,000	4.4	4.6	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,855	900	960	3.9	3.8	4.0
$100,000 and over	4,755	3,245	1,505	10.0	13.8	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,225	1,375	845	4.7	5.8	3.5
$125,000 and over	2,530	1,870	660	5.3	7.9	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,750	33,060	36,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,485	31,330	35,155	95.3	94.8	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,800	38,400	42,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,540	31,345	35,190	95.4	94.8	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,600	34,400	37,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,545	27,650	29,895	82.5	83.6	81.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	32,400	36,800	42,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,190	23,770	24,420	69.1	71.9	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,485	20,865	27,625	69.5	63.1	75.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,700	8,800	8,800	8,700	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,340	4,375	3,965	12.0	13.2	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	7,150	6,750	6,950	7,150	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,775	33,145	36,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,535	31,415	35,115	95.4	94.8	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,640	56,550	43,440	49,640	56,550	43,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,575	31,420	35,155	95.4	94.8	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	44,760	36,400	40,360	44,760	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,685	27,685	30,000	82.7	83.5	81.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,920	56,900	41,560	48,920	56,900	41,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,420	23,970	24,450	69.4	72.3	66.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,640	55,450	42,000	48,640	55,450	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,765	20,980	27,785	69.9	63.3	75.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,830	9,560	10,030	9,830	9,560	10,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,605	4,475	4,135	12.3	13.5	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,760	8,670	8,710	8,760	8,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,775	33,145	36,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,960	11,500	11,455	32.9	34.7	31.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,500	53,200	58,800	65,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	77,900	62,150	70,000	77,900	62,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,175	8,505	8,665	24.6	25.7	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	25,800	20,600	22,600	25,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,600	40,960	28,400	34,600	40,960	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	88.8	81.8	85.4	88.8	81.8
Employment income (%)	71.4	74.8	67.4	71.4	74.8	67.4
Government transfers (%)	14.5	11.3	18.3	14.5	11.3	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,120	...	...	46,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,960	...	...	38,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	805	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,540	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,630	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,825	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,575	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,385	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,955	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,860	...	...	35.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,900	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,820	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,385	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,760	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	380	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,050	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,825	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,925	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,875	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,730	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,075	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,770	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,590	...	...	26.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,795	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,465	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,330	...	...	9.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,440	6,885	8,555	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	34,800	34,800	34,800	34,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	31,600	32,000	31,800	31,600	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,500	...	...	63,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,590	6,960	8,635	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,400	44,880	42,240	43,400	44,880	42,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,960	37,640	36,400	36,960	37,640	36,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	80,625	38,655	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,135	6,780	6,360	16.3	17.5	15.2
0 to 5 years	4,010	2,070	1,940	5.0	5.4	4.6
18 to 64 years	51,685	24,880	26,805	64.1	64.4	63.9
65 years and over	15,800	6,990	8,810	19.6	18.1	21.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,910	4,755	6,155	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,330	1,190	1,145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	765	405	365	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,080	2,685	3,390	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,500	875	1,625	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.3	14.7	13.5	12.3	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.6	18.0	17.8	17.6	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	19.2	19.6	18.7	19.2	19.6	18.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.8	10.8	12.7	11.8	10.8	12.7
65 years and over (%)	15.8	12.5	18.4	15.8	12.5	18.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	80,625	38,650	41,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,140	6,775	6,360	16.3	17.5	15.2
0 to 5 years	4,015	2,070	1,945	5.0	5.4	4.6
18 to 64 years	51,685	24,880	26,805	64.1	64.4	63.9
65 years and over	15,800	6,995	8,805	19.6	18.1	21.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,255	2,065	2,185	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	715	370	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	130	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,285	1,605	1,680	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	95	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.3	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.5	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	80,625	38,655	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,755	19,720	23,030	53.0	51.0	54.9
In bottom decile	9,815	4,505	5,305	12.2	11.7	12.6
In second decile	8,925	3,965	4,965	11.1	10.3	11.8
In third decile	8,080	3,680	4,400	10.0	9.5	10.5
In fourth decile	7,970	3,700	4,270	9.9	9.6	10.2
In fifth decile	7,960	3,865	4,100	9.9	10.0	9.8
In top half of the distribution	37,870	18,930	18,935	47.0	49.0	45.1
In sixth decile	7,970	3,875	4,095	9.9	10.0	9.8
In seventh decile	8,055	4,050	4,000	10.0	10.5	9.5
In eighth decile	7,770	3,875	3,895	9.6	10.0	9.3
In ninth decile	7,860	3,960	3,905	9.7	10.2	9.3
In top decile	6,220	3,175	3,045	7.7	8.2	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	80,625	...	...	80,625	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.336	...	...	0.336	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463	...	...	0.463	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	80,845	38,770	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	75,130	36,395	38,735	92.9	93.9	92.1
French only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,470	2,245	3,225	6.8	5.8	7.7
Neither English nor French	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	80,845	38,770	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	80,270	38,465	41,810	99.3	99.2	99.4
French	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	80,845	38,770	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,180	38,440	41,745	99.2	99.1	99.2
Official languages	77,710	37,125	40,590	96.1	95.8	96.5
English	77,405	36,950	40,450	95.7	95.3	96.1
French	310	170	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	2,470	1,315	1,160	3.1	3.4	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,460	1,310	1,155	3.0	3.4	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	275	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	510	270	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	455	240	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,060	600	460	1.3	1.5	1.1
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	560	325	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	420	245	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	160	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	290	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	665	335	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	400	205	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	80,845	38,770	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,445	37,020	40,420	95.8	95.5	96.1
French	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	760	390	370	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	755	390	370	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	505	240	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,900	990	905	2.4	2.6	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	80,845	38,770	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,350	38,515	41,840	99.4	99.3	99.4
Official languages	78,860	37,735	41,125	97.5	97.3	97.7
English	78,755	37,690	41,060	97.4	97.2	97.6
French	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	1,495	780	715	1.8	2.0	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,490	775	715	1.8	2.0	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	390	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	380	190	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	330	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	560	305	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	385	210	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	270	155	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	185	100	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	490	255	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	405	205	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	80,845	38,770	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	78,685	37,655	41,030	97.3	97.1	97.5
English	630	325	305	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	420	195	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	840	435	405	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	825	430	400	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	80,630	38,710	41,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	80,395	38,575	41,815	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	80,385	38,575	41,810	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	5,425	2,315	3,115	6.7	6.0	7.4
Non-official languages	4,355	2,275	2,080	5.4	5.9	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,325	2,265	2,065	5.4	5.9	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	675	380	295	0.8	1.0	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	660	375	290	0.8	1.0	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	560	320	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	335	135	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	100	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,065	1,115	950	2.6	2.9	2.3
Albanian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	125	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	210	125	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	360	205	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Danish	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	800	475	325	1.0	1.2	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	630	390	240	0.8	1.0	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	145	100	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	315	220	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	175	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	790	370	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	100	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Portuguese	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	565	250	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	410	245	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Akan (Twi)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	230	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
American Sign Language	225	100	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	430	235	195	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	395	220	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	170	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,625	38,710	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,475	1,120	1,355	3.1	2.9	3.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,340	1,060	1,285	2.9	2.7	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,575	720	855	2.0	1.9	2.0
Métis	420	160	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	345	180	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	78,155	37,590	40,565	96.9	97.1	96.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,625	38,710	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	945	470	475	1.2	1.2	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	79,680	38,245	41,440	98.8	98.8	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,795	...	...	65.1	...	...
Renter	12,740	...	...	34.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,885	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not condominium	34,650	...	...	94.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,525	...	...	9.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,380	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,440	...	...	42.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,060	...	...	24.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,835	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 rooms	4,950	...	...	13.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,555	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,215	...	...	14.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,970	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,335	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,765	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	765	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,060	...	...	16.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,880	...	...	32.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,030	...	...	16.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,745	...	...	13.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,945	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,045	...	...	5.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,465	...	...	6.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,370	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,760	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,775	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,180	...	...	52.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,220	...	...	44.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,135	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,145	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,135	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,120	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,175	...	...	16.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,705	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,230	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,110	...	...	8.5	...	...
85 years and over	910	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,860	...	...	79.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,580	...	...	20.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,000	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,505	...	...	26.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,990	...	...	19.1	...	...
Not suitable only	630	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,280	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	470	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,025	...	...	74.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,155	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	31,705	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,770	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.1	...	...	63.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,354	...	...	1,354	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	309,600	...	...	309,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,745	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.0	...	...	24.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.4	...	...	33.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	925	...	...	925	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	80,625	38,705	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,235	525	705	1.5	1.4	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,210	510	700	1.5	1.3	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	920	395	530	1.1	1.0	1.3
Métis single ancestry	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	190	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,875	1,315	1,560	3.6	3.4	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,790	1,285	1,500	3.5	3.3	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,160	990	1,175	2.7	2.6	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	190	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	76,515	36,870	39,645	94.9	95.3	94.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	80,625	38,710	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	77,875	37,220	40,655	96.6	96.2	97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,760	6,575	6,185	15.8	17.0	14.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,120	30,645	34,470	80.8	79.2	82.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,750	1,490	1,260	3.4	3.8	3.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	80,625	38,710	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,355	36,450	39,900	94.7	94.2	95.2
Immigrants⁸¹	2,875	1,460	1,415	3.6	3.8	3.4
Before 1980	600	280	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
1980 to 1990	175	115	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
1991 to 2000	220	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
2001 to 2010	440	245	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,445	700	745	1.8	1.8	1.8
2011 to 2015	400	205	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	1,040	495	550	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,400	795	600	1.7	2.1	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,875	1,460	1,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	320	160	155	11.1	11.0	11.0
5 to 14 years	530	270	260	18.4	18.5	18.4
15 to 24 years	485	265	220	16.9	18.2	15.6
25 to 44 years	1,300	640	660	45.2	43.8	46.8
45 years and over	245	130	110	8.5	8.9	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,875	1,460	1,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	505	245	260	17.6	16.8	18.4
Brazil	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	20	25	1.6	1.4	1.8
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	35	30	2.3	2.4	2.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United States of America	275	145	135	9.6	9.9	9.6
Other places of birth in Americas	75	25	50	2.6	1.7	3.5
Europe	770	455	320	26.8	31.2	22.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
France	35	25	10	1.2	1.7	0.7
Germany	40	20	20	1.4	1.4	1.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	1.0	1.4	0.7
Netherlands	20	15	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Portugal	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.1
Romania	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	50	25	25	1.7	1.7	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	335	190	145	11.7	13.0	10.3
Other places of birth in Europe	160	105	55	5.6	7.2	3.9
Africa	535	275	255	18.6	18.8	18.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	1.9	2.1	1.8
Egypt	40	30	10	1.4	2.1	0.7
Eritrea	25	15	10	0.9	1.0	0.7
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	140	75	65	4.9	5.1	4.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.8
Other places of birth in Africa	225	110	110	7.8	7.5	7.8
Asia	1,045	480	560	36.3	32.9	39.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	1.0	1.4	0.7
Iraq	25	15	10	0.9	1.0	0.7
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	120	65	60	4.2	4.5	4.3
Turkey	20	10	0	0.7	0.7	0.0
China⁹⁰	130	55	75	4.5	3.8	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
Taiwan	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	1.1
Philippines	295	110	190	10.3	7.5	13.5
Viet Nam	35	10	25	1.2	0.7	1.8
Bangladesh	30	20	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
India	105	60	45	3.7	4.1	3.2
Pakistan	45	25	20	1.6	1.7	1.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	60	70	4.7	4.1	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	15	0.7	0.7	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,040	495	550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	140	70	65	13.5	14.1	11.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	20	30	5.3	4.0	5.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	30	25	5.3	6.1	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.8
Europe	70	35	35	6.7	7.1	6.4
France	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	1.4	2.0	1.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.4	2.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	285	150	140	27.4	30.3	25.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	15	3.4	4.0	2.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	15	10	2.4	3.0	1.8
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	75	45	30	7.2	9.1	5.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	25	20	0	2.4	4.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	35	50	8.7	7.1	9.1
Asia	545	240	305	52.4	48.5	55.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	10	35	3.8	2.0	6.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	25	10	3.4	5.1	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	1.4	2.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.7
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.4	2.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	3.8	4.0	3.6
Philippines	160	65	95	15.4	13.1	17.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	120	65	60	11.5	13.1	10.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.7
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	80,630	38,710	41,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,690	2,440	2,250	5.8	6.3	5.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,760	1,960	1,800	4.7	5.1	4.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	72,170	34,310	37,865	89.5	88.6	90.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,280	1,175	1,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,180	615	565	51.8	52.3	51.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	585	335	250	25.7	28.5	22.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	600	280	315	26.3	23.8	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	535	265	270	23.5	22.6	24.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	540	280	255	23.7	23.8	23.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,280	1,175	1,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	55	35	3.9	4.7	3.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	480	285	200	21.1	24.3	18.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	55	40	4.4	4.7	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	285	140	145	12.5	11.9	13.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,315	640	675	57.7	54.5	61.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	80,630	38,710	41,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,940	2,075	1,865	4.9	5.4	4.4
South Asian	835	485	355	1.0	1.3	0.8
Chinese	575	295	285	0.7	0.8	0.7
Black	955	540	410	1.2	1.4	1.0
Filipino	430	165	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	460	265	190	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	195	100	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Southeast Asian	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,685	36,635	40,055	95.1	94.6	95.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	80,625	38,710	41,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,315	8,560	9,755	22.7	22.1	23.3
English	29,155	13,985	15,165	36.2	36.1	36.2
Irish	28,560	13,675	14,885	35.4	35.3	35.5
Scottish	6,035	2,830	3,205	7.5	7.3	7.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,540	1,695	1,850	4.4	4.4	4.4
German	1,270	635	635	1.6	1.6	1.5
Chinese	655	345	300	0.8	0.9	0.7
Italian	595	270	320	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indian (India)	505	290	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ukrainian	405	225	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Dutch	385	240	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Polish	280	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,755	1,315	1,440	3.4	3.4	3.4
Filipino	385	155	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,495	2,070	2,415	5.6	5.3	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	680	335	350	0.8	0.9	0.8
Métis	390	155	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,395	705	685	1.7	1.8	1.6
Russian	190	110	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	1,160	605	560	1.4	1.6	1.3
Portuguese	295	115	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
American	495	225	275	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	295	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	180	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Punjabi	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	65	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	120	30	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	105	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sikh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,575	670	900	2.0	1.7	2.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syrian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	5,335	2,500	2,835	6.6	6.5	6.8
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	590	280	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bangladeshi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	80	70	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	75	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	395	215	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Basque	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	80,625	38,710	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	62,725	29,385	33,345	77.8	75.9	79.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,370	1,165	1,205	2.9	3.0	2.9
Anabaptist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	11,205	5,040	6,165	13.9	13.0	14.7
Baptist	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	35,910	16,930	18,980	44.5	43.7	45.3
Christian Orthodox	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,390	1,170	1,215	3.0	3.0	2.9
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,565	685	880	1.9	1.8	2.1
Presbyterian	285	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	7,595	3,570	4,025	9.4	9.2	9.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	695	310	385	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hindu	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	910	475	435	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sikh	275	165	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	300	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	16,030	8,355	7,675	19.9	21.6	18.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	80,035	38,415	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,805	34,610	37,195	89.7	90.1	89.4
Movers	8,230	3,805	4,420	10.3	9.9	10.6
Non-migrants	5,325	2,410	2,920	6.7	6.3	7.0
Migrants	2,900	1,400	1,500	3.6	3.6	3.6
Internal migrants	2,600	1,225	1,375	3.2	3.2	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,800	835	965	2.2	2.2	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	800	390	405	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	300	175	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	77,260	36,980	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,110	24,975	27,130	67.4	67.5	67.4
Movers	25,150	12,000	13,150	32.6	32.4	32.6
Non-migrants	11,780	5,550	6,225	15.2	15.0	15.5
Migrants	13,370	6,450	6,925	17.3	17.4	17.2
Internal migrants	11,540	5,470	6,075	14.9	14.8	15.1
Intraprovincial migrants	9,270	4,265	5,005	12.0	11.5	12.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,270	1,200	1,075	2.9	3.2	2.7
External migrants	1,830	985	850	2.4	2.7	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,775	33,150	36,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,290	5,295	4,995	14.7	16.0	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,485	27,850	31,635	85.3	84.0	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,175	21,480	23,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,280	2,410	1,870	9.5	11.2	7.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,895	19,065	21,830	90.5	88.8	92.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,775	33,145	36,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,525	4,785	4,735	13.7	14.4	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,020	10,075	9,945	28.7	30.4	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,230	18,285	21,950	57.7	55.2	59.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,865	11,635	13,235	35.6	35.1	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,510	3,760	1,755	7.9	11.3	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,920	1,540	1,385	4.2	4.6	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,590	2,220	370	3.7	6.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,455	7,175	10,285	25.0	21.6	28.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,900	705	1,195	2.7	2.1	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,365	6,650	8,720	22.0	20.1	23.8
Bachelor's degree	10,425	4,530	5,900	14.9	13.7	16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	680	310	370	1.0	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	3,475	1,385	2,090	5.0	4.2	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	480	280	195	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,170	21,480	23,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,745	2,050	1,700	8.3	9.5	7.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,625	5,705	4,920	23.5	26.6	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,800	13,725	17,075	68.2	63.9	72.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,555	8,655	9,900	41.1	40.3	41.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,105	2,815	1,285	9.1	13.1	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,155	1,160	995	4.8	5.4	4.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,950	1,655	290	4.3	7.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,125	5,320	7,805	29.1	24.8	32.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,325	510	810	2.9	2.4	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,240	5,070	7,175	27.1	23.6	30.3
Bachelor's degree	8,220	3,470	4,745	18.2	16.2	20.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	555	215	335	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	75	135	0.5	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	2,875	1,090	1,780	6.4	5.1	7.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	220	165	0.9	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,775	33,145	36,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,545	14,860	14,680	42.3	44.8	40.1
Education	2,945	810	2,130	4.2	2.4	5.8
13. Education	2,945	810	2,130	4.2	2.4	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	900	435	465	1.3	1.3	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	105	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	755	330	425	1.1	1.0	1.2
Humanities	1,625	690	930	2.3	2.1	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	450	185	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465	170	300	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	150	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,615	1,075	2,545	5.2	3.2	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	90	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	730	55	675	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	485	145	340	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	720	180	540	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,330	570	760	1.9	1.7	2.1
Business, management and public administration	10,010	3,000	7,005	14.3	9.1	19.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	695	110	585	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,275	2,875	6,400	13.3	8.7	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,195	595	600	1.7	1.8	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	210	315	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	120	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	355	245	105	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,855	1,060	795	2.7	3.2	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,555	950	605	2.2	2.9	1.7
25. Library science	105	10	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	85	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,595	7,720	870	12.3	23.3	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	100	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,560	1,235	325	2.2	3.7	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,510	2,135	375	3.6	6.4	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,305	2,235	70	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,430	1,390	45	2.0	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	685	645	40	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550	250	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	335	100	240	0.5	0.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	150	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	6,125	1,060	5,060	8.8	3.2	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	135	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,700	885	4,815	8.2	2.7	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,815	1,580	1,240	4.0	4.8	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,480	435	1,045	2.1	1.3	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	465	345	120	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	790	70	1.2	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,170	21,475	23,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,370	7,755	6,615	31.8	36.1	27.9
Education	1,870	440	1,425	4.1	2.0	6.0
13. Education	1,870	440	1,425	4.1	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	370	385	1.7	1.7	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	665	300	370	1.5	1.4	1.6
Humanities	1,200	515	680	2.7	2.4	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	360	130	230	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	115	210	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	120	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,015	825	2,190	6.7	3.8	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	635	45	590	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	425	105	315	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	585	155	440	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,065	425	640	2.4	2.0	2.7
Business, management and public administration	7,615	2,170	5,445	16.9	10.1	23.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	535	65	470	1.2	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,055	2,090	4,965	15.6	9.7	21.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	955	470	480	2.1	2.2	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	160	250	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	300	205	95	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,650	950	700	3.7	4.4	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,410	860	545	3.1	4.0	2.3
25. Library science	85	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,520	5,745	780	14.4	26.8	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	70	50	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,295	1,005	290	2.9	4.7	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,900	1,565	335	4.2	7.3	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,770	1,700	65	3.9	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	955	925	30	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	530	495	35	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	460	195	260	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	70	205	0.6	0.3	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	135	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	4,435	750	3,680	9.8	3.5	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	110	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,085	610	3,475	9.0	2.8	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,330	1,290	1,040	5.2	6.0	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,230	355	870	2.7	1.7	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	360	265	100	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	735	665	70	1.6	3.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,170	21,475	23,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,370	7,755	6,615	31.8	36.1	27.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,800	13,725	17,070	68.2	63.9	72.1
Location of study inside Canada	29,425	13,070	16,360	65.1	60.9	69.1
Same as province or territory of residence	25,590	11,355	14,235	56.7	52.9	60.1
Different than province or territory of residence	3,840	1,720	2,125	8.5	8.0	9.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,370	660	715	3.0	3.1	3.0
Americas	370	160	210	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	275	125	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	335	205	130	0.7	1.0	0.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	110	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	175	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	465	190	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	180	65	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,775	33,145	36,630	...	...	...
In the labour force	42,370	21,295	21,075	...	...	...
Employed	37,530	18,400	19,130	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,835	2,895	1,945	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,405	11,850	15,555	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.7	64.2	57.5	60.7	64.2	57.5
Employment rate	53.8	55.5	52.2	53.8	55.5	52.2
Unemployment rate	11.4	13.6	9.2	11.4	13.6	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,775	33,145	36,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,235	11,905	15,335	39.0	35.9	41.9
Worked	42,545	21,245	21,300	61.0	64.1	58.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,365	11,715	11,655	33.5	35.3	31.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,170	9,530	9,645	27.5	28.8	26.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	40.9	41.5	41.2	40.9	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,365	21,295	21,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	635	445	2.5	3.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	41,285	20,660	20,625	97.5	97.0	97.9
Employee	37,935	18,695	19,240	89.5	87.8	91.3
Permanent position	29,525	14,405	15,125	69.7	67.6	71.8
Temporary position	8,410	4,295	4,120	19.9	20.2	19.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,600	1,105	1,495	6.1	5.2	7.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,810	3,190	2,620	13.7	15.0	12.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,350	1,960	1,385	7.9	9.2	6.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,365	21,295	21,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	635	445	2.5	3.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	41,285	20,660	20,625	97.5	97.0	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	365	220	140	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,525	2,280	5,250	17.8	10.7	24.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,230	2,470	760	7.6	11.6	3.6
3 Health occupations	3,555	700	2,855	8.4	3.3	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,505	1,690	3,815	13.0	7.9	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,070	520	545	2.5	2.4	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,135	5,600	6,535	28.6	26.3	31.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,180	5,735	440	14.6	26.9	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	795	685	110	1.9	3.2	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	930	755	175	2.2	3.5	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,365	21,295	21,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	635	445	2.5	3.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	41,285	20,660	20,625	97.5	97.0	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	580	450	135	1.4	2.1	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	915	710	210	2.2	3.3	1.0
22 Utilities	465	320	145	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	2,715	2,425	290	6.4	11.4	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,390	1,030	355	3.3	4.8	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,090	800	290	2.6	3.8	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	5,745	2,725	3,020	13.6	12.8	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,775	1,385	385	4.2	6.5	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	780	450	330	1.8	2.1	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,155	455	700	2.7	2.1	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	475	275	200	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,745	1,550	1,190	6.5	7.3	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,760	1,125	630	4.2	5.3	3.0
61 Educational services	3,095	1,065	2,030	7.3	5.0	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,460	1,335	5,125	15.2	6.3	24.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	730	340	390	1.7	1.6	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,955	1,440	1,515	7.0	6.8	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,825	780	1,045	4.3	3.7	5.0
91 Public administration	4,575	1,980	2,600	10.8	9.3	12.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,235	22,620	22,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,430	22,235	22,195	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	475	205	270	1.1	0.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,235	22,620	22,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,130	22,555	22,575	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	45,055	22,505	22,550	99.6	99.5	99.7
English	44,865	22,445	22,420	99.2	99.2	99.1
French	190	60	125	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official languages	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,235	22,620	22,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,680	22,380	22,305	98.8	98.9	98.6
English	110	35	80	0.2	0.2	0.4
French	310	135	175	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,530	18,400	19,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,420	2,795	3,630	17.1	15.2	19.0
Worked outside Canada	65	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,365	3,010	1,350	11.6	16.4	7.1
Usual place of work	26,685	12,545	14,135	71.1	68.2	73.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,685	12,545	14,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,020	7,620	9,400	63.8	60.7	66.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,245	4,615	4,630	34.6	36.8	32.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	230	165	60	0.9	1.3	0.4
Commute to a different province or territory	195	145	50	0.7	1.2	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,045	15,560	15,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	27,525	13,710	13,810	88.7	88.1	89.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,385	12,530	11,855	78.5	80.5	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,140	1,185	1,960	10.1	7.6	12.7
Public transit	1,105	545	560	3.6	3.5	3.6
Walked	1,475	720	755	4.8	4.6	4.9
Bicycle	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	890	550	340	2.9	3.5	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,045	15,560	15,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,095	6,740	7,350	45.4	43.3	47.5
15 to 29 minutes	13,520	6,730	6,800	43.5	43.3	43.9
30 to 44 minutes	2,110	1,235	880	6.8	7.9	5.7
45 to 59 minutes	420	190	225	1.4	1.2	1.5
60 minutes and over	895	665	225	2.9	4.3	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,045	15,560	15,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	975	750	225	3.1	4.8	1.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,190	2,020	1,170	10.3	13.0	7.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,010	5,350	4,660	32.2	34.4	30.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,950	3,875	5,065	28.8	24.9	32.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,625	1,410	2,210	11.7	9.1	14.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,300	2,150	2,150	13.9	13.8	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,420	6,925	6,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435	225	210	3.2	3.2	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,980	6,700	6,280	96.7	96.8	96.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,880	5,105	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	310	160	155	3.1	3.1	3.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	85	85	1.7	1.7	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	75	75	1.5	1.5	1.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,570	4,945	4,620	96.9	96.9	96.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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