Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John's EastMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	84,965	41,845	43,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,970	6,125	5,845	14.1	14.6	13.6
0 to 4 years	3,460	1,815	1,650	4.1	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,090	2,040	2,045	4.8	4.9	4.7
10 to 14 years	4,420	2,270	2,150	5.2	5.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	57,035	28,620	28,410	67.1	68.4	65.9
15 to 19 years	4,445	2,310	2,135	5.2	5.5	5.0
20 to 24 years	6,535	3,495	3,045	7.7	8.4	7.1
25 to 29 years	6,075	3,125	2,950	7.2	7.5	6.8
30 to 34 years	5,825	2,965	2,860	6.9	7.1	6.6
35 to 39 years	5,785	2,895	2,895	6.8	6.9	6.7
40 to 44 years	5,700	2,785	2,915	6.7	6.7	6.8
45 to 49 years	5,505	2,745	2,760	6.5	6.6	6.4
50 to 54 years	5,690	2,755	2,940	6.7	6.6	6.8
55 to 59 years	5,800	2,820	2,980	6.8	6.7	6.9
60 to 64 years	5,670	2,740	2,930	6.7	6.5	6.8
65 years and over	15,960	7,095	8,870	18.8	17.0	20.6
65 to 69 years	4,980	2,400	2,580	5.9	5.7	6.0
70 to 74 years	4,175	1,905	2,270	4.9	4.6	5.3
75 to 79 years	3,070	1,395	1,670	3.6	3.3	3.9
80 to 84 years	1,955	820	1,140	2.3	2.0	2.6
85 years and over	1,780	575	1,210	2.1	1.4	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,090	405	685	1.3	1.0	1.6
90 to 94 years	510	125	385	0.6	0.3	0.9
95 to 99 years	170	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.6	13.6	14.1	14.6	13.6
15 to 64 years	67.1	68.4	65.9	67.1	68.4	65.9
65 years and over	18.8	17.0	20.6	18.8	17.0	20.6
85 years and over	2.1	1.4	2.8	2.1	1.4	2.8
Average age of the population	42.1	40.9	43.3	42.1	40.9	43.3
Median age of the population	41.6	40.0	43.2	41.6	40.0	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,465	...	...	53.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,575	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	3,100	...	...	8.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,415	...	...	20.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,460	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	350	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,290	...	...	31.0	...	...
2 persons	12,980	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 persons	5,725	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	4,665	...	...	12.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,795	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	82,740	40,695	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	72,995	35,715	37,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	39,060	19,510	19,550	53.5	54.6	52.4
Married	30,890	15,435	15,450	42.3	43.2	41.4
Living common-law	8,175	4,080	4,100	11.2	11.4	11.0
Living common law - Never married	6,545	3,230	3,320	9.0	9.0	8.9
Living common law - Separated	215	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,265	660	610	1.7	1.8	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	33,935	16,205	17,730	46.5	45.4	47.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,990	12,940	11,050	32.9	36.2	29.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,555	690	870	2.1	1.9	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,215	1,675	2,540	5.8	4.7	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,170	900	3,275	5.7	2.5	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,455	...	...	54.4	...	...
3 persons	5,015	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	4,185	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,260	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,070	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	14,985	...	...	65.4	...	...
With children⁶	7,755	...	...	33.8	...	...
Without children	7,225	...	...	31.5	...	...
Common-law couples	4,085	...	...	17.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,300	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	2,785	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,845	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,000	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	840	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	82,740	40,695	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,365	31,260	32,105	76.6	76.8	76.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,140	19,045	19,100	46.1	46.8	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	3,845	845	3,005	4.6	2.1	7.1
Children⁶	21,380	11,375	10,010	25.8	28.0	23.8
In a two-parent family	15,735	8,320	7,415	19.0	20.4	17.6
In a one-parent family	5,645	3,055	2,595	6.8	7.5	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,370	9,440	9,935	23.4	23.2	23.6
Living alone	11,290	4,955	6,330	13.6	12.2	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,085	900	1,190	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	6,000	3,585	2,420	7.3	8.8	5.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,900	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,715	...	...	48.6	...	...
With children⁶	8,500	...	...	23.3	...	...
Without children	9,210	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,185	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	625	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	875	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,645	...	...	7.3	...	...
One-person households	11,290	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	70,775	34,575	36,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,275	33,305	34,970	96.5	96.3	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,800	41,200	44,800	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,300	33,320	34,980	96.5	96.4	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,980	29,560	30,420	84.7	85.5	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,800	33,200	37,600	42,800	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,600	25,185	24,420	70.1	72.8	67.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	33,600	37,600	42,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,145	24,050	29,100	75.1	69.6	80.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	11,500	11,000	11,200	11,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,580	4,580	4,000	12.1	13.2	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,200	5,880	6,000	6,200	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,285	9,815	9,470	27.2	28.4	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	70,710	34,470	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,165	33,250	34,920	96.4	96.5	96.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,700	67,500	50,320	58,700	67,500	50,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,205	33,270	34,930	96.5	96.5	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,560	52,050	41,360	46,560	52,050	41,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,875	29,450	30,420	84.7	85.4	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,350	66,600	46,440	56,350	66,600	46,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,535	25,090	24,445	70.1	72.8	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	64,700	46,000	55,450	64,700	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,965	24,040	28,930	74.9	69.7	79.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,820	11,690	11,920	11,820	11,690	11,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,555	4,410	4,145	12.1	12.8	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,860	7,820	7,890	7,860	7,820	7,890
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,035	9,600	9,435	26.9	27.9	26.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,890	8,890	8,900	8,890	8,890	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	70,710	34,470	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,550	12,305	11,245	33.3	35.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	77,000	62,400	69,000	77,000	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,700	99,900	74,300	87,700	99,900	74,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,305	9,555	9,755	27.3	27.7	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	17,600	15,000	16,000	17,600	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	35,160	24,820	29,920	35,160	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	87.4	80.4	84.4	87.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	72.4	64.0	68.6	72.4	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	12.5	19.6	15.6	12.5	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.2	5.5	4.8	4.2	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.8	4.8	4.2	3.8	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	70,775	34,575	36,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,500	1,265	1,235	3.5	3.7	3.4
With total income	68,275	33,305	34,970	96.5	96.3	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,605	2,645	2,960	8.2	7.9	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,190	3,705	4,485	12.0	11.1	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,780	4,865	5,915	15.8	14.6	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,460	3,785	4,675	12.4	11.3	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,200	3,130	4,070	10.5	9.4	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,650	2,565	3,095	8.3	7.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,490	2,205	2,290	6.6	6.6	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,535	1,805	1,735	5.2	5.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,990	1,590	1,395	4.4	4.8	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,405	1,170	1,240	3.5	3.5	3.5
$100,000 and over	8,965	5,850	3,110	13.1	17.6	8.9
$100,000 to $149,999	5,440	3,345	2,090	8.0	10.0	6.0
$150,000 and over	3,525	2,505	1,020	5.2	7.5	2.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	70,775	34,575	36,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,475	1,255	1,215	3.5	3.6	3.4
With after-tax income	68,300	33,320	34,980	96.5	96.4	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,945	2,730	3,215	8.7	8.2	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,575	3,905	4,680	12.6	11.7	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,825	5,835	6,995	18.8	17.5	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,020	4,460	5,565	14.7	13.4	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,250	3,690	4,555	12.1	11.1	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,130	3,020	3,105	9.0	9.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,595	2,390	2,205	6.7	7.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,525	1,775	1,750	5.2	5.3	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,220	1,275	945	3.3	3.8	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,495	940	555	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,720	3,300	1,420	6.9	9.9	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,150	1,465	685	3.2	4.4	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,570	1,835	735	3.8	5.5	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	70,775	34,575	36,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,175	9,390	11,780	29.9	27.2	32.5
With employment income	49,600	25,185	24,420	70.1	72.8	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,710	3,615	4,090	15.5	14.4	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,100	1,945	2,155	8.3	7.7	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,760	2,755	3,005	11.6	11.0	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,270	2,070	2,200	8.6	8.2	9.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,755	1,775	1,980	7.6	7.0	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,845	1,750	2,100	7.8	6.9	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	1,530	1,750	6.6	6.1	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,950	1,500	1,450	5.9	5.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505	1,295	1,210	5.0	5.1	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,315	1,220	1,095	4.7	4.8	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	930	1,010	3.9	3.7	4.1
$100,000 and over	7,170	4,800	2,370	14.4	19.0	9.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,795	1,685	1,105	5.6	6.7	4.5
$125,000 and over	4,375	3,110	1,260	8.8	12.3	5.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	70,775	34,575	36,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,650	32,450	34,200	94.2	93.9	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,400	40,000	44,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,705	32,460	34,250	94.2	93.9	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	32,400	35,200	38,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,090	29,120	29,970	83.5	84.2	82.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	33,600	38,400	44,400	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,735	25,195	24,540	70.3	72.9	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	34,000	38,400	43,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,515	20,495	26,015	65.7	59.3	71.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,450	7,550	7,500	7,450	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,040	3,690	3,355	9.9	10.7	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,350	6,800	7,150	7,350	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	70,710	34,470	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,695	32,425	34,275	94.3	94.1	94.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,750	68,000	48,040	57,750	68,000	48,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,730	32,425	34,310	94.4	94.1	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,600	39,160	45,200	51,600	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,980	28,945	30,035	83.4	84.0	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,300	70,000	46,960	58,300	70,000	46,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,800	25,050	24,755	70.4	72.7	68.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,450	66,700	46,120	56,450	66,700	46,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,245	20,450	25,790	65.4	59.3	71.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,730	9,150	8,970	8,730	9,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,880	3,540	3,335	9.7	10.3	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,790	8,820	8,770	8,790	8,820	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	70,710	34,470	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,345	12,175	11,175	33.0	35.3	30.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	74,000	58,400	65,500	74,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,600	97,100	71,000	84,600	97,100	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,180	8,925	9,260	25.7	25.9	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,600	19,000	20,800	23,600	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,680	44,000	29,640	36,680	44,000	29,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.0	85.6	89.2	92.0	85.6
Employment income (%)	73.0	75.8	69.4	73.0	75.8	69.4
Government transfers (%)	10.8	8.1	14.4	10.8	8.1	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,750	...	...	52,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,880	...	...	42,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	425	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	685	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	765	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,610	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,395	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,370	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,470	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,430	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,460	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,405	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,205	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,090	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,660	...	...	40.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,760	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,855	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,715	...	...	10.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,320	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	435	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	805	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,785	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,655	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,580	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,770	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,680	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,610	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,965	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,875	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,590	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,265	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,405	...	...	31.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,875	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,675	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,855	...	...	13.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,290	8,540	8,750	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	31,800	34,400	33,200	31,800	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	29,200	31,600	30,400	29,200	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...	109,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,500	...	...	123,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	182,600	...	...	182,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...	66,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,010	8,265	8,745	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,840	43,920	45,720	44,840	43,920	45,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,120	38,280	37,200	36,120	38,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	82,740	40,695	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,525	7,460	7,065	17.6	18.3	16.8
0 to 5 years	4,300	2,210	2,090	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	53,720	26,660	27,060	64.9	65.5	64.4
65 years and over	14,490	6,580	7,910	17.5	16.2	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,990	5,320	5,670	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,190	1,180	1,015	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	750	400	350	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,765	3,345	3,415	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,030	800	1,235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	13.1	13.5	13.3	13.1	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.8	14.3	15.1	15.8	14.3
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	18.0	16.8	17.4	18.0	16.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.5	12.6	12.6	12.5	12.6
65 years and over (%)	14.0	12.1	15.6	14.0	12.1	15.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	82,740	40,695	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,525	7,460	7,065	17.6	18.3	16.8
0 to 5 years	4,300	2,210	2,090	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	53,720	26,660	27,060	64.9	65.5	64.4
65 years and over	14,490	6,580	7,915	17.5	16.2	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,345	2,905	2,435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	755	410	340	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	255	140	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,390	2,410	1,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	195	85	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	7.1	5.8	6.5	7.1	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.5	4.9	5.2	5.5	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	6.2	5.5	5.9	6.2	5.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	9.0	7.3	8.2	9.0	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	82,740	40,695	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,500	19,620	20,880	48.9	48.2	49.7
In bottom decile	11,180	5,710	5,470	13.5	14.0	13.0
In second decile	8,265	3,875	4,390	10.0	9.5	10.4
In third decile	7,180	3,360	3,820	8.7	8.3	9.1
In fourth decile	6,855	3,290	3,570	8.3	8.1	8.5
In fifth decile	7,015	3,380	3,630	8.5	8.3	8.6
In top half of the distribution	42,240	21,080	21,165	51.1	51.8	50.3
In sixth decile	7,125	3,470	3,655	8.6	8.5	8.7
In seventh decile	7,560	3,750	3,815	9.1	9.2	9.1
In eighth decile	8,250	4,080	4,175	10.0	10.0	9.9
In ninth decile	9,065	4,555	4,515	11.0	11.2	10.7
In top decile	10,235	5,230	5,005	12.4	12.9	11.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	82,735	...	...	82,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.478	...	...	0.478	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	83,145	40,940	42,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	74,575	37,370	37,200	89.7	91.3	88.2
French only	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,155	3,365	4,790	9.8	8.2	11.4
Neither English nor French	380	185	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	83,145	40,940	42,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,025	40,415	41,605	98.7	98.7	98.6
French	605	290	320	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	345	165	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	83,145	40,940	42,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,770	40,205	41,565	98.3	98.2	98.5
Official languages	75,885	37,000	38,880	91.3	90.4	92.1
English	75,310	36,735	38,580	90.6	89.7	91.4
French	570	265	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	5,890	3,210	2,680	7.1	7.8	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,875	3,200	2,675	7.1	7.8	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,190	650	540	1.4	1.6	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,130	615	510	1.4	1.5	1.2
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	960	545	420	1.2	1.3	1.0
Aramaic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	365	160	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	230	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,665	1,535	1,125	3.2	3.7	2.7
Albanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	245	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,615	1,005	615	1.9	2.5	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,280	825	460	1.5	2.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	485	315	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
Gujarati	115	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	335	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	150	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	255	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	495	245	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	320	145	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	150	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	805	400	400	1.0	1.0	0.9
Chinese languages	795	395	400	1.0	1.0	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	590	295	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,370	735	635	1.6	1.8	1.5
English and French	305	140	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	930	520	405	1.1	1.3	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	83,145	40,940	42,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,755	37,080	38,680	91.1	90.6	91.7
French	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,525	825	700	1.8	2.0	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,525	825	700	1.8	2.0	1.7
English and French	780	325	460	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,575	2,465	2,110	5.5	6.0	5.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	83,145	40,940	42,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,955	40,335	41,615	98.6	98.5	98.6
Official languages	78,725	38,600	40,120	94.7	94.3	95.1
English	78,425	38,460	39,960	94.3	93.9	94.7
French	300	135	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	3,235	1,735	1,495	3.9	4.2	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,230	1,735	1,490	3.9	4.2	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	385	360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	710	365	340	0.9	0.9	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	625	335	290	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,390	785	610	1.7	1.9	1.4
Albanian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	990	585	400	1.2	1.4	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	725	455	275	0.9	1.1	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	270	170	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gujarati	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	200	105	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	265	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	505	260	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	210	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,190	605	585	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,030	530	500	1.2	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	83,145	40,940	42,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	78,445	38,490	39,960	94.3	94.0	94.7
English	1,495	790	700	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	595	245	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	1,935	1,045	890	2.3	2.6	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,910	1,035	875	2.3	2.5	2.1
English and French	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	325	195	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	82,700	40,615	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	82,295	40,405	41,890	99.5	99.5	99.6
English	82,230	40,380	41,855	99.4	99.4	99.5
French	8,310	3,535	4,775	10.0	8.7	11.3
Non-official languages	9,515	5,025	4,490	11.5	12.4	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,450	4,995	4,460	11.4	12.3	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,700	985	710	2.1	2.4	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,655	960	695	2.0	2.4	1.7
Amharic	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,390	815	580	1.7	2.0	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	105	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	600	255	345	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	455	200	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	210	100	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Telugu	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,800	2,600	2,195	5.8	6.4	5.2
Albanian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	520	285	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	515	285	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	280	155	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	750	375	380	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	570	285	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	565	280	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,290	1,355	930	2.8	3.3	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,905	1,165	740	2.3	2.9	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	705	425	275	0.9	1.0	0.7
Gujarati	230	200	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
Hindi	920	620	290	1.1	1.5	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	375	220	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	340	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	400	195	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	350	170	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	300	155	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,325	650	680	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	925	420	505	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	775	415	360	0.9	1.0	0.9
Akan (Twi)	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	190	120	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages	250	90	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
American Sign Language	240	85	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	550	455	1.2	1.4	1.1
Chinese languages	985	540	450	1.2	1.3	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	815	450	365	1.0	1.1	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	82,695	40,620	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,870	1,390	1,480	3.5	3.4	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,660	1,295	1,365	3.2	3.2	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,700	810	890	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis	550	290	265	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	410	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	79,825	39,230	40,595	96.5	96.6	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	82,695	40,620	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	970	460	505	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	81,725	40,155	41,570	98.8	98.9	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,765	...	...	65.3	...	...
Renter	12,625	...	...	34.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,975	...	...	5.4	...	...
Not condominium	34,405	...	...	94.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,425	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,310	...	...	22.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,245	...	...	39.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,235	...	...	28.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,855	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 rooms	5,275	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,575	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,445	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,240	...	...	36.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,125	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,545	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	840	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,240	...	...	22.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,790	...	...	26.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,225	...	...	11.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,875	...	...	10.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,575	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,035	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,125	...	...	8.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,525	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,595	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,790	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,300	...	...	50.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,590	...	...	45.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,490	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,830	...	...	5.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,490	...	...	15.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,265	...	...	17.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,390	...	...	17.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,845	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,525	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,120	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	910	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,930	...	...	79.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,300	...	...	20.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,510	...	...	18.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,345	...	...	25.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,785	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	675	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,320	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,040	...	...	74.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,330	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not in core need	32,110	...	...	90.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,750	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,424	...	...	1,424	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	366,800	...	...	366,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,625	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.5	...	...	20.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,038	...	...	1,038	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	82,700	40,615	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,320	615	705	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,270	590	675	1.5	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	845	380	465	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis single ancestry	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	280	145	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,950	1,455	1,495	3.6	3.6	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,890	1,425	1,465	3.5	3.5	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,260	1,140	1,115	2.7	2.8	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	130	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	150	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,425	38,545	39,880	94.8	94.9	94.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	82,695	40,620	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,595	37,280	39,315	92.6	91.8	93.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,705	6,995	6,710	16.6	17.2	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	62,890	30,285	32,605	76.1	74.6	77.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,100	3,340	2,765	7.4	8.2	6.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	82,695	40,620	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,020	35,470	37,555	88.3	87.3	89.3
Immigrants⁸¹	6,325	3,240	3,085	7.6	8.0	7.3
Before 1980	1,065	545	520	1.3	1.3	1.2
1980 to 1990	345	210	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
1991 to 2000	465	230	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,190	620	570	1.4	1.5	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,260	1,635	1,620	3.9	4.0	3.9
2011 to 2015	1,105	560	550	1.3	1.4	1.3
2016 to 2021	2,150	1,075	1,075	2.6	2.6	2.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,350	1,915	1,440	4.1	4.7	3.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,325	3,235	3,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	690	385	305	10.9	11.9	9.9
5 to 14 years	1,170	580	595	18.5	17.9	19.3
15 to 24 years	885	455	430	14.0	14.1	13.9
25 to 44 years	3,095	1,570	1,525	48.9	48.5	49.4
45 years and over	475	245	230	7.5	7.6	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,325	3,235	3,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	840	400	440	13.3	12.4	14.3
Brazil	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Colombia	75	30	40	1.2	0.9	1.3
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	25	30	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
United States of America	485	235	250	7.7	7.3	8.1
Other places of birth in Americas	130	60	65	2.1	1.9	2.1
Europe	1,575	880	695	24.9	27.2	22.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	30	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	100	50	50	1.6	1.5	1.6
Germany	110	65	40	1.7	2.0	1.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	25	20	0.6	0.8	0.6
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Portugal	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	20	20	0.7	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	760	430	325	12.0	13.3	10.5
Other places of birth in Europe	325	175	150	5.1	5.4	4.9
Africa	1,060	565	490	16.8	17.5	15.9
Algeria	30	10	10	0.5	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	40	1.2	1.1	1.3
Egypt	75	55	25	1.2	1.7	0.8
Eritrea	135	80	55	2.1	2.5	1.8
Ethiopia	70	35	35	1.1	1.1	1.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	205	105	100	3.2	3.2	3.2
Somalia	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	30	25	0.9	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	400	200	200	6.3	6.2	6.5
Asia	2,790	1,370	1,425	44.1	42.3	46.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	45	1.4	1.5	1.5
Iraq	100	45	65	1.6	1.4	2.1
Lebanon	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	390	190	205	6.2	5.9	6.6
Turkey	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
China⁹⁰	385	180	205	6.1	5.6	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	35	25	0.9	1.1	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	430	185	245	6.8	5.7	7.9
Viet Nam	40	25	20	0.6	0.8	0.6
Bangladesh	185	110	80	2.9	3.4	2.6
India	420	245	175	6.6	7.6	5.7
Pakistan	140	50	90	2.2	1.5	2.9
Sri Lanka	40	20	25	0.6	0.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	330	180	155	5.2	5.6	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	20	40	0.9	0.6	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,150	1,075	1,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	140	65	75	6.5	6.0	7.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	15	1.9	2.3	1.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	45	20	30	2.1	1.9	2.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	15	0.9	0.9	1.4
Europe	180	105	75	8.4	9.8	7.0
France	25	10	10	1.2	0.9	0.9
Germany	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.4
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	50	15	3.0	4.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	15	2.1	1.9	1.4
Africa	580	300	280	27.0	27.9	26.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	30	2.6	2.3	2.8
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Eritrea	80	45	35	3.7	4.2	3.3
Ethiopia	20	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	165	85	80	7.7	7.9	7.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	0	1.4	1.9	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	30	3.0	3.3	2.8
Tunisia	25	10	15	1.2	0.9	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	110	60	60	5.1	5.6	5.6
Asia	1,245	605	640	57.9	56.3	59.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	60	35	30	2.8	3.3	2.8
China⁹⁰	130	60	70	6.0	5.6	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	110	55	7.9	10.2	5.1
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	15	1.9	1.9	1.4
Iraq	50	20	30	2.3	1.9	2.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.4
Lebanon	45	25	20	2.1	2.3	1.9
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	25	35	2.6	2.3	3.3
Philippines	245	90	155	11.4	8.4	14.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	325	170	160	15.1	15.8	14.9
Turkey	25	20	0	1.2	1.9	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	15	40	2.8	1.4	3.7
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	82,695	40,620	42,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,340	5,505	4,830	12.5	13.6	11.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,685	2,825	2,860	6.9	7.0	6.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,675	32,290	34,380	80.6	79.5	81.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,260	2,695	2,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,930	1,555	1,380	55.7	57.7	53.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,395	920	480	26.5	34.1	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,530	635	895	29.1	23.6	34.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	990	460	525	18.8	17.1	20.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,305	660	645	24.8	24.5	25.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,260	2,695	2,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85	45	50	1.6	1.7	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	930	460	465	17.7	17.1	18.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	280	175	100	5.3	6.5	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	750	440	310	14.3	16.3	12.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,190	1,565	1,620	60.6	58.1	63.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	82,700	40,615	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,830	4,700	4,130	10.7	11.6	9.8
South Asian	2,575	1,505	1,075	3.1	3.7	2.6
Chinese	1,175	625	550	1.4	1.5	1.3
Black	2,000	1,030	975	2.4	2.5	2.3
Filipino	560	255	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
Arab	1,115	640	470	1.3	1.6	1.1
Latin American	430	215	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	195	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	385	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,865	35,920	37,945	89.3	88.4	90.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	82,695	40,615	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,275	7,515	7,760	18.5	18.5	18.4
English	30,835	14,705	16,130	37.3	36.2	38.3
Irish	27,395	13,180	14,215	33.1	32.5	33.8
Scottish	7,465	3,630	3,835	9.0	8.9	9.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,895	1,810	2,090	4.7	4.5	5.0
German	1,880	960	920	2.3	2.4	2.2
Chinese	1,140	580	560	1.4	1.4	1.3
Italian	750	415	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indian (India)	1,395	795	600	1.7	2.0	1.4
Ukrainian	495	265	230	0.6	0.7	0.5
Dutch	490	250	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Polish	470	245	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Québécois	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,095	1,425	1,670	3.7	3.5	4.0
Filipino	595	280	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
French Canadian	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,755	1,785	1,970	4.5	4.4	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	375	320	0.8	0.9	0.8
Métis	535	240	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,865	920	950	2.3	2.3	2.3
Russian	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	530	295	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Welsh	1,725	960	760	2.1	2.4	1.8
Portuguese	300	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	585	255	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Spanish	340	185	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Swedish	270	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	320	150	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistani	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	210	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	525	295	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Greek	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	295	160	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian	300	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	190	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	185	105	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	70	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	85	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,530	735	795	1.9	1.8	1.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	185	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Muslim	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	185	135	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	235	140	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	4,665	2,350	2,320	5.6	5.8	5.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	565	280	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladeshi	465	290	175	0.6	0.7	0.4
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	255	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	95	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nova Scotian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	100	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mayan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	455	225	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	100	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	82,695	40,615	42,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	245	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	58,050	27,485	30,565	70.2	67.7	72.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,365	1,665	1,710	4.1	4.1	4.1
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	11,870	5,700	6,170	14.4	14.0	14.7
Baptist	255	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	29,975	14,065	15,910	36.2	34.6	37.8
Christian Orthodox	335	185	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latter Day Saints	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,640	775	865	2.0	1.9	2.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,735	765	965	2.1	1.9	2.3
Presbyterian	460	215	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	7,460	3,545	3,910	9.0	8.7	9.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	720	325	395	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hindu	785	485	305	0.9	1.2	0.7
Jewish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,730	1,455	1,270	3.3	3.6	3.0
Sikh	270	150	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	345	100	240	0.4	0.2	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	20,145	10,765	9,380	24.4	26.5	22.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	82,035	40,275	41,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,870	34,700	36,170	86.4	86.2	86.6
Movers	11,170	5,570	5,600	13.6	13.8	13.4
Non-migrants	7,195	3,565	3,625	8.8	8.9	8.7
Migrants	3,975	2,010	1,970	4.8	5.0	4.7
Internal migrants	3,365	1,655	1,715	4.1	4.1	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,080	1,025	1,055	2.5	2.5	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,290	630	660	1.6	1.6	1.6
External migrants	610	350	255	0.7	0.9	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	79,395	38,930	40,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,690	23,945	25,740	62.6	61.5	63.6
Movers	29,705	14,980	14,730	37.4	38.5	36.4
Non-migrants	12,230	6,305	5,925	15.4	16.2	14.6
Migrants	17,475	8,670	8,805	22.0	22.3	21.8
Internal migrants	13,105	6,330	6,765	16.5	16.3	16.7
Intraprovincial migrants	9,215	4,355	4,865	11.6	11.2	12.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,885	1,985	1,905	4.9	5.1	4.7
External migrants	4,370	2,335	2,035	5.5	6.0	5.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,705	34,470	36,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,630	4,585	4,045	12.2	13.3	11.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,075	29,890	32,190	87.8	86.7	88.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,330	22,225	23,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,340	1,960	1,380	7.4	8.8	6.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,990	20,265	21,730	92.6	91.2	94.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,710	34,475	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,950	4,125	3,830	11.2	12.0	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,970	9,225	8,750	25.4	26.8	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,785	21,125	23,660	63.3	61.3	65.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,710	9,940	10,775	29.3	28.8	29.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,525	3,090	1,435	6.4	9.0	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,470	1,350	1,115	3.5	3.9	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,050	1,740	315	2.9	5.0	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,370	6,035	8,330	20.3	17.5	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,820	815	1,010	2.6	2.4	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,075	11,190	12,890	34.0	32.5	35.6
Bachelor's degree	14,075	6,325	7,750	19.9	18.3	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,085	545	545	1.5	1.6	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	920	455	465	1.3	1.3	1.3
Master's degree	6,330	2,805	3,530	9.0	8.1	9.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,670	1,060	605	2.4	3.1	1.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,330	22,230	23,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,875	1,660	1,215	6.3	7.5	5.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,820	4,755	4,055	19.5	21.4	17.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,640	15,810	17,830	74.2	71.1	77.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,055	7,385	7,675	33.2	33.2	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,230	2,270	965	7.1	10.2	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,765	990	775	3.9	4.5	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,465	1,275	190	3.2	5.7	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,750	4,600	6,150	23.7	20.7	26.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,075	510	565	2.4	2.3	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,585	8,430	10,155	41.0	37.9	44.0
Bachelor's degree	10,655	4,800	5,850	23.5	21.6	25.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	860	400	455	1.9	1.8	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	385	415	1.8	1.7	1.8
Master's degree	5,095	2,150	2,950	11.2	9.7	12.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,175	695	480	2.6	3.1	2.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,710	34,475	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,920	13,345	12,575	36.7	38.7	34.7
Education	3,760	1,080	2,680	5.3	3.1	7.4
13. Education	3,760	1,080	2,680	5.3	3.1	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,270	525	745	1.8	1.5	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,150	450	700	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	2,560	1,045	1,510	3.6	3.0	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	70	195	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	720	240	475	1.0	0.7	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	185	290	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235	130	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	140	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	325	180	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	30	160	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,410	1,665	2,745	6.2	4.8	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	25	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	155	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	80	530	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	725	330	390	1.0	1.0	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	825	150	670	1.2	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,765	905	860	2.5	2.6	2.4
Business, management and public administration	9,760	3,335	6,425	13.8	9.7	17.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	595	140	460	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,140	3,195	5,945	12.9	9.3	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,345	1,190	1,155	3.3	3.5	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	430	625	1.5	1.2	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	165	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	815	570	250	1.2	1.7	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,385	1,550	835	3.4	4.5	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,900	1,320	580	2.7	3.8	1.6
25. Library science	165	20	145	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	295	180	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,365	7,260	1,105	11.8	21.1	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,825	2,260	560	4.0	6.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,085	1,715	375	2.9	5.0	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,550	1,510	35	2.2	4.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,245	1,215	30	1.8	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	540	495	45	0.8	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	340	330	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	130	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	210	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	6,695	1,510	5,180	9.5	4.4	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	215	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,795	1,075	4,715	8.2	3.1	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380	220	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,560	1,625	930	3.6	4.7	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,175	410	760	1.7	1.2	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	295	85	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	995	915	80	1.4	2.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,330	22,225	23,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,690	6,415	5,270	25.8	28.9	22.8
Education	2,255	610	1,645	5.0	2.7	7.1
13. Education	2,255	610	1,645	5.0	2.7	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,040	430	610	2.3	1.9	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	940	365	580	2.1	1.6	2.5
Humanities	1,835	740	1,095	4.0	3.3	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	60	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	485	155	330	1.1	0.7	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	145	240	0.8	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	250	155	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	10	115	0.3	0.0	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,380	1,200	2,185	7.5	5.4	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	125	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	55	405	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	555	220	335	1.2	1.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	605	95	515	1.3	0.4	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,350	665	685	3.0	3.0	3.0
Business, management and public administration	7,370	2,515	4,855	16.3	11.3	21.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	85	355	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,910	2,425	4,485	15.2	10.9	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,685	840	845	3.7	3.8	3.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	760	300	460	1.7	1.3	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	110	155	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	615	415	200	1.4	1.9	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,070	1,350	720	4.6	6.1	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,700	1,185	520	3.8	5.3	2.3
25. Library science	135	20	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	220	140	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,300	5,330	970	13.9	24.0	4.2
04. Architecture and related services	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	2,240	1,725	520	4.9	7.8	2.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,615	1,290	320	3.6	5.8	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,135	1,105	25	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	830	800	25	1.8	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	385	355	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	240	280	1.1	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	95	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	145	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
Health and related fields	5,105	1,205	3,900	11.3	5.4	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	170	200	0.8	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,380	845	3,530	9.7	3.8	15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	325	175	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,085	1,355	730	4.6	6.1	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	960	345	615	2.1	1.6	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	305	245	60	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	810	755	60	1.8	3.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,330	22,225	23,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,690	6,415	5,270	25.8	28.9	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,640	15,815	17,830	74.2	71.2	77.2
Location of study inside Canada	30,415	14,305	16,110	67.1	64.4	69.7
Same as province or territory of residence	24,505	11,530	12,980	54.1	51.9	56.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,910	2,780	3,130	13.0	12.5	13.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,220	1,500	1,720	7.1	6.7	7.4
Americas	675	285	385	1.5	1.3	1.7
United States of America	450	200	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	865	495	370	1.9	2.2	1.6
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	70	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	470	290	175	1.0	1.3	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	365	185	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	125	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	135	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	1,255	520	735	2.8	2.3	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	155	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	155	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	260	100	165	0.6	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	270	130	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	70,710	34,470	36,240	...	...	...
In the labour force	44,430	22,735	21,690	...	...	...
Employed	39,600	19,865	19,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,825	2,875	1,955	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,280	11,735	14,545	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.8	66.0	59.9	62.8	66.0	59.9
Employment rate	56.0	57.6	54.5	56.0	57.6	54.5
Unemployment rate	10.9	12.6	9.0	10.9	12.6	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	70,710	34,475	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,160	11,680	14,480	37.0	33.9	40.0
Worked	44,545	22,795	21,750	63.0	66.1	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,030	12,600	11,430	34.0	36.5	31.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,520	10,195	10,325	29.0	29.6	28.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	40.7	40.9	40.8	40.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	44,430	22,735	21,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	615	545	2.6	2.7	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	43,265	22,115	21,145	97.4	97.3	97.5
Employee	38,655	19,345	19,310	87.0	85.1	89.0
Permanent position	28,925	14,470	14,460	65.1	63.6	66.7
Temporary position	9,730	4,880	4,850	21.9	21.5	22.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,175	1,435	1,740	7.1	6.3	8.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,555	3,445	3,105	14.8	15.2	14.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,610	2,770	1,840	10.4	12.2	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	44,430	22,735	21,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	615	545	2.6	2.7	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	43,265	22,115	21,145	97.4	97.3	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	595	455	140	1.3	2.0	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,140	2,340	4,800	16.1	10.3	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,430	3,380	1,040	10.0	14.9	4.8
3 Health occupations	4,320	1,080	3,240	9.7	4.8	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,790	2,505	4,285	15.3	11.0	19.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,740	725	1,015	3.9	3.2	4.7
6 Sales and service occupations	11,675	5,700	5,980	26.3	25.1	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,220	4,770	450	11.7	21.0	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	725	640	90	1.6	2.8	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	635	520	110	1.4	2.3	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	44,430	22,735	21,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	615	545	2.6	2.7	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	43,265	22,115	21,145	97.4	97.3	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	225	55	0.6	1.0	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,185	930	255	2.7	4.1	1.2
22 Utilities	510	315	195	1.1	1.4	0.9
23 Construction	2,200	1,910	290	5.0	8.4	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,090	840	250	2.5	3.7	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	780	605	175	1.8	2.7	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,065	2,480	2,590	11.4	10.9	11.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,810	1,410	405	4.1	6.2	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	895	465	430	2.0	2.0	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,220	535	685	2.7	2.4	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	310	225	1.2	1.4	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,815	2,350	1,460	8.6	10.3	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,735	1,085	655	3.9	4.8	3.0
61 Educational services	4,455	1,775	2,685	10.0	7.8	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	6,870	1,695	5,175	15.5	7.5	23.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,050	500	550	2.4	2.2	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	3,390	1,720	1,670	7.6	7.6	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,630	680	955	3.7	3.0	4.4
91 Public administration	4,665	2,225	2,440	10.5	9.8	11.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,645	24,370	23,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,465	23,930	22,540	97.5	98.2	96.8
French	130	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	795	270	525	1.7	1.1	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	200	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,645	24,370	23,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,505	24,315	23,190	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	47,455	24,295	23,160	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	47,170	24,220	22,950	99.0	99.4	98.6
French	285	75	215	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,645	24,370	23,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,775	24,045	22,725	98.2	98.7	97.6
English	175	35	135	0.4	0.1	0.6
French	535	210	325	1.1	0.9	1.4
Non-official language	135	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	60	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	39,605	19,860	19,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,295	3,820	4,475	20.9	19.2	22.7
Worked outside Canada	125	100	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,135	2,930	1,210	10.4	14.8	6.1
Usual place of work	27,045	13,015	14,035	68.3	65.5	71.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,045	13,020	14,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,835	8,290	9,545	65.9	63.7	68.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,650	4,325	4,325	32.0	33.2	30.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	280	195	80	1.0	1.5	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	280	200	80	1.0	1.5	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,180	15,945	15,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,265	13,200	13,065	84.2	82.8	85.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,470	12,080	11,385	75.3	75.8	74.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,795	1,120	1,680	9.0	7.0	11.0
Public transit	1,545	780	760	5.0	4.9	5.0
Walked	2,225	1,145	1,080	7.1	7.2	7.1
Bicycle	85	60	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
Other method	1,065	760	310	3.4	4.8	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,180	15,945	15,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,930	7,260	7,670	47.9	45.5	50.3
15 to 29 minutes	12,350	6,375	5,975	39.6	40.0	39.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,550	1,450	1,100	8.2	9.1	7.2
45 to 59 minutes	490	270	220	1.6	1.7	1.4
60 minutes and over	860	590	270	2.8	3.7	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,180	15,945	15,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	930	720	210	3.0	4.5	1.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,900	1,885	1,015	9.3	11.8	6.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,835	4,660	4,175	28.3	29.2	27.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,545	4,460	5,085	30.6	28.0	33.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,490	1,960	2,535	14.4	12.3	16.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,475	2,265	2,215	14.4	14.2	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,835	7,610	7,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	745	360	380	5.0	4.7	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,095	7,245	6,845	95.0	95.2	94.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,090	5,660	5,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	550	270	280	5.0	4.8	5.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	305	145	165	2.8	2.6	3.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	245	125	115	2.2	2.2	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,540	5,385	5,155	95.0	95.1	94.8

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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