Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John's EastMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	87,345	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,697	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,299	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,756	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	266.0	...	...	266.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	328.38	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	87,345	42,930	44,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,700	6,520	6,180	14.5	15.2	13.9
0 to 4 years	3,585	1,875	1,710	4.1	4.4	3.9
5 to 9 years	4,310	2,165	2,145	4.9	5.0	4.8
10 to 14 years	4,800	2,480	2,320	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	58,650	29,275	29,375	67.1	68.2	66.1
15 to 19 years	4,780	2,500	2,280	5.5	5.8	5.1
20 to 24 years	6,460	3,430	3,030	7.4	8.0	6.8
25 to 29 years	5,925	3,020	2,905	6.8	7.0	6.5
30 to 34 years	5,790	2,940	2,855	6.6	6.8	6.4
35 to 39 years	5,905	2,920	2,985	6.8	6.8	6.7
40 to 44 years	5,870	2,835	3,035	6.7	6.6	6.8
45 to 49 years	6,005	2,970	3,035	6.9	6.9	6.8
50 to 54 years	6,055	2,915	3,135	6.9	6.8	7.1
55 to 59 years	6,065	2,920	3,145	6.9	6.8	7.1
60 to 64 years	5,790	2,820	2,970	6.6	6.6	6.7
65 years and over	15,990	7,135	8,860	18.3	16.6	19.9
65 to 69 years	5,020	2,410	2,605	5.7	5.6	5.9
70 to 74 years	4,190	1,930	2,260	4.8	4.5	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,065	1,405	1,660	3.5	3.3	3.7
80 to 84 years	1,950	820	1,130	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	1,770	575	1,195	2.0	1.3	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,090	405	685	1.2	0.9	1.5
90 to 94 years	505	125	375	0.6	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	170	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.2	13.9	14.5	15.2	13.9
15 to 64 years	67.1	68.2	66.1	67.1	68.2	66.1
65 years and over	18.3	16.6	19.9	18.3	16.6	19.9
85 years and over	2.0	1.3	2.7	2.0	1.3	2.7
Average age of the population	42.0	40.7	43.1	42.0	40.7	43.1
Median age of the population	42.0	40.4	43.2	42.0	40.4	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,810	...	...	56.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,365	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	2,705	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,885	...	...	21.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,560	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	345	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,755	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	13,085	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 persons	6,000	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	5,030	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,880	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	85,150	41,815	43,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	74,645	36,410	38,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,150	20,540	20,610	55.1	56.4	53.9
Married	32,765	16,365	16,405	43.9	44.9	42.9
Living common-law	8,385	4,180	4,210	11.2	11.5	11.0
Living common law - Never married	6,670	3,280	3,385	8.9	9.0	8.9
Living common law - Separated	225	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,350	705	640	1.8	1.9	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	33,490	15,865	17,625	44.9	43.6	46.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,605	12,650	10,960	31.6	34.7	28.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,580	680	900	2.1	1.9	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,185	1,645	2,540	5.6	4.5	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,125	895	3,230	5.5	2.5	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,760	...	...	53.1	...	...
3 persons	5,375	...	...	22.4	...	...
4 persons	4,560	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,330	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,130	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	15,935	...	...	66.3	...	...
With children⁶	8,430	...	...	35.1	...	...
Without children	7,505	...	...	31.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,195	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,395	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	2,800	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,895	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,025	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	865	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	85,150	41,820	43,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	66,905	33,045	33,865	78.6	79.0	78.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,260	20,100	20,165	47.3	48.1	46.5
Parents in one-parent families	3,895	865	3,030	4.6	2.1	7.0
Children⁶	22,755	12,080	10,670	26.7	28.9	24.6
In a two-parent family	17,020	8,995	8,025	20.0	21.5	18.5
In a one-parent family	5,735	3,085	2,650	6.7	7.4	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,240	8,775	9,470	21.4	21.0	21.9
Living alone	10,755	4,690	6,065	12.6	11.2	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,065	865	1,200	2.4	2.1	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	5,425	3,220	2,205	6.4	7.7	5.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,915	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	18,705	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,230	...	...	25.1	...	...
Without children	9,475	...	...	25.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,210	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	665	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	890	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,400	...	...	6.5	...	...
One-person households	10,755	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,460	35,300	37,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,845	33,990	35,855	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,200	39,600	42,800	47,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,875	34,005	35,875	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,800	35,600	38,000	40,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,935	30,475	31,460	85.5	86.3	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,000	39,200	44,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,470	26,050	25,420	71.0	73.8	68.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,200	35,200	40,000	45,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,675	24,030	29,645	74.1	68.1	79.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	11,400	10,700	11,000	11,400	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,875	4,740	4,130	12.2	13.4	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,880	6,000	6,280	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,265	9,740	9,530	26.6	27.6	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,355	35,105	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,720	33,850	35,875	96.4	96.4	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,800	69,000	51,080	59,800	69,000	51,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,755	33,870	35,890	96.4	96.5	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	53,150	41,880	47,360	53,150	41,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,830	30,320	31,510	85.5	86.4	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,250	67,700	47,200	57,250	67,700	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,390	25,890	25,500	71.0	73.8	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,350	65,900	46,680	56,350	65,900	46,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,495	23,975	29,515	73.9	68.3	79.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,730	11,780	11,690	11,730	11,780	11,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,795	4,570	4,220	12.2	13.0	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,970	8,050	7,900	7,970	8,050	7,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,120	9,635	9,490	26.4	27.4	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,800	8,810	8,810	8,800	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,350	35,105	37,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,020	12,920	12,100	34.6	36.8	32.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	78,500	62,000	69,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,600	100,500	73,800	87,600	100,500	73,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,555	9,650	9,900	27.0	27.5	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	18,600	14,900	16,400	18,600	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	36,080	25,240	30,600	36,080	25,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	88.0	81.2	85.0	88.0	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	73.0	65.0	69.4	73.0	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.0	12.1	18.8	15.0	12.1	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.3	4.6	4.0	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.6	4.0	3.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,455	35,300	37,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,610	1,310	1,300	3.6	3.7	3.5
With total income	69,850	33,995	35,860	96.4	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,610	3,015	8.0	7.7	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,055	3,580	4,480	11.5	10.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	10,455	4,675	5,780	15.0	13.8	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	8,460	3,710	4,750	12.1	10.9	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,450	3,230	4,215	10.7	9.5	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,960	2,680	3,275	8.5	7.9	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,780	2,350	2,425	6.8	6.9	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,780	1,930	1,845	5.4	5.7	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,200	1,705	1,495	4.6	5.0	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	1,275	1,345	3.7	3.8	3.8
$100,000 and over	9,475	6,245	3,230	13.6	18.4	9.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,805	3,605	2,200	8.3	10.6	6.1
$150,000 and over	3,670	2,640	1,030	5.3	7.8	2.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,455	35,300	37,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,585	1,300	1,285	3.6	3.7	3.5
With after-tax income	69,875	34,000	35,870	96.4	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,965	2,695	3,270	8.5	7.9	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,460	3,775	4,685	12.1	11.1	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	12,490	5,625	6,860	17.9	16.5	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,160	4,470	5,695	14.5	13.1	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,650	3,855	4,790	12.4	11.3	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,510	3,220	3,295	9.3	9.5	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,930	2,565	2,360	7.1	7.5	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	1,920	1,880	5.4	5.6	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,365	1,350	1,010	3.4	4.0	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,610	1,020	590	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,935	3,495	1,435	7.1	10.3	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,290	1,595	700	3.3	4.7	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,650	1,905	740	3.8	5.6	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,455	35,300	37,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,985	9,250	11,740	29.0	26.2	31.6
With employment income	51,470	26,050	25,420	71.0	73.8	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,755	3,600	4,160	15.1	13.8	16.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,130	1,935	2,200	8.0	7.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,715	2,710	3,005	11.1	10.4	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,285	2,070	2,215	8.3	7.9	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,845	1,760	2,080	7.5	6.8	8.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,085	1,830	2,260	7.9	7.0	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	3,520	1,620	1,905	6.8	6.2	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,165	1,615	1,550	6.1	6.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	1,420	1,290	5.3	5.5	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,500	1,310	1,195	4.9	5.0	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125	1,020	1,100	4.1	3.9	4.3
$100,000 and over	7,625	5,165	2,460	14.8	19.8	9.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,005	1,830	1,180	5.8	7.0	4.6
$125,000 and over	4,620	3,335	1,285	9.0	12.8	5.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,460	35,300	37,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,180	33,100	35,080	94.1	93.8	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,200	37,600	41,600	47,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,240	33,110	35,130	94.2	93.8	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,990	30,015	30,970	84.2	85.0	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	34,800	40,400	46,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,580	26,055	25,525	71.2	73.8	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,200	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,805	20,315	26,485	64.6	57.5	71.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	7,650	7,350	7,450	7,650	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,385	3,865	3,515	10.2	10.9	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,300	6,850	7,150	7,300	6,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,355	35,105	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,180	32,980	35,205	94.2	93.9	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,150	70,000	48,960	59,150	70,000	48,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,220	32,980	35,240	94.3	93.9	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	53,050	39,880	46,240	53,050	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,940	29,810	31,135	84.2	84.9	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,300	71,400	47,680	59,300	71,400	47,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,710	25,900	25,810	71.5	73.8	69.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	68,300	46,840	57,600	68,300	46,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,555	20,215	26,340	64.3	57.6	70.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,860	9,060	8,970	8,860	9,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,135	3,700	3,440	9.9	10.5	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,860	8,780	8,950	8,860	8,780	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,350	35,105	37,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,820	12,810	12,010	34.3	36.5	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	75,000	58,400	66,500	75,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,900	98,200	70,800	84,900	98,200	70,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,405	9,040	9,365	25.4	25.8	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	24,400	19,200	21,400	24,400	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,760	45,560	30,240	37,760	45,560	30,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.2	86.2	89.6	92.2	86.2
Employment income (%)	73.8	76.6	70.2	73.8	76.6	70.2
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.8	13.8	10.4	7.8	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	113,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,900	...	...	53,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,760	...	...	43,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	595	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	685	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,435	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,410	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,405	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,315	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,415	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,375	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,235	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,105	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,670	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,940	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,045	...	...	11.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,610	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	610	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	725	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,600	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,505	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,710	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,665	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,545	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,250	...	...	33.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,135	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,915	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,195	...	...	14.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,180	7,915	8,265	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	33,600	35,600	34,800	33,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	30,400	32,800	31,600	30,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,400	...	...	141,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,700	...	...	124,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	182,800	...	...	182,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...	67,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,985	7,645	8,340	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,440	46,280	46,560	46,440	46,280	46,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	37,840	38,920	38,400	37,840	38,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	85,150	41,815	43,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,475	7,965	7,505	18.2	19.0	17.3
0 to 5 years	4,470	2,305	2,165	5.2	5.5	5.0
18 to 64 years	55,140	27,220	27,920	64.8	65.1	64.4
65 years and over	14,535	6,630	7,905	17.1	15.9	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,200	4,920	5,280	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,130	1,160	970	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	720	390	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,170	3,005	3,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,895	755	1,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.8	12.2	12.0	11.8	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	13.8	14.5	13.0	13.8	14.5	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.9	15.4	16.1	16.9	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	11.0	11.3	11.2	11.0	11.3
65 years and over (%)	13.1	11.4	14.4	13.1	11.4	14.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	85,150	41,820	43,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,475	7,965	7,510	18.2	19.0	17.3
0 to 5 years	4,470	2,305	2,165	5.2	5.5	5.0
18 to 64 years	55,140	27,220	27,920	64.8	65.1	64.4
65 years and over	14,535	6,630	7,905	17.1	15.9	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,855	2,610	2,250	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	740	410	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	130	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,935	2,120	1,810	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	75	105	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	6.2	5.2	5.7	6.2	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	5.1	4.4	4.8	5.1	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.7	5.2	5.4	5.7	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	7.8	6.5	7.1	7.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	85,150	41,815	43,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,620	19,120	20,500	46.5	45.7	47.3
In bottom decile	10,230	5,195	5,040	12.0	12.4	11.6
In second decile	7,965	3,705	4,260	9.4	8.9	9.8
In third decile	7,105	3,320	3,785	8.3	7.9	8.7
In fourth decile	7,095	3,430	3,665	8.3	8.2	8.5
In fifth decile	7,230	3,475	3,750	8.5	8.3	8.7
In top half of the distribution	45,535	22,695	22,835	53.5	54.3	52.7
In sixth decile	7,630	3,700	3,935	9.0	8.8	9.1
In seventh decile	8,095	4,025	4,065	9.5	9.6	9.4
In eighth decile	9,110	4,495	4,615	10.7	10.7	10.6
In ninth decile	9,955	5,000	4,955	11.7	12.0	11.4
In top decile	10,740	5,480	5,265	12.6	13.1	12.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	85,150	...	...	85,150	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.364	...	...	0.364	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463	...	...	0.463	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	85,525	42,030	43,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,900	38,485	38,415	89.9	91.6	88.3
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	8,225	3,350	4,870	9.6	8.0	11.2
Neither English nor French	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	85,525	42,030	43,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	84,460	41,525	42,940	98.8	98.8	98.7
French	575	270	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	155	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	330	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	85,525	42,030	43,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,225	41,340	42,880	98.5	98.4	98.6
Official languages	78,840	38,415	40,425	92.2	91.4	92.9
English	78,300	38,165	40,135	91.6	90.8	92.3
French	535	245	290	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	5,385	2,930	2,455	6.3	7.0	5.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,370	2,920	2,455	6.3	6.9	5.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,055	585	470	1.2	1.4	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,000	555	445	1.2	1.3	1.0
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	850	490	360	1.0	1.2	0.8
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	365	155	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	125	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,420	1,400	1,025	2.8	3.3	2.4
Albanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,435	895	545	1.7	2.1	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,140	740	400	1.3	1.8	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	410	275	135	0.5	0.7	0.3
Gujarati	105	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	110	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	295	150	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	245	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	215	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	235	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	745	370	375	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	740	365	370	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	545	270	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,300	690	610	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and French	295	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	865	480	385	1.0	1.1	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	85,525	42,030	43,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	78,695	38,475	40,215	92.0	91.5	92.5
French	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,335	730	605	1.6	1.7	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,335	730	605	1.6	1.7	1.4
English and French	780	310	470	0.9	0.7	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,235	2,280	1,960	5.0	5.4	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	85,525	42,030	43,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,445	41,485	42,955	98.7	98.7	98.8
Official languages	81,565	39,940	41,630	95.4	95.0	95.7
English	81,275	39,805	41,475	95.0	94.7	95.4
French	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	2,880	1,545	1,335	3.4	3.7	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,875	1,545	1,330	3.4	3.7	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	655	345	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	625	330	290	0.7	0.8	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	540	300	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,215	685	525	1.4	1.6	1.2
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	840	505	335	1.0	1.2	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	620	385	230	0.7	0.9	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	220	135	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	235	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	455	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	365	190	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,080	545	535	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	935	475	455	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	85,525	42,030	43,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,095	39,740	41,360	94.8	94.6	95.1
English	1,335	700	640	1.6	1.7	1.5
French	605	240	365	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	1,845	995	850	2.2	2.4	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,820	985	835	2.1	2.3	1.9
English and French	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	315	190	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	84,985	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,610	41,405	43,205	99.6	99.5	99.6
English	84,545	41,375	43,170	99.5	99.4	99.5
French	8,375	3,485	4,880	9.9	8.4	11.3
Non-official languages	8,675	4,550	4,120	10.2	10.9	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,610	4,520	4,090	10.1	10.9	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,480	865	615	1.7	2.1	1.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,440	840	600	1.7	2.0	1.4
Amharic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,200	705	500	1.4	1.7	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	615	260	355	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	475	215	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	355	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Telugu	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,440	2,415	2,025	5.2	5.8	4.7
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	480	265	220	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	475	265	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	260	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	720	360	360	0.8	0.9	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	540	275	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
German	535	270	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	140	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,070	1,230	845	2.4	3.0	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,730	1,060	670	2.0	2.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	645	390	255	0.8	0.9	0.6
Gujarati	195	170	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Hindi	805	550	255	0.9	1.3	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	200	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	355	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	140	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,230	605	630	1.4	1.5	1.5
Catalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	840	385	460	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	590	300	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages	245	85	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
American Sign Language	235	80	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	895	475	420	1.1	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	880	465	415	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	720	395	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,990	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,960	1,460	1,500	3.5	3.5	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,725	1,355	1,375	3.2	3.3	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,760	865	900	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis	565	290	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	400	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	82,025	40,150	41,875	96.5	96.5	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,990	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,030	485	540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,960	41,120	42,835	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,980	...	...	68.0	...	...
Renter	11,740	...	...	32.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,780	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not condominium	34,935	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,040	...	...	21.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,785	...	...	40.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,705	...	...	29.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,260	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,110	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	5,720	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,625	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,005	...	...	38.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,490	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,925	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	790	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,215	...	...	19.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,360	...	...	25.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,475	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,405	...	...	12.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,025	...	...	8.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,310	...	...	9.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,335	...	...	9.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,600	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,105	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,610	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,935	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,370	...	...	47.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,405	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,725	...	...	4.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,340	...	...	14.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,325	...	...	17.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,845	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,010	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,520	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,055	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	900	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,695	...	...	81.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,865	...	...	18.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,175	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,760	...	...	23.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,430	...	...	17.5	...	...
Not suitable only	650	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,195	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,955	...	...	76.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,020	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	32,850	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,970	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.9	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,438	...	...	1,438	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	366,800	...	...	366,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.0	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.2	...	...	19.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,046	...	...	1,046	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	84,985	41,610	43,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,400	645	750	1.6	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,335	620	715	1.6	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	895	405	495	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	275	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,120	1,575	1,545	3.7	3.8	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,050	1,540	1,505	3.6	3.7	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,420	1,255	1,165	2.8	3.0	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	140	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	305	145	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	80,470	39,390	41,080	94.7	94.7	94.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	84,985	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	79,605	38,685	40,920	93.7	93.0	94.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,645	7,515	7,125	17.2	18.1	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,965	31,170	33,795	76.4	74.9	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,380	2,925	2,455	6.3	7.0	5.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	84,985	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,125	36,910	39,215	89.6	88.7	90.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,960	3,055	2,905	7.0	7.3	6.7
Before 1980	1,045	535	505	1.2	1.3	1.2
1980 to 1990	335	205	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
1991 to 2000	440	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,170	600	570	1.4	1.4	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,965	1,490	1,475	3.5	3.6	3.4
2011 to 2015	1,070	550	520	1.3	1.3	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,895	940	955	2.2	2.3	2.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,905	1,645	1,260	3.4	4.0	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,955	3,050	2,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	655	360	295	11.0	11.8	10.2
5 to 14 years	1,100	550	550	18.5	18.0	18.9
15 to 24 years	820	410	410	13.8	13.4	14.1
25 to 44 years	2,955	1,510	1,440	49.6	49.5	49.6
45 years and over	430	225	205	7.2	7.4	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,955	3,050	2,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	795	380	410	13.4	12.5	14.1
Brazil	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.7
Colombia	70	35	40	1.2	1.1	1.4
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	20	35	1.0	0.7	1.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
United States of America	455	225	225	7.6	7.4	7.7
Other places of birth in Americas	125	55	65	2.1	1.8	2.2
Europe	1,525	860	665	25.6	28.2	22.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	25	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Croatia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
France	85	35	50	1.4	1.1	1.7
Germany	100	65	35	1.7	2.1	1.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Poland	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Portugal	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romania	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	60	25	30	1.0	0.8	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	20	10	0.4	0.7	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	760	430	325	12.8	14.1	11.2
Other places of birth in Europe	300	175	130	5.0	5.7	4.5
Africa	900	480	415	15.1	15.7	14.3
Algeria	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
Egypt	70	45	20	1.2	1.5	0.7
Eritrea	125	80	50	2.1	2.6	1.7
Ethiopia	60	30	30	1.0	1.0	1.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	185	95	95	3.1	3.1	3.3
Somalia	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	335	160	170	5.6	5.2	5.9
Asia	2,685	1,315	1,375	45.1	43.1	47.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	1.3	1.3	1.4
Iraq	90	35	60	1.5	1.1	2.1
Lebanon	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	335	160	170	5.6	5.2	5.9
Turkey	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
China⁹⁰	380	180	200	6.4	5.9	6.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	35	25	1.1	1.1	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	55	15	40	0.9	0.5	1.4
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Philippines	450	200	255	7.6	6.6	8.8
Viet Nam	45	25	20	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bangladesh	180	100	75	3.0	3.3	2.6
India	425	245	175	7.1	8.0	6.0
Pakistan	120	40	80	2.0	1.3	2.8
Sri Lanka	45	15	25	0.8	0.5	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	315	175	145	5.3	5.7	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	20	35	1.0	0.7	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,900	945	955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	125	60	65	6.6	6.3	6.8
Brazil	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	1.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	20	2.4	2.1	2.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	20	20	2.1	2.1	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	1.3	1.1	1.0
Europe	165	95	70	8.7	10.1	7.3
France	20	10	15	1.1	1.1	1.6
Germany	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	45	10	3.2	4.8	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	25	20	2.1	2.6	2.1
Africa	465	235	225	24.5	24.9	23.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.0
Eritrea	70	45	30	3.7	4.8	3.1
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	145	75	75	7.6	7.9	7.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	25	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	45	15	25	2.4	1.6	2.6
Tunisia	30	10	15	1.6	1.1	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	95	55	40	5.0	5.8	4.2
Asia	1,140	550	590	60.0	58.2	61.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	60	30	25	3.2	3.2	2.6
China⁹⁰	130	65	70	6.8	6.9	7.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	105	60	8.4	11.1	6.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.0
Iraq	40	10	30	2.1	1.1	3.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Lebanon	40	20	20	2.1	2.1	2.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	15	25	2.1	1.6	2.6
Philippines	255	95	160	13.4	10.1	16.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	270	140	130	14.2	14.8	13.6
Turkey	25	20	0	1.3	2.1	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	20	40	3.2	2.1	4.2
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	84,990	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,520	5,050	4,470	11.2	12.1	10.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,540	2,740	2,800	6.5	6.6	6.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	69,925	33,815	36,110	82.3	81.3	83.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,910	2,510	2,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,825	1,480	1,340	57.5	59.0	55.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,335	875	460	27.2	34.9	19.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,490	610	880	30.3	24.3	36.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	970	455	510	19.8	18.1	21.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,090	550	535	22.2	21.9	22.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,910	2,510	2,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	35	35	1.4	1.4	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	910	450	460	18.5	17.9	19.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	260	165	100	5.3	6.6	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	710	420	285	14.5	16.7	11.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,940	1,435	1,505	59.9	57.2	62.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	84,990	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,060	4,285	3,770	9.5	10.3	8.7
South Asian	2,390	1,395	995	2.8	3.4	2.3
Chinese	1,075	560	515	1.3	1.3	1.2
Black	1,750	905	840	2.1	2.2	1.9
Filipino	580	265	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Arab	975	575	400	1.1	1.4	0.9
Latin American	400	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Southeast Asian	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	340	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,930	37,320	39,605	90.5	89.7	91.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	84,985	41,610	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,165	8,005	8,160	19.0	19.2	18.8
English	32,035	15,225	16,810	37.7	36.6	38.8
Irish	28,100	13,450	14,650	33.1	32.3	33.8
Scottish	7,595	3,640	3,950	8.9	8.7	9.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,975	1,840	2,135	4.7	4.4	4.9
German	1,875	920	955	2.2	2.2	2.2
Chinese	1,035	515	520	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	740	395	340	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indian (India)	1,250	715	535	1.5	1.7	1.2
Ukrainian	455	240	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
Dutch	450	210	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Polish	470	235	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Québécois	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,305	1,515	1,785	3.9	3.6	4.1
Filipino	630	305	330	0.7	0.7	0.8
French Canadian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,995	1,900	2,095	4.7	4.6	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	725	390	335	0.9	0.9	0.8
Métis	600	270	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,865	910	955	2.2	2.2	2.2
Russian	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	495	270	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Welsh	1,705	950	750	2.0	2.3	1.7
Portuguese	325	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	570	260	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	325	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swedish	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	315	145	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	410	205	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	460	260	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
Greek	130	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	295	170	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	260	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	235	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,690	830	865	2.0	2.0	2.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	300	185	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	245	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	170	125	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	180	115	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	5,030	2,520	2,510	5.9	6.1	5.8
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	535	270	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bangladeshi	420	260	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Algerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	90	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	470	245	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	84,990	41,610	43,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	60,840	28,740	32,105	71.6	69.1	74.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,265	1,585	1,680	3.8	3.8	3.9
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	12,540	6,020	6,525	14.8	14.5	15.0
Baptist	265	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	31,260	14,595	16,670	36.8	35.1	38.4
Christian Orthodox	305	175	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,975	915	1,055	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,825	850	975	2.1	2.0	2.2
Presbyterian	455	205	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	8,045	3,830	4,220	9.5	9.2	9.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	665	320	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	745	460	290	0.9	1.1	0.7
Jewish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,385	1,285	1,105	2.8	3.1	2.5
Sikh	220	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	310	85	225	0.4	0.2	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	20,120	10,745	9,375	23.7	25.8	21.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	84,295	41,245	43,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,550	35,910	37,640	87.3	87.1	87.4
Movers	10,745	5,335	5,415	12.7	12.9	12.6
Non-migrants	6,845	3,405	3,440	8.1	8.3	8.0
Migrants	3,900	1,925	1,975	4.6	4.7	4.6
Internal migrants	3,375	1,625	1,750	4.0	3.9	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,215	1,070	1,145	2.6	2.6	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,160	560	600	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	530	300	225	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	81,570	39,855	41,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,430	25,315	27,115	64.3	63.5	65.0
Movers	29,140	14,540	14,600	35.7	36.5	35.0
Non-migrants	11,710	5,960	5,750	14.4	15.0	13.8
Migrants	17,430	8,580	8,850	21.4	21.5	21.2
Internal migrants	13,630	6,560	7,070	16.7	16.5	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	9,995	4,705	5,285	12.3	11.8	12.7
Interprovincial migrants	3,630	1,850	1,780	4.5	4.6	4.3
External migrants	3,800	2,020	1,780	4.7	5.1	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,355	35,105	37,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,770	4,690	4,080	12.1	13.4	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,585	30,415	33,170	87.9	86.6	89.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,640	22,660	23,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,235	1,905	1,330	6.9	8.4	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,410	20,755	22,650	93.1	91.6	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,355	35,105	37,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,075	4,215	3,860	11.2	12.0	10.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,195	9,255	8,945	25.1	26.4	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,080	21,630	24,450	63.7	61.6	65.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,935	10,580	11,355	30.3	30.1	30.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,845	3,325	1,520	6.7	9.5	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,575	1,400	1,175	3.6	4.0	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,270	1,925	350	3.1	5.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,240	6,435	8,805	21.1	18.3	23.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,840	815	1,030	2.5	2.3	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,150	11,055	13,095	33.4	31.5	35.2
Bachelor's degree	14,270	6,325	7,945	19.7	18.0	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,095	540	555	1.5	1.5	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	895	445	450	1.2	1.3	1.2
Master's degree	6,305	2,725	3,580	8.7	7.8	9.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,590	1,020	570	2.2	2.9	1.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,640	22,660	23,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,770	1,600	1,170	5.9	7.1	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,930	4,735	4,195	19.1	20.9	17.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,940	16,325	18,620	74.9	72.0	77.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,180	7,910	8,265	34.7	34.9	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,480	2,465	1,015	7.5	10.9	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,830	1,040	795	3.9	4.6	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,645	1,425	220	3.5	6.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,595	4,940	6,655	24.9	21.8	27.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105	505	605	2.4	2.2	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,760	8,410	10,350	40.2	37.1	43.2
Bachelor's degree	10,920	4,900	6,020	23.4	21.6	25.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	870	405	460	1.9	1.8	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	775	370	405	1.7	1.6	1.7
Master's degree	5,075	2,075	3,005	10.9	9.2	12.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,115	660	460	2.4	2.9	1.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,355	35,105	37,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,275	13,470	12,800	36.3	38.4	34.4
Education	3,890	1,065	2,820	5.4	3.0	7.6
13. Education	3,890	1,065	2,820	5.4	3.0	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,195	500	695	1.7	1.4	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	85	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,080	415	660	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	2,500	1,005	1,500	3.5	2.9	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	75	190	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	695	230	465	1.0	0.7	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	185	325	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	130	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	310	185	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	30	155	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,470	1,690	2,775	6.2	4.8	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	150	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	75	540	0.8	0.2	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	720	330	390	1.0	0.9	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	875	170	700	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,765	920	845	2.4	2.6	2.3
Business, management and public administration	10,175	3,415	6,755	14.1	9.7	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	605	130	480	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,550	3,290	6,260	13.2	9.4	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,295	1,150	1,145	3.2	3.3	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,060	440	620	1.5	1.3	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	160	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	760	525	235	1.1	1.5	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,405	1,540	865	3.3	4.4	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,945	1,325	620	2.7	3.8	1.7
25. Library science	160	20	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	275	165	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,820	7,645	1,170	12.2	21.8	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,765	2,230	540	3.8	6.4	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,300	1,860	445	3.2	5.3	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,680	1,630	45	2.3	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,305	35	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	610	560	45	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	675	345	330	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	135	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	345	210	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	6,910	1,535	5,375	9.6	4.4	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	240	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,995	1,080	4,920	8.3	3.1	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	210	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,745	1,735	1,010	3.8	4.9	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,245	410	840	1.7	1.2	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	430	340	90	0.6	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,060	980	85	1.5	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,645	22,655	23,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,700	6,335	5,365	25.1	28.0	22.4
Education	2,395	605	1,790	5.1	2.7	7.5
13. Education	2,395	605	1,790	5.1	2.7	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	980	405	580	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	885	335	550	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	1,790	700	1,085	3.8	3.1	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	60	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	465	155	310	1.0	0.7	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	400	135	270	0.9	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	240	155	90	0.5	0.7	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	15	110	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,470	1,215	2,255	7.4	5.4	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	120	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	475	50	420	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	550	220	335	1.2	1.0	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	655	100	555	1.4	0.4	2.3
45. Social sciences	1,375	685	695	2.9	3.0	2.9
Business, management and public administration	7,780	2,615	5,165	16.7	11.5	21.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	75	370	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,325	2,535	4,785	15.7	11.2	20.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,640	820	825	3.5	3.6	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	755	310	445	1.6	1.4	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	115	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	570	380	185	1.2	1.7	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,085	1,340	745	4.5	5.9	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,740	1,185	555	3.7	5.2	2.3
25. Library science	135	20	115	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	200	125	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,725	5,700	1,030	14.4	25.2	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	90	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,215	1,725	500	4.7	7.6	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,800	1,410	390	3.9	6.2	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,250	1,210	35	2.7	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	915	885	35	2.0	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	440	405	35	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	520	245	280	1.1	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245	100	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	145	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Health and related fields	5,315	1,230	4,085	11.4	5.4	17.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	195	200	0.8	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,575	855	3,720	9.8	3.8	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	310	170	135	0.7	0.8	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,240	1,455	785	4.8	6.4	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010	345	665	2.2	1.5	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	290	65	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	870	810	60	1.9	3.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,645	22,655	23,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,700	6,335	5,365	25.1	28.0	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,940	16,325	18,620	74.9	72.1	77.6
Location of study inside Canada	31,915	14,910	17,005	68.4	65.8	70.9
Same as province or territory of residence	26,075	12,190	13,890	55.9	53.8	57.9
Different than province or territory of residence	5,840	2,720	3,120	12.5	12.0	13.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,025	1,415	1,605	6.5	6.2	6.7
Americas	630	275	350	1.4	1.2	1.5
United States of America	420	195	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	815	470	345	1.7	2.1	1.4
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450	280	170	1.0	1.2	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	310	150	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	115	40	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	110	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asia	1,200	500	710	2.6	2.2	3.0
Iran⁸⁸	120	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iraq	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	275	105	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	255	125	135	0.5	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,355	35,105	37,250	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,015	23,350	22,660	...	...	...
Employed	41,190	20,525	20,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,820	2,825	1,990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,340	11,750	14,590	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	66.5	60.8	63.6	66.5	60.8
Employment rate	56.9	58.5	55.5	56.9	58.5	55.5
Unemployment rate	10.5	12.1	8.8	10.5	12.1	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,355	35,105	37,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,125	11,600	14,525	36.1	33.0	39.0
Worked	46,230	23,505	22,725	63.9	67.0	61.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,505	13,230	12,275	35.2	37.7	33.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,725	10,275	10,450	28.6	29.3	28.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.0	41.2	41.1	41.0	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,010	23,350	22,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,140	610	530	2.5	2.6	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,870	22,740	22,130	97.5	97.4	97.7
Employee	40,215	19,975	20,245	87.4	85.5	89.3
Permanent position	30,290	15,040	15,250	65.8	64.4	67.3
Temporary position	9,930	4,935	4,995	21.6	21.1	22.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,185	1,415	1,770	6.9	6.1	7.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,740	3,515	3,225	14.6	15.1	14.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,655	2,770	1,885	10.1	11.9	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,010	23,350	22,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,140	610	530	2.5	2.6	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,870	22,740	22,130	97.5	97.4	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	630	480	145	1.4	2.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,555	2,375	5,180	16.4	10.2	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,590	3,510	1,080	10.0	15.0	4.8
3 Health occupations	4,505	1,065	3,445	9.8	4.6	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,970	2,500	4,470	15.1	10.7	19.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,705	705	995	3.7	3.0	4.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,775	5,645	6,125	25.6	24.2	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,710	5,225	485	12.4	22.4	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	785	700	80	1.7	3.0	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	650	530	120	1.4	2.3	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,010	23,350	22,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,140	610	530	2.5	2.6	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	44,870	22,740	22,130	97.5	97.4	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	265	65	0.7	1.1	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,280	1,020	255	2.8	4.4	1.1
22 Utilities	555	345	205	1.2	1.5	0.9
23 Construction	2,430	2,095	335	5.3	9.0	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,130	850	280	2.5	3.6	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	875	675	205	1.9	2.9	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,395	2,655	2,740	11.7	11.4	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,000	1,540	455	4.3	6.6	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	880	440	440	1.9	1.9	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,240	505	740	2.7	2.2	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	565	335	235	1.2	1.4	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,905	2,390	1,510	8.5	10.2	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,665	1,030	630	3.6	4.4	2.8
61 Educational services	4,515	1,735	2,780	9.8	7.4	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,125	1,690	5,435	15.5	7.2	24.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,040	500	535	2.3	2.1	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,260	1,565	1,695	7.1	6.7	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,690	700	985	3.7	3.0	4.3
91 Public administration	4,920	2,350	2,565	10.7	10.1	11.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	49,320	25,030	24,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,150	24,625	23,530	97.6	98.4	96.9
French	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	815	260	555	1.7	1.0	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	180	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	49,320	25,030	24,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,180	24,985	24,195	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	49,135	24,960	24,170	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	48,870	24,895	23,970	99.1	99.5	98.7
French	270	65	200	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	135	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	49,320	25,030	24,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,440	24,720	23,720	98.2	98.8	97.7
English	165	35	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	560	200	360	1.1	0.8	1.5
Non-official language	125	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	41,190	20,525	20,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,450	3,820	4,630	20.5	18.6	22.4
Worked outside Canada	110	85	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,350	3,145	1,205	10.6	15.3	5.8
Usual place of work	28,280	13,470	14,810	68.7	65.6	71.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,280	13,470	14,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,025	7,845	9,180	60.2	58.2	62.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,665	5,200	5,465	37.7	38.6	36.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	300	220	85	1.1	1.6	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	285	205	75	1.0	1.5	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,635	16,620	16,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,090	14,055	14,045	86.1	84.6	87.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,255	12,930	12,325	77.4	77.8	77.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,835	1,120	1,715	8.7	6.7	10.7
Public transit	1,350	705	645	4.1	4.2	4.0
Walked	1,950	965	980	6.0	5.8	6.1
Bicycle	85	60	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	1,160	835	325	3.6	5.0	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,635	16,620	16,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,405	7,445	7,960	47.2	44.8	49.7
15 to 29 minutes	13,340	6,815	6,520	40.9	41.0	40.7
30 to 44 minutes	2,485	1,425	1,055	7.6	8.6	6.6
45 to 59 minutes	450	250	210	1.4	1.5	1.3
60 minutes and over	955	690	265	2.9	4.2	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,635	16,620	16,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,000	770	230	3.1	4.6	1.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,080	1,995	1,080	9.4	12.0	6.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,575	5,080	4,500	29.3	30.6	28.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,865	4,550	5,315	30.2	27.4	33.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,490	1,940	2,555	13.8	11.7	16.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,620	2,290	2,325	14.2	13.8	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,815	8,130	7,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	770	370	400	4.9	4.6	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,045	7,755	7,290	95.1	95.4	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,920	6,105	5,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	570	280	295	4.8	4.6	5.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	150	170	2.7	2.5	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	130	120	2.1	2.1	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,355	5,830	5,530	95.3	95.5	95.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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