Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SherbrookeMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,845	56,760	60,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,280	8,510	7,775	13.9	15.0	12.9
0 to 4 years	5,045	2,670	2,375	4.3	4.7	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,565	2,885	2,680	4.8	5.1	4.5
10 to 14 years	5,675	2,950	2,725	4.9	5.2	4.5
15 to 64 years	73,175	36,715	36,455	62.6	64.7	60.7
15 to 19 years	5,825	2,935	2,890	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	10,385	5,180	5,210	8.9	9.1	8.7
25 to 29 years	9,530	4,980	4,555	8.2	8.8	7.6
30 to 34 years	7,480	3,960	3,525	6.4	7.0	5.9
35 to 39 years	6,755	3,480	3,275	5.8	6.1	5.5
40 to 44 years	6,725	3,350	3,375	5.8	5.9	5.6
45 to 49 years	5,765	2,855	2,910	4.9	5.0	4.8
50 to 54 years	5,810	2,850	2,955	5.0	5.0	4.9
55 to 59 years	7,155	3,465	3,690	6.1	6.1	6.1
60 to 64 years	7,740	3,665	4,075	6.6	6.5	6.8
65 years and over	27,390	11,540	15,850	23.4	20.3	26.4
65 to 69 years	7,480	3,445	4,035	6.4	6.1	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,780	3,090	3,690	5.8	5.4	6.1
75 to 79 years	5,305	2,315	2,990	4.5	4.1	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,605	1,345	2,265	3.1	2.4	3.8
85 years and over	4,215	1,340	2,880	3.6	2.4	4.8
85 to 89 years	2,410	845	1,560	2.1	1.5	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,340	415	930	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	400	75	325	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	70	5	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	15.0	12.9	13.9	15.0	12.9
15 to 64 years	62.6	64.7	60.7	62.6	64.7	60.7
65 years and over	23.4	20.3	26.4	23.4	20.3	26.4
85 years and over	3.6	2.4	4.8	3.6	2.4	4.8
Average age of the population	43.3	41.4	45.1	43.3	41.4	45.1
Median age of the population	41.6	39.2	44.0	41.6	39.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	57,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,065	...	...	27.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,270	...	...	3.9	...	...
Row house	1,550	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,650	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,445	...	...	54.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,445	...	...	4.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	57,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	26,055	...	...	45.2	...	...
2 persons	19,225	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 persons	5,450	...	...	9.5	...	...
4 persons	4,310	...	...	7.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,535	...	...	4.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,130	54,995	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,560	48,255	52,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,245	24,085	24,160	48.0	49.9	46.2
Married	25,390	12,700	12,690	25.2	26.3	24.3
Living common-law	22,855	11,385	11,470	22.7	23.6	21.9
Living common law - Never married	18,650	9,220	9,430	18.5	19.1	18.0
Living common law - Separated	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,560	1,855	1,705	3.5	3.8	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	420	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	52,315	24,170	28,145	52.0	50.1	53.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,665	19,060	17,605	36.5	39.5	33.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,430	665	765	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,725	3,185	5,545	8.7	6.6	10.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,495	1,265	4,230	5.5	2.6	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,525	...	...	61.2	...	...
3 persons	4,805	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	4,045	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,235	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,520	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	12,090	...	...	42.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,450	...	...	15.6	...	...
Without children	7,640	...	...	26.7	...	...
Common-law couples	11,430	...	...	39.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,560	...	...	15.9	...	...
Without children	6,865	...	...	24.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,095	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,790	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,305	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,130	54,995	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,845	38,510	39,335	69.4	70.0	68.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,030	23,475	23,560	41.9	42.7	41.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,095	1,305	3,790	4.5	2.4	6.6
Children⁶	25,720	13,735	11,985	22.9	25.0	21.0
In a two-parent family	17,795	9,450	8,350	15.9	17.2	14.6
In a one-parent family	7,920	4,285	3,635	7.1	7.8	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	34,285	16,485	17,795	30.6	30.0	31.1
Living alone	26,055	11,985	14,075	23.2	21.8	24.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,045	935	1,110	1.8	1.7	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	6,180	3,575	2,610	5.5	6.5	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	57,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,305	...	...	47.4	...	...
Couple-family households	22,715	...	...	39.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,680	...	...	15.1	...	...
Without children	14,035	...	...	24.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,595	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	830	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,055	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	26,055	...	...	45.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,860	46,500	49,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,525	45,315	48,210	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200	35,600	38,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,535	45,315	48,215	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,400	30,400	32,400	34,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,835	40,720	42,120	86.4	87.6	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	32,000	24,200	28,000	32,000	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,915	32,785	31,125	66.7	70.5	63.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	32,800	27,200	30,000	32,800	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,850	38,465	43,380	85.4	82.7	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,900	12,200	11,100	9,900	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,590	5,810	4,780	11.0	12.5	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,800	4,840	4,800	4,800	4,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,580	14,790	12,785	28.8	31.8	25.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,950	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,665	45,300	48,370	97.6	97.4	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,320	48,400	40,520	44,320	48,400	40,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,670	45,300	48,370	97.6	97.4	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,320	39,760	35,040	37,320	39,760	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,870	40,720	42,145	86.4	87.5	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	43,360	33,200	38,200	43,360	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,080	32,800	31,280	66.8	70.5	63.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	42,640	35,760	39,280	42,640	35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,750	38,295	43,450	85.2	82.3	87.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,090	11,160	12,900	12,090	11,160	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,590	5,765	4,820	11.0	12.4	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,145	5,690	6,690	6,145	5,690	6,690
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,270	14,710	12,555	28.4	31.6	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,320	7,690	7,490	7,320	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,950	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,915	14,320	12,595	28.1	30.8	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	54,800	48,800	51,600	54,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,850	66,000	57,050	61,850	66,000	57,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,215	14,740	15,470	31.5	31.7	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,000	16,000	17,400	19,000	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,740	26,520	23,040	24,740	26,520	23,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.6	71.4	76.2	80.6	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.6	63.8	57.1	60.6	63.8	57.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	19.5	28.6	23.8	19.5	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.6	6.1	5.9	5.6	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,860	46,500	49,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,335	1,190	1,145	2.4	2.6	2.3
With total income	93,525	45,315	48,210	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,910	2,755	3,155	6.3	6.1	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	13,540	5,885	7,655	14.5	13.0	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	19,185	8,365	10,825	20.5	18.5	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	13,800	6,680	7,120	14.8	14.7	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,260	5,975	6,290	13.1	13.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,915	4,535	4,385	9.5	10.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,980	3,175	2,805	6.4	7.0	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,170	2,305	1,865	4.5	5.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015	1,590	1,425	3.2	3.5	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	1,075	910	2.1	2.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,760	2,975	1,785	5.1	6.6	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	3,270	1,960	1,305	3.5	4.3	2.7
$150,000 and over	1,495	1,020	475	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,860	46,500	49,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,325	1,185	1,140	2.4	2.5	2.3
With after-tax income	93,535	45,315	48,215	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,280	2,840	3,440	6.7	6.3	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	14,145	6,180	7,960	15.1	13.6	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	22,355	9,980	12,375	23.9	22.0	25.7
$30,000 to $39,999	16,860	8,385	8,475	18.0	18.5	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,300	6,715	6,585	14.2	14.8	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,085	4,305	3,780	8.6	9.5	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,110	2,675	2,435	5.5	5.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	1,530	1,470	3.2	3.4	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490	815	675	1.6	1.8	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	875	530	350	0.9	1.2	0.7
$100,000 and over	2,035	1,345	690	2.2	3.0	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,030	670	360	1.1	1.5	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,000	675	325	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,860	46,500	49,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,945	13,715	18,230	33.3	29.5	36.9
With employment income	63,910	32,785	31,125	66.7	70.5	63.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,330	4,175	4,155	13.0	12.7	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,905	2,635	3,275	9.2	8.0	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,820	4,595	5,225	15.4	14.0	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,915	3,925	3,985	12.4	12.0	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,230	3,770	3,460	11.3	11.5	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,585	3,335	3,255	10.3	10.2	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,835	2,655	2,175	7.6	8.1	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	2,120	1,505	5.7	6.5	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,675	1,500	1,180	4.2	4.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,195	1,200	3.7	3.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	740	500	1.9	2.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,360	2,145	1,215	5.3	6.6	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,635	985	650	2.6	3.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,725	1,160	565	2.7	3.5	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,860	46,500	49,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,980	44,520	47,455	96.0	95.7	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,200	29,400	32,000	35,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,005	44,525	47,485	96.0	95.8	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	31,800	27,200	29,200	31,800	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,480	40,090	41,390	85.0	86.2	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	32,400	24,600	28,200	32,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,840	32,705	31,135	66.6	70.3	63.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,800	26,800	29,600	32,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,855	35,105	40,745	79.1	75.5	82.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,160	9,200	7,600	5,160	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,050	4,950	4,095	9.4	10.6	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	4,160	4,400	4,240	4,160	4,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,950	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,200	44,580	47,620	96.1	95.8	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,960	44,880	37,240	40,960	44,880	37,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,230	44,585	47,645	96.1	95.8	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	37,200	32,120	34,600	37,200	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,535	40,220	41,315	85.0	86.4	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,600	32,760	37,600	42,600	32,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,150	32,860	31,295	66.9	70.6	63.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	41,600	34,520	38,160	41,600	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,770	35,015	40,755	79.0	75.3	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,360	8,250	10,310	9,360	8,250	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,095	5,005	4,090	9.5	10.8	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,270	5,370	7,370	6,270	5,370	7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,950	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,720	14,185	12,540	27.8	30.5	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	51,600	44,400	48,000	51,600	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,750	61,400	51,450	56,750	61,400	51,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,520	13,980	14,545	29.7	30.0	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	20,800	17,800	19,200	20,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,360	29,520	25,280	27,360	29,520	25,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.6	76.4	81.2	85.6	76.4
Employment income (%)	64.8	68.4	60.9	64.8	68.4	60.9
Government transfers (%)	18.8	14.4	23.7	18.8	14.4	23.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	57,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	57,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,700	...	...	60,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,160	...	...	40,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,600	...	...	34,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	57,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	525	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,375	...	...	2.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,350	...	...	4.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,965	...	...	8.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,235	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,020	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,430	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,370	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,135	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,310	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,350	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,785	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,265	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	4.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,265	...	...	21.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,725	...	...	8.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,860	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,875	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	57,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	610	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	545	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410	...	...	2.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,445	...	...	4.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,395	...	...	9.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,945	...	...	6.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,655	...	...	6.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,180	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,780	...	...	6.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,405	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,705	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,650	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,060	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,460	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,385	...	...	14.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,055	...	...	7.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,110	...	...	3.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,220	...	...	3.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,240	15,555	16,685	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,000	29,800	31,000	32,000	29,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,600	29,400	28,200	28,600	29,400	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,150	...	...	61,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,145	15,510	16,640	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,200	39,480	37,000	38,200	39,480	37,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,120	33,680	32,640	33,120	33,680	32,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,130	54,995	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,515	10,170	9,340	17.4	18.5	16.3
0 to 5 years	6,110	3,220	2,890	5.4	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	68,945	34,295	34,645	61.5	62.4	60.6
65 years and over	23,675	10,530	13,145	21.1	19.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,180	9,290	10,895	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,905	1,495	1,415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	945	510	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,615	5,775	5,840	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,660	2,020	3,640	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.0	16.9	19.1	18.0	16.9	19.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	14.7	15.1	14.9	14.7	15.1
0 to 5 years (%)	15.5	16.0	15.0	15.5	16.0	15.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.8	16.8	16.9	16.8	16.8	16.9
65 years and over (%)	23.9	19.2	27.7	23.9	19.2	27.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,130	54,995	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,515	10,170	9,340	17.4	18.5	16.3
0 to 5 years	6,110	3,220	2,890	5.4	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	68,945	34,295	34,645	61.5	62.4	60.6
65 years and over	23,675	10,530	13,145	21.1	19.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,950	4,145	3,805	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	865	420	450	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	280	145	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,565	3,515	3,050	...	...	...
65 years and over	520	210	305	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.1	7.5	6.7	7.1	7.5	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.1	4.8	4.4	4.1	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	10.3	8.8	9.5	10.3	8.8
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,130	55,000	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	75,855	36,585	39,275	67.6	66.5	68.7
In bottom decile	18,305	8,585	9,720	16.3	15.6	17.0
In second decile	16,505	7,875	8,630	14.7	14.3	15.1
In third decile	15,385	7,425	7,965	13.7	13.5	13.9
In fourth decile	13,775	6,775	7,000	12.3	12.3	12.3
In fifth decile	11,875	5,925	5,950	10.6	10.8	10.4
In top half of the distribution	36,270	18,415	17,855	32.3	33.5	31.3
In sixth decile	10,360	5,250	5,110	9.2	9.5	8.9
In seventh decile	8,835	4,495	4,345	7.9	8.2	7.6
In eighth decile	7,235	3,650	3,585	6.5	6.6	6.3
In ninth decile	5,385	2,740	2,640	4.8	5.0	4.6
In top decile	4,455	2,280	2,175	4.0	4.1	3.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,125	...	...	112,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.327	...	...	0.327	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.474	...	...	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,840	55,830	59,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,605	880	720	1.4	1.6	1.2
French only	58,535	26,120	32,415	51.0	46.8	54.9
English and French	53,630	28,295	25,330	46.7	50.7	42.9
Neither English nor French	1,075	530	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,840	55,830	59,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,745	2,415	2,330	4.1	4.3	3.9
French	106,370	51,450	54,920	92.6	92.2	93.1
English and French	2,695	1,455	1,235	2.3	2.6	2.1
Neither English nor French	1,030	505	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,840	55,830	59,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,910	54,330	57,575	97.4	97.3	97.6
Official languages	101,450	49,095	52,350	88.3	87.9	88.7
English	3,255	1,620	1,640	2.8	2.9	2.8
French	98,195	47,480	50,715	85.5	85.0	85.9
Non-official languages	10,455	5,235	5,225	9.1	9.4	8.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,440	5,225	5,215	9.1	9.4	8.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,260	1,200	1,055	2.0	2.1	1.8
Berber languages	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,020	1,070	955	1.8	1.9	1.6
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,930	1,025	905	1.7	1.8	1.5
Aramaic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,030	2,990	3,040	5.3	5.4	5.2
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020	485	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,020	485	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	725	355	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	420	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,680	830	845	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	265	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,410	695	715	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,365	670	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	1,135	550	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iranian Persian	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,115	1,565	1,555	2.7	2.8	2.6
Catalan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	275	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,600	1,295	1,300	2.3	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	955	455	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	290	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,930	1,495	1,435	2.6	2.7	2.4
English and French	1,515	765	750	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	955	490	470	0.8	0.9	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,840	55,830	59,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,025	1,040	985	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	94,675	45,485	49,190	82.4	81.5	83.4
Non-official language	3,590	1,800	1,790	3.1	3.2	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,590	1,800	1,790	3.1	3.2	3.0
English and French	6,785	3,635	3,150	5.9	6.5	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	695	365	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	4,840	2,345	2,495	4.2	4.2	4.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,985	1,035	945	1.7	1.9	1.6
Multiple non-official languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,840	55,830	59,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,215	53,975	57,245	96.8	96.7	97.0
Official languages	104,915	50,840	54,075	91.4	91.1	91.6
English	3,410	1,735	1,675	3.0	3.1	2.8
French	101,510	49,110	52,400	88.4	88.0	88.8
Non-official languages	6,300	3,130	3,170	5.5	5.6	5.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,295	3,130	3,165	5.5	5.6	5.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,300	665	640	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,210	610	595	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,135	580	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,000	1,970	2,030	3.5	3.5	3.4
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	585	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	585	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	445	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	275	140	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,315	635	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,125	550	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,085	525	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	915	440	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian Persian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,020	1,010	1,005	1.8	1.8	1.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,750	870	875	1.5	1.6	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	170	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,625	1,855	1,770	3.2	3.3	3.0
English and French	1,565	810	760	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	270	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,455	725	730	1.3	1.3	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	290	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,840	55,830	59,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,305	49,850	53,455	90.0	89.3	90.6
English	4,770	2,615	2,150	4.2	4.7	3.6
French	2,670	1,315	1,355	2.3	2.4	2.3
Non-official language	2,390	1,180	1,210	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,385	1,175	1,210	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	440	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	690	350	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	295	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,240	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,160	54,510	56,650	99.0	99.0	99.1
English	54,435	28,625	25,810	48.5	52.0	45.1
French	109,595	53,625	55,970	97.6	97.4	97.9
Non-official languages	17,220	8,425	8,790	15.3	15.3	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,190	8,420	8,765	15.3	15.3	15.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,085	1,635	1,450	2.7	3.0	2.5
Berber languages	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,870	1,530	1,340	2.6	2.8	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,820	1,510	1,315	2.5	2.7	2.3
Aramaic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	105	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,105	5,365	5,735	9.9	9.7	10.0
Albanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,305	675	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,305	675	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	360	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	805	415	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bosnian	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	495	250	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	595	335	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	495	300	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	485	290	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,175	1,175	1,000	1.9	2.1	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	585	365	225	0.5	0.7	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	290	195	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,800	935	860	1.6	1.7	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,745	905	840	1.6	1.6	1.5
Dari	1,460	730	725	1.3	1.3	1.3
Iranian Persian	270	155	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,310	3,350	3,955	6.5	6.1	6.9
Catalan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	550	280	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	445	240	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	6,575	2,945	3,630	5.9	5.3	6.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,970	930	1,035	1.8	1.7	1.8
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	380	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	760	400	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Wojenaka	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	335	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,240	55,050	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,880	845	1,030	1.7	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,780	790	995	1.6	1.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,220	525	695	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	505	245	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,360	54,205	56,155	98.3	98.5	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,240	55,050	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	375	145	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,865	54,915	56,950	99.7	99.8	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,130	...	...	40.2	...	...
Renter	34,460	...	...	59.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,275	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not condominium	51,315	...	...	89.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	710	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	12,335	...	...	21.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,255	...	...	35.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,190	...	...	28.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,110	...	...	14.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,640	...	...	48.0	...	...
5 rooms	10,470	...	...	18.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,670	...	...	8.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,965	...	...	17.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,065	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	525	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	56,085	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,510	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,330	...	...	21.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,615	...	...	30.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,200	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,375	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,715	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,405	...	...	5.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,405	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,550	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,545	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,050	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,465	...	...	61.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,900	...	...	36.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,230	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	57,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,985	...	...	8.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,820	...	...	17.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,345	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,715	...	...	13.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,810	...	...	17.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,565	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,560	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,795	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	57,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,585	...	...	81.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,750	...	...	18.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,010	...	...	17.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	57,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,535	...	...	25.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,100	...	...	17.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,275	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,390	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	535	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,055	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	56,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,955	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not in core need	53,640	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,125	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.8	...	...	60.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,053	...	...	1,053	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,800	...	...	280,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,465	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.2	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	747	...	...	747	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,235	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,985	875	1,110	1.8	1.6	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,945	860	1,085	1.7	1.6	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,800	800	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis single ancestry	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,065	1,320	1,750	2.7	2.4	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,050	1,315	1,740	2.7	2.4	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,880	1,230	1,650	2.6	2.2	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,185	52,865	54,325	95.5	96.0	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,240	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,745	51,120	53,625	93.3	92.9	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,095	9,570	8,520	16.1	17.4	14.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,655	41,550	45,105	77.2	75.5	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,490	3,935	3,555	6.7	7.1	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,240	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,470	47,340	50,130	86.8	86.0	87.7
Immigrants⁸¹	11,725	5,945	5,780	10.4	10.8	10.1
Before 1980	860	500	355	0.8	0.9	0.6
1980 to 1990	570	275	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,475	775	705	1.3	1.4	1.2
2001 to 2010	3,085	1,625	1,465	2.7	3.0	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,730	2,770	2,960	5.1	5.0	5.2
2011 to 2015	2,295	1,115	1,180	2.0	2.0	2.1
2016 to 2021	3,435	1,655	1,780	3.1	3.0	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,045	1,770	1,275	2.7	3.2	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,725	5,945	5,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,350	705	645	11.5	11.9	11.2
5 to 14 years	2,265	1,085	1,185	19.3	18.3	20.5
15 to 24 years	1,790	900	890	15.3	15.1	15.4
25 to 44 years	5,395	2,775	2,620	46.0	46.7	45.3
45 years and over	920	475	445	7.8	8.0	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,725	5,945	5,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,480	1,210	1,270	21.2	20.4	22.0
Brazil	130	60	65	1.1	1.0	1.1
Colombia	810	380	430	6.9	6.4	7.4
El Salvador	105	55	50	0.9	0.9	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	235	120	115	2.0	2.0	2.0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Mexico	135	65	70	1.2	1.1	1.2
Peru	90	40	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	300	135	165	2.6	2.3	2.9
Other places of birth in Americas	665	345	320	5.7	5.8	5.5
Europe	2,820	1,525	1,300	24.1	25.7	22.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	525	265	260	4.5	4.5	4.5
Croatia	65	30	25	0.6	0.5	0.4
France	1,240	695	545	10.6	11.7	9.4
Germany	75	40	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
Greece	30	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	50	25	0.7	0.8	0.4
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Poland	55	20	35	0.5	0.3	0.6
Portugal	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	95	55	50	0.8	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	125	60	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	335	200	135	2.9	3.4	2.3
Africa	3,765	1,915	1,855	32.1	32.2	32.1
Algeria	410	230	180	3.5	3.9	3.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	510	240	275	4.3	4.0	4.8
Egypt	105	50	55	0.9	0.8	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	650	365	285	5.5	6.1	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,070	1,030	1,040	17.7	17.3	18.0
Asia	2,655	1,295	1,360	22.6	21.8	23.5
Afghanistan	1,035	500	530	8.8	8.4	9.2
Iran⁸⁸	145	85	60	1.2	1.4	1.0
Iraq	220	100	125	1.9	1.7	2.2
Lebanon	115	65	45	1.0	1.1	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	250	135	115	2.1	2.3	2.0
Turkey	35	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
China⁹⁰	135	60	75	1.2	1.0	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	260	140	120	2.2	2.4	2.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	270	105	160	2.3	1.8	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,435	1,655	1,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	340	150	190	9.9	9.1	10.7
Brazil	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
Colombia	125	50	75	3.6	3.0	4.2
Haiti	30	10	20	0.9	0.6	1.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
United States of America	35	10	25	1.0	0.6	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	100	60	35	2.9	3.6	2.0
Europe	415	220	195	12.1	13.3	11.0
France	270	150	115	7.9	9.1	6.5
Germany	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	25	30	1.6	1.5	1.7
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	30	40	2.0	1.8	2.2
Africa	1,240	580	655	36.1	35.0	36.8
Algeria	75	35	45	2.2	2.1	2.5
Burundi	60	20	40	1.7	1.2	2.2
Cameroon	145	75	65	4.2	4.5	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	95	110	6.1	5.7	6.2
Côte d'Ivoire	75	30	45	2.2	1.8	2.5
Egypt	35	15	15	1.0	0.9	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	125	70	60	3.6	4.2	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	80	40	45	2.3	2.4	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	425	200	230	12.4	12.1	12.9
Asia	1,440	705	740	41.9	42.6	41.6
Afghanistan	670	320	345	19.5	19.3	19.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	20	10	0.9	1.2	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	70	45	25	2.0	2.7	1.4
Iraq	100	45	55	2.9	2.7	3.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Lebanon	40	25	15	1.2	1.5	0.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	200	105	100	5.8	6.3	5.6
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	180	105	75	5.2	6.3	4.2
Turkey	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	2.0	1.2	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,240	55,055	57,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,635	8,085	7,550	13.9	14.7	13.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,970	3,575	3,395	6.2	6.5	5.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	89,630	43,395	46,235	79.9	78.8	80.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,865	5,445	5,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,005	2,115	1,890	36.9	38.8	34.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,870	1,245	620	17.2	22.9	11.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,145	870	1,270	19.7	16.0	23.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,780	785	995	16.4	14.4	18.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,035	2,530	2,510	46.3	46.5	46.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,865	5,445	5,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	355	205	150	3.3	3.8	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	605	320	285	5.6	5.9	5.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	180	115	65	1.7	2.1	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	630	385	245	5.8	7.1	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,040	4,385	4,655	83.2	80.5	85.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,235	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,045	6,715	6,325	11.6	12.2	11.1
South Asian	560	325	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Chinese	495	190	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	4,525	2,295	2,230	4.0	4.2	3.9
Filipino	175	125	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab	2,370	1,305	1,065	2.1	2.4	1.9
Latin American	2,505	1,270	1,230	2.2	2.3	2.2
Southeast Asian	380	145	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	1,540	815	725	1.4	1.5	1.3
Korean	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,195	48,340	50,855	88.4	87.8	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,235	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,050	17,700	19,355	33.0	32.1	33.8
English	1,960	930	1,035	1.7	1.7	1.8
Irish	5,435	2,460	2,975	4.8	4.5	5.2
Scottish	1,780	800	980	1.6	1.5	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,305	14,655	14,655	26.1	26.6	25.6
German	1,550	715	835	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	525	200	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italian	1,810	875	940	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indian (India)	375	210	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukrainian	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Québécois	14,100	7,045	7,050	12.6	12.8	12.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	190	130	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	8,810	4,195	4,610	7.8	7.6	8.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,500	1,190	1,305	2.2	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,360	1,080	1,280	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,280	665	620	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian	265	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	300	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	985	435	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	1,065	535	525	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swedish	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	750	360	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistani	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	770	390	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,000	515	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Greek	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	60	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	225	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,025	555	470	0.9	1.0	0.8
Danish	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	615	245	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sikh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	815	415	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	510	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	380	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	345	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	945	460	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	760	460	295	0.7	0.8	0.5
Czech	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	390	230	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	1,350	680	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	440	255	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Brazilian	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	170	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	350	130	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	670	350	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	320	195	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	305	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	205	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	280	160	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guatemalan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nepali	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	435	165	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moldovan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	210	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norman	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	290	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	380	195	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	205	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,235	55,055	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	68,355	31,900	36,455	60.9	57.9	63.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,060	2,555	2,505	4.5	4.6	4.4
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	425	180	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	59,380	27,550	31,835	52.9	50.0	55.7
Christian Orthodox	830	435	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	530	230	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	435	165	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Presbyterian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	185	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,095	570	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Hindu	225	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jewish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	5,400	2,775	2,615	4.8	5.0	4.6
Sikh	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	565	295	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	37,260	19,710	17,550	33.2	35.8	30.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,135	54,480	56,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,610	44,815	46,790	82.4	82.3	82.6
Movers	19,525	9,660	9,860	17.6	17.7	17.4
Non-migrants	13,460	6,675	6,785	12.1	12.3	12.0
Migrants	6,070	2,985	3,075	5.5	5.5	5.4
Internal migrants	5,395	2,615	2,780	4.9	4.8	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,025	2,425	2,600	4.5	4.5	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	670	380	300	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,965	52,200	54,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,680	25,875	27,810	50.2	49.6	50.8
Movers	53,280	26,325	26,955	49.8	50.4	49.2
Non-migrants	29,050	14,195	14,860	27.2	27.2	27.1
Migrants	24,230	12,135	12,095	22.7	23.2	22.1
Internal migrants	19,040	9,430	9,610	17.8	18.1	17.5
Intraprovincial migrants	18,225	9,030	9,195	17.0	17.3	16.8
Interprovincial migrants	815	400	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	5,190	2,705	2,490	4.9	5.2	4.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,945	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,350	9,815	8,530	19.1	21.1	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,600	36,715	40,885	80.9	78.9	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,250	27,950	28,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,775	4,530	3,255	13.8	16.2	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,465	23,420	25,045	86.2	83.8	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,950	46,535	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,270	8,370	7,895	17.0	18.0	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,500	9,135	10,365	20.3	19.6	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,180	29,025	31,155	62.7	62.4	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,785	17,555	18,230	37.3	37.7	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,975	8,495	6,480	15.6	18.3	13.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,050	5,540	5,515	11.5	11.9	11.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,925	2,955	970	4.1	6.4	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,605	7,695	9,910	18.3	16.5	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,210	1,375	1,835	3.3	3.0	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,395	11,470	12,925	25.4	24.6	26.2
Bachelor's degree	13,890	6,160	7,735	14.5	13.2	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,755	820	930	1.8	1.8	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,020	445	575	1.1	1.0	1.2
Master's degree	5,970	2,910	3,060	6.2	6.3	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,765	1,135	625	1.8	2.4	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,250	27,950	28,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,515	3,660	2,860	11.6	13.1	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,760	4,705	4,050	15.6	16.8	14.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,975	19,585	21,390	72.8	70.1	75.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,730	11,390	11,345	40.4	40.8	40.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,645	5,945	4,695	18.9	21.3	16.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,020	3,935	4,085	14.3	14.1	14.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,625	2,010	610	4.7	7.2	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,230	4,630	5,595	18.2	16.6	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	810	1,050	3.3	2.9	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,245	8,200	10,045	32.4	29.3	35.5
Bachelor's degree	9,985	4,265	5,715	17.8	15.3	20.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,265	550	715	2.2	2.0	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	270	485	1.3	1.0	1.7
Master's degree	4,865	2,255	2,610	8.6	8.1	9.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,375	850	525	2.4	3.0	1.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,950	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,770	17,505	18,265	37.3	37.6	37.0
Education	4,925	1,355	3,565	5.1	2.9	7.2
13. Education	4,925	1,355	3,565	5.1	2.9	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,770	755	1,020	1.8	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	160	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,560	600	960	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	4,660	2,080	2,580	4.9	4.5	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	510	125	385	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	155	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,305	1,030	1,275	2.4	2.2	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	290	210	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	455	290	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	700	225	470	0.7	0.5	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,915	2,000	3,915	6.2	4.3	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	640	235	405	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	895	95	795	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	425	705	1.2	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	270	90	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,460	365	1,095	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,375	725	645	1.4	1.6	1.3
Business, management and public administration	11,620	4,400	7,220	12.1	9.5	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	270	790	1.1	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,540	4,120	6,420	11.0	8.9	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,395	1,890	1,505	3.5	4.1	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,320	615	705	1.4	1.3	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	330	215	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	845	420	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
40. Physical sciences	755	555	195	0.8	1.2	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,085	1,560	530	2.2	3.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,695	1,340	360	1.8	2.9	0.7
25. Library science	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	170	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,945	9,995	945	11.4	21.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,360	1,975	385	2.5	4.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,395	2,150	245	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,375	2,290	85	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,960	1,915	50	2.0	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,605	1,530	80	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	695	700	1.4	1.5	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	805	315	490	0.8	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	590	375	215	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	9,735	2,340	7,395	10.1	5.0	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575	335	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,725	1,780	6,945	9.1	3.8	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	410	215	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,620	1,925	1,695	3.8	4.1	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,310	795	1,515	2.4	1.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	590	485	100	0.6	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	625	75	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,250	27,950	28,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,275	8,365	6,910	27.2	29.9	24.4
Education	3,080	765	2,315	5.5	2.7	8.2
13. Education	3,080	765	2,315	5.5	2.7	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,260	495	760	2.2	1.8	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	105	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,100	390	710	2.0	1.4	2.5
Humanities	2,475	1,035	1,435	4.4	3.7	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	360	90	265	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	120	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,005	440	570	1.8	1.6	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	120	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	260	160	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	430	120	305	0.8	0.4	1.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,150	1,275	2,880	7.4	4.6	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	170	335	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	685	60	625	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	770	260	505	1.4	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	75	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	895	180	710	1.6	0.6	2.5
45. Social sciences	975	485	490	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	8,095	3,010	5,085	14.4	10.8	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	795	190	600	1.4	0.7	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,295	2,815	4,475	13.0	10.1	15.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,955	1,100	850	3.5	3.9	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	465	545	1.8	1.7	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	570	405	165	1.0	1.4	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,225	460	3.0	4.4	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,395	1,075	315	2.5	3.8	1.1
25. Library science	75	15	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	125	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,780	7,015	770	13.8	25.1	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,910	1,605	310	3.4	5.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,690	1,505	185	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,575	1,495	75	2.8	5.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,325	1,280	40	2.4	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,110	1,045	65	2.0	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	570	540	2.0	2.0	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	245	375	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	320	165	0.9	1.1	0.6
Health and related fields	6,650	1,625	5,025	11.8	5.8	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	240	195	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,905	1,245	4,660	10.5	4.5	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300	140	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,640	1,430	1,210	4.7	5.1	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,650	580	1,075	2.9	2.1	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	350	75	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	500	60	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,250	27,950	28,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,275	8,365	6,910	27.2	29.9	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,975	19,585	21,390	72.8	70.1	75.6
Location of study inside Canada	37,020	17,475	19,545	65.8	62.5	69.1
Same as province or territory of residence	36,365	17,150	19,215	64.6	61.4	67.9
Different than province or territory of residence	660	325	330	1.2	1.2	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,950	2,105	1,845	7.0	7.5	6.5
Americas	890	455	445	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cuba	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	270	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,585	925	655	2.8	3.3	2.3
Belgium	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
France	1,045	625	420	1.9	2.2	1.5
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	870	450	425	1.5	1.6	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	200	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	360	195	170	0.6	0.7	0.6
Asia	595	275	320	1.1	1.0	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraq	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	115	95	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,950	46,530	49,420	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,335	29,780	28,555	...	...	...
Employed	54,300	27,710	26,595	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,040	2,075	1,965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,610	16,750	20,865	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.8	64.0	57.8	60.8	64.0	57.8
Employment rate	56.6	59.6	53.8	56.6	59.6	53.8
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.9	7.0	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,950	46,530	49,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,620	16,260	20,360	38.2	34.9	41.2
Worked	59,335	30,270	29,060	61.8	65.1	58.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,690	14,765	12,925	28.9	31.7	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,635	15,505	16,135	33.0	33.3	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.8	40.1	40.5	40.8	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,340	29,780	28,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	590	680	2.2	2.0	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,065	29,190	27,875	97.8	98.0	97.6
Employee	51,415	26,130	25,290	88.1	87.7	88.6
Permanent position	40,940	21,120	19,820	70.2	70.9	69.4
Temporary position	10,475	5,000	5,465	18.0	16.8	19.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,080	1,810	2,270	7.0	6.1	7.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,395	3,195	3,200	11.0	10.7	11.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,650	3,065	2,590	9.7	10.3	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,340	29,780	28,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	590	680	2.2	2.0	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,065	29,190	27,875	97.8	98.0	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	670	475	200	1.1	1.6	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,235	2,665	5,570	14.1	8.9	19.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,485	3,630	860	7.7	12.2	3.0
3 Health occupations	6,730	1,600	5,125	11.5	5.4	17.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,040	3,020	6,020	15.5	10.1	21.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,780	905	870	3.1	3.0	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,625	6,935	7,685	25.1	23.3	26.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,315	6,745	575	12.5	22.6	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	750	600	145	1.3	2.0	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,435	2,610	820	5.9	8.8	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,340	29,780	28,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	590	680	2.2	2.0	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	57,065	29,190	27,875	97.8	98.0	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	650	420	230	1.1	1.4	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	130	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	165	130	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
23 Construction	2,785	2,445	340	4.8	8.2	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	6,995	5,190	1,805	12.0	17.4	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,010	700	315	1.7	2.4	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,970	3,370	3,600	11.9	11.3	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,480	1,240	240	2.5	4.2	0.8
51 Information and cultural industries	965	610	350	1.7	2.0	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,305	540	770	2.2	1.8	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	725	420	305	1.2	1.4	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,555	2,650	1,900	7.8	8.9	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,095	1,245	850	3.6	4.2	3.0
61 Educational services	6,370	2,575	3,795	10.9	8.6	13.3
62 Health care and social assistance	11,225	2,700	8,530	19.2	9.1	29.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870	475	400	1.5	1.6	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,585	1,880	1,705	6.1	6.3	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,610	1,160	1,450	4.5	3.9	5.1
91 Public administration	2,535	1,310	1,225	4.3	4.4	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,150	32,215	30,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,620	975	645	2.6	3.0	2.1
French	47,325	23,440	23,895	74.9	72.8	77.2
Non-official language	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	13,505	7,430	6,075	21.4	23.1	19.6
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	220	90	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	210	140	0.5	0.7	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,150	32,215	30,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,545	31,270	30,270	97.5	97.1	97.8
Official languages	61,410	31,205	30,205	97.2	96.9	97.6
English	3,265	1,930	1,335	5.2	6.0	4.3
French	58,140	29,270	28,870	92.1	90.9	93.3
Non-official languages	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,605	940	670	2.5	2.9	2.2
English and French	1,515	895	625	2.4	2.8	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,150	32,215	30,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,585	25,365	25,220	80.1	78.7	81.5
English	10,480	5,665	4,810	16.6	17.6	15.5
French	1,600	920	685	2.5	2.9	2.2
Non-official language	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	230	125	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,295	27,705	26,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,140	4,435	4,700	16.8	16.0	17.7
Worked outside Canada	65	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,705	3,420	1,290	8.7	12.3	4.9
Usual place of work	40,390	19,790	20,605	74.4	71.4	77.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,390	19,790	20,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,725	15,725	17,995	83.5	79.5	87.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,600	4,015	2,590	16.3	20.3	12.6
Commute to a different province or territory	65	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,095	23,210	21,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,890	19,695	18,195	84.0	84.9	83.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,580	18,600	16,980	78.9	80.1	77.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,310	1,090	1,220	5.1	4.7	5.6
Public transit	2,955	1,315	1,640	6.6	5.7	7.5
Walked	3,135	1,565	1,575	7.0	6.7	7.2
Bicycle	450	330	120	1.0	1.4	0.5
Other method	660	310	355	1.5	1.3	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,095	23,210	21,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,615	8,725	9,895	41.3	37.6	45.2
15 to 29 minutes	18,510	9,660	8,850	41.0	41.6	40.4
30 to 44 minutes	5,070	2,975	2,090	11.2	12.8	9.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,650	1,005	645	3.7	4.3	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,250	840	410	2.8	3.6	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,095	23,210	21,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,865	1,345	520	4.1	5.8	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,315	4,400	1,920	14.0	19.0	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,550	6,940	7,610	32.3	29.9	34.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,580	4,395	6,185	23.5	18.9	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,195	1,920	2,270	9.3	8.3	10.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,590	4,210	3,380	16.8	18.1	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,915	10,365	9,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,620	1,335	1,290	13.2	12.9	13.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,295	9,035	8,260	86.8	87.2	86.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,520	7,520	7,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,975	1,000	975	13.6	13.3	13.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,540	775	765	10.6	10.3	10.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	230	205	3.0	3.1	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,545	6,520	6,025	86.4	86.7	86.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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