Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SherbrookeMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	151,157	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	140,300^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	77,092	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	72,074	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,473.1	...	...	1,473.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	102.61	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	151,155	73,650	77,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,205	12,045	11,160	15.4	16.4	14.4
0 to 4 years	7,085	3,715	3,365	4.7	5.0	4.3
5 to 9 years	7,925	4,105	3,820	5.2	5.6	4.9
10 to 14 years	8,200	4,225	3,975	5.4	5.7	5.1
15 to 64 years	95,005	47,420	47,590	62.9	64.4	61.4
15 to 19 years	7,910	4,055	3,860	5.2	5.5	5.0
20 to 24 years	12,300	6,185	6,115	8.1	8.4	7.9
25 to 29 years	11,715	6,005	5,710	7.8	8.2	7.4
30 to 34 years	9,685	5,025	4,660	6.4	6.8	6.0
35 to 39 years	9,055	4,605	4,445	6.0	6.3	5.7
40 to 44 years	9,295	4,570	4,725	6.1	6.2	6.1
45 to 49 years	7,935	3,915	4,020	5.2	5.3	5.2
50 to 54 years	7,960	3,925	4,030	5.3	5.3	5.2
55 to 59 years	9,305	4,490	4,820	6.2	6.1	6.2
60 to 64 years	9,840	4,640	5,200	6.5	6.3	6.7
65 years and over	32,940	14,185	18,760	21.8	19.3	24.2
65 to 69 years	9,430	4,375	5,060	6.2	5.9	6.5
70 to 74 years	8,375	3,845	4,530	5.5	5.2	5.8
75 to 79 years	6,365	2,850	3,520	4.2	3.9	4.5
80 to 84 years	4,145	1,590	2,555	2.7	2.2	3.3
85 years and over	4,620	1,525	3,100	3.1	2.1	4.0
85 to 89 years	2,695	965	1,725	1.8	1.3	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,450	470	985	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	415	85	330	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	65	5	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.4	14.4	15.4	16.4	14.4
15 to 64 years	62.9	64.4	61.4	62.9	64.4	61.4
65 years and over	21.8	19.3	24.2	21.8	19.3	24.2
85 years and over	3.1	2.1	4.0	3.1	2.1	4.0
Average age of the population	42.4	40.7	43.9	42.4	40.7	43.9
Median age of the population	40.8	38.8	42.8	40.8	38.8	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,230	...	...	32.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,935	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	2,365	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,095	...	...	5.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	35,595	...	...	49.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,440	...	...	3.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	250	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	30,270	...	...	42.0	...	...
2 persons	24,445	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	7,520	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	6,330	...	...	8.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,510	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	146,275	71,715	74,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	127,950	61,605	66,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,900	32,365	32,535	50.7	52.5	49.0
Married	33,525	16,750	16,775	26.2	27.2	25.3
Living common-law	31,380	15,615	15,760	24.5	25.3	23.8
Living common law - Never married	25,650	12,640	13,005	20.0	20.5	19.6
Living common law - Separated	280	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,895	2,580	2,320	3.8	4.2	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	545	250	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	63,050	29,240	33,810	49.3	47.5	51.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	44,325	23,130	21,195	34.6	37.5	31.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,715	795	920	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,500	3,830	6,670	8.2	6.2	10.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,510	1,490	5,025	5.1	2.4	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,610	...	...	58.7	...	...
3 persons	6,790	...	...	17.6	...	...
4 persons	6,035	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,095	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,785	...	...	82.5	...	...
Married couples	16,100	...	...	41.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,160	...	...	16.0	...	...
Without children	9,930	...	...	25.8	...	...
Common-law couples	15,690	...	...	40.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,900	...	...	17.9	...	...
Without children	8,785	...	...	22.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,750	...	...	17.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,945	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,805	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	146,275	71,715	74,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	106,500	52,730	53,770	72.8	73.5	72.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,565	31,695	31,865	43.5	44.2	42.7
Parents in one-parent families	6,745	1,805	4,945	4.6	2.5	6.6
Children⁶	36,185	19,230	16,955	24.7	26.8	22.7
In a two-parent family	25,600	13,530	12,065	17.5	18.9	16.2
In a one-parent family	10,585	5,695	4,890	7.2	7.9	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	39,775	18,985	20,785	27.2	26.5	27.9
Living alone	30,270	13,790	16,485	20.7	19.2	22.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,465	1,120	1,345	1.7	1.6	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,040	4,080	2,960	4.8	5.7	4.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	36,830	...	...	51.1	...	...
Couple-family households	30,730	...	...	42.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,615	...	...	17.5	...	...
Without children	18,110	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,100	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	380	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,045	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,470	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	30,270	...	...	42.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	123,080	59,680	63,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,140	58,170	61,970	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,800	37,600	40,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,150	58,175	61,980	97.6	97.5	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	31,800	33,600	36,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,740	52,920	54,825	87.5	88.7	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	34,400	25,800	29,800	34,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,635	43,230	41,405	68.8	72.4	65.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,600	29,200	32,400	35,600	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,555	48,305	55,245	84.1	80.9	87.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,500	12,000	10,800	9,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,950	7,550	6,400	11.3	12.7	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,880	4,800	5,000	4,880	4,800	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,230	18,840	16,390	28.6	31.6	25.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	123,065	59,685	63,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,080	58,130	61,950	97.6	97.4	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	49,960	41,880	45,800	49,960	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,080	58,130	61,955	97.6	97.4	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,480	41,000	36,120	38,480	41,000	36,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,665	52,885	54,780	87.5	88.6	86.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	44,920	34,400	39,560	44,920	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,645	43,265	41,385	68.8	72.5	65.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,720	44,320	36,920	40,720	44,320	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,460	48,260	55,200	84.1	80.9	87.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,970	10,950	12,860	11,970	10,950	12,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,990	7,625	6,365	11.4	12.8	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,270	5,630	7,040	6,270	5,630	7,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,940	18,875	16,060	28.4	31.6	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,370	7,140	7,650	7,370	7,140	7,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	123,065	59,685	63,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,155	19,560	17,595	30.2	32.8	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	56,400	50,000	53,200	56,400	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,300	66,700	57,450	62,300	66,700	57,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,800	19,010	19,785	31.5	31.9	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,200	16,600	18,200	20,200	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	28,320	23,400	25,800	28,320	23,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	81.8	72.6	77.4	81.8	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.7	66.0	58.9	62.7	66.0	58.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.5	18.2	27.4	22.5	18.2	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.3	5.9	5.6	5.3	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	123,085	59,680	63,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,945	1,510	1,435	2.4	2.5	2.3
With total income	120,145	58,175	61,970	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,625	3,550	4,075	6.3	6.1	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	16,330	7,000	9,330	13.6	12.0	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	22,880	9,880	13,000	19.0	17.0	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	17,130	8,155	8,975	14.3	14.0	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	15,965	7,645	8,315	13.3	13.1	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	12,075	6,085	5,990	10.1	10.5	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,360	4,445	3,910	7.0	7.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,860	3,290	2,570	4.9	5.7	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,370	2,340	2,025	3.6	4.0	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	1,540	1,345	2.4	2.6	2.2
$100,000 and over	6,665	4,225	2,435	5.5	7.3	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	4,715	2,885	1,830	3.9	5.0	3.0
$150,000 and over	1,945	1,340	605	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	123,085	59,680	63,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,935	1,505	1,425	2.4	2.5	2.2
With after-tax income	120,155	58,175	61,975	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,100	3,665	4,435	6.7	6.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	17,125	7,390	9,735	14.3	12.7	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	26,710	11,790	14,920	22.2	20.3	24.1
$30,000 to $39,999	21,350	10,500	10,850	17.8	18.0	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	17,795	8,900	8,890	14.8	15.3	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	11,345	6,070	5,280	9.4	10.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,275	3,870	3,405	6.1	6.7	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325	2,195	2,125	3.6	3.8	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,170	1,220	950	1.8	2.1	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,235	770	470	1.0	1.3	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,720	1,805	910	2.3	3.1	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,445	935	505	1.2	1.6	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,280	875	405	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	123,085	59,680	63,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,450	16,455	21,995	31.2	27.6	34.7
With employment income	84,635	43,225	41,405	68.8	72.4	65.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,500	5,245	5,260	12.4	12.1	12.7
$5,000 to $9,999	7,425	3,320	4,110	8.8	7.7	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,175	5,590	6,590	14.4	12.9	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	9,960	4,765	5,200	11.8	11.0	12.6
$30,000 to $39,999	9,465	4,815	4,650	11.2	11.1	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,020	4,480	4,535	10.7	10.4	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,780	3,680	3,100	8.0	8.5	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,270	3,090	2,180	6.2	7.1	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890	2,250	1,640	4.6	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,520	1,780	1,745	4.2	4.1	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	1,085	730	2.1	2.5	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,810	3,135	1,675	5.7	7.3	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,445	1,515	935	2.9	3.5	2.3
$125,000 and over	2,360	1,620	745	2.8	3.7	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	123,080	59,680	63,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	118,040	57,075	60,960	95.9	95.6	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,200	34,400	38,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	118,080	57,085	60,995	95.9	95.7	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	34,000	28,600	31,000	34,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	105,870	52,055	53,825	86.0	87.2	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,200	26,200	30,200	35,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,435	43,035	41,400	68.6	72.1	65.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,000	28,800	32,000	36,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,435	43,630	51,800	77.5	73.1	81.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,000	9,100	7,500	5,000	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,360	6,705	5,660	10.0	11.2	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	4,160	4,560	4,320	4,160	4,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	123,065	59,685	63,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	118,100	57,100	61,000	96.0	95.7	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,560	46,920	38,480	42,560	46,920	38,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	118,135	57,105	61,030	96.0	95.7	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,600	33,160	35,800	38,600	33,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,915	52,165	53,745	86.1	87.4	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	44,560	33,760	39,080	44,560	33,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,680	43,190	41,490	68.8	72.4	65.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	43,880	35,560	39,800	43,880	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,145	43,455	51,690	77.3	72.8	81.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,320	8,180	10,270	9,320	8,180	10,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,355	6,780	5,575	10.0	11.4	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,235	5,225	7,470	6,235	5,225	7,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	123,065	59,685	63,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,945	19,440	17,510	30.0	32.6	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	53,600	45,600	49,600	53,600	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	62,650	51,850	57,550	62,650	51,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,630	17,990	18,640	29.8	30.1	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	22,600	18,600	20,400	22,600	18,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,640	31,680	25,720	28,640	31,680	25,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	86.8	77.4	82.4	86.8	77.4
Employment income (%)	67.0	70.6	62.9	67.0	70.6	62.9
Government transfers (%)	17.6	13.3	22.6	17.6	13.3	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	72,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	72,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,720	...	...	41,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,760	...	...	35,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	72,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	655	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,480	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,530	...	...	3.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,480	...	...	7.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,685	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,445	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,985	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,020	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,855	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,525	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,495	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,875	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,270	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,585	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,620	...	...	24.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,645	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,230	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,120	...	...	5.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,630	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	72,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	705	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	605	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,525	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,630	...	...	3.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,965	...	...	8.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,520	...	...	6.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,190	...	...	5.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,970	...	...	6.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,600	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,200	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,125	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,060	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,185	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,465	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,155	...	...	16.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,905	...	...	8.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,120	...	...	4.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,130	...	...	4.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	39,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	37,310	17,870	19,445	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	33,200	31,200	32,000	33,200	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	30,200	29,000	29,600	30,200	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,100	...	...	103,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...	114,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,300	...	...	71,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,850	...	...	61,850	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	37,380	17,990	19,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,640	41,000	38,360	39,640	41,000	38,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,200	34,800	33,640	34,200	34,800	33,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	146,275	71,720	74,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,705	14,380	13,330	18.9	20.1	17.9
0 to 5 years	8,575	4,490	4,085	5.9	6.3	5.5
18 to 64 years	89,520	44,340	45,180	61.2	61.8	60.6
65 years and over	29,050	13,000	16,050	19.9	18.1	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	22,715	10,420	12,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,405	1,760	1,645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,105	600	505	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	12,790	6,335	6,455	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,520	2,320	4,200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.5	16.5	15.5	14.5	16.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.2	12.3	12.3	12.2	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.4	12.3	12.9	13.4	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3
65 years and over (%)	22.4	17.9	26.2	22.4	17.9	26.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	146,270	71,715	74,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,705	14,380	13,325	18.9	20.1	17.9
0 to 5 years	8,580	4,485	4,090	5.9	6.3	5.5
18 to 64 years	89,515	44,340	45,180	61.2	61.8	60.6
65 years and over	29,045	13,000	16,045	19.9	18.1	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,895	4,615	4,280	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,050	505	545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	325	165	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,245	3,870	3,370	...	...	...
65 years and over	605	240	365	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	6.4	5.7	6.1	6.4	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.5	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	8.7	7.5	8.1	8.7	7.5
65 years and over (%)	2.1	1.8	2.3	2.1	1.8	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	146,275	71,715	74,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	94,365	45,380	48,990	64.5	63.3	65.7
In bottom decile	20,380	9,555	10,825	13.9	13.3	14.5
In second decile	19,900	9,415	10,490	13.6	13.1	14.1
In third decile	19,335	9,245	10,095	13.2	12.9	13.5
In fourth decile	18,275	8,985	9,295	12.5	12.5	12.5
In fifth decile	16,470	8,180	8,295	11.3	11.4	11.1
In top half of the distribution	51,910	26,340	25,565	35.5	36.7	34.3
In sixth decile	14,650	7,435	7,220	10.0	10.4	9.7
In seventh decile	12,830	6,535	6,290	8.8	9.1	8.4
In eighth decile	10,595	5,325	5,275	7.2	7.4	7.1
In ninth decile	7,945	4,040	3,905	5.4	5.6	5.2
In top decile	5,880	3,005	2,870	4.0	4.2	3.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	146,270	...	...	146,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	149,090	72,705	76,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,455	1,310	1,145	1.6	1.8	1.5
French only	76,385	34,425	41,965	51.2	47.3	54.9
English and French	69,075	36,390	32,695	46.3	50.1	42.8
Neither English nor French	1,165	580	585	0.8	0.8	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	149,090	72,705	76,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,215	3,650	3,565	4.8	5.0	4.7
French	137,465	66,735	70,730	92.2	91.8	92.6
English and French	3,290	1,760	1,525	2.2	2.4	2.0
Neither English nor French	1,115	555	560	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	149,090	72,705	76,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	145,485	70,870	74,615	97.6	97.5	97.7
Official languages	133,140	64,665	68,475	89.3	88.9	89.6
English	5,310	2,635	2,670	3.6	3.6	3.5
French	127,830	62,030	65,805	85.7	85.3	86.1
Non-official languages	12,350	6,205	6,140	8.3	8.5	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,330	6,195	6,130	8.3	8.5	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,535	1,345	1,185	1.7	1.8	1.6
Berber languages	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,270	1,200	1,075	1.5	1.7	1.4
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,170	1,155	1,020	1.5	1.6	1.3
Aramaic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	135	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	230	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,255	3,620	3,640	4.9	5.0	4.8
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,220	590	630	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,220	590	630	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	870	430	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	250	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	500	255	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	890	900	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,495	740	755	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,445	710	730	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dari	1,190	585	610	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian Persian	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,985	2,010	1,975	2.7	2.8	2.6
Catalan	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	350	175	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,325	1,670	1,660	2.2	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,035	490	545	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	300	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	430	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	425	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	340	165	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,600	1,835	1,765	2.4	2.5	2.3
English and French	1,980	990	985	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,105	570	530	0.7	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	149,090	72,705	76,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,785	1,895	1,890	2.5	2.6	2.5
French	123,275	59,510	63,770	82.7	81.9	83.5
Non-official language	4,180	2,105	2,080	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,180	2,105	2,080	2.8	2.9	2.7
English and French	8,700	4,615	4,085	5.8	6.3	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	830	435	390	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5,720	2,790	2,930	3.8	3.8	3.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,335	1,220	1,110	1.6	1.7	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	149,090	72,705	76,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	144,780	70,495	74,285	97.1	97.0	97.3
Official languages	137,365	66,795	70,565	92.1	91.9	92.4
English	5,645	2,825	2,820	3.8	3.9	3.7
French	131,715	63,970	67,740	88.3	88.0	88.7
Non-official languages	7,420	3,695	3,720	5.0	5.1	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,415	3,695	3,715	5.0	5.1	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,415	720	695	0.9	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,310	665	650	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,235	620	615	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	35	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,820	2,380	2,435	3.2	3.3	3.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	690	330	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	690	330	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	325	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,380	670	710	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,185	580	600	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,145	560	585	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	955	470	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,655	1,330	1,320	1.8	1.8	1.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	2,290	1,155	1,140	1.5	1.6	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	400	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	280	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,310	2,210	2,100	2.9	3.0	2.7
English and French	1,970	1,020	950	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	310	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,675	840	830	1.1	1.2	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	305	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	149,090	72,700	76,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	134,845	65,335	69,510	90.4	89.9	91.0
English	6,000	3,265	2,735	4.0	4.5	3.6
French	3,415	1,670	1,750	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-official language	2,840	1,410	1,425	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,830	1,410	1,425	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	535	280	255	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	810	420	395	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	345	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	146,240	71,755	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	145,035	71,145	73,900	99.2	99.1	99.2
English	70,605	37,105	33,505	48.3	51.7	45.0
French	142,620	69,765	72,850	97.5	97.2	97.8
Non-official languages	20,785	10,200	10,590	14.2	14.2	14.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,755	10,195	10,560	14.2	14.2	14.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,560	1,890	1,660	2.4	2.6	2.2
Berber languages	335	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	305	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,335	1,790	1,550	2.3	2.5	2.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,270	1,765	1,515	2.2	2.5	2.0
Aramaic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	515	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian Creole	280	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	110	35	0.1	0.2	0.0
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,645	6,615	7,035	9.3	9.2	9.4
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,535	795	740	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,535	795	740	1.0	1.1	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	385	205	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,005	525	480	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bosnian	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatian	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	595	300	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	685	400	290	0.5	0.6	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	575	345	230	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	560	335	225	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,315	1,240	1,080	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	635	385	255	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	320	210	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,905	990	915	1.3	1.4	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,840	950	890	1.3	1.3	1.2
Dari	1,515	760	760	1.0	1.1	1.0
Iranian Persian	295	165	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,405	4,360	5,040	6.4	6.1	6.8
Catalan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	665	360	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	650	350	305	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	8,380	3,805	4,575	5.7	5.3	6.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,110	1,000	1,110	1.4	1.4	1.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	380	170	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Luba-Kasai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	290	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	795	420	375	0.5	0.6	0.5
Wojenaka	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolof	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	395	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	35	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	95	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	570	290	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	570	290	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	495	250	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	71,755	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,465	1,110	1,355	1.7	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,325	1,035	1,290	1.6	1.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,610	700	910	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	635	305	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	143,775	70,640	73,125	98.3	98.4	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	71,755	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	470	190	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,770	71,565	74,205	99.7	99.7	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,030	...	...	45.8	...	...
Renter	39,050	...	...	54.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,320	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not condominium	64,750	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	705	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	13,385	...	...	18.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	24,805	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	21,545	...	...	29.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,640	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	31,395	...	...	43.6	...	...
5 rooms	12,770	...	...	17.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,675	...	...	9.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,775	...	...	9.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,470	...	...	20.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	71,480	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	600	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	70,365	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,705	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,205	...	...	18.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,020	...	...	29.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,220	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,740	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,930	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,890	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,705	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,370	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	68,590	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,485	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	42,755	...	...	59.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,885	...	...	38.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,435	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,400	...	...	7.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,190	...	...	16.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,350	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,355	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,295	...	...	17.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,740	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,690	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,050	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	71,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	59,425	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,365	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,490	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	72,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,705	...	...	23.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,640	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,470	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,740	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	620	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	55,375	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	70,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,195	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not in core need	67,720	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0	...	...	64.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,081	...	...	1,081	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	282,800	...	...	282,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.6	...	...	24.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	695	...	...	695	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	760	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	146,235	71,760	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,715	1,180	1,530	1.9	1.6	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,670	1,165	1,500	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,450	1,075	1,375	1.7	1.5	1.8
Métis single ancestry	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,935	1,745	2,195	2.7	2.4	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,920	1,725	2,190	2.7	2.4	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,700	1,635	2,060	2.5	2.3	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	139,585	68,830	70,750	95.5	95.9	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	146,240	71,755	74,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	137,650	67,200	70,450	94.1	93.7	94.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,105	13,670	12,435	17.9	19.1	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	111,545	53,530	58,020	76.3	74.6	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,585	4,560	4,030	5.9	6.4	5.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	146,240	71,755	74,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	128,710	62,555	66,150	88.0	87.2	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	14,025	7,170	6,855	9.6	10.0	9.2
Before 1980	1,100	625	475	0.8	0.9	0.6
1980 to 1990	660	325	330	0.5	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	1,860	985	875	1.3	1.4	1.2
2001 to 2010	3,860	2,010	1,850	2.6	2.8	2.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,540	3,220	3,320	4.5	4.5	4.5
2011 to 2015	2,700	1,335	1,360	1.8	1.9	1.8
2016 to 2021	3,840	1,890	1,955	2.6	2.6	2.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,505	2,030	1,475	2.4	2.8	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,025	7,170	6,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,650	890	755	11.8	12.4	11.0
5 to 14 years	2,580	1,235	1,350	18.4	17.2	19.7
15 to 24 years	2,130	1,070	1,060	15.2	14.9	15.5
25 to 44 years	6,605	3,430	3,180	47.1	47.8	46.4
45 years and over	1,050	545	510	7.5	7.6	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,025	7,170	6,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,310	1,630	1,685	23.6	22.7	24.6
Brazil	230	115	110	1.6	1.6	1.6
Colombia	1,120	530	595	8.0	7.4	8.7
El Salvador	115	55	60	0.8	0.8	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	255	135	120	1.8	1.9	1.8
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	145	70	75	1.0	1.0	1.1
Peru	150	60	85	1.1	0.8	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	445	195	245	3.2	2.7	3.6
Other places of birth in Americas	840	450	390	6.0	6.3	5.7
Europe	3,525	1,920	1,600	25.1	26.8	23.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	615	310	300	4.4	4.3	4.4
Croatia	85	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
France	1,580	875	710	11.3	12.2	10.4
Germany	95	65	30	0.7	0.9	0.4
Greece	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	105	75	30	0.7	1.0	0.4
Netherlands	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Poland	70	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portugal	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Romania	135	75	60	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	130	60	75	0.9	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	85	45	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	415	245	175	3.0	3.4	2.6
Africa	4,200	2,165	2,040	29.9	30.2	29.8
Algeria	490	270	215	3.5	3.8	3.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	535	255	275	3.8	3.6	4.0
Egypt	105	45	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	770	430	340	5.5	6.0	5.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,280	1,150	1,125	16.3	16.0	16.4
Asia	2,975	1,445	1,535	21.2	20.2	22.4
Afghanistan	1,085	525	555	7.7	7.3	8.1
Iran⁸⁸	160	85	70	1.1	1.2	1.0
Iraq	245	110	140	1.7	1.5	2.0
Lebanon	150	90	60	1.1	1.3	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	270	145	125	1.9	2.0	1.8
Turkey	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	200	80	120	1.4	1.1	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	55	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	265	140	120	1.9	2.0	1.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	320	135	185	2.3	1.9	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,845	1,885	1,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	460	225	230	12.0	11.9	11.8
Brazil	35	15	25	0.9	0.8	1.3
Colombia	190	85	105	4.9	4.5	5.4
Haiti	25	10	20	0.7	0.5	1.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
United States of America	40	10	25	1.0	0.5	1.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	125	80	40	3.3	4.2	2.0
Europe	560	310	255	14.6	16.4	13.0
France	380	210	170	9.9	11.1	8.7
Germany	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	30	25	1.3	1.6	1.3
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	45	50	2.5	2.4	2.6
Africa	1,300	610	690	33.8	32.4	35.3
Algeria	100	40	55	2.6	2.1	2.8
Burundi	65	20	40	1.7	1.1	2.0
Cameroon	140	75	65	3.6	4.0	3.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	100	115	5.5	5.3	5.9
Côte d'Ivoire	80	35	50	2.1	1.9	2.6
Egypt	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	135	70	60	3.5	3.7	3.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	85	40	40	2.2	2.1	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	450	210	240	11.7	11.1	12.3
Asia	1,520	740	785	39.5	39.3	40.2
Afghanistan	685	330	355	17.8	17.5	18.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	25	10	0.8	1.3	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	30	2.0	2.1	1.5
Iraq	115	55	60	3.0	2.9	3.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Lebanon	45	25	20	1.2	1.3	1.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	205	105	100	5.3	5.6	5.1
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	195	115	80	5.1	6.1	4.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	1.8	1.1	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	146,235	71,755	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,645	9,630	9,015	12.8	13.4	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,115	4,640	4,475	6.2	6.5	6.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	118,475	57,485	60,990	81.0	80.1	81.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,925	6,540	6,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,035	2,670	2,360	39.0	40.8	37.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,340	1,555	780	18.1	23.8	12.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,695	1,115	1,580	20.9	17.0	24.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,235	1,015	1,220	17.3	15.5	19.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,580	2,820	2,760	43.2	43.1	43.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	35	45	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,925	6,540	6,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	465	270	200	3.6	4.1	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	805	455	350	6.2	7.0	5.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	140	90	1.8	2.1	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	740	445	290	5.7	6.8	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	35	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,620	5,200	5,425	82.2	79.5	85.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	146,235	71,755	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,635	8,080	7,555	10.7	11.3	10.1
South Asian	620	345	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese	760	300	460	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	5,100	2,615	2,485	3.5	3.6	3.3
Filipino	185	130	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	2,845	1,575	1,270	1.9	2.2	1.7
Latin American	3,320	1,690	1,635	2.3	2.4	2.2
Southeast Asian	540	220	320	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Asian	1,620	865	760	1.1	1.2	1.0
Korean	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	230	105	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	295	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	130,605	63,675	66,925	89.3	88.7	89.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	146,240	71,755	74,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	49,680	23,830	25,850	34.0	33.2	34.7
English	2,985	1,455	1,530	2.0	2.0	2.1
Irish	7,295	3,355	3,935	5.0	4.7	5.3
Scottish	2,660	1,230	1,440	1.8	1.7	1.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	37,875	18,735	19,140	25.9	26.1	25.7
German	2,040	975	1,060	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese	815	330	485	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italian	2,420	1,185	1,230	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indian (India)	470	275	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukrainian	245	100	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	310	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	480	220	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	18,380	9,210	9,175	12.6	12.8	12.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	465	185	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Filipino	215	140	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	11,200	5,420	5,775	7.7	7.6	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,270	1,585	1,690	2.2	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,100	1,425	1,675	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis	400	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,825	930	900	1.2	1.3	1.2
Russian	305	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	445	230	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,280	580	690	0.9	0.8	0.9
Spanish	1,460	710	750	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	960	435	525	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	75	35	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	905	470	435	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	330	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,190	620	570	0.8	0.9	0.8
Greek	290	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	65	60	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	345	190	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	250	145	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,385	730	655	0.9	1.0	0.9
Danish	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	790	320	465	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sikh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	915	485	435	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	645	340	305	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindu	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	440	235	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	295	175	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	195	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	305	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	370	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	190	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	410	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,300	620	680	0.9	0.9	0.9
Moroccan	950	560	390	0.6	0.8	0.5
Czech	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	410	240	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	1,420	720	700	1.0	1.0	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	170	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	445	235	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	535	315	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Brazilian	345	195	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	200	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	525	205	320	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	745	400	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	285	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	380	230	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	115	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	340	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	310	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	200	115	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	95	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	280	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	185	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	560	230	330	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moldovan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	240	100	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	250	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	230	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	335	155	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	290	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	410	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	230	105	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	35	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	210	70	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	146,235	71,755	74,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	340	145	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	90,270	42,290	47,975	61.7	58.9	64.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,855	3,480	3,375	4.7	4.8	4.5
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	450	200	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	600	260	340	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catholic	78,130	36,340	41,790	53.4	50.6	56.1
Christian Orthodox	960	505	455	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	715	325	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	470	185	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	115	35	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	300	110	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,505	780	725	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hindu	240	160	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	6,100	3,140	2,960	4.2	4.4	4.0
Sikh	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	730	375	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	48,370	25,540	22,830	33.1	35.6	30.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	144,775	70,970	73,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	120,450	58,970	61,485	83.2	83.1	83.3
Movers	24,320	11,995	12,330	16.8	16.9	16.7
Non-migrants	16,930	8,360	8,570	11.7	11.8	11.6
Migrants	7,395	3,635	3,760	5.1	5.1	5.1
Internal migrants	6,630	3,210	3,425	4.6	4.5	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	6,165	2,975	3,190	4.3	4.2	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	470	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	760	425	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	139,075	67,890	71,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,620	34,665	36,955	51.5	51.1	51.9
Movers	67,455	33,225	34,235	48.5	48.9	48.1
Non-migrants	38,020	18,545	19,475	27.3	27.3	27.4
Migrants	29,440	14,680	14,760	21.2	21.6	20.7
Internal migrants	23,525	11,580	11,945	16.9	17.1	16.8
Intraprovincial migrants	22,425	11,040	11,385	16.1	16.3	16.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,100	540	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	5,910	3,095	2,815	4.2	4.6	4.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	123,065	59,685	63,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,715	12,230	10,490	18.5	20.5	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	100,350	47,455	52,890	81.5	79.5	83.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,005	36,630	37,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,430	5,545	3,885	12.7	15.1	10.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,575	31,085	33,490	87.3	84.9	89.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	123,065	59,690	63,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,115	10,420	9,700	16.3	17.5	15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,285	11,930	13,355	20.5	20.0	21.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,665	37,335	40,325	63.1	62.5	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,810	23,170	23,645	38.0	38.8	37.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,910	11,350	8,560	16.2	19.0	13.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,690	7,360	7,330	11.9	12.3	11.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,220	3,990	1,230	4.2	6.7	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,720	10,025	12,700	18.5	16.8	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,180	1,790	2,385	3.4	3.0	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,850	14,170	16,685	25.1	23.7	26.3
Bachelor's degree	18,075	7,855	10,220	14.7	13.2	16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,255	1,025	1,240	1.8	1.7	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,095	480	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	7,350	3,490	3,860	6.0	5.8	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,075	1,320	750	1.7	2.2	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,005	36,630	37,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,820	4,450	3,375	10.6	12.1	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,620	6,185	5,440	15.7	16.9	14.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,560	26,000	28,555	73.7	71.0	76.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,840	15,555	15,290	41.7	42.5	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,500	8,190	6,315	19.6	22.4	16.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,850	5,345	5,505	14.7	14.6	14.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,650	2,840	810	4.9	7.8	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,805	6,265	7,545	18.7	17.1	20.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,535	1,100	1,435	3.4	3.0	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,715	10,450	13,270	32.0	28.5	35.5
Bachelor's degree	13,515	5,705	7,815	18.3	15.6	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,665	695	975	2.2	1.9	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	835	300	530	1.1	0.8	1.4
Master's degree	6,065	2,760	3,310	8.2	7.5	8.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,640	995	640	2.2	2.7	1.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	123,065	59,690	63,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,400	22,345	23,055	36.9	37.4	36.4
Education	6,730	1,730	5,000	5.5	2.9	7.9
13. Education	6,730	1,730	5,000	5.5	2.9	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,250	965	1,285	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	220	80	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,955	750	1,205	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	5,620	2,490	3,135	4.6	4.2	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	610	140	470	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	225	75	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,775	1,265	1,505	2.3	2.1	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	330	240	95	0.3	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	570	370	200	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	815	240	575	0.7	0.4	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,535	2,490	5,045	6.1	4.2	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	825	290	540	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,210	125	1,090	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,390	535	860	1.1	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	320	110	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,890	455	1,430	1.5	0.8	2.3
45. Social sciences	1,710	905	800	1.4	1.5	1.3
Business, management and public administration	15,645	5,945	9,700	12.7	10.0	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,400	330	1,065	1.1	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,225	5,605	8,620	11.6	9.4	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,960	2,260	1,705	3.2	3.8	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,525	710	815	1.2	1.2	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	425	280	145	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	960	520	440	0.8	0.9	0.7
40. Physical sciences	870	645	220	0.7	1.1	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,630	1,950	685	2.1	3.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,170	1,675	495	1.8	2.8	0.8
25. Library science	115	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	210	80	0.2	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,555	13,305	1,255	11.8	22.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	300	165	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	3,010	2,530	485	2.4	4.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,210	2,850	360	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,240	3,125	110	2.6	5.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,675	2,605	65	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	2,130	2,030	95	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,750	880	870	1.4	1.5	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,050	435	620	0.9	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	695	445	255	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	11,980	2,760	9,220	9.7	4.6	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	700	420	280	0.6	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,785	2,090	8,690	8.8	3.5	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	475	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,865	2,515	2,350	4.0	4.2	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,110	985	2,120	2.5	1.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	835	700	135	0.7	1.2	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	905	815	90	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,005	36,630	37,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,445	10,630	8,815	26.3	29.0	23.6
Education	4,460	1,025	3,435	6.0	2.8	9.2
13. Education	4,460	1,025	3,435	6.0	2.8	9.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,645	665	975	2.2	1.8	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	160	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,415	510	905	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	3,055	1,275	1,775	4.1	3.5	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	435	110	325	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	155	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,280	580	700	1.7	1.6	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	130	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	335	210	125	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	500	130	370	0.7	0.4	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,380	1,615	3,765	7.3	4.4	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	680	220	460	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	75	870	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	955	330	630	1.3	0.9	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	90	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,200	250	955	1.6	0.7	2.6
45. Social sciences	1,200	605	595	1.6	1.7	1.6
Business, management and public administration	11,285	4,250	7,035	15.2	11.6	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,070	235	830	1.4	0.6	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,205	4,005	6,200	13.8	10.9	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,325	1,315	1,010	3.1	3.6	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,190	540	640	1.6	1.5	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	135	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	110	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
40. Physical sciences	655	465	195	0.9	1.3	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,160	1,575	585	2.9	4.3	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,825	1,385	440	2.5	3.8	1.2
25. Library science	80	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	220	160	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,685	9,640	1,050	14.4	26.3	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	2,535	2,125	410	3.4	5.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,310	2,020	290	3.1	5.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,215	2,120	90	3.0	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,855	1,795	60	2.5	4.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,550	1,465	85	2.1	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	720	670	1.9	2.0	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	815	330	480	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	385	190	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	8,420	1,975	6,450	11.4	5.4	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	320	210	0.7	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,530	1,505	6,025	10.2	4.1	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	350	150	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,650	1,920	1,730	4.9	5.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,300	740	1,560	3.1	2.0	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	620	520	100	0.8	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	725	650	75	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,005	36,630	37,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,445	10,630	8,815	26.3	29.0	23.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	54,555	26,005	28,555	73.7	71.0	76.4
Location of study inside Canada	49,680	23,395	26,285	67.1	63.9	70.3
Same as province or territory of residence	48,845	22,985	25,860	66.0	62.7	69.2
Different than province or territory of residence	835	410	430	1.1	1.1	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,885	2,610	2,275	6.6	7.1	6.1
Americas	1,210	635	575	1.6	1.7	1.5
United States of America	205	130	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombia	385	190	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,935	1,125	805	2.6	3.1	2.2
Belgium	95	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	1,290	760	530	1.7	2.1	1.4
Germany	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,020	520	500	1.4	1.4	1.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	195	90	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Morocco	260	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	400	210	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Asia	695	320	385	0.9	0.9	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Viet Nam	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	123,065	59,690	63,380	...	...	...
In the labour force	77,525	39,490	38,035	...	...	...
Employed	72,630	37,020	35,610	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,890	2,465	2,420	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	45,545	20,200	25,345	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.0	66.2	60.0	63.0	66.2	60.0
Employment rate	59.0	62.0	56.2	59.0	62.0	56.2
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	123,065	59,690	63,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,480	19,665	24,815	36.1	32.9	39.2
Worked	78,585	40,020	38,560	63.9	67.0	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,085	20,105	17,985	30.9	33.7	28.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	40,500	19,920	20,580	32.9	33.4	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.2	40.7	41.0	41.2	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	77,525	39,490	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,530	705	830	2.0	1.8	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	75,990	38,790	37,200	98.0	98.2	97.8
Employee	68,560	34,790	33,770	88.4	88.1	88.8
Permanent position	55,565	28,550	27,015	71.7	72.3	71.0
Temporary position	12,990	6,240	6,750	16.8	15.8	17.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,925	2,155	2,770	6.4	5.5	7.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,070	4,085	3,985	10.4	10.3	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,430	4,000	3,430	9.6	10.1	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	77,525	39,490	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,530	705	830	2.0	1.8	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	75,990	38,790	37,200	98.0	98.2	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	935	640	295	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,495	3,865	7,630	14.8	9.8	20.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,005	4,825	1,180	7.7	12.2	3.1
3 Health occupations	8,565	1,890	6,675	11.0	4.8	17.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,025	3,815	8,210	15.5	9.7	21.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,220	1,160	1,060	2.9	2.9	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	19,335	9,135	10,200	24.9	23.1	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,165	9,420	745	13.1	23.9	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	925	745	180	1.2	1.9	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,325	3,285	1,035	5.6	8.3	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	77,525	39,490	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,530	705	830	2.0	1.8	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	75,990	38,790	37,200	98.0	98.2	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	750	490	255	1.0	1.2	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	170	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	220	175	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
23 Construction	4,150	3,605	545	5.4	9.1	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	9,415	6,975	2,445	12.1	17.7	6.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,440	1,010	425	1.9	2.6	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	9,475	4,665	4,805	12.2	11.8	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,020	1,685	335	2.6	4.3	0.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,270	830	445	1.6	2.1	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,940	810	1,125	2.5	2.1	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	880	495	380	1.1	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,885	3,365	2,520	7.6	8.5	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,785	1,675	1,115	3.6	4.2	2.9
61 Educational services	8,475	3,215	5,255	10.9	8.1	13.8
62 Health care and social assistance	14,485	3,310	11,175	18.7	8.4	29.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,095	630	460	1.4	1.6	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,660	2,380	2,285	6.0	6.0	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,430	1,510	1,920	4.4	3.8	5.0
91 Public administration	3,395	1,770	1,625	4.4	4.5	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	83,305	42,380	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,400	1,440	955	2.9	3.4	2.3
French	62,195	30,645	31,550	74.7	72.3	77.1
Non-official language	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	17,800	9,820	7,980	21.4	23.2	19.5
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	305	135	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	460	255	205	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	83,305	42,380	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,175	41,150	40,030	97.4	97.1	97.8
Official languages	81,010	41,060	39,950	97.2	96.9	97.6
English	4,790	2,830	1,950	5.7	6.7	4.8
French	76,220	38,230	37,995	91.5	90.2	92.8
Non-official languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	100	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,125	1,235	890	2.6	2.9	2.2
English and French	2,020	1,180	840	2.4	2.8	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	83,305	42,380	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,760	33,350	33,410	80.1	78.7	81.6
English	13,550	7,340	6,210	16.3	17.3	15.2
French	2,340	1,350	990	2.8	3.2	2.4
Non-official language	255	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	315	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	72,635	37,020	35,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,140	5,895	6,240	16.7	15.9	17.5
Worked outside Canada	115	105	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,530	4,765	1,765	9.0	12.9	5.0
Usual place of work	53,850	26,255	27,600	74.1	70.9	77.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	53,850	26,255	27,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	44,590	20,770	23,820	82.8	79.1	86.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,150	5,405	3,745	17.0	20.6	13.6
Commute to a different province or territory	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	60,385	31,020	29,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	52,045	26,965	25,080	86.2	86.9	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	48,995	25,515	23,480	81.1	82.3	80.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,050	1,450	1,600	5.1	4.7	5.4
Public transit	3,335	1,450	1,885	5.5	4.7	6.4
Walked	3,580	1,805	1,775	5.9	5.8	6.0
Bicycle	560	400	155	0.9	1.3	0.5
Other method	860	395	465	1.4	1.3	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	60,385	31,020	29,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,055	11,615	12,450	39.8	37.4	42.4
15 to 29 minutes	26,000	13,235	12,760	43.1	42.7	43.5
30 to 44 minutes	6,685	3,825	2,860	11.1	12.3	9.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,080	1,260	820	3.4	4.1	2.8
60 minutes and over	1,565	1,090	480	2.6	3.5	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	60,385	31,020	29,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,545	1,900	650	4.2	6.1	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,660	6,095	2,560	14.3	19.6	8.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,120	9,515	10,605	33.3	30.7	36.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,940	5,785	8,160	23.1	18.6	27.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,380	2,405	2,975	8.9	7.8	10.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,730	5,325	4,405	16.1	17.2	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,250	14,660	13,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,835	1,930	1,900	13.6	13.2	14.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,415	12,720	11,690	86.4	86.8	86.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,660	10,690	9,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,905	1,470	1,430	14.1	13.8	14.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,250	1,125	1,125	10.9	10.5	11.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	345	310	3.2	3.2	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,755	9,220	8,530	85.9	86.2	85.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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