Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sherbrooke, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	172,950	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	161,323	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	86,019	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	80,476	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	489.4	...	...	489.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	353.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	172,950	84,805	88,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	27,230	14,110	13,120	15.7	16.6	14.9
0 to 4 years	8,145	4,270	3,880	4.7	5.0	4.4
5 to 9 years	9,375	4,840	4,535	5.4	5.7	5.1
10 to 14 years	9,705	5,005	4,700	5.6	5.9	5.3
15 to 64 years	108,800	54,440	54,365	62.9	64.2	61.7
15 to 19 years	9,255	4,740	4,515	5.4	5.6	5.1
20 to 24 years	13,505	6,825	6,680	7.8	8.0	7.6
25 to 29 years	12,755	6,530	6,220	7.4	7.7	7.1
30 to 34 years	10,955	5,635	5,315	6.3	6.6	6.0
35 to 39 years	10,520	5,335	5,180	6.1	6.3	5.9
40 to 44 years	10,880	5,385	5,495	6.3	6.3	6.2
45 to 49 years	9,370	4,630	4,740	5.4	5.5	5.4
50 to 54 years	9,370	4,680	4,695	5.4	5.5	5.3
55 to 59 years	10,900	5,285	5,615	6.3	6.2	6.4
60 to 64 years	11,295	5,395	5,900	6.5	6.4	6.7
65 years and over	36,920	16,255	20,665	21.3	19.2	23.4
65 to 69 years	10,705	5,040	5,660	6.2	5.9	6.4
70 to 74 years	9,415	4,380	5,035	5.4	5.2	5.7
75 to 79 years	7,030	3,190	3,840	4.1	3.8	4.4
80 to 84 years	4,555	1,810	2,750	2.6	2.1	3.1
85 years and over	5,215	1,830	3,380	3.0	2.2	3.8
85 to 89 years	3,025	1,175	1,850	1.7	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,640	555	1,090	0.9	0.7	1.2
95 to 99 years	465	95	375	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	75	10	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.6	14.9	15.7	16.6	14.9
15 to 64 years	62.9	64.2	61.7	62.9	64.2	61.7
65 years and over	21.3	19.2	23.4	21.3	19.2	23.4
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.8	3.0	2.2	3.8
Average age of the population	42.2	40.8	43.6	42.2	40.8	43.6
Median age of the population	41.2	39.2	42.8	41.2	39.2	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,735	...	...	36.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,115	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	2,385	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,530	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,655	...	...	45.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,445	...	...	3.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	32,260	...	...	40.1	...	...
2 persons	27,680	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 persons	8,725	...	...	10.8	...	...
4 persons	7,660	...	...	9.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,155	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	167,180	82,380	84,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	145,720	70,690	75,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	76,150	37,995	38,155	52.3	53.7	50.9
Married	38,980	19,475	19,500	26.7	27.5	26.0
Living common-law	37,175	18,515	18,660	25.5	26.2	24.9
Living common law - Never married	30,440	15,035	15,400	20.9	21.3	20.5
Living common law - Separated	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	5,790	3,040	2,755	4.0	4.3	3.7
Living common law - Widowed	625	275	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	69,570	32,700	36,865	47.7	46.3	49.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	49,375	25,985	23,385	33.9	36.8	31.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,830	855	980	1.3	1.2	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,285	4,230	7,060	7.7	6.0	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,080	1,635	5,445	4.9	2.3	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	44,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,840	...	...	57.7	...	...
3 persons	7,935	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	7,325	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,675	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	44,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	37,335	...	...	83.4	...	...
Married couples	18,755	...	...	41.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,205	...	...	16.1	...	...
Without children	11,545	...	...	25.8	...	...
Common-law couples	18,585	...	...	41.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,565	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	10,020	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,430	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,385	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,050	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	167,180	82,375	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	124,610	61,860	62,755	74.5	75.1	74.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	74,680	37,240	37,435	44.7	45.2	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	7,435	2,045	5,385	4.4	2.5	6.3
Children⁶	42,505	22,565	19,935	25.4	27.4	23.5
In a two-parent family	30,850	16,280	14,570	18.5	19.8	17.2
In a one-parent family	11,650	6,285	5,370	7.0	7.6	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	42,570	20,520	22,055	25.5	24.9	26.0
Living alone	32,260	14,920	17,345	19.3	18.1	20.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,760	1,255	1,510	1.7	1.5	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,550	4,350	3,200	4.5	5.3	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	42,755	...	...	53.1	...	...
Couple-family households	36,045	...	...	44.8	...	...
With children⁶	15,215	...	...	18.9	...	...
Without children	20,835	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,705	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	480	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,195	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,700	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	32,260	...	...	40.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	139,990	68,290	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,625	66,585	70,040	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,600	35,600	38,400	41,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,640	66,590	70,050	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,800	32,400	34,400	36,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	123,190	60,905	62,285	88.0	89.2	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	35,600	26,600	30,800	35,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,340	49,885	47,460	69.5	73.0	66.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	29,800	33,200	36,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,625	54,600	62,025	83.3	80.0	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,400	11,900	10,700	9,400	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,970	8,670	7,305	11.4	12.7	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,760	5,000	4,920	4,760	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,975	21,445	18,530	28.6	31.4	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	139,990	68,290	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	136,550	66,495	70,055	97.5	97.4	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880	51,400	42,600	46,880	51,400	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	136,555	66,495	70,060	97.5	97.4	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,160	41,920	36,560	39,160	41,920	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,135	60,865	62,270	88.0	89.1	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,760	46,440	35,200	40,760	46,440	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,345	49,895	47,450	69.5	73.1	66.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800	45,640	37,760	41,800	45,640	37,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,445	54,420	62,025	83.2	79.7	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,890	10,890	12,770	11,890	10,890	12,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,910	8,700	7,210	11.4	12.7	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,370	5,625	7,270	6,370	5,625	7,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,645	21,375	18,270	28.3	31.3	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,060	7,590	7,300	7,060	7,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	139,990	68,290	71,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,710	23,210	20,500	31.2	34.0	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	58,000	50,800	54,400	58,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,550	68,000	58,500	63,550	68,000	58,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	43,845	21,420	22,435	31.3	31.4	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,400	16,600	18,400	20,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	28,800	23,640	26,160	28,800	23,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.6	73.4	78.4	82.6	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6	66.6	60.0	63.6	66.6	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	17.3	26.6	21.6	17.3	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.0	5.8	5.4	5.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	139,985	68,295	71,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,360	1,710	1,655	2.4	2.5	2.3
With total income	136,630	66,585	70,045	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,690	4,015	4,680	6.4	6.0	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	18,130	7,725	10,405	13.3	11.6	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	25,145	10,940	14,205	18.4	16.4	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	19,045	9,055	9,995	13.9	13.6	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	18,055	8,665	9,395	13.2	13.0	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	13,835	6,990	6,845	10.1	10.5	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	9,765	5,210	4,555	7.1	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960	3,935	3,025	5.1	5.9	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,255	2,885	2,370	3.8	4.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,515	1,900	1,615	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,230	5,280	2,950	6.0	7.9	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,815	3,610	2,205	4.3	5.4	3.1
$150,000 and over	2,415	1,665	745	1.8	2.5	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	139,985	68,295	71,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,350	1,705	1,645	2.4	2.5	2.3
With after-tax income	136,640	66,585	70,050	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,240	4,150	5,085	6.8	6.2	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	19,030	8,180	10,855	13.9	12.3	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	29,365	13,035	16,330	21.5	19.6	23.3
$30,000 to $39,999	23,960	11,760	12,195	17.5	17.7	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	20,290	10,210	10,080	14.8	15.3	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	13,285	7,140	6,145	9.7	10.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	8,670	4,670	3,995	6.3	7.0	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,270	2,730	2,540	3.9	4.1	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,505	1,160	1.9	2.3	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,515	950	565	1.1	1.4	0.8
$100,000 and over	3,355	2,255	1,105	2.5	3.4	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,785	1,175	610	1.3	1.8	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,575	1,080	495	1.2	1.6	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	139,985	68,295	71,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	42,645	18,410	24,235	30.5	27.0	33.8
With employment income	97,345	49,880	47,460	69.5	73.0	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,955	6,005	5,950	12.3	12.0	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	8,360	3,740	4,625	8.6	7.5	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,605	6,230	7,380	14.0	12.5	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,195	5,310	5,885	11.5	10.6	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,695	5,370	5,320	11.0	10.8	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,310	5,100	5,205	10.6	10.2	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,885	4,295	3,590	8.1	8.6	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,250	3,670	2,580	6.4	7.4	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,645	2,710	1,935	4.8	5.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,225	2,195	2,030	4.3	4.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	1,345	905	2.3	2.7	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,975	3,925	2,050	6.1	7.9	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,025	1,890	1,135	3.1	3.8	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,955	2,035	920	3.0	4.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	139,990	68,290	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,225	65,330	68,895	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	32,000	35,200	39,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,270	65,335	68,935	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	34,800	29,200	31,800	34,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	121,065	59,910	61,155	86.5	87.7	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	27,000	31,200	36,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,070	49,655	47,415	69.3	72.7	66.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,600	33,200	37,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,985	49,020	57,960	76.4	71.8	80.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	5,120	9,000	7,450	5,120	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,360	7,835	6,525	10.3	11.5	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400	4,160	4,640	4,400	4,160	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	139,990	68,290	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,300	65,325	68,975	95.9	95.7	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	48,480	39,200	43,720	48,480	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,340	65,330	69,010	96.0	95.7	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,600	33,680	36,560	39,600	33,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	121,195	60,050	61,145	86.6	87.9	85.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,240	46,080	34,560	40,240	46,080	34,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,390	49,845	47,545	69.6	73.0	66.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	45,240	36,400	40,920	45,240	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,610	48,715	57,895	76.2	71.3	80.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,190	10,230	9,300	8,190	10,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,375	7,930	6,445	10.3	11.6	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,255	7,850	6,420	5,255	7,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	139,990	68,290	71,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,435	23,035	20,410	31.0	33.7	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	55,600	46,400	50,400	55,600	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,850	64,200	52,850	58,850	64,200	52,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	41,460	20,285	21,170	29.6	29.7	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,400	19,000	20,800	23,400	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	32,360	26,160	29,200	32,360	26,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	87.4	78.0	83.2	87.4	78.0
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.2	64.0	67.8	71.2	64.0
Government transfers (%)	16.9	12.6	21.9	16.9	12.6	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	80,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	32,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	31,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	48,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	80,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	32,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,960	...	...	35,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	48,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,700	...	...	104,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	715	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	620	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,565	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,635	...	...	3.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,790	...	...	7.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,900	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,640	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,280	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,315	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,145	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,105	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,060	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,430	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,825	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,095	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,365	...	...	26.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,745	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,110	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,140	...	...	6.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,370	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	770	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	650	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,610	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,735	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,290	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,760	...	...	5.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,485	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,320	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,970	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,545	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,880	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,865	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,800	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,030	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,995	...	...	18.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,090	...	...	8.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,895	...	...	4.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,005	...	...	5.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	45,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	39,805	19,265	20,545	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,000	31,200	32,400	34,000	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	30,600	29,000	29,800	30,600	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	45,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,550	...	...	62,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	39,755	19,290	20,465	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,840	41,280	38,440	39,840	41,280	38,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,320	35,000	33,680	34,320	35,000	33,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	167,185	82,380	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,535	16,835	15,700	19.5	20.4	18.5
0 to 5 years	9,880	5,160	4,720	5.9	6.3	5.6
18 to 64 years	102,220	50,795	51,425	61.1	61.7	60.6
65 years and over	32,425	14,740	17,685	19.4	17.9	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	24,185	11,125	13,060	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,595	1,860	1,735	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,155	630	525	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,575	6,725	6,850	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,015	2,545	4,475	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	13.5	15.4	14.5	13.5	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.0	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	12.2	11.1	11.7	12.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.2	13.3	13.3	13.2	13.3
65 years and over (%)	21.6	17.2	25.3	21.6	17.2	25.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	167,180	82,375	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,535	16,840	15,695	19.5	20.4	18.5
0 to 5 years	9,885	5,165	4,725	5.9	6.3	5.6
18 to 64 years	102,220	50,800	51,420	61.1	61.7	60.6
65 years and over	32,430	14,745	17,680	19.4	17.9	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,250	4,790	4,460	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,080	520	560	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	325	170	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,550	4,025	3,525	...	...	...
65 years and over	625	250	375	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.8	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.9	6.9	7.4	7.9	6.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	167,185	82,380	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	103,945	50,165	53,780	62.2	60.9	63.4
In bottom decile	21,655	10,155	11,495	13.0	12.3	13.6
In second decile	21,530	10,225	11,305	12.9	12.4	13.3
In third decile	21,195	10,190	11,010	12.7	12.4	13.0
In fourth decile	20,725	10,190	10,535	12.4	12.4	12.4
In fifth decile	18,840	9,400	9,430	11.3	11.4	11.1
In top half of the distribution	63,235	32,210	31,025	37.8	39.1	36.6
In sixth decile	17,335	8,795	8,540	10.4	10.7	10.1
In seventh decile	15,425	7,860	7,565	9.2	9.5	8.9
In eighth decile	13,060	6,615	6,445	7.8	8.0	7.6
In ninth decile	10,055	5,160	4,900	6.0	6.3	5.8
In top decile	7,360	3,785	3,580	4.4	4.6	4.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	167,180	...	...	167,180	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	170,550	83,700	86,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,865	1,505	1,360	1.7	1.8	1.6
French only	87,950	40,155	47,795	51.6	48.0	55.0
English and French	78,545	41,440	37,110	46.1	49.5	42.7
Neither English nor French	1,185	595	595	0.7	0.7	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	170,550	83,700	86,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,710	4,385	4,320	5.1	5.2	5.0
French	157,275	76,910	80,370	92.2	91.9	92.5
English and French	3,430	1,835	1,595	2.0	2.2	1.8
Neither English nor French	1,130	565	565	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	170,550	83,700	86,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	166,640	81,715	84,930	97.7	97.6	97.8
Official languages	153,880	75,310	78,565	90.2	90.0	90.5
English	6,600	3,275	3,325	3.9	3.9	3.8
French	147,275	72,035	75,240	86.4	86.1	86.6
Non-official languages	12,765	6,405	6,365	7.5	7.7	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,745	6,395	6,345	7.5	7.6	7.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,580	1,370	1,205	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	195	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,310	1,225	1,085	1.4	1.5	1.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,210	1,175	1,035	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	135	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	260	120	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,535	3,760	3,780	4.4	4.5	4.4
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,270	610	660	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	610	655	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	880	440	445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	100	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	505	260	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,800	900	905	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	300	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,500	745	760	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,450	715	735	0.9	0.9	0.8
Dari	1,195	585	605	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian Persian	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,165	2,095	2,065	2.4	2.5	2.4
Catalan	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,450	1,730	1,720	2.0	2.1	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,045	495	550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	220	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	455	220	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	365	175	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,910	1,985	1,925	2.3	2.4	2.2
English and French	2,210	1,100	1,115	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,135	585	550	0.7	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	170,550	83,700	86,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,800	2,405	2,395	2.8	2.9	2.8
French	142,205	69,230	72,980	83.4	82.7	84.0
Non-official language	4,245	2,140	2,110	2.5	2.6	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,245	2,140	2,110	2.5	2.6	2.4
English and French	9,755	5,145	4,610	5.7	6.1	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	920	480	435	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5,870	2,860	3,005	3.4	3.4	3.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,465	1,290	1,170	1.4	1.5	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	280	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	170,550	83,700	86,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	165,910	81,330	84,580	97.3	97.2	97.4
Official languages	158,340	77,550	80,785	92.8	92.7	93.0
English	7,010	3,510	3,500	4.1	4.2	4.0
French	151,325	74,045	77,280	88.7	88.5	89.0
Non-official languages	7,570	3,775	3,800	4.4	4.5	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,565	3,775	3,790	4.4	4.5	4.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,430	725	705	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,320	670	655	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,245	630	620	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,920	2,440	2,485	2.9	2.9	2.9
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	710	335	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	710	335	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	325	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390	675	715	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	45	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,190	585	605	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,150	565	590	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	955	465	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,730	1,370	1,355	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	260	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	2,350	1,185	1,165	1.4	1.4	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	405	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	250	130	120	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,640	2,370	2,275	2.7	2.8	2.6
English and French	2,205	1,135	1,075	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	325	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,730	870	860	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	170,550	83,695	86,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	155,165	75,750	79,420	91.0	90.5	91.4
English	6,595	3,570	3,030	3.9	4.3	3.5
French	3,725	1,825	1,900	2.2	2.2	2.2
Non-official language	2,965	1,470	1,495	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,960	1,470	1,490	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	540	285	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	865	450	410	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	375	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	135	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	167,180	82,375	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	165,970	81,765	84,210	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	80,455	42,410	38,050	48.1	51.5	44.9
French	163,130	80,165	82,965	97.6	97.3	97.8
Non-official languages	21,945	10,710	11,235	13.1	13.0	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,915	10,705	11,205	13.1	13.0	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,615	1,930	1,680	2.2	2.3	2.0
Berber languages	335	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	305	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,390	1,830	1,565	2.0	2.2	1.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,325	1,795	1,525	2.0	2.2	1.8
Aramaic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	125	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	540	265	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	120	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	80	60	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,610	7,030	7,585	8.7	8.5	8.9
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605	835	770	1.0	1.0	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,605	835	770	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	400	220	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,020	530	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	375	195	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	595	300	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	795	455	340	0.5	0.6	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	655	390	265	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	640	375	260	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,370	1,270	1,105	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	685	415	275	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	340	225	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	250	150	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,915	995	920	1.1	1.2	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,850	955	895	1.1	1.2	1.1
Dari	1,515	760	760	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iranian Persian	305	170	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,185	4,670	5,510	6.1	5.7	6.5
Catalan	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	730	390	335	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	720	380	335	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	9,065	4,080	4,985	5.4	5.0	5.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,115	1,000	1,120	1.3	1.2	1.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	85	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	380	170	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	290	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	795	420	375	0.5	0.5	0.4
Wojenaka	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolof	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	400	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	100	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	620	320	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	620	320	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	545	280	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	167,180	82,375	84,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,820	1,295	1,525	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,660	1,210	1,450	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,790	780	1,005	1.1	0.9	1.2
Métis	780	395	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	95	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	164,360	81,080	83,285	98.3	98.4	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	167,180	82,375	84,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	575	255	320	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	166,605	82,120	84,485	99.7	99.7	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	39,870	...	...	49.5	...	...
Renter	40,610	...	...	50.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,540	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not condominium	72,940	...	...	90.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	725	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	14,015	...	...	17.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	26,580	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,920	...	...	31.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,235	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	32,810	...	...	40.8	...	...
5 rooms	13,865	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	7,845	...	...	9.7	...	...
7 rooms	8,050	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,905	...	...	22.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	79,865	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	610	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	78,690	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,790	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,540	...	...	18.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	22,930	...	...	28.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,440	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,035	...	...	12.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,595	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,680	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,365	...	...	6.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,885	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	76,595	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,880	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,400	...	...	57.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	32,495	...	...	40.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,585	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,680	...	...	7.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	13,320	...	...	16.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	12,875	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,920	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,105	...	...	17.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,070	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,280	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,225	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	80,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	66,950	...	...	83.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,175	...	...	16.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,230	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	80,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,935	...	...	22.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,405	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,540	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,090	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	660	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	62,540	...	...	77.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	79,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,350	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	75,830	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,096	...	...	1,096	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	292,000	...	...	292,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,610	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	695	...	...	695	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	760	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	167,180	82,380	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,070	1,370	1,695	1.8	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,015	1,355	1,660	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,755	1,240	1,520	1.6	1.5	1.8
Métis single ancestry	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,645	2,095	2,550	2.8	2.5	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,625	2,085	2,545	2.8	2.5	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,350	1,960	2,385	2.6	2.4	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	159,460	78,910	80,550	95.4	95.8	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	167,180	82,380	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	158,215	77,625	80,590	94.6	94.2	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,905	16,100	14,805	18.5	19.5	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	127,310	61,525	65,780	76.2	74.7	77.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,970	4,755	4,215	5.4	5.8	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	167,180	82,380	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	148,785	72,725	76,060	89.0	88.3	89.7
Immigrants⁸¹	14,745	7,535	7,210	8.8	9.1	8.5
Before 1980	1,210	690	520	0.7	0.8	0.6
1980 to 1990	735	360	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	1,945	1,030	915	1.2	1.3	1.1
2001 to 2010	4,045	2,115	1,935	2.4	2.6	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,810	3,350	3,460	4.1	4.1	4.1
2011 to 2015	2,845	1,410	1,440	1.7	1.7	1.7
2016 to 2021	3,965	1,940	2,020	2.4	2.4	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,645	2,110	1,535	2.2	2.6	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,750	7,540	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,705	920	785	11.6	12.2	10.9
5 to 14 years	2,690	1,290	1,400	18.2	17.1	19.4
15 to 24 years	2,250	1,135	1,115	15.3	15.1	15.5
25 to 44 years	6,995	3,615	3,380	47.4	47.9	46.9
45 years and over	1,105	570	535	7.5	7.6	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,750	7,540	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,510	1,715	1,795	23.8	22.7	24.9
Brazil	275	135	140	1.9	1.8	1.9
Colombia	1,135	535	600	7.7	7.1	8.3
El Salvador	115	55	60	0.8	0.7	0.8
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	265	140	130	1.8	1.9	1.8
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	150	70	80	1.0	0.9	1.1
Peru	155	70	85	1.1	0.9	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	500	230	270	3.4	3.1	3.7
Other places of birth in Americas	880	460	415	6.0	6.1	5.8
Europe	3,880	2,110	1,770	26.3	28.0	24.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	615	320	300	4.2	4.2	4.2
Croatia	85	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
France	1,825	1,000	830	12.4	13.3	11.5
Germany	95	65	30	0.6	0.9	0.4
Greece	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	110	80	30	0.7	1.1	0.4
Netherlands	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Poland	95	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portugal	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Romania	145	80	60	1.0	1.1	0.8
Russian Federation	135	60	80	0.9	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	90	45	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	470	270	205	3.2	3.6	2.8
Africa	4,250	2,200	2,055	28.8	29.2	28.5
Algeria	495	275	215	3.4	3.6	3.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	535	255	275	3.6	3.4	3.8
Egypt	105	45	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	790	445	340	5.4	5.9	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,310	1,165	1,145	15.7	15.5	15.9
Asia	3,090	1,510	1,585	20.9	20.0	22.0
Afghanistan	1,085	525	555	7.4	7.0	7.7
Iran⁸⁸	165	90	70	1.1	1.2	1.0
Iraq	245	110	140	1.7	1.5	1.9
Lebanon	150	90	60	1.0	1.2	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	280	160	125	1.9	2.1	1.7
Turkey	50	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
China⁹⁰	235	95	140	1.6	1.3	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	60	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Pakistan	265	140	120	1.8	1.9	1.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	340	140	200	2.3	1.9	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,960	1,940	2,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	480	245	240	12.1	12.6	11.9
Brazil	60	25	30	1.5	1.3	1.5
Colombia	190	85	105	4.8	4.4	5.2
Haiti	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	1.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
United States of America	40	10	25	1.0	0.5	1.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	130	80	45	3.3	4.1	2.2
Europe	645	345	305	16.3	17.8	15.1
France	455	245	215	11.5	12.6	10.6
Germany	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	30	25	1.3	1.5	1.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	45	55	2.5	2.3	2.7
Africa	1,305	610	690	33.0	31.4	34.2
Algeria	100	40	55	2.5	2.1	2.7
Burundi	65	20	40	1.6	1.0	2.0
Cameroon	140	75	65	3.5	3.9	3.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	100	115	5.3	5.2	5.7
Côte d'Ivoire	85	35	50	2.1	1.8	2.5
Egypt	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	135	70	60	3.4	3.6	3.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	85	40	40	2.1	2.1	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	455	215	240	11.5	11.1	11.9
Asia	1,530	745	785	38.6	38.4	38.9
Afghanistan	685	330	355	17.3	17.0	17.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	25	10	0.8	1.3	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	30	1.9	2.1	1.5
Iraq	115	55	60	2.9	2.8	3.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Lebanon	45	25	20	1.1	1.3	1.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	205	105	100	5.2	5.4	5.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	200	120	80	5.1	6.2	4.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	1.8	1.0	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	167,180	82,375	84,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,650	10,155	9,500	11.8	12.3	11.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,000	5,060	4,935	6.0	6.1	5.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	137,530	67,160	70,365	82.3	81.5	83.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,535	6,845	6,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,445	2,890	2,555	40.2	42.2	38.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,545	1,680	860	18.8	24.5	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,905	1,210	1,690	21.5	17.7	25.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,385	1,060	1,325	17.6	15.5	19.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,625	2,860	2,760	41.6	41.8	41.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	85	35	45	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,535	6,845	6,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	470	270	200	3.5	3.9	3.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	945	525	420	7.0	7.7	6.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245	150	100	1.8	2.2	1.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	785	480	305	5.8	7.0	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	40	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	11,025	5,385	5,640	81.5	78.7	84.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	167,180	82,375	84,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,125	8,325	7,805	9.6	10.1	9.2
South Asian	710	390	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese	830	335	495	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	5,215	2,665	2,550	3.1	3.2	3.0
Filipino	200	140	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	2,900	1,615	1,285	1.7	2.0	1.5
Latin American	3,410	1,725	1,690	2.0	2.1	2.0
Southeast Asian	560	230	330	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	1,630	870	760	1.0	1.1	0.9
Korean	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	240	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	300	170	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	151,055	74,055	77,000	90.4	89.9	90.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	167,180	82,380	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	57,945	27,965	29,985	34.7	33.9	35.4
English	3,460	1,670	1,790	2.1	2.0	2.1
Irish	8,400	3,855	4,550	5.0	4.7	5.4
Scottish	3,245	1,535	1,705	1.9	1.9	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	43,525	21,600	21,925	26.0	26.2	25.9
German	2,305	1,085	1,220	1.4	1.3	1.4
Chinese	885	350	525	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italian	2,790	1,370	1,420	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indian (India)	530	320	210	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukrainian	265	120	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	335	140	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	550	250	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	21,100	10,590	10,510	12.6	12.9	12.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	595	250	340	0.4	0.3	0.4
Filipino	225	145	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	12,980	6,300	6,680	7.8	7.6	7.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,615	1,760	1,855	2.2	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,615	1,695	1,925	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	500	240	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,105	1,090	1,015	1.3	1.3	1.2
Russian	335	140	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	470	255	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,450	665	785	0.9	0.8	0.9
Spanish	1,530	740	790	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,105	505	595	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930	485	440	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	340	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,215	640	575	0.7	0.8	0.7
Greek	305	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	80	65	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	380	200	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	255	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,580	835	745	0.9	1.0	0.9
Danish	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	900	390	505	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sikh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	1,100	605	495	0.7	0.7	0.6
Haitian	690	365	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	475	245	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	375	215	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	215	75	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	390	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	375	220	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	430	205	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,325	630	690	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	980	585	395	0.6	0.7	0.5
Czech	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	415	240	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	1,420	720	700	0.8	0.9	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	175	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	445	235	210	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	35	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	535	315	210	0.3	0.4	0.2
Brazilian	405	225	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	200	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	620	260	360	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	745	400	345	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	310	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	385	230	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	125	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	75	15	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	340	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	310	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	200	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	275	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	310	170	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	240	125	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	195	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	625	250	370	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moldovan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	285	120	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	285	165	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	280	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	390	185	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	410	215	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	230	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	35	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	80	50	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	210	70	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	167,185	82,375	84,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	345	150	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	104,005	49,210	54,790	62.2	59.7	64.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,845	3,945	3,895	4.7	4.8	4.6
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	585	255	335	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baptist	750	345	405	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catholic	90,145	42,445	47,700	53.9	51.5	56.2
Christian Orthodox	975	515	465	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	735	330	405	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	485	200	290	0.3	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	130	40	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	410	155	255	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,770	920	845	1.1	1.1	1.0
Hindu	250	160	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	6,200	3,195	3,005	3.7	3.9	3.5
Sikh	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	740	385	365	0.4	0.5	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	55,440	29,165	26,270	33.2	35.4	31.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	165,540	81,500	84,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	139,480	68,635	70,845	84.3	84.2	84.3
Movers	26,060	12,870	13,195	15.7	15.8	15.7
Non-migrants	18,090	8,970	9,120	10.9	11.0	10.9
Migrants	7,970	3,895	4,075	4.8	4.8	4.8
Internal migrants	7,115	3,430	3,685	4.3	4.2	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	6,610	3,180	3,430	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	500	245	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	860	465	395	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	158,930	78,000	80,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,580	41,830	43,750	53.8	53.6	54.1
Movers	73,350	36,175	37,175	46.2	46.4	45.9
Non-migrants	41,515	20,370	21,145	26.1	26.1	26.1
Migrants	31,840	15,805	16,035	20.0	20.3	19.8
Internal migrants	25,685	12,580	13,105	16.2	16.1	16.2
Intraprovincial migrants	24,470	11,970	12,495	15.4	15.3	15.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	610	605	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	6,155	3,225	2,925	3.9	4.1	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	139,990	68,290	71,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,555	13,895	11,660	18.3	20.3	16.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	114,435	54,400	60,035	81.7	79.7	83.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,085	42,275	42,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,555	6,270	4,280	12.4	14.8	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,530	36,005	38,525	87.6	85.2	90.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	139,990	68,290	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,595	11,810	10,785	16.1	17.3	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,480	13,565	14,915	20.3	19.9	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,910	42,915	46,000	63.5	62.8	64.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,020	26,975	27,040	38.6	39.5	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,115	13,365	9,750	16.5	19.6	13.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,975	8,590	8,380	12.1	12.6	11.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,135	4,775	1,370	4.4	7.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,180	11,630	14,545	18.7	17.0	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,720	1,975	2,745	3.4	2.9	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,895	15,935	18,950	24.9	23.3	26.4
Bachelor's degree	20,520	8,895	11,625	14.7	13.0	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,555	1,160	1,395	1.8	1.7	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,275	545	735	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	8,190	3,850	4,340	5.9	5.6	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,350	1,485	860	1.7	2.2	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,085	42,275	42,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,705	5,000	3,705	10.2	11.8	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,280	7,115	6,165	15.6	16.8	14.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,095	30,160	32,940	74.2	71.3	76.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,160	18,345	17,820	42.5	43.4	41.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,020	9,730	7,295	20.0	23.0	17.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,675	6,290	6,380	14.9	14.9	14.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,350	3,435	915	5.1	8.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,215	7,400	8,815	19.1	17.5	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,925	1,210	1,715	3.4	2.9	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,930	11,820	15,115	31.7	28.0	35.3
Bachelor's degree	15,475	6,525	8,955	18.2	15.4	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,875	785	1,095	2.2	1.9	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	945	340	605	1.1	0.8	1.4
Master's degree	6,740	3,025	3,720	7.9	7.2	8.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,890	1,145	745	2.2	2.7	1.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	139,985	68,295	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,080	25,380	25,700	36.5	37.2	35.8
Education	7,720	2,005	5,715	5.5	2.9	8.0
13. Education	7,720	2,005	5,715	5.5	2.9	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,510	1,080	1,430	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	240	80	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,190	840	1,350	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	6,155	2,745	3,410	4.4	4.0	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	650	160	490	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	240	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,090	1,400	1,685	2.2	2.0	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	250	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	165	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	620	400	215	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	870	270	595	0.6	0.4	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,430	2,805	5,620	6.0	4.1	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	95	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950	350	600	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,375	145	1,230	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,540	590	950	1.1	0.9	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	350	120	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	2,140	525	1,610	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,865	995	870	1.3	1.5	1.2
Business, management and public administration	17,910	6,655	11,260	12.8	9.7	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,565	350	1,215	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,330	6,300	10,030	11.7	9.2	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,565	2,570	2,000	3.3	3.8	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,825	860	965	1.3	1.3	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	485	315	165	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,070	550	520	0.8	0.8	0.7
40. Physical sciences	970	730	235	0.7	1.1	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,870	2,125	740	2.1	3.1	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,385	1,845	540	1.7	2.7	0.8
25. Library science	130	30	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	295	220	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,350	15,870	1,480	12.4	23.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	355	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	3,450	2,910	545	2.5	4.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,890	3,450	440	2.8	5.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,835	3,715	120	2.7	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,285	3,200	90	2.3	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	2,530	2,410	120	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,165	1,090	1,070	1.5	1.6	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,330	540	785	1.0	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	835	550	285	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	13,565	3,055	10,515	9.7	4.5	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	795	455	335	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,230	2,325	9,900	8.7	3.4	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	520	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,515	2,860	2,660	3.9	4.2	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,465	1,070	2,395	2.5	1.6	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	995	840	155	0.7	1.2	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,040	935	100	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,085	42,280	42,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,985	12,120	9,870	25.8	28.7	23.1
Education	5,150	1,175	3,980	6.1	2.8	9.3
13. Education	5,150	1,175	3,980	6.1	2.8	9.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,845	755	1,090	2.2	1.8	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	175	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,605	585	1,020	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	3,395	1,450	1,950	4.0	3.4	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465	125	340	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	170	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,470	675	800	1.7	1.6	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	145	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	375	235	140	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	525	145	380	0.6	0.3	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,045	1,800	4,245	7.1	4.3	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	770	260	510	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,080	80	1,000	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,075	375	705	1.3	0.9	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	270	95	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,360	260	1,100	1.6	0.6	2.6
45. Social sciences	1,310	670	640	1.5	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	13,115	4,790	8,320	15.4	11.3	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,195	250	950	1.4	0.6	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,905	4,535	7,370	14.0	10.7	17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,685	1,510	1,175	3.2	3.6	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,410	650	765	1.7	1.5	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	150	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	160	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
40. Physical sciences	745	535	210	0.9	1.3	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,355	1,725	630	2.8	4.1	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,005	1,530	475	2.4	3.6	1.1
25. Library science	85	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	160	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,860	11,630	1,230	15.1	27.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	2,935	2,475	465	3.4	5.9	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,850	2,485	365	3.3	5.9	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,585	95	3.1	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,290	2,220	75	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,840	1,740	100	2.2	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,725	895	835	2.0	2.1	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,040	425	610	1.2	1.0	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	690	465	220	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	9,635	2,210	7,425	11.3	5.2	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	620	350	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,620	1,685	6,935	10.1	4.0	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380	170	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,170	2,185	1,985	4.9	5.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,580	800	1,785	3.0	1.9	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	730	615	110	0.9	1.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	850	765	85	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	85,085	42,280	42,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,985	12,120	9,870	25.8	28.7	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	63,095	30,155	32,940	74.2	71.3	77.0
Location of study inside Canada	57,880	27,360	30,520	68.0	64.7	71.3
Same as province or territory of residence	56,915	26,900	30,015	66.9	63.6	70.1
Different than province or territory of residence	960	460	505	1.1	1.1	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,215	2,800	2,420	6.1	6.6	5.7
Americas	1,275	670	605	1.5	1.6	1.4
United States of America	240	150	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuba	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombia	385	190	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Peru	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	2,145	1,240	900	2.5	2.9	2.1
Belgium	105	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	1,460	850	610	1.7	2.0	1.4
Germany	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,025	525	505	1.2	1.2	1.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	405	210	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	750	350	395	0.9	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	125	105	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	139,990	68,290	71,700	...	...	...
In the labour force	89,165	45,600	43,570	...	...	...
Employed	83,765	42,870	40,895	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,400	2,725	2,675	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	50,825	22,690	28,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.7	66.8	60.8	63.7	66.8	60.8
Employment rate	59.8	62.8	57.0	59.8	62.8	57.0
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	139,985	68,295	71,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	49,460	21,995	27,465	35.3	32.2	38.3
Worked	90,535	46,295	44,235	64.7	67.8	61.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	44,750	23,825	20,925	32.0	34.9	29.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	45,780	22,465	23,315	32.7	32.9	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.4	40.9	41.2	41.4	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	89,165	45,595	43,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,645	770	875	1.8	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	87,525	44,825	42,695	98.2	98.3	98.0
Employee	78,445	39,825	38,615	88.0	87.3	88.6
Permanent position	64,140	32,960	31,175	71.9	72.3	71.6
Temporary position	14,310	6,865	7,445	16.0	15.1	17.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,365	2,320	3,050	6.0	5.1	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,940	4,550	4,395	10.0	10.0	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,075	5,005	4,075	10.2	11.0	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	89,165	45,595	43,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,645	770	875	1.8	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	87,525	44,825	42,695	98.2	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,205	820	380	1.4	1.8	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,375	4,500	8,875	15.0	9.9	20.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,900	5,490	1,405	7.7	12.0	3.2
3 Health occupations	9,760	2,120	7,635	10.9	4.6	17.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,740	4,360	9,375	15.4	9.6	21.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,515	1,290	1,225	2.8	2.8	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	21,765	10,225	11,535	24.4	22.4	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,215	11,350	865	13.7	24.9	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,095	885	205	1.2	1.9	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,965	3,775	1,190	5.6	8.3	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	89,165	45,595	43,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,645	770	875	1.8	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	87,525	44,825	42,695	98.2	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	915	605	310	1.0	1.3	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	240	210	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	295	245	50	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	5,110	4,440	670	5.7	9.7	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	11,045	8,185	2,855	12.4	18.0	6.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,720	1,235	485	1.9	2.7	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	10,725	5,280	5,445	12.0	11.6	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,370	1,990	380	2.7	4.4	0.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,420	930	500	1.6	2.0	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,290	970	1,325	2.6	2.1	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,045	580	460	1.2	1.3	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,690	3,775	2,910	7.5	8.3	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,060	1,855	1,205	3.4	4.1	2.8
61 Educational services	9,815	3,735	6,080	11.0	8.2	14.0
62 Health care and social assistance	16,415	3,645	12,765	18.4	8.0	29.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,275	725	555	1.4	1.6	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	5,220	2,585	2,635	5.9	5.7	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,955	1,780	2,185	4.4	3.9	5.0
91 Public administration	3,890	2,050	1,840	4.4	4.5	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	95,775	48,945	46,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,850	1,695	1,160	3.0	3.5	2.5
French	71,680	35,495	36,180	74.8	72.5	77.2
Non-official language	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	20,300	11,260	9,040	21.2	23.0	19.3
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	480	265	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	95,775	48,945	46,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	93,390	47,550	45,835	97.5	97.1	97.9
Official languages	93,205	47,455	45,750	97.3	97.0	97.7
English	5,615	3,295	2,325	5.9	6.7	5.0
French	87,590	44,155	43,435	91.5	90.2	92.7
Non-official languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	125	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,390	1,395	995	2.5	2.9	2.1
English and French	2,285	1,340	940	2.4	2.7	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	95,775	48,945	46,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,950	38,610	38,340	80.3	78.9	81.9
English	15,420	8,415	7,005	16.1	17.2	15.0
French	2,720	1,565	1,155	2.8	3.2	2.5
Non-official language	265	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	265	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	83,765	42,870	40,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,015	6,805	7,210	16.7	15.9	17.6
Worked outside Canada	150	140	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,705	5,685	2,020	9.2	13.3	4.9
Usual place of work	61,900	30,245	31,650	73.9	70.6	77.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	61,900	30,245	31,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	50,715	23,625	27,085	81.9	78.1	85.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,070	6,535	4,530	17.9	21.6	14.3
Commute to a different province or territory	120	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	69,610	35,935	33,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	60,795	31,605	29,190	87.3	88.0	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	57,345	29,995	27,345	82.4	83.5	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,450	1,605	1,840	5.0	4.5	5.5
Public transit	3,430	1,495	1,935	4.9	4.2	5.7
Walked	3,840	1,950	1,890	5.5	5.4	5.6
Bicycle	595	440	155	0.9	1.2	0.5
Other method	950	450	500	1.4	1.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	69,610	35,935	33,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	27,050	13,205	13,845	38.9	36.7	41.1
15 to 29 minutes	30,680	15,605	15,080	44.1	43.4	44.8
30 to 44 minutes	7,740	4,465	3,280	11.1	12.4	9.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,310	1,380	930	3.3	3.8	2.8
60 minutes and over	1,820	1,280	540	2.6	3.6	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	69,610	35,935	33,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,985	2,275	715	4.3	6.3	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,275	7,280	2,995	14.8	20.3	8.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	23,705	11,305	12,405	34.1	31.5	36.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	16,030	6,615	9,410	23.0	18.4	27.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,960	2,650	3,315	8.6	7.4	9.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,650	5,815	4,835	15.3	16.2	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	33,165	17,165	16,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,580	2,345	2,245	13.8	13.7	14.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,580	14,825	13,755	86.2	86.4	86.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,435	12,610	11,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,470	1,780	1,690	14.2	14.1	14.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,675	1,360	1,315	10.9	10.8	11.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	795	420	375	3.3	3.3	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,965	10,835	10,135	85.8	85.9	85.7

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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