Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SherbrookeMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	119,038	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	111,176	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,115	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,436	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,198.7	...	...	1,198.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	99.31	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,040	57,860	61,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,755	8,765	7,985	14.1	15.1	13.1
0 to 4 years	5,210	2,760	2,450	4.4	4.8	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,720	2,975	2,745	4.8	5.1	4.5
10 to 14 years	5,825	3,035	2,785	4.9	5.2	4.6
15 to 64 years	74,610	37,415	37,200	62.7	64.7	60.8
15 to 19 years	5,950	3,000	2,955	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	10,520	5,245	5,275	8.8	9.1	8.6
25 to 29 years	9,690	5,040	4,650	8.1	8.7	7.6
30 to 34 years	7,650	4,045	3,600	6.4	7.0	5.9
35 to 39 years	6,905	3,550	3,350	5.8	6.1	5.5
40 to 44 years	6,895	3,430	3,470	5.8	5.9	5.7
45 to 49 years	5,885	2,915	2,970	4.9	5.0	4.9
50 to 54 years	5,950	2,920	3,030	5.0	5.0	5.0
55 to 59 years	7,280	3,525	3,760	6.1	6.1	6.1
60 to 64 years	7,885	3,740	4,145	6.6	6.5	6.8
65 years and over	27,675	11,680	15,995	23.2	20.2	26.1
65 to 69 years	7,595	3,495	4,100	6.4	6.0	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,860	3,135	3,725	5.8	5.4	6.1
75 to 79 years	5,355	2,345	3,010	4.5	4.1	4.9
80 to 84 years	3,630	1,355	2,275	3.0	2.3	3.7
85 years and over	4,230	1,345	2,890	3.6	2.3	4.7
85 to 89 years	2,415	850	1,570	2.0	1.5	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,350	410	935	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	400	80	330	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	65	5	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.1	13.1	14.1	15.1	13.1
15 to 64 years	62.7	64.7	60.8	62.7	64.7	60.8
65 years and over	23.2	20.2	26.1	23.2	20.2	26.1
85 years and over	3.6	2.3	4.7	3.6	2.3	4.7
Average age of the population	43.2	41.3	45.0	43.2	41.3	45.0
Median age of the population	41.6	39.2	44.0	41.6	39.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,525	...	...	28.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,410	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	1,655	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,670	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,575	...	...	54.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,440	...	...	4.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	26,245	...	...	44.9	...	...
2 persons	19,550	...	...	33.5	...	...
3 persons	5,580	...	...	9.5	...	...
4 persons	4,440	...	...	7.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,625	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,320	56,095	58,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,285	49,090	53,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,340	24,625	24,715	48.2	50.2	46.5
Married	25,975	12,990	12,985	25.4	26.5	24.4
Living common-law	23,370	11,640	11,725	22.8	23.7	22.0
Living common law - Never married	19,085	9,435	9,650	18.7	19.2	18.1
Living common law - Separated	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,625	1,890	1,740	3.5	3.9	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	425	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	52,945	24,465	28,475	51.8	49.8	53.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	37,140	19,305	17,840	36.3	39.3	33.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,445	670	775	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,805	3,215	5,595	8.6	6.5	10.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,555	1,280	4,270	5.4	2.6	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,850	...	...	61.0	...	...
3 persons	4,925	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	4,170	...	...	14.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,310	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,055	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	12,380	...	...	42.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,590	...	...	15.7	...	...
Without children	7,790	...	...	26.6	...	...
Common-law couples	11,680	...	...	39.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,695	...	...	16.0	...	...
Without children	6,985	...	...	23.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,200	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,875	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,325	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,325	56,100	58,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,750	39,465	40,285	69.8	70.3	69.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,120	24,010	24,105	42.1	42.8	41.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,200	1,325	3,870	4.5	2.4	6.6
Children⁶	26,435	14,125	12,310	23.1	25.2	21.1
In a two-parent family	18,355	9,750	8,605	16.1	17.4	14.8
In a one-parent family	8,080	4,380	3,695	7.1	7.8	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	34,570	16,635	17,940	30.2	29.7	30.8
Living alone	26,245	12,080	14,165	23.0	21.5	24.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,080	945	1,135	1.8	1.7	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	6,250	3,610	2,640	5.5	6.4	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,900	...	...	47.7	...	...
Couple-family households	23,225	...	...	39.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,945	...	...	15.3	...	...
Without children	14,285	...	...	24.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,675	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	855	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,085	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	26,245	...	...	44.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,580	47,340	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,205	46,130	49,075	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200	35,600	38,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,215	46,130	49,085	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,400	30,400	32,400	34,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,375	41,485	42,885	86.5	87.6	85.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	32,400	24,400	28,200	32,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,225	33,455	31,770	66.8	70.7	63.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,800	27,400	30,200	32,800	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,270	39,125	44,145	85.3	82.6	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	9,800	12,200	11,000	9,800	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,850	5,935	4,915	11.1	12.5	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,800	4,840	4,800	4,800	4,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,130	15,095	13,035	28.8	31.9	25.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,590	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,265	46,060	49,205	97.6	97.3	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360	48,360	40,600	44,360	48,360	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,270	46,060	49,210	97.6	97.3	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,320	39,720	35,080	37,320	39,720	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,325	41,420	42,900	86.4	87.5	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,160	43,280	33,240	38,160	43,280	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,285	33,380	31,905	66.9	70.5	63.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	42,640	35,760	39,280	42,640	35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,120	38,910	44,215	85.2	82.2	88.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,090	11,150	12,920	12,090	11,150	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,765	5,850	4,915	11.0	12.4	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,135	5,675	6,680	6,135	5,675	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,755	14,970	12,785	28.4	31.6	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,300	7,700	7,490	7,300	7,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,585	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,505	14,635	12,875	28.2	30.9	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	54,800	48,800	51,600	54,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,700	65,900	56,950	61,700	65,900	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,700	14,945	15,750	31.5	31.6	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,000	16,200	17,400	19,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,760	26,480	23,100	24,760	26,480	23,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.6	71.4	76.2	80.6	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.7	63.9	57.1	60.7	63.9	57.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	19.5	28.6	23.8	19.5	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.6	6.1	5.9	5.6	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,580	47,340	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,380	1,210	1,165	2.4	2.6	2.3
With total income	95,200	46,130	49,075	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,030	2,805	3,220	6.3	6.1	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,715	5,960	7,755	14.4	12.9	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	19,425	8,470	10,955	20.4	18.4	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,030	6,790	7,240	14.7	14.7	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,525	6,080	6,445	13.2	13.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,145	4,655	4,485	9.6	10.1	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,135	3,270	2,865	6.4	7.1	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,280	2,370	1,910	4.5	5.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	1,625	1,450	3.2	3.5	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,025	1,095	930	2.1	2.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,820	3,015	1,810	5.1	6.5	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	3,320	1,985	1,330	3.5	4.3	2.7
$150,000 and over	1,505	1,025	480	1.6	2.2	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,580	47,340	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,370	1,210	1,160	2.4	2.6	2.3
With after-tax income	95,210	46,130	49,080	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405	2,895	3,510	6.7	6.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	14,325	6,255	8,070	15.0	13.6	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	22,640	10,110	12,535	23.8	21.9	25.5
$30,000 to $39,999	17,180	8,535	8,650	18.0	18.5	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,615	6,875	6,740	14.3	14.9	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,315	4,440	3,870	8.7	9.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,220	2,735	2,485	5.5	5.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,050	1,555	1,495	3.2	3.4	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	835	685	1.6	1.8	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	890	535	350	0.9	1.2	0.7
$100,000 and over	2,055	1,360	700	2.2	2.9	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050	675	370	1.1	1.5	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,005	680	325	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,580	47,340	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,355	13,880	18,470	33.2	29.3	36.8
With employment income	65,225	33,460	31,770	66.8	70.7	63.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,490	4,250	4,235	13.0	12.7	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	6,005	2,685	3,320	9.2	8.0	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,975	4,650	5,325	15.3	13.9	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	8,065	4,005	4,065	12.4	12.0	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,390	3,840	3,545	11.3	11.5	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,750	3,420	3,335	10.3	10.2	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,985	2,740	2,250	7.6	8.2	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	2,185	1,530	5.7	6.5	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,755	1,545	1,215	4.2	4.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,435	1,215	1,220	3.7	3.6	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,260	755	505	1.9	2.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,400	2,170	1,230	5.2	6.5	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,660	1,000	665	2.5	3.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,740	1,170	570	2.7	3.5	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,580	47,340	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,625	45,320	48,305	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,200	29,400	32,000	35,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,655	45,330	48,330	96.0	95.8	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	31,800	27,400	29,400	31,800	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,015	40,855	42,160	85.1	86.3	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,800	24,600	28,400	32,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,150	33,380	31,770	66.8	70.5	63.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	26,800	29,800	32,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,115	35,685	41,435	79.0	75.4	82.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,120	9,200	7,600	5,120	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,320	5,100	4,220	9.6	10.8	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	4,160	4,400	4,240	4,160	4,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,590	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,770	45,320	48,450	96.1	95.8	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,960	44,880	37,280	40,960	44,880	37,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,800	45,320	48,480	96.1	95.8	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	37,200	32,160	34,600	37,200	32,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,975	40,910	42,065	85.0	86.5	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,560	32,760	37,600	42,560	32,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,360	33,440	31,920	67.0	70.7	63.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	41,600	34,520	38,160	41,600	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,005	35,570	41,430	78.9	75.2	82.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,360	8,250	10,320	9,360	8,250	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,285	5,100	4,185	9.5	10.8	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,250	5,350	7,340	6,250	5,350	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,585	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,315	14,510	12,810	28.0	30.7	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	51,600	44,400	48,000	51,600	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,600	61,200	51,350	56,600	61,200	51,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,980	14,170	14,815	29.7	29.9	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,000	18,000	19,400	21,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,360	29,520	25,300	27,360	29,520	25,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.6	76.4	81.2	85.6	76.4
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.4	61.0	65.0	68.4	61.0
Government transfers (%)	18.8	14.4	23.7	18.8	14.4	23.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,900	...	...	60,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,280	...	...	40,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,680	...	...	34,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	525	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,375	...	...	2.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,360	...	...	4.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,990	...	...	8.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,250	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,040	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,450	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,400	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,180	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,435	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,570	...	...	21.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,860	...	...	8.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,940	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,870	...	...	4.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,895	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	545	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,415	...	...	2.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,455	...	...	4.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,420	...	...	9.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,960	...	...	6.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,675	...	...	6.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,220	...	...	7.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,825	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,455	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,805	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,740	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,045	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,590	...	...	14.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,170	...	...	7.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,175	...	...	3.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,245	...	...	3.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,495	15,690	16,805	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,000	30,000	31,000	32,000	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	29,400	28,200	28,800	29,400	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...	70,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,250	...	...	61,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,450	15,670	16,780	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,320	39,560	37,120	38,320	39,560	37,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,720	32,720	33,200	33,720	32,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,325	56,100	58,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,060	10,475	9,585	17.5	18.7	16.5
0 to 5 years	6,300	3,320	2,980	5.5	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	70,305	34,950	35,355	61.5	62.3	60.7
65 years and over	23,960	10,675	13,285	21.0	19.0	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,310	9,355	10,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,940	1,515	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	955	520	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,675	5,800	5,875	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,700	2,040	3,660	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.8	16.7	18.8	17.8	16.7	18.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.6	14.5	14.8	14.6	14.5	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.7	14.7	15.2	15.7	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6
65 years and over (%)	23.8	19.1	27.6	23.8	19.1	27.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,320	56,100	58,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,060	10,475	9,585	17.5	18.7	16.5
0 to 5 years	6,295	3,320	2,975	5.5	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	70,300	34,955	35,350	61.5	62.3	60.7
65 years and over	23,960	10,670	13,290	21.0	19.0	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,995	4,170	3,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	875	420	455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	285	145	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,600	3,530	3,070	...	...	...
65 years and over	525	215	305	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	7.4	6.6	7.0	7.4	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.0	4.7	4.4	4.0	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	10.1	8.7	9.4	10.1	8.7
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,325	56,100	58,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	77,235	37,270	39,965	67.6	66.4	68.6
In bottom decile	18,420	8,640	9,775	16.1	15.4	16.8
In second decile	16,720	7,985	8,730	14.6	14.2	15.0
In third decile	15,725	7,580	8,145	13.8	13.5	14.0
In fourth decile	14,175	6,980	7,195	12.4	12.4	12.4
In fifth decile	12,195	6,075	6,120	10.7	10.8	10.5
In top half of the distribution	37,085	18,830	18,255	32.4	33.6	31.4
In sixth decile	10,615	5,375	5,240	9.3	9.6	9.0
In seventh decile	9,075	4,615	4,460	7.9	8.2	7.7
In eighth decile	7,415	3,740	3,670	6.5	6.7	6.3
In ninth decile	5,490	2,800	2,695	4.8	5.0	4.6
In top decile	4,490	2,300	2,195	3.9	4.1	3.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,320	...	...	114,320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.472	...	...	0.472	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,035	56,930	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,635	900	735	1.4	1.6	1.2
French only	59,785	26,720	33,065	51.1	46.9	55.0
English and French	54,530	28,770	25,755	46.6	50.5	42.9
Neither English nor French	1,080	535	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,035	56,930	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,875	2,480	2,390	4.2	4.4	4.0
French	108,345	52,425	55,915	92.6	92.1	93.0
English and French	2,780	1,510	1,275	2.4	2.7	2.1
Neither English nor French	1,035	510	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,035	56,930	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,030	55,395	58,635	97.4	97.3	97.6
Official languages	103,245	49,980	53,265	88.2	87.8	88.6
English	3,355	1,670	1,685	2.9	2.9	2.8
French	99,890	48,315	51,575	85.4	84.9	85.8
Non-official languages	10,790	5,410	5,375	9.2	9.5	8.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,775	5,405	5,370	9.2	9.5	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,305	1,230	1,080	2.0	2.2	1.8
Berber languages	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,075	1,095	975	1.8	1.9	1.6
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,980	1,055	930	1.7	1.9	1.5
Aramaic languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,275	3,125	3,155	5.4	5.5	5.2
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085	520	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,085	520	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	785	385	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	455	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	840	855	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,425	705	720	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,380	675	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	1,145	560	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iranian Persian	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,275	1,650	1,625	2.8	2.9	2.7
Catalan	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,745	1,375	1,375	2.3	2.4	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	975	470	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	295	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	275	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,000	1,535	1,470	2.6	2.7	2.4
English and French	1,550	785	765	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	990	505	485	0.8	0.9	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,035	56,930	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,085	1,075	1,015	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	96,315	46,295	50,020	82.3	81.3	83.2
Non-official language	3,700	1,860	1,840	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,700	1,860	1,840	3.2	3.3	3.1
English and French	6,930	3,705	3,220	5.9	6.5	5.4
English and non-official language(s)	705	375	330	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5,020	2,440	2,580	4.3	4.3	4.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,030	1,060	965	1.7	1.9	1.6
Multiple non-official languages	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,035	56,930	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,340	55,040	58,295	96.8	96.7	97.0
Official languages	106,840	51,800	55,035	91.3	91.0	91.6
English	3,510	1,785	1,725	3.0	3.1	2.9
French	103,330	50,015	53,315	88.3	87.9	88.7
Non-official languages	6,500	3,240	3,260	5.6	5.7	5.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,495	3,240	3,255	5.5	5.7	5.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,325	675	645	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,230	630	605	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,160	590	570	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,175	2,065	2,110	3.6	3.6	3.5
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	630	295	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	630	295	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	485	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,330	645	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	185	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,140	560	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,105	540	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	925	450	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian Persian	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,135	1,075	1,060	1.8	1.9	1.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,855	930	930	1.6	1.6	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,695	1,890	1,805	3.2	3.3	3.0
English and French	1,595	820	775	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	270	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,495	745	750	1.3	1.3	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	295	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,035	56,935	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,175	50,780	54,395	89.9	89.2	90.5
English	4,855	2,670	2,190	4.1	4.7	3.6
French	2,765	1,360	1,410	2.4	2.4	2.3
Non-official language	2,490	1,230	1,265	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,490	1,230	1,265	2.1	2.2	2.1
English and French	460	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	715	365	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	220	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,315	56,070	58,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,230	55,520	57,710	99.1	99.0	99.1
English	55,410	29,125	26,280	48.5	51.9	45.1
French	111,645	54,610	57,035	97.7	97.4	97.9
Non-official languages	17,665	8,660	9,010	15.5	15.4	15.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,640	8,655	8,985	15.4	15.4	15.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,140	1,665	1,475	2.7	3.0	2.5
Berber languages	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,930	1,560	1,365	2.6	2.8	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,880	1,540	1,340	2.5	2.7	2.3
Aramaic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	235	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	115	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	465	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	110	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,470	5,565	5,905	10.0	9.9	10.1
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,385	720	670	1.2	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,385	720	670	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	365	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	885	460	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bosnian	320	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	535	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	600	345	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	505	305	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	495	295	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,190	1,185	1,005	1.9	2.1	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	605	370	235	0.5	0.7	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	290	200	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,815	945	870	1.6	1.7	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,765	915	850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Dari	1,475	740	735	1.3	1.3	1.3
Iranian Persian	265	155	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,580	3,495	4,080	6.6	6.2	7.0
Catalan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	555	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	445	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	6,830	3,080	3,755	6.0	5.5	6.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,985	940	1,050	1.7	1.7	1.8
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	380	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	765	405	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Wojenaka	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	350	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,315	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,910	860	1,055	1.7	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,815	805	1,015	1.6	1.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,245	535	710	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	515	250	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	112,405	55,210	57,195	98.3	98.5	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,315	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	375	140	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,940	55,925	58,015	99.7	99.8	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,845	...	...	40.8	...	...
Renter	34,585	...	...	59.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,330	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not condominium	52,100	...	...	89.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	710	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	12,375	...	...	21.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,475	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,530	...	...	28.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,345	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,765	...	...	47.5	...	...
5 rooms	10,620	...	...	18.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,980	...	...	8.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,845	...	...	8.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,215	...	...	17.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,895	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	530	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	56,900	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,525	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,385	...	...	21.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,760	...	...	30.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,360	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,410	...	...	11.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,750	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,465	...	...	5.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,600	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,700	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	55,345	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,080	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,880	...	...	61.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,290	...	...	36.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,260	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,000	...	...	8.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,940	...	...	17.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,535	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,845	...	...	13.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,975	...	...	17.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,710	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,620	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,805	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,330	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,835	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,095	...	...	17.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,675	...	...	25.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,185	...	...	17.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,295	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,425	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,750	...	...	74.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,980	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not in core need	54,445	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.2	...	...	61.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,053	...	...	1,053	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	279,200	...	...	279,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,585	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.2	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	748	...	...	748	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,320	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,030	885	1,140	1.8	1.6	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,990	880	1,110	1.7	1.6	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,835	815	1,020	1.6	1.5	1.8
Métis single ancestry	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,115	1,335	1,785	2.7	2.4	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,100	1,320	1,775	2.7	2.4	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,925	1,245	1,680	2.6	2.2	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,170	53,845	55,325	95.5	96.0	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,315	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,790	52,110	54,680	93.4	92.9	93.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,590	9,825	8,760	16.3	17.5	15.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,200	42,285	45,920	77.2	75.4	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,525	3,955	3,570	6.6	7.1	6.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,315	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,215	48,190	51,025	86.8	86.0	87.6
Immigrants⁸¹	12,055	6,105	5,945	10.5	10.9	10.2
Before 1980	870	505	360	0.8	0.9	0.6
1980 to 1990	585	280	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,545	805	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
2001 to 2010	3,260	1,705	1,555	2.9	3.0	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,800	2,805	2,995	5.1	5.0	5.1
2011 to 2015	2,350	1,140	1,205	2.1	2.0	2.1
2016 to 2021	3,450	1,665	1,785	3.0	3.0	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,050	1,775	1,275	2.7	3.2	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,050	6,105	5,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,405	745	665	11.7	12.2	11.2
5 to 14 years	2,320	1,100	1,215	19.3	18.0	20.4
15 to 24 years	1,825	920	910	15.1	15.1	15.3
25 to 44 years	5,565	2,865	2,700	46.2	46.9	45.4
45 years and over	935	485	455	7.8	7.9	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,050	6,105	5,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,615	1,275	1,340	21.7	20.9	22.5
Brazil	125	60	65	1.0	1.0	1.1
Colombia	910	430	485	7.6	7.0	8.2
El Salvador	110	50	55	0.9	0.8	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	240	125	115	2.0	2.0	1.9
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	135	65	70	1.1	1.1	1.2
Peru	90	40	55	0.7	0.7	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	300	135	165	2.5	2.2	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	685	355	335	5.7	5.8	5.6
Europe	2,900	1,565	1,335	24.1	25.6	22.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	560	285	275	4.6	4.7	4.6
Croatia	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
France	1,250	700	550	10.4	11.5	9.3
Germany	80	45	30	0.7	0.7	0.5
Greece	35	25	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	55	25	0.7	0.9	0.4
Netherlands	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Poland	55	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portugal	20	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	105	55	50	0.9	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	130	60	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	75	40	40	0.6	0.7	0.7
Ukraine	30	10	25	0.2	0.2	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	340	200	140	2.8	3.3	2.4
Africa	3,855	1,950	1,900	32.0	31.9	32.0
Algeria	425	235	190	3.5	3.8	3.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	515	240	275	4.3	3.9	4.6
Egypt	105	45	55	0.9	0.7	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	665	375	290	5.5	6.1	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,115	1,045	1,075	17.6	17.1	18.1
Asia	2,685	1,305	1,375	22.3	21.4	23.1
Afghanistan	1,045	510	535	8.7	8.4	9.0
Iran⁸⁸	140	85	55	1.2	1.4	0.9
Iraq	220	95	125	1.8	1.6	2.1
Lebanon	115	70	50	1.0	1.1	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	255	140	115	2.1	2.3	1.9
Turkey	40	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	150	65	85	1.2	1.1	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	265	140	120	2.2	2.3	2.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	270	105	160	2.2	1.7	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,450	1,665	1,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	340	155	185	9.9	9.3	10.4
Brazil	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
Colombia	130	50	80	3.8	3.0	4.5
Haiti	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
United States of America	35	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	95	65	35	2.8	3.9	2.0
Europe	415	220	190	12.0	13.2	10.6
France	265	150	115	7.7	9.0	6.4
Germany	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	30	25	1.4	1.8	1.4
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	25	40	2.0	1.5	2.2
Africa	1,240	580	660	35.9	34.8	37.0
Algeria	80	30	45	2.3	1.8	2.5
Burundi	65	20	40	1.9	1.2	2.2
Cameroon	140	75	65	4.1	4.5	3.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	100	115	6.1	6.0	6.4
Côte d'Ivoire	80	35	50	2.3	2.1	2.8
Egypt	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	130	70	55	3.8	4.2	3.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	80	40	40	2.3	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	425	195	225	12.3	11.7	12.6
Asia	1,455	710	745	42.2	42.6	41.7
Afghanistan	680	330	355	19.7	19.8	19.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	25	10	0.9	1.5	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	25	2.0	2.4	1.4
Iraq	100	45	50	2.9	2.7	2.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Lebanon	45	20	20	1.3	1.2	1.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	205	105	100	5.9	6.3	5.6
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	185	105	80	5.4	6.3	4.5
Turkey	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	2.0	1.2	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,315	56,070	58,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,970	8,240	7,725	14.0	14.7	13.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,195	3,710	3,485	6.3	6.6	6.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	91,150	44,110	47,035	79.7	78.7	80.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,185	5,605	5,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,125	2,170	1,955	36.9	38.7	35.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,905	1,265	645	17.0	22.6	11.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,220	910	1,315	19.8	16.2	23.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,815	805	1,015	16.2	14.4	18.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,200	2,615	2,585	46.5	46.7	46.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,185	5,605	5,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	355	205	150	3.2	3.7	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	605	320	285	5.4	5.7	5.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	110	75	1.7	2.0	1.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	635	385	240	5.7	6.9	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,355	4,550	4,805	83.6	81.2	86.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,315	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,400	6,910	6,495	11.7	12.3	11.2
South Asian	560	325	235	0.5	0.6	0.4
Chinese	510	195	315	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	4,620	2,340	2,280	4.0	4.2	3.9
Filipino	175	125	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab	2,420	1,330	1,085	2.1	2.4	1.9
Latin American	2,695	1,380	1,320	2.4	2.5	2.3
Southeast Asian	380	140	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Asian	1,560	825	730	1.4	1.5	1.3
Korean	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,915	49,160	51,755	88.3	87.7	88.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,315	56,070	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,700	18,010	19,690	33.0	32.1	33.8
English	2,005	945	1,060	1.8	1.7	1.8
Irish	5,565	2,515	3,055	4.9	4.5	5.2
Scottish	1,855	840	1,015	1.6	1.5	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,740	14,875	14,870	26.0	26.5	25.5
German	1,600	740	860	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	535	205	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italian	1,830	885	945	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indian (India)	375	210	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukrainian	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Québécois	14,355	7,165	7,190	12.6	12.8	12.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	190	130	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	8,905	4,245	4,660	7.8	7.6	8.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,520	1,205	1,320	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,390	1,085	1,300	2.1	1.9	2.2
Métis	325	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,330	680	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
Russian	275	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	135	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	985	445	545	0.9	0.8	0.9
Spanish	1,070	545	530	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swedish	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	765	365	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistani	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	790	395	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,010	520	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Greek	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	65	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	225	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,060	575	490	0.9	1.0	0.8
Danish	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	635	260	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	825	415	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	535	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	375	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	345	205	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egyptian	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,030	500	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Moroccan	790	485	305	0.7	0.9	0.5
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	390	235	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	1,365	690	675	1.2	1.2	1.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	395	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	445	260	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Brazilian	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	350	125	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	685	365	315	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	320	195	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	275	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Venezuelan	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	285	160	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guatemalan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	435	160	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moldovan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	215	65	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norman	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	385	200	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	210	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,315	56,065	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	69,540	32,470	37,070	60.8	57.9	63.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,205	2,635	2,570	4.6	4.7	4.4
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	435	190	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	60,310	27,985	32,330	52.8	49.9	55.5
Christian Orthodox	865	450	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	550	240	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	450	175	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Presbyterian	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	185	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,110	575	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
Hindu	220	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jewish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	5,495	2,835	2,660	4.8	5.1	4.6
Sikh	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	570	295	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	38,050	20,100	17,945	33.3	35.9	30.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,185	55,475	57,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,400	45,700	47,705	82.5	82.4	82.7
Movers	19,780	9,780	10,005	17.5	17.6	17.3
Non-migrants	13,635	6,760	6,875	12.0	12.2	11.9
Migrants	6,150	3,015	3,130	5.4	5.4	5.4
Internal migrants	5,475	2,645	2,835	4.8	4.8	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,105	2,455	2,650	4.5	4.4	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	670	380	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,930	53,160	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,850	26,455	28,395	50.4	49.8	50.9
Movers	54,080	26,700	27,385	49.6	50.2	49.1
Non-migrants	29,550	14,440	15,110	27.1	27.2	27.1
Migrants	24,540	12,260	12,270	22.5	23.1	22.0
Internal migrants	19,330	9,550	9,780	17.7	18.0	17.5
Intraprovincial migrants	18,505	9,140	9,365	17.0	17.2	16.8
Interprovincial migrants	825	405	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	5,205	2,715	2,490	4.8	5.1	4.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,590	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,650	9,985	8,670	19.1	21.1	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,935	37,335	41,605	80.9	78.9	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,305	28,445	28,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,920	4,600	3,320	13.8	16.2	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,385	23,840	25,550	86.2	83.8	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,590	47,315	50,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,510	8,515	8,005	16.9	18.0	15.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,890	9,325	10,565	20.4	19.7	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,185	29,480	31,700	62.7	62.3	63.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,425	17,865	18,555	37.3	37.8	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,275	8,670	6,605	15.7	18.3	13.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,280	5,670	5,610	11.6	12.0	11.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,995	3,000	995	4.1	6.3	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,895	7,805	10,090	18.3	16.5	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,250	1,390	1,855	3.3	2.9	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,760	11,610	13,145	25.4	24.5	26.1
Bachelor's degree	14,145	6,255	7,890	14.5	13.2	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,780	835	945	1.8	1.8	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,025	450	575	1.1	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	6,035	2,925	3,105	6.2	6.2	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,775	1,145	630	1.8	2.4	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,310	28,440	28,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,610	3,715	2,900	11.5	13.1	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,975	4,830	4,145	15.7	17.0	14.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,720	19,895	21,825	72.8	70.0	75.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,180	11,570	11,605	40.4	40.7	40.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,885	6,070	4,810	19.0	21.3	16.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,200	4,030	4,175	14.3	14.2	14.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,680	2,045	640	4.7	7.2	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,410	4,680	5,730	18.2	16.5	19.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,885	825	1,065	3.3	2.9	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,545	8,320	10,220	32.4	29.3	35.4
Bachelor's degree	10,190	4,345	5,845	17.8	15.3	20.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	565	720	2.2	2.0	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	760	275	485	1.3	1.0	1.7
Master's degree	4,920	2,280	2,645	8.6	8.0	9.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,385	860	530	2.4	3.0	1.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,585	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,400	17,835	18,565	37.3	37.7	36.9
Education	5,025	1,375	3,655	5.1	2.9	7.3
13. Education	5,025	1,375	3,655	5.1	2.9	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,785	750	1,030	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	155	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,570	595	975	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	4,710	2,110	2,600	4.8	4.5	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	125	390	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,330	1,055	1,275	2.4	2.2	2.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	295	215	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	125	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	455	295	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	715	230	480	0.7	0.5	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,995	2,025	3,970	6.1	4.3	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	650	240	415	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	105	805	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	425	710	1.2	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	270	90	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,495	375	1,120	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,390	735	660	1.4	1.6	1.3
Business, management and public administration	11,815	4,440	7,375	12.1	9.4	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,095	275	825	1.1	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,700	4,155	6,545	11.0	8.8	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,445	1,925	1,520	3.5	4.1	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,335	625	705	1.4	1.3	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	230	115	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	850	425	430	0.9	0.9	0.9
40. Physical sciences	765	565	200	0.8	1.2	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,100	1,565	535	2.2	3.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,710	1,345	365	1.8	2.8	0.7
25. Library science	105	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	165	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,190	10,210	980	11.5	21.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,415	2,015	400	2.5	4.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,475	2,210	260	2.5	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,420	2,335	85	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,005	1,955	45	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,640	1,565	75	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,415	700	715	1.5	1.5	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	820	325	495	0.8	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	600	380	220	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	9,895	2,380	7,515	10.1	5.0	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	595	345	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,870	1,810	7,060	9.1	3.8	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	410	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,690	1,960	1,730	3.8	4.1	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,355	815	1,535	2.4	1.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	595	490	105	0.6	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	635	85	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	57,310	28,440	28,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,585	8,545	7,040	27.2	30.0	24.4
Education	3,155	780	2,380	5.5	2.7	8.2
13. Education	3,155	780	2,380	5.5	2.7	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,270	495	770	2.2	1.7	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	105	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,115	390	725	1.9	1.4	2.5
Humanities	2,500	1,050	1,450	4.4	3.7	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	90	270	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	120	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	450	575	1.8	1.6	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	120	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	260	165	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	435	120	315	0.8	0.4	1.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,215	1,295	2,925	7.4	4.6	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	175	340	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	70	640	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	770	260	515	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	80	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	920	190	730	1.6	0.7	2.5
45. Social sciences	980	490	490	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	8,255	3,050	5,205	14.4	10.7	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	825	195	630	1.4	0.7	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,420	2,845	4,570	12.9	10.0	15.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,965	1,110	860	3.4	3.9	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,015	470	545	1.8	1.7	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	580	410	170	1.0	1.4	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,700	1,235	465	3.0	4.3	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,400	1,075	325	2.4	3.8	1.1
25. Library science	75	15	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	125	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,955	7,155	800	13.9	25.2	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,970	1,640	325	3.4	5.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,735	1,535	205	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,600	1,520	75	2.8	5.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,350	1,310	40	2.4	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,125	1,065	65	2.0	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,125	575	550	2.0	2.0	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	255	385	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	320	165	0.9	1.1	0.6
Health and related fields	6,785	1,665	5,120	11.8	5.9	17.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	460	255	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,015	1,265	4,755	10.5	4.4	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300	140	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,690	1,455	1,235	4.7	5.1	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,685	595	1,090	2.9	2.1	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	350	80	0.7	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	510	70	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	57,310	28,440	28,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,585	8,545	7,040	27.2	30.0	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,720	19,895	21,825	72.8	70.0	75.6
Location of study inside Canada	37,680	17,745	19,935	65.7	62.4	69.1
Same as province or territory of residence	37,005	17,405	19,600	64.6	61.2	67.9
Different than province or territory of residence	675	340	335	1.2	1.2	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,040	2,150	1,890	7.0	7.6	6.5
Americas	915	465	455	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	145	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	290	140	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,605	940	665	2.8	3.3	2.3
Belgium	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	1,050	625	420	1.8	2.2	1.5
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	895	455	440	1.6	1.6	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	170	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	210	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	365	195	170	0.6	0.7	0.6
Asia	610	285	325	1.1	1.0	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraq	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	115	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,590	47,315	50,275	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,455	30,335	29,125	...	...	...
Employed	55,385	28,240	27,145	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,075	2,090	1,980	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,125	16,985	21,145	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.9	64.1	57.9	60.9	64.1	57.9
Employment rate	56.8	59.7	54.0	56.8	59.7	54.0
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.9	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,585	47,315	50,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,130	16,495	20,635	38.0	34.9	41.0
Worked	60,460	30,820	29,635	62.0	65.1	59.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,305	15,095	13,210	29.0	31.9	26.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,150	15,725	16,425	32.9	33.2	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.8	40.2	40.5	40.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,460	30,335	29,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,280	595	690	2.2	2.0	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,175	29,735	28,440	97.8	98.0	97.6
Employee	52,440	26,625	25,815	88.2	87.8	88.6
Permanent position	41,850	21,585	20,265	70.4	71.2	69.6
Temporary position	10,590	5,040	5,545	17.8	16.6	19.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,100	1,815	2,285	6.9	6.0	7.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,490	3,220	3,270	10.9	10.6	11.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,735	3,110	2,625	9.6	10.3	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,460	30,335	29,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,280	595	690	2.2	2.0	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,175	29,735	28,440	97.8	98.0	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	680	475	200	1.1	1.6	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,395	2,700	5,690	14.1	8.9	19.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,595	3,710	880	7.7	12.2	3.0
3 Health occupations	6,870	1,630	5,235	11.6	5.4	18.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,195	3,050	6,145	15.5	10.1	21.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,800	920	875	3.0	3.0	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,860	7,050	7,810	25.0	23.2	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,505	6,910	595	12.6	22.8	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	770	620	150	1.3	2.0	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,510	2,665	845	5.9	8.8	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,460	30,335	29,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,280	595	690	2.2	2.0	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	58,175	29,735	28,440	97.8	98.0	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	660	430	230	1.1	1.4	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	130	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	175	135	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
23 Construction	2,835	2,500	340	4.8	8.2	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	7,170	5,300	1,870	12.1	17.5	6.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,025	710	320	1.7	2.3	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	7,120	3,465	3,650	12.0	11.4	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,535	1,275	255	2.6	4.2	0.9
51 Information and cultural industries	975	615	360	1.6	2.0	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,335	550	785	2.2	1.8	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	430	310	1.2	1.4	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,610	2,680	1,930	7.8	8.8	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,110	1,260	855	3.5	4.2	2.9
61 Educational services	6,475	2,610	3,860	10.9	8.6	13.3
62 Health care and social assistance	11,440	2,720	8,720	19.2	9.0	29.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	485	395	1.5	1.6	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,675	1,915	1,760	6.2	6.3	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,655	1,165	1,485	4.5	3.8	5.1
91 Public administration	2,580	1,335	1,245	4.3	4.4	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,330	32,780	31,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,655	1,000	660	2.6	3.1	2.1
French	48,230	23,880	24,345	75.0	72.8	77.2
Non-official language	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	13,710	7,520	6,195	21.3	22.9	19.6
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	230	90	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	375	215	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,330	32,780	31,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,685	31,820	30,865	97.4	97.1	97.8
Official languages	62,550	31,750	30,800	97.2	96.9	97.6
English	3,335	1,960	1,370	5.2	6.0	4.3
French	59,210	29,780	29,430	92.0	90.8	93.3
Non-official languages	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,645	955	690	2.6	2.9	2.2
English and French	1,555	910	645	2.4	2.8	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,330	32,780	31,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,565	25,860	25,705	80.2	78.9	81.5
English	10,610	5,725	4,890	16.5	17.5	15.5
French	1,635	930	700	2.5	2.8	2.2
Non-official language	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	255	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,385	28,240	27,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,240	4,485	4,760	16.7	15.9	17.5
Worked outside Canada	60	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,845	3,515	1,325	8.7	12.4	4.9
Usual place of work	41,235	20,180	21,055	74.5	71.5	77.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,235	20,180	21,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	34,405	16,040	18,365	83.4	79.5	87.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,765	4,095	2,670	16.4	20.3	12.7
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,075	23,700	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,775	20,135	18,640	84.2	85.0	83.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,430	19,035	17,400	79.1	80.3	77.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	1,105	1,245	5.1	4.7	5.6
Public transit	3,015	1,345	1,670	6.5	5.7	7.5
Walked	3,155	1,570	1,585	6.8	6.6	7.1
Bicycle	465	335	125	1.0	1.4	0.6
Other method	670	310	360	1.5	1.3	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,075	23,700	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,980	8,900	10,085	41.2	37.6	45.1
15 to 29 minutes	18,935	9,860	9,070	41.1	41.6	40.5
30 to 44 minutes	5,185	3,040	2,150	11.3	12.8	9.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,690	1,035	660	3.7	4.4	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,285	865	420	2.8	3.6	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,075	23,700	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,910	1,380	525	4.1	5.8	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,490	4,520	1,970	14.1	19.1	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,880	7,080	7,795	32.3	29.9	34.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,775	4,470	6,305	23.4	18.9	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,260	1,950	2,310	9.2	8.2	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,765	4,290	3,475	16.9	18.1	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,470	10,675	9,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,710	1,380	1,330	13.2	12.9	13.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,760	9,295	8,465	86.8	87.1	86.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,905	7,740	7,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,045	1,040	1,005	13.7	13.4	14.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,595	800	795	10.7	10.3	11.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	235	210	3.0	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,865	6,705	6,160	86.3	86.6	86.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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