Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SheffordMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	115,924	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	111,139	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,349	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,371	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	84.7	...	...	84.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,369.28	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,925	57,700	58,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,325	9,955	9,370	16.7	17.3	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,720	2,955	2,765	4.9	5.1	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,705	3,420	3,285	5.8	5.9	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,895	3,580	3,320	5.9	6.2	5.7
15 to 64 years	69,970	35,335	34,635	60.4	61.2	59.5
15 to 19 years	5,850	2,990	2,865	5.0	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	4,990	2,600	2,390	4.3	4.5	4.1
25 to 29 years	5,980	3,020	2,960	5.2	5.2	5.1
30 to 34 years	6,530	3,295	3,230	5.6	5.7	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,845	3,490	3,350	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	7,550	3,905	3,645	6.5	6.8	6.3
45 to 49 years	6,440	3,340	3,100	5.6	5.8	5.3
50 to 54 years	6,820	3,430	3,390	5.9	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,115	4,445	4,665	7.9	7.7	8.0
60 to 64 years	9,850	4,810	5,035	8.5	8.3	8.6
65 years and over	26,630	12,410	14,220	23.0	21.5	24.4
65 to 69 years	8,540	4,190	4,350	7.4	7.3	7.5
70 to 74 years	7,150	3,535	3,610	6.2	6.1	6.2
75 to 79 years	5,065	2,370	2,695	4.4	4.1	4.6
80 to 84 years	3,015	1,340	1,675	2.6	2.3	2.9
85 years and over	2,860	970	1,890	2.5	1.7	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,850	675	1,175	1.6	1.2	2.0
90 to 94 years	795	250	550	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	200	50	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.3	16.1	16.7	17.3	16.1
15 to 64 years	60.4	61.2	59.5	60.4	61.2	59.5
65 years and over	23.0	21.5	24.4	23.0	21.5	24.4
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	44.1	43.1	45.1	44.1	43.1	45.1
Median age of the population	45.6	44.4	46.8	45.6	44.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,455	...	...	51.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,470	...	...	6.8	...	...
Row house	560	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,165	...	...	6.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,385	...	...	29.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	515	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	1.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,110	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,565	...	...	34.2	...	...
2 persons	19,355	...	...	37.7	...	...
3 persons	5,995	...	...	11.7	...	...
4 persons	5,260	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,195	...	...	6.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,935	56,580	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,600	47,745	48,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,550	28,280	28,275	58.5	59.2	57.9
Married	28,845	14,445	14,400	29.9	30.3	29.5
Living common-law	27,710	13,835	13,870	28.7	29.0	28.4
Living common law - Never married	21,415	10,655	10,765	22.2	22.3	22.0
Living common law - Separated	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,410	2,770	2,640	5.6	5.8	5.4
Living common law - Widowed	635	295	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	40,045	19,465	20,585	41.5	40.8	42.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,005	14,530	11,470	26.9	30.4	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,060	515	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,365	3,035	4,325	7.6	6.4	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,615	1,380	4,240	5.8	2.9	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,240	...	...	58.7	...	...
3 persons	5,730	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	5,075	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,705	...	...	8.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,775	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	13,920	...	...	42.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,485	...	...	13.7	...	...
Without children	9,435	...	...	28.8	...	...
Common-law couples	13,855	...	...	42.3	...	...
With children⁶	6,925	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	6,930	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,975	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,400	...	...	10.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,570	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,585	45,310	45,280	80.2	80.1	80.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,550	27,735	27,815	49.2	49.0	49.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,980	1,575	3,400	4.4	2.8	6.0
Children⁶	30,065	16,000	14,060	26.6	28.3	24.9
In a two-parent family	22,185	11,755	10,425	19.6	20.8	18.5
In a one-parent family	7,880	4,245	3,630	7.0	7.5	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,345	11,265	11,080	19.8	19.9	19.7
Living alone	17,565	8,595	8,975	15.6	15.2	15.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,795	845	950	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,980	1,820	1,155	2.6	3.2	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,700	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	26,345	...	...	51.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,765	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	15,575	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,355	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	580	...	...	1.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	950	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,445	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	17,565	...	...	34.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,640	46,635	47,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,125	45,885	46,245	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,600	39,600	44,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,155	45,905	46,250	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,000	35,200	38,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,750	42,080	40,670	88.4	90.2	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,000	25,800	31,600	38,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,820	34,710	31,100	70.3	74.4	66.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	29,000	34,000	39,200	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,535	37,100	40,440	82.8	79.6	86.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,400	13,200	12,000	10,400	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,110	6,375	5,735	12.9	13.7	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,960	5,240	5,080	4,960	5,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,880	14,110	12,770	28.7	30.3	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,650	46,565	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,170	45,795	46,380	98.4	98.3	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,360	52,050	40,760	46,360	52,050	40,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,210	45,815	46,395	98.5	98.4	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,880	42,560	35,240	38,880	42,560	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,745	41,875	40,870	88.4	89.9	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,640	46,680	32,440	39,640	46,680	32,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,785	34,550	31,235	70.2	74.2	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,320	45,560	34,520	40,320	45,560	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,750	37,315	40,435	83.0	80.1	85.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,780	11,500	13,980	12,780	11,500	13,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,085	6,280	5,810	12.9	13.5	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,320	5,515	7,190	6,320	5,515	7,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,395	13,965	12,430	28.2	30.0	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,420	6,940	7,960	7,420	6,940	7,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,650	46,565	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,160	17,420	13,745	33.3	37.4	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	56,400	46,800	52,000	56,400	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,800	63,550	52,800	58,800	63,550	52,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,825	12,965	13,860	28.6	27.8	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	23,000	16,800	19,200	23,000	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,120	32,080	22,480	27,120	32,080	22,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	82.0	70.2	76.8	82.0	70.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	66.0	57.0	62.0	66.0	57.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.2	18.0	29.9	23.2	18.0	29.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.2	1.8	1.5	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.7	6.4	5.4	4.7	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.1	5.2	4.6	4.1	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,645	46,640	47,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,515	750	765	1.6	1.6	1.6
With total income	92,125	45,885	46,240	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,465	2,335	3,130	5.9	5.1	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,650	4,590	7,060	12.6	10.0	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,260	7,230	9,035	17.6	15.8	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	13,270	6,145	7,125	14.4	13.4	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,745	6,355	6,390	13.8	13.8	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,280	5,390	4,895	11.2	11.7	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,290	4,275	3,010	7.9	9.3	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,960	3,045	1,920	5.4	6.6	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	1,990	1,360	3.6	4.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,085	1,260	825	2.3	2.7	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,765	3,280	1,485	5.2	7.1	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,485	2,330	1,150	3.8	5.1	2.5
$150,000 and over	1,285	955	330	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,645	46,640	47,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,485	735	750	1.6	1.6	1.6
With after-tax income	92,155	45,905	46,250	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,890	2,465	3,420	6.4	5.4	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,295	4,930	7,360	13.3	10.7	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	19,130	8,585	10,540	20.8	18.7	22.8
$30,000 to $39,999	16,860	8,290	8,570	18.3	18.1	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,940	7,990	6,955	16.2	17.4	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,815	5,660	4,160	10.7	12.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,725	3,255	2,465	6.2	7.1	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,130	1,795	1,335	3.4	3.9	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,620	1,010	605	1.8	2.2	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	930	595	330	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,825	1,325	500	2.0	2.9	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	975	690	285	1.1	1.5	0.6
$125,000 and over	850	635	215	0.9	1.4	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,645	46,640	47,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,825	11,920	15,900	29.7	25.6	33.8
With employment income	65,815	34,715	31,105	70.3	74.4	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,970	4,635	4,330	13.6	13.4	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,255	2,365	2,895	8.0	6.8	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,235	3,670	4,565	12.5	10.6	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,310	3,180	4,130	11.1	9.2	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,720	3,730	3,985	11.7	10.7	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,430	3,900	3,530	11.3	11.2	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,120	3,560	2,560	9.3	10.3	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,485	2,930	1,555	6.8	8.4	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	2,080	1,150	4.9	6.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,435	1,390	1,045	3.7	4.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	910	410	2.0	2.6	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,305	2,360	945	5.0	6.8	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,750	1,220	530	2.7	3.5	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,555	1,140	410	2.4	3.3	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,640	46,635	47,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,050	45,355	45,695	97.2	97.3	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	32,400	37,200	42,400	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,095	45,360	45,735	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	29,600	33,200	36,800	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,740	41,650	40,085	87.3	89.3	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	27,600	33,200	39,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,390	34,850	31,540	70.9	74.7	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,200	34,800	40,800	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,880	32,535	37,345	74.6	69.8	79.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,700	10,500	9,200	7,700	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,890	5,760	5,140	11.6	12.4	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,480	4,800	4,600	4,480	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,650	46,565	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,155	45,355	45,800	97.3	97.4	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	50,280	38,280	44,240	50,280	38,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,175	45,360	45,825	97.4	97.4	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,880	40,920	32,920	36,880	40,920	32,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,875	41,680	40,200	87.4	89.5	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	47,560	33,200	40,520	47,560	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,415	34,770	31,640	70.9	74.7	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,720	46,280	34,600	40,720	46,280	34,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,955	32,640	37,315	74.7	70.1	79.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,230	9,110	11,200	10,230	9,110	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,705	5,540	5,165	11.4	11.9	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,180	5,425	6,990	6,180	5,425	6,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,650	46,565	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,985	17,345	13,640	33.1	37.2	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	54,000	43,200	49,200	54,000	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,950	61,450	48,960	55,950	61,450	48,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,690	12,505	13,190	27.4	26.9	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	29,200	21,400	24,400	29,200	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	37,120	26,720	31,800	37,120	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	87.0	76.2	82.2	87.0	76.2
Employment income (%)	67.0	70.6	62.5	67.0	70.6	62.5
Government transfers (%)	17.8	13.0	23.8	17.8	13.0	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.1	1.6	1.3	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,520	...	...	36,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	685	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,085	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,310	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,095	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,030	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,670	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,730	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,490	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,655	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,085	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,735	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,975	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,030	...	...	29.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,865	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,650	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,440	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,075	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,165	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,535	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,580	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,620	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,250	...	...	6.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,175	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,880	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,255	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,610	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,995	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,750	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,090	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,165	...	...	19.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,010	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,580	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,580	...	...	5.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,550	10,415	10,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	39,200	32,400	35,600	39,200	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,400	30,000	32,000	34,400	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...	76,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,800	...	...	134,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700	...	...	72,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,350	...	...	63,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,585	10,355	10,230	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,800	45,120	38,440	41,800	45,120	38,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,760	37,720	33,720	35,760	37,720	33,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,895	11,760	11,140	20.3	20.8	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,975	3,635	3,340	6.2	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	65,880	33,210	32,675	58.3	58.7	58.0
65 years and over	24,160	11,610	12,550	21.4	20.5	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,070	5,940	7,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,065	1,035	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	690	350	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,985	2,930	3,055	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,015	1,975	3,040	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.5	12.7	11.6	10.5	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	8.8	9.3	9.0	8.8	9.3
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	9.6	10.2	9.9	9.6	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.4	9.1	8.8	9.4
65 years and over (%)	20.8	17.0	24.2	20.8	17.0	24.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,895	11,760	11,140	20.3	20.8	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,975	3,635	3,340	6.2	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	65,875	33,205	32,670	58.3	58.7	58.0
65 years and over	24,165	11,615	12,550	21.4	20.5	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,295	1,730	1,565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	400	190	210	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	110	55	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,545	1,385	1,160	...	...	...
65 years and over	345	155	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.9	3.1	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.2	3.6	3.9	4.2	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,645	34,160	35,485	61.7	60.4	63.0
In bottom decile	10,525	4,885	5,645	9.3	8.6	10.0
In second decile	14,555	6,925	7,635	12.9	12.2	13.5
In third decile	15,115	7,460	7,655	13.4	13.2	13.6
In fourth decile	15,140	7,620	7,520	13.4	13.5	13.3
In fifth decile	14,310	7,275	7,030	12.7	12.9	12.5
In top half of the distribution	43,290	22,415	20,875	38.3	39.6	37.0
In sixth decile	12,590	6,465	6,125	11.1	11.4	10.9
In seventh decile	11,095	5,765	5,335	9.8	10.2	9.5
In eighth decile	8,870	4,615	4,250	7.9	8.2	7.5
In ninth decile	6,430	3,340	3,090	5.7	5.9	5.5
In top decile	4,310	2,235	2,075	3.8	4.0	3.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,935	...	...	112,935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,400	57,225	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	885	485	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
French only	70,955	33,745	37,210	62.0	59.0	65.1
English and French	42,145	22,750	19,395	36.8	39.8	33.9
Neither English nor French	420	245	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,400	57,225	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,740	1,955	1,785	3.3	3.4	3.1
French	109,280	54,505	54,775	95.5	95.2	95.8
English and French	990	535	460	0.9	0.9	0.8
Neither English nor French	390	230	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,400	57,225	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,650	56,335	56,315	98.5	98.4	98.5
Official languages	108,875	54,345	54,535	95.2	95.0	95.4
English	3,265	1,695	1,570	2.9	3.0	2.7
French	105,615	52,655	52,965	92.3	92.0	92.6
Non-official languages	3,775	1,990	1,780	3.3	3.5	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,770	1,990	1,780	3.3	3.5	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	505	290	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	260	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	260	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,395	1,250	1,140	2.1	2.2	2.0
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,660	870	795	1.5	1.5	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,395	725	670	1.2	1.3	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	385	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,755	895	855	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and French	1,235	630	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,400	57,225	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,060	1,090	970	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	103,470	51,505	51,965	90.4	90.0	90.9
Non-official language	1,185	660	520	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,185	660	520	1.0	1.2	0.9
English and French	4,770	2,510	2,260	4.2	4.4	4.0
English and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,965	980	985	1.7	1.7	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	755	375	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,400	57,225	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,545	56,315	56,230	98.4	98.4	98.3
Official languages	110,425	55,170	55,255	96.5	96.4	96.6
English	2,890	1,510	1,380	2.5	2.6	2.4
French	107,530	53,655	53,880	94.0	93.8	94.2
Non-official languages	2,125	1,150	975	1.9	2.0	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,125	1,150	975	1.9	2.0	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	255	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	220	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,410	765	645	1.2	1.3	1.1
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,035	575	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	925	520	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,855	910	945	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	1,130	570	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	555	260	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,400	57,225	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	108,355	54,065	54,285	94.7	94.5	94.9
English	3,095	1,660	1,435	2.7	2.9	2.5
French	1,380	705	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	935	475	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	930	475	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	160	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,580	56,395	56,190	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	42,770	23,115	19,655	37.9	40.9	34.9
French	111,770	55,985	55,785	99.0	99.0	99.0
Non-official languages	7,260	3,675	3,590	6.4	6.5	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,255	3,675	3,580	6.4	6.5	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	725	435	290	0.6	0.8	0.5
Berber languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	690	410	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	680	395	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,390	2,580	2,805	4.8	4.6	5.0
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	365	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	455	250	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	370	210	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	350	205	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,310	2,015	2,295	3.8	3.6	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,775	1,765	2,015	3.3	3.1	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	495	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	265	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,060	970	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,865	885	980	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,335	630	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	515	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,875	55,605	55,270	98.2	98.3	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	290	105	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,650	56,470	56,175	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,135	...	...	62.6	...	...
Renter	19,235	...	...	37.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,930	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not condominium	47,440	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,875	...	...	11.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,490	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,800	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,930	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,890	...	...	32.9	...	...
5 rooms	9,345	...	...	18.2	...	...
6 rooms	6,305	...	...	12.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,960	...	...	11.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,865	...	...	25.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,090	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	50,285	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,090	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,050	...	...	19.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,100	...	...	27.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,095	...	...	15.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,365	...	...	10.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,310	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,890	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,070	...	...	6.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,500	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,800	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,570	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,945	...	...	54.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,445	...	...	43.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	980	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,340	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,325	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,445	...	...	16.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,910	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,485	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,735	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,890	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,245	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,880	...	...	86.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,755	...	...	13.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,360	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,920	...	...	19.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,335	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not suitable only	955	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,130	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,455	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	50,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,610	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not in core need	48,630	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	...	...	62.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,036	...	...	1,036	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	307,600	...	...	307,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,155	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	690	...	...	690	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	748	...	...	748	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,935	56,580	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,190	1,065	1,120	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,160	1,040	1,120	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,930	925	1,010	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis single ancestry	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,705	1,275	1,430	2.4	2.3	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,660	1,250	1,410	2.4	2.2	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,375	1,120	1,255	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,045	54,240	53,805	95.7	95.9	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,650	55,350	55,300	98.0	97.8	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,240	11,425	10,815	19.7	20.2	19.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,405	43,925	44,485	78.3	77.6	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,290	1,225	1,060	2.0	2.2	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	107,385	53,670	53,715	95.1	94.9	95.3
Immigrants⁸¹	4,825	2,460	2,365	4.3	4.3	4.2
Before 1980	870	445	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
1980 to 1990	345	190	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	520	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,355	675	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,735	890	845	1.5	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2015	780	345	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
2016 to 2021	955	545	410	0.8	1.0	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	725	445	280	0.6	0.8	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,820	2,460	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	620	290	335	12.9	11.8	14.2
5 to 14 years	845	445	405	17.5	18.1	17.1
15 to 24 years	860	460	400	17.8	18.7	16.9
25 to 44 years	2,115	1,090	1,025	43.9	44.3	43.3
45 years and over	375	170	200	7.8	6.9	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,820	2,460	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,395	665	735	28.9	27.0	31.1
Brazil	55	15	35	1.1	0.6	1.5
Colombia	585	275	315	12.1	11.2	13.3
El Salvador	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.8
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	65	45	2.2	2.6	1.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	85	30	55	1.8	1.2	2.3
Peru	30	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	225	110	110	4.7	4.5	4.7
Other places of birth in Americas	265	135	135	5.5	5.5	5.7
Europe	1,740	905	835	36.1	36.8	35.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	110	55	55	2.3	2.2	2.3
Croatia	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
France	825	455	375	17.1	18.5	15.9
Germany	70	40	30	1.5	1.6	1.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	35	30	1.2	1.4	1.3
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Poland	50	35	20	1.0	1.4	0.8
Portugal	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Romania	135	55	80	2.8	2.2	3.4
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	325	160	165	6.7	6.5	7.0
Africa	1,015	540	470	21.1	22.0	19.9
Algeria	140	80	60	2.9	3.3	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	255	130	130	5.3	5.3	5.5
Egypt	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	150	85	65	3.1	3.5	2.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	435	245	195	9.0	10.0	8.2
Asia	675	355	320	14.0	14.4	13.5
Afghanistan	150	80	70	3.1	3.3	3.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	40	15	1.1	1.6	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	120	70	50	2.5	2.8	2.1
Turkey	50	20	25	1.0	0.8	1.1
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.3
Viet Nam	55	35	20	1.1	1.4	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	15	20	0.8	0.6	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	50	55	2.2	2.0	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	955	545	410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	170	90	75	17.8	16.5	18.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	70	35	30	7.3	6.4	7.3
Haiti	35	10	20	3.7	1.8	4.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	35	25	5.8	6.4	6.1
Europe	165	100	65	17.3	18.3	15.9
France	135	75	65	14.1	13.8	15.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	0	2.6	3.7	0.0
Africa	425	240	180	44.5	44.0	43.9
Algeria	40	15	25	4.2	2.8	6.1
Burundi	25	15	10	2.6	2.8	2.4
Cameroon	35	20	15	3.7	3.7	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	75	55	13.1	13.8	13.4
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	20	20	4.2	3.7	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	15	10	3.1	2.8	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	110	70	35	11.5	12.8	8.5
Asia	195	115	85	20.4	21.1	20.7
Afghanistan	35	25	15	3.7	4.6	3.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.6	1.8	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.4
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	65	45	12.0	11.9	11.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,015	3,120	2,895	5.3	5.5	5.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,540	2,385	2,150	4.0	4.2	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	102,380	51,070	51,310	90.7	90.3	91.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,955	2,015	1,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,450	810	645	36.7	40.2	33.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	735	495	240	18.6	24.6	12.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	715	310	405	18.1	15.4	20.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	920	415	505	23.3	20.6	26.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,550	780	770	39.2	38.7	39.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,955	2,015	1,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	200	110	90	5.1	5.5	4.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	320	210	110	8.1	10.4	5.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	85	55	40	2.1	2.7	2.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,290	1,615	1,675	83.2	80.1	86.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,360	2,215	2,145	3.9	3.9	3.8
South Asian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	1,380	700	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Filipino	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	640	370	275	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	1,290	610	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Southeast Asian	245	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	305	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,575	54,360	54,215	96.1	96.1	96.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	45,870	22,920	22,950	40.6	40.5	40.7
English	1,895	875	1,025	1.7	1.5	1.8
Irish	5,165	2,500	2,670	4.6	4.4	4.7
Scottish	1,635	820	815	1.4	1.4	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,100	13,615	13,485	24.0	24.1	23.9
German	1,330	740	585	1.2	1.3	1.0
Chinese	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,310	675	640	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indian (India)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	135	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	285	165	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Polish	450	245	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	16,420	8,120	8,300	14.5	14.4	14.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	300	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Filipino	80	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,865	4,970	4,890	8.7	8.8	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,830	875	960	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,195	1,030	1,170	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis	515	260	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,505	775	730	1.3	1.4	1.3
Russian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	605	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	585	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	855	405	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	345	190	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	175	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,270	625	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
Danish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	535	235	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belgian	665	360	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	365	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	295	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	625	310	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	140	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	290	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,935	56,575	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	77,680	37,825	39,855	68.8	66.9	70.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,070	2,575	2,495	4.5	4.6	4.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	280	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baptist	445	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	69,205	33,725	35,480	61.3	59.6	63.0
Christian Orthodox	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	320	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	565	260	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,335	605	725	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,275	690	585	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	33,545	17,820	15,725	29.7	31.5	27.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,835	56,005	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,345	49,415	48,925	87.9	88.2	87.6
Movers	13,495	6,590	6,900	12.1	11.8	12.4
Non-migrants	7,105	3,360	3,750	6.4	6.0	6.7
Migrants	6,390	3,240	3,155	5.7	5.8	5.7
Internal migrants	6,095	3,050	3,050	5.4	5.4	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,950	2,945	3,010	5.3	5.3	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	295	190	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,160	53,645	53,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,455	32,705	31,750	60.1	61.0	59.3
Movers	42,700	20,945	21,755	39.8	39.0	40.7
Non-migrants	17,645	8,495	9,150	16.5	15.8	17.1
Migrants	25,055	12,450	12,605	23.4	23.2	23.6
Internal migrants	23,800	11,715	12,085	22.2	21.8	22.6
Intraprovincial migrants	23,415	11,500	11,915	21.9	21.4	22.3
Interprovincial migrants	385	220	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,255	725	525	1.2	1.4	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,650	46,565	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,865	13,985	10,885	26.6	30.0	23.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,780	32,580	36,200	73.4	70.0	76.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,700	29,660	29,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,800	7,325	4,485	20.1	24.7	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,895	22,335	24,560	79.9	75.3	84.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,645	46,570	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,935	11,835	10,100	23.4	25.4	21.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,955	11,265	12,685	25.6	24.2	26.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,760	23,465	24,295	51.0	50.4	51.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,535	18,100	17,435	37.9	38.9	37.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,350	10,780	6,565	18.5	23.1	13.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,510	6,900	5,610	13.4	14.8	11.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,835	3,880	955	5.2	8.3	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,420	6,235	9,185	16.5	13.4	19.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,765	1,080	1,680	3.0	2.3	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,225	5,365	6,860	13.1	11.5	14.6
Bachelor's degree	8,160	3,445	4,715	8.7	7.4	10.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,145	515	625	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	180	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,285	1,090	1,190	2.4	2.3	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	125	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,700	29,660	29,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,800	5,885	3,915	16.7	19.8	13.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,265	6,660	6,600	22.6	22.5	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,640	17,105	18,535	60.7	57.7	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,260	13,280	12,980	44.7	44.8	44.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,355	8,105	5,250	22.8	27.3	18.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,770	5,250	4,520	16.6	17.7	15.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,585	2,855	725	6.1	9.6	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,135	4,485	6,650	19.0	15.1	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,775	695	1,085	3.0	2.3	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,380	3,830	5,555	16.0	12.9	19.1
Bachelor's degree	6,285	2,555	3,725	10.7	8.6	12.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	885	360	525	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	100	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,735	725	1,015	3.0	2.4	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	90	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,645	46,565	47,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,885	23,100	22,785	49.0	49.6	48.4
Education	3,760	745	3,015	4.0	1.6	6.4
13. Education	3,760	745	3,015	4.0	1.6	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,340	630	705	1.4	1.4	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	145	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,155	485	670	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	2,200	860	1,335	2.3	1.8	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	60	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,290	465	830	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	295	105	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,455	930	2,525	3.7	2.0	5.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	125	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,155	75	1,075	1.2	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	540	195	350	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	580	145	435	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	640	345	300	0.7	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	10,315	3,360	6,955	11.0	7.2	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	135	445	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,725	3,220	6,500	10.4	6.9	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,110	530	575	1.2	1.1	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	140	300	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	225	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,180	755	425	1.3	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,010	700	305	1.1	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,565	11,635	930	13.4	25.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,330	1,165	160	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,600	2,235	370	2.8	4.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,825	2,760	65	3.0	5.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,795	2,710	80	3.0	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	2,815	2,650	160	3.0	5.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,675	930	745	1.8	2.0	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,480	835	650	1.6	1.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,015	1,075	4,940	6.4	2.3	10.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	200	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,565	820	4,745	5.9	1.8	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,140	2,020	2,120	4.4	4.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,475	625	1,850	2.6	1.3	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	725	555	165	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	925	820	110	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,700	29,655	29,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,060	12,550	10,510	39.3	42.3	36.2
Education	2,420	435	1,985	4.1	1.5	6.8
13. Education	2,420	435	1,985	4.1	1.5	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	975	450	525	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	100	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	850	350	495	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	1,415	585	830	2.4	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	40	115	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	830	340	485	1.4	1.1	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	60	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,565	550	2,015	4.4	1.9	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	95	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	950	20	930	1.6	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	380	105	275	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	440	85	360	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	440	225	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,820	2,355	5,465	13.3	7.9	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	75	360	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,370	2,275	5,095	12.6	7.7	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	305	420	1.2	1.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	120	245	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	930	620	310	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	595	230	1.4	2.0	0.8
25. Library science	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,550	8,750	800	16.3	29.5	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	140	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,130	975	155	1.9	3.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,980	1,655	320	3.4	5.6	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,065	2,015	50	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,030	1,960	70	3.5	6.6	0.2
48. Precision production	2,200	2,055	140	3.7	6.9	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,375	740	630	2.3	2.5	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,225	685	545	2.1	2.3	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Health and related fields	4,615	805	3,810	7.9	2.7	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	155	110	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,250	610	3,640	7.2	2.1	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	1,510	1,740	5.5	5.1	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,955	445	1,510	3.3	1.5	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	555	425	130	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	730	630	105	1.2	2.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,700	29,655	29,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,060	12,550	10,510	39.3	42.3	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,640	17,110	18,530	60.7	57.7	63.8
Location of study inside Canada	34,030	16,140	17,890	58.0	54.4	61.6
Same as province or territory of residence	33,605	15,910	17,695	57.2	53.7	60.9
Different than province or territory of residence	425	230	195	0.7	0.8	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,615	970	640	2.8	3.3	2.2
Americas	460	250	210	0.8	0.8	0.7
United States of America	125	90	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	740	450	290	1.3	1.5	1.0
Belgium	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	485	295	190	0.8	1.0	0.7
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	290	190	100	0.5	0.6	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	120	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,645	46,570	47,080	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,900	31,050	27,850	...	...	...
Employed	55,790	29,385	26,405	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,115	1,665	1,445	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,745	15,520	19,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.9	66.7	59.2	62.9	66.7	59.2
Employment rate	59.6	63.1	56.1	59.6	63.1	56.1
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,645	46,565	47,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,605	14,915	18,685	35.9	32.0	39.7
Worked	60,040	31,650	28,395	64.1	68.0	60.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,940	17,970	13,970	34.1	38.6	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,105	13,680	14,430	30.0	29.4	30.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.8	41.1	42.0	42.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,900	31,050	27,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	450	425	1.5	1.4	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,030	30,600	27,430	98.5	98.6	98.5
Employee	50,250	25,935	24,310	85.3	83.5	87.3
Permanent position	43,455	22,830	20,625	73.8	73.5	74.0
Temporary position	6,795	3,110	3,690	11.5	10.0	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,170	855	1,310	3.7	2.8	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,630	2,255	2,375	7.9	7.3	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,780	4,660	3,115	13.2	15.0	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,900	31,050	27,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	450	425	1.5	1.4	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,030	30,600	27,430	98.5	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	895	690	205	1.5	2.2	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,320	2,470	5,855	14.1	8.0	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,520	2,615	905	6.0	8.4	3.2
3 Health occupations	4,255	725	3,525	7.2	2.3	12.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,950	1,475	4,475	10.1	4.8	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,330	660	670	2.3	2.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	14,260	5,985	8,275	24.2	19.3	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,450	10,490	955	19.4	33.8	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,140	1,670	470	3.6	5.4	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,920	3,820	2,095	10.1	12.3	7.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,900	31,050	27,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	450	425	1.5	1.4	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	58,030	30,600	27,430	98.5	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,380	1,580	795	4.0	5.1	2.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	105	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	255	220	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	4,250	3,695	550	7.2	11.9	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	12,500	8,505	3,995	21.2	27.4	14.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,125	1,370	750	3.6	4.4	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,040	3,335	3,710	12.0	10.7	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,140	1,645	495	3.6	5.3	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	480	275	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,720	575	1,140	2.9	1.9	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	555	285	265	0.9	0.9	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,760	1,425	1,340	4.7	4.6	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,140	1,350	795	3.6	4.3	2.9
61 Educational services	3,380	825	2,555	5.7	2.7	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,270	1,135	6,140	12.3	3.7	22.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	575	495	1.8	1.9	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,165	1,210	1,955	5.4	3.9	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,665	1,380	1,285	4.5	4.4	4.6
91 Public administration	1,985	1,090	895	3.4	3.5	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,385	33,290	30,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	980	620	360	1.5	1.9	1.2
French	51,995	26,940	25,055	82.0	80.9	83.3
Non-official language	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	9,895	5,460	4,435	15.6	16.4	14.7
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	115	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,385	33,290	30,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,995	32,480	29,515	97.8	97.6	98.1
Official languages	61,865	32,390	29,475	97.6	97.3	98.0
English	1,905	1,120	785	3.0	3.4	2.6
French	59,955	31,270	28,690	94.6	93.9	95.3
Non-official languages	135	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,390	810	575	2.2	2.4	1.9
English and French	1,305	770	535	2.1	2.3	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,385	33,290	30,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,385	28,385	26,000	85.8	85.3	86.4
English	7,720	4,230	3,490	12.2	12.7	11.6
French	970	525	440	1.5	1.6	1.5
Non-official language	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,785	29,380	26,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,885	3,725	4,160	14.1	12.7	15.8
Worked outside Canada	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,795	4,425	1,375	10.4	15.1	5.2
Usual place of work	42,065	21,200	20,860	75.4	72.2	79.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,060	21,205	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,570	9,760	10,805	48.9	46.0	51.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,255	3,635	3,625	17.2	17.1	17.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,205	7,780	6,425	33.8	36.7	30.8
Commute to a different province or territory	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,860	25,625	22,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	44,080	23,565	20,515	92.1	92.0	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,760	22,610	19,145	87.3	88.2	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,320	955	1,370	4.8	3.7	6.2
Public transit	340	150	190	0.7	0.6	0.9
Walked	2,465	1,320	1,140	5.2	5.2	5.1
Bicycle	415	315	105	0.9	1.2	0.5
Other method	560	270	285	1.2	1.1	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,860	25,625	22,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,390	10,645	10,745	44.7	41.5	48.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,195	7,905	7,290	31.7	30.8	32.8
30 to 44 minutes	6,520	3,760	2,765	13.6	14.7	12.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,475	1,610	870	5.2	6.3	3.9
60 minutes and over	2,280	1,715	565	4.8	6.7	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,860	25,625	22,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,195	2,565	625	6.7	10.0	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,465	6,385	3,070	19.8	24.9	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,205	7,550	7,655	31.8	29.5	34.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,485	3,320	5,165	17.7	13.0	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,925	1,540	2,385	8.2	6.0	10.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,590	4,260	3,330	15.9	16.6	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,300	11,975	11,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,830	1,460	1,370	12.1	12.2	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,465	10,515	9,950	87.8	87.8	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,130	8,770	8,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,160	1,130	1,030	12.6	12.9	12.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,505	765	740	8.8	8.7	8.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	660	365	290	3.9	4.2	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,975	7,635	7,335	87.4	87.1	87.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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