Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Shawinigan, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	49,620	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	49,349	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.5	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	27,444	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	25,060	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	68.0	...	...	68.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	729.98	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	49,620	24,165	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,290	3,195	3,095	12.7	13.2	12.2
0 to 4 years	1,990	1,030	960	4.0	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	2,215	1,110	1,100	4.5	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	2,085	1,055	1,030	4.2	4.4	4.0
15 to 64 years	27,980	14,055	13,925	56.4	58.2	54.7
15 to 19 years	1,880	975	905	3.8	4.0	3.6
20 to 24 years	1,945	1,005	940	3.9	4.2	3.7
25 to 29 years	2,280	1,195	1,090	4.6	4.9	4.3
30 to 34 years	2,415	1,225	1,195	4.9	5.1	4.7
35 to 39 years	2,555	1,270	1,280	5.1	5.3	5.0
40 to 44 years	2,675	1,380	1,295	5.4	5.7	5.1
45 to 49 years	2,380	1,195	1,180	4.8	4.9	4.6
50 to 54 years	2,675	1,340	1,340	5.4	5.5	5.3
55 to 59 years	4,045	1,990	2,055	8.2	8.2	8.1
60 to 64 years	5,125	2,485	2,640	10.3	10.3	10.4
65 years and over	15,350	6,915	8,435	30.9	28.6	33.1
65 to 69 years	4,700	2,340	2,365	9.5	9.7	9.3
70 to 74 years	3,815	1,815	2,000	7.7	7.5	7.9
75 to 79 years	2,790	1,315	1,475	5.6	5.4	5.8
80 to 84 years	1,860	785	1,075	3.7	3.2	4.2
85 years and over	2,180	660	1,525	4.4	2.7	6.0
85 to 89 years	1,260	435	830	2.5	1.8	3.3
90 to 94 years	705	180	520	1.4	0.7	2.0
95 to 99 years	195	35	155	0.4	0.1	0.6
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.7	13.2	12.2	12.7	13.2	12.2
15 to 64 years	56.4	58.2	54.7	56.4	58.2	54.7
65 years and over	30.9	28.6	33.1	30.9	28.6	33.1
85 years and over	4.4	2.7	6.0	4.4	2.7	6.0
Average age of the population	49.2	47.8	50.5	49.2	47.8	50.5
Median age of the population	54.4	52.4	56.4	54.4	52.4	56.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,495	...	...	49.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	705	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	225	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,415	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,820	...	...	35.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	300	...	...	1.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,055	...	...	44.1	...	...
2 persons	9,220	...	...	36.8	...	...
3 persons	2,315	...	...	9.2	...	...
4 persons	1,605	...	...	6.4	...	...
5 or more persons	865	...	...	3.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	47,645	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	43,330	20,970	22,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	22,615	11,280	11,340	52.2	53.8	50.7
Married	11,935	5,935	6,000	27.5	28.3	26.8
Living common-law	10,685	5,345	5,340	24.7	25.5	23.9
Living common law - Never married	8,145	4,075	4,070	18.8	19.4	18.2
Living common law - Separated	120	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,120	1,070	1,050	4.9	5.1	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	300	135	170	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	20,710	9,690	11,020	47.8	46.2	49.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,785	6,990	5,790	29.5	33.3	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	555	260	300	1.3	1.2	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,985	1,645	2,340	9.2	7.8	10.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,390	800	2,590	7.8	3.8	11.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,905	...	...	66.8	...	...
3 persons	2,165	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	1,555	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	705	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,065	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	5,720	...	...	42.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,305	...	...	9.8	...	...
Without children	4,420	...	...	33.2	...	...
Common-law couples	5,345	...	...	40.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,315	...	...	17.4	...	...
Without children	3,030	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,260	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,645	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	620	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	34,335	17,020	17,315	72.1	72.2	71.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,130	11,055	11,075	46.5	46.9	46.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,265	620	1,640	4.8	2.6	6.8
Children⁶	9,935	5,340	4,600	20.9	22.7	19.1
In a two-parent family	6,620	3,490	3,130	13.9	14.8	13.0
In a one-parent family	3,320	1,850	1,465	7.0	7.9	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,310	6,545	6,765	27.9	27.8	28.1
Living alone	11,055	5,335	5,720	23.2	22.6	23.8
Living with other relatives⁷	880	400	480	1.8	1.7	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	1,370	810	560	2.9	3.4	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,715	...	...	50.7	...	...
Couple-family households	10,670	...	...	42.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,450	...	...	13.8	...	...
Without children	7,225	...	...	28.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,050	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	165	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	345	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	755	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	11,055	...	...	44.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	41,355	20,365	20,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,715	20,080	20,635	98.5	98.6	98.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,800	35,200	40,400	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,725	20,085	20,635	98.5	98.6	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	28,200	31,800	36,000	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,920	17,355	16,565	82.0	85.2	78.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,800	23,200	28,400	32,800	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,215	13,000	11,225	58.6	63.8	53.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	32,400	28,000	30,000	32,400	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,255	17,495	18,760	87.7	85.9	89.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,700	13,600	13,800	13,700	13,600	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,660	3,180	2,485	13.7	15.6	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,920	5,080	5,480	5,920	5,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,160	5,480	4,680	24.6	26.9	22.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	7,500	7,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,725	20,075	20,660	98.5	98.6	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,280	46,080	36,640	41,280	46,080	36,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,730	20,075	20,660	98.5	98.6	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,480	38,920	32,160	35,480	38,920	32,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,160	17,475	16,685	82.6	85.8	79.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,880	39,960	29,560	34,880	39,960	29,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,215	13,035	11,185	58.6	64.0	53.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,680	39,360	33,560	36,680	39,360	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,320	17,475	18,840	87.8	85.8	89.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,520	13,000	14,000	13,520	13,000	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,805	3,330	2,480	14.0	16.4	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,680	6,770	6,550	6,680	6,770	6,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,075	5,470	4,610	24.4	26.9	22.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,980	7,570	8,470	7,980	7,570	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,445	5,655	4,785	25.3	27.8	22.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	53,200	45,200	48,800	53,200	45,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,450	59,750	50,400	55,450	59,750	50,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,435	5,275	5,155	25.2	25.9	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,600	16,400	18,600	21,600	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,840	28,760	22,800	25,840	28,760	22,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.8	75.4	65.2	70.8	75.4	65.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.8	55.5	49.6	52.8	55.5	49.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.2	24.5	34.8	29.2	24.5	34.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.3	6.5	5.8	5.3	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.5	5.2	4.8	4.5	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	635	285	350	1.5	1.4	1.7
With total income	40,715	20,080	20,635	98.5	98.6	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,515	965	1,545	6.2	4.8	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	6,105	2,415	3,690	15.0	12.0	17.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,415	3,595	4,815	20.7	17.9	23.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,175	2,920	3,255	15.2	14.5	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,775	3,090	2,685	14.2	15.4	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,175	2,420	1,755	10.3	12.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,535	1,465	1,075	6.2	7.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,635	1,055	575	4.0	5.3	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	620	460	2.7	3.1	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	765	445	315	1.9	2.2	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,545	1,080	460	3.8	5.4	2.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,160	825	335	2.8	4.1	1.6
$150,000 and over	385	255	125	0.9	1.3	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	630	280	350	1.5	1.4	1.7
With after-tax income	40,720	20,085	20,640	98.5	98.6	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,745	1,000	1,745	6.7	5.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	6,340	2,540	3,800	15.6	12.6	18.4
$20,000 to $29,999	9,815	4,285	5,525	24.1	21.3	26.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,665	3,850	3,815	18.8	19.2	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,175	3,585	2,590	15.2	17.8	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,515	2,080	1,435	8.6	10.4	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,955	1,140	815	4.8	5.7	3.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,080	630	450	2.7	3.1	2.2
$80,000 to $89,999	595	405	195	1.5	2.0	0.9
$90,000 to $99,999	280	195	90	0.7	1.0	0.4
$100,000 and over	550	375	175	1.4	1.9	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	300	210	85	0.7	1.0	0.4
$125,000 and over	255	165	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,135	7,370	9,760	41.4	36.2	46.5
With employment income	24,220	12,995	11,220	58.6	63.8	53.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,585	2,145	1,445	14.8	16.5	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	2,015	930	1,080	8.3	7.2	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,380	1,550	1,830	14.0	11.9	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	3,135	1,510	1,625	12.9	11.6	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,955	1,550	1,410	12.2	11.9	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,615	1,335	1,275	10.8	10.3	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,970	1,130	845	8.1	8.7	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,375	825	550	5.7	6.3	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	895	570	330	3.7	4.4	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	785	405	380	3.2	3.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	445	295	155	1.8	2.3	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,055	755	300	4.4	5.8	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	605	450	155	2.5	3.5	1.4
$125,000 and over	450	310	140	1.9	2.4	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	41,355	20,365	20,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,305	19,875	20,430	97.5	97.6	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,400	27,000	32,400	38,400	27,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,330	19,875	20,455	97.5	97.6	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	34,000	25,200	29,200	34,000	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,460	17,150	16,310	80.9	84.2	77.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	34,000	24,200	29,200	34,000	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,685	13,190	11,495	59.7	64.8	54.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,200	27,400	30,200	33,200	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,990	16,215	17,775	82.2	79.6	84.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,000	11,100	10,600	10,000	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,350	3,050	2,300	12.9	15.0	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	5,160	4,160	4,720	5,160	4,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,320	19,875	20,450	97.5	97.6	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,760	44,240	33,440	38,760	44,240	33,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,340	19,875	20,465	97.6	97.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,280	33,200	37,200	29,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,560	17,230	16,330	81.2	84.6	77.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,560	41,320	29,480	35,560	41,320	29,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,645	13,220	11,420	59.6	64.9	54.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,440	40,080	32,280	36,440	40,080	32,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,145	16,320	17,820	82.6	80.1	84.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,850	10,280	11,380	10,850	10,280	11,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,460	3,160	2,300	13.2	15.5	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,210	6,115	6,340	6,210	6,115	6,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,435	5,660	4,770	25.2	27.8	22.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,800	50,400	40,800	44,800	50,400	40,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,350	56,550	45,160	51,350	56,550	45,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,840	4,965	4,875	23.8	24.4	23.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,000	20,400	23,600	27,000	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	34,200	25,720	30,000	34,200	25,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.2	81.0	70.4	76.2	81.0	70.4
Employment income (%)	57.4	60.2	53.9	57.4	60.2	53.9
Government transfers (%)	23.7	19.1	29.7	23.7	19.1	29.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	25,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...	30,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,600	...	...	28,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	25,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,700	...	...	57,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,440	...	...	37,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,640	...	...	32,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	630	...	...	2.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	970	...	...	3.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,660	...	...	10.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,235	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,315	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,610	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,425	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,345	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,470	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,595	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,500	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,195	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,825	...	...	19.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,100	...	...	8.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,100	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,050	...	...	4.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	565	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	2.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,020	...	...	4.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,790	...	...	11.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,560	...	...	6.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,650	...	...	6.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,885	...	...	7.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,615	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,480	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,600	...	...	10.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,085	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,790	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,415	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	...	...	4.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,080	...	...	12.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,595	...	...	6.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	785	...	...	3.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	700	...	...	2.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,430	6,145	6,280	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	33,200	27,600	30,000	33,200	27,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	30,000	26,600	28,000	30,000	26,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,700	...	...	63,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,250	...	...	57,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,490	6,185	6,305	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,720	38,960	34,520	36,720	38,960	34,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,080	33,160	31,000	32,080	33,160	31,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,425	3,770	3,655	15.6	16.0	15.2
0 to 5 years	2,410	1,225	1,185	5.1	5.2	4.9
18 to 64 years	26,675	13,385	13,290	56.0	56.8	55.2
65 years and over	13,545	6,410	7,135	28.4	27.2	29.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,925	4,065	4,860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,080	550	530	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	410	230	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,110	2,075	2,040	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,735	1,440	2,290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.7	17.3	20.2	18.7	17.3	20.2
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.6	14.5	14.5	14.6	14.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	18.8	15.4	17.2	18.8	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	15.4	15.5	15.3	15.4	15.5	15.3
65 years and over (%)	27.6	22.5	32.1	27.6	22.5	32.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,420	3,765	3,650	15.6	16.0	15.2
0 to 5 years	2,415	1,225	1,190	5.1	5.2	4.9
18 to 64 years	26,675	13,385	13,290	56.0	56.8	55.2
65 years and over	13,545	6,410	7,140	28.4	27.2	29.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,685	1,440	1,250	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	285	145	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	110	55	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,160	1,190	970	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	110	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	6.1	5.2	5.6	6.1	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	8.9	7.3	8.1	8.9	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	33,015	16,060	16,955	69.3	68.2	70.4
In bottom decile	7,400	3,425	3,975	15.5	14.5	16.5
In second decile	7,160	3,375	3,780	15.0	14.3	15.7
In third decile	6,740	3,300	3,435	14.1	14.0	14.3
In fourth decile	6,305	3,180	3,130	13.2	13.5	13.0
In fifth decile	5,415	2,780	2,635	11.4	11.8	10.9
In top half of the distribution	14,625	7,500	7,130	30.7	31.8	29.6
In sixth decile	4,700	2,375	2,330	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	3,645	1,855	1,790	7.7	7.9	7.4
In eighth decile	3,030	1,580	1,450	6.4	6.7	6.0
In ninth decile	2,030	1,050	980	4.3	4.5	4.1
In top decile	1,220	640	580	2.6	2.7	2.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,640	...	...	47,640	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.478	...	...	0.478	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.261	...	...	0.261	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	48,640	23,835	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	36,360	16,985	19,370	74.8	71.3	78.1
English and French	12,095	6,725	5,365	24.9	28.2	21.6
Neither English nor French	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	48,640	23,835	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	625	305	315	1.3	1.3	1.3
French	47,720	23,355	24,365	98.1	98.0	98.2
English and French	220	115	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	80	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	48,640	23,835	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,165	23,585	24,575	99.0	99.0	99.1
Official languages	47,495	23,230	24,260	97.6	97.5	97.8
English	570	275	295	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	46,925	22,955	23,965	96.5	96.3	96.6
Non-official languages	670	360	315	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	640	345	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	90	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	340	185	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	140	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	110	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	475	245	225	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	360	200	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	48,640	23,835	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	255	125	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	46,225	22,535	23,685	95.0	94.5	95.5
Non-official language	185	120	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	120	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	1,395	760	640	2.9	3.2	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	315	160	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	48,640	23,835	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,175	23,605	24,570	99.0	99.0	99.1
Official languages	47,865	23,425	24,440	98.4	98.3	98.5
English	455	225	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	47,410	23,195	24,215	97.5	97.3	97.6
Non-official languages	310	185	125	0.6	0.8	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	185	115	0.6	0.8	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	165	110	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	460	230	235	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	315	160	160	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	48,640	23,835	24,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,075	22,985	24,095	96.8	96.4	97.2
English	955	540	420	2.0	2.3	1.7
French	255	135	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	170	90	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	85	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,645	23,560	24,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	47,555	23,495	24,060	99.8	99.7	99.9
English	12,070	6,835	5,235	25.3	29.0	21.7
French	47,460	23,440	24,015	99.6	99.5	99.8
Non-official languages	1,655	840	810	3.5	3.6	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,635	840	795	3.4	3.6	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	100	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	95	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	95	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,195	585	615	2.5	2.5	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,080	525	555	2.3	2.2	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Portuguese	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	945	480	470	2.0	2.0	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	825	420	405	1.7	1.8	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	740	375	360	1.6	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	335	135	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	405	240	160	0.9	1.0	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	46,820	23,140	23,675	98.3	98.2	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	220	105	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,420	23,460	23,960	99.5	99.6	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	14,140	...	...	56.4	...	...
Renter	10,915	...	...	43.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,250	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not condominium	23,810	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,145	...	...	12.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,865	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,835	...	...	35.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,160	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,090	...	...	32.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,000	...	...	23.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,040	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,540	...	...	10.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,395	...	...	21.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,985	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	24,750	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	305	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,480	...	...	41.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,610	...	...	30.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,730	...	...	10.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,775	...	...	7.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	480	...	...	1.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	535	...	...	2.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	775	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	680	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,585	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,470	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,520	...	...	65.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,335	...	...	33.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	205	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	720	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,610	...	...	10.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,190	...	...	12.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,220	...	...	12.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,810	...	...	23.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,560	...	...	22.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,860	...	...	11.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,090	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,520	...	...	86.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,495	...	...	14.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,270	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	25,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,010	...	...	20.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,250	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	270	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,230	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	220	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,045	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	695	...	...	2.8	...	...
Not in core need	24,095	...	...	97.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	...	...	56.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.3	...	...	0.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	790	...	...	790	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	882	...	...	882	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,800	...	...	180,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	532	...	...	532	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	583	...	...	583	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,640	23,565	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	795	415	385	1.7	1.8	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	795	415	385	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	715	350	370	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis single ancestry	75	60	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,015	465	550	2.1	2.0	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,015	465	545	2.1	2.0	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	925	420	505	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	45,830	22,685	23,150	96.2	96.3	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	46,935	23,150	23,785	98.5	98.3	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,335	3,720	3,615	15.4	15.8	15.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	39,600	19,435	20,170	83.1	82.5	83.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	705	410	295	1.5	1.7	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	46,310	22,840	23,470	97.2	96.9	97.5
Immigrants⁸¹	1,015	505	505	2.1	2.1	2.1
Before 1980	115	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	270	120	145	0.6	0.5	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	445	235	210	0.9	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2015	190	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	255	140	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	210	110	0.7	0.9	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,010	510	505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	150	55	95	14.9	10.8	18.8
5 to 14 years	155	85	70	15.3	16.7	13.9
15 to 24 years	120	50	70	11.9	9.8	13.9
25 to 44 years	500	295	205	49.5	57.8	40.6
45 years and over	90	25	60	8.9	4.9	11.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,010	510	505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	120	145	26.7	23.5	28.7
Brazil	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	3.0
Colombia	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	25	20	4.5	4.9	4.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	1.5	2.0	2.0
Peru	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	10	25	3.5	2.0	5.0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	55	10.9	11.8	10.9
Europe	360	180	180	35.6	35.3	35.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	230	120	110	22.8	23.5	21.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	15	10	10	1.5	2.0	2.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	1.5	2.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	1.5	2.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	15	30	4.5	2.9	5.9
Africa	255	140	115	25.2	27.5	22.8
Algeria	30	20	10	3.0	3.9	2.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	3.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	60	35	25	5.9	6.9	5.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	145	80	60	14.4	15.7	11.9
Asia	130	65	65	12.9	12.7	12.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	1.5	2.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	2.5	2.0	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	2.5	2.0	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	255	140	115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	45	15	21.6	32.1	13.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	20	0	7.8	14.3	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	10	11.8	14.3	8.7
Europe	70	30	45	27.5	21.4	39.1
France	55	20	35	21.6	14.3	30.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	3.9	0.0	8.7
Africa	100	50	50	39.2	35.7	43.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	13.7	10.7	17.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	20	10	9.8	14.3	8.7
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	7.8	0.0	13.0
Asia	25	20	10	9.8	14.3	8.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,640	23,560	24,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,495	805	690	3.1	3.4	2.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,035	540	505	2.2	2.3	2.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,110	22,220	22,890	94.7	94.3	95.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	900	445	450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	480	270	215	53.3	60.7	47.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	230	155	80	25.6	34.8	17.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	250	110	140	27.8	24.7	31.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	355	145	210	39.4	32.6	46.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	30	25	6.1	6.7	5.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	900	445	450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	15	2.8	2.2	3.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	110	80	30	12.2	18.0	6.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	30	0	3.3	6.7	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	25	45	7.8	5.6	10.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15	1.7	0.0	3.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	640	305	335	71.1	68.5	74.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,045	550	495	2.2	2.3	2.1
South Asian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	395	230	165	0.8	1.0	0.7
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	130	80	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	255	135	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Southeast Asian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	46,595	23,010	23,585	97.8	97.7	97.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,645	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,685	10,620	11,060	45.5	45.1	45.9
English	490	230	265	1.0	1.0	1.1
Irish	1,275	620	660	2.7	2.6	2.7
Scottish	435	200	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,510	4,855	4,660	20.0	20.6	19.4
German	350	175	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	460	255	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indian (India)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	65	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Québécois	7,205	3,475	3,735	15.1	14.7	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	4,540	2,160	2,380	9.5	9.2	9.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,310	715	595	2.7	3.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	835	395	435	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis	165	110	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	530	280	255	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American	225	100	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	145	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	385	200	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	475	240	225	1.0	1.0	0.9
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	100	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	115	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	150	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	130	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	105	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norman	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	150	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,640	23,560	24,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	35,630	17,105	18,525	74.8	72.6	76.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,455	705	750	3.1	3.0	3.1
Anabaptist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	33,235	16,005	17,230	69.8	67.9	71.6
Christian Orthodox	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	175	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	315	120	195	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hindu	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	235	145	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	11,585	6,220	5,365	24.3	26.4	22.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	47,270	23,370	23,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,735	20,665	21,070	88.3	88.4	88.2
Movers	5,540	2,710	2,835	11.7	11.6	11.9
Non-migrants	3,305	1,560	1,740	7.0	6.7	7.3
Migrants	2,240	1,145	1,090	4.7	4.9	4.6
Internal migrants	2,155	1,080	1,070	4.6	4.6	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,080	1,040	1,045	4.4	4.5	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
External migrants	85	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,655	22,515	23,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	28,760	14,115	14,645	63.0	62.7	63.3
Movers	16,895	8,400	8,495	37.0	37.3	36.7
Non-migrants	9,115	4,440	4,680	20.0	19.7	20.2
Migrants	7,780	3,965	3,810	17.0	17.6	16.5
Internal migrants	7,360	3,715	3,640	16.1	16.5	15.7
Intraprovincial migrants	7,130	3,580	3,545	15.6	15.9	15.3
Interprovincial migrants	235	135	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
External migrants	420	245	175	0.9	1.1	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,350	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,500	5,260	5,240	25.4	25.8	25.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,850	15,105	15,740	74.6	74.2	75.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,985	11,835	12,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,675	2,570	2,110	19.5	21.7	17.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,310	9,270	10,040	80.5	78.3	82.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,355	20,370	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,315	4,480	4,830	22.5	22.0	23.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,900	4,625	5,280	23.9	22.7	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,135	11,260	10,875	53.5	55.3	51.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,300	9,090	8,210	41.8	44.6	39.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,040	5,690	3,350	21.9	27.9	16.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,935	3,940	2,995	16.8	19.3	14.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,105	1,745	355	5.1	8.6	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,100	2,950	4,150	17.2	14.5	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	455	710	2.8	2.2	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,830	2,170	2,665	11.7	10.7	12.7
Bachelor's degree	3,385	1,480	1,900	8.2	7.3	9.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	405	200	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	105	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	715	330	385	1.7	1.6	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,985	11,840	12,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,855	2,045	1,805	16.1	17.3	14.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,780	2,295	2,480	19.9	19.4	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,350	7,490	7,860	64.0	63.3	64.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,805	6,070	5,740	49.2	51.3	47.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,410	3,920	2,490	26.7	33.1	20.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,960	2,705	2,250	20.7	22.8	18.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,450	1,210	245	6.0	10.2	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,700	1,870	2,830	19.6	15.8	23.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	700	275	420	2.9	2.3	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,545	1,425	2,115	14.8	12.0	17.4
Bachelor's degree	2,485	995	1,485	10.4	8.4	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	130	150	1.2	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	50	120	0.7	0.4	1.0
Master's degree	525	220	310	2.2	1.9	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,355	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,220	9,105	10,115	46.5	44.7	48.2
Education	1,825	505	1,320	4.4	2.5	6.3
13. Education	1,825	505	1,320	4.4	2.5	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	215	245	1.1	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	390	170	225	0.9	0.8	1.1
Humanities	800	350	445	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	55	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	210	245	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	50	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	25	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,435	320	1,105	3.5	1.6	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455	20	435	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	150	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	400	80	320	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Business, management and public administration	4,660	1,415	3,245	11.3	6.9	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	270	65	200	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,395	1,350	3,040	10.6	6.6	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	495	275	220	1.2	1.4	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	105	70	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	540	390	150	1.3	1.9	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	355	65	1.0	1.7	0.3
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,860	5,555	305	14.2	27.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	415	345	70	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,250	1,135	110	3.0	5.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,250	1,230	15	3.0	6.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,750	1,735	20	4.2	8.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,150	1,090	55	2.8	5.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	690	470	220	1.7	2.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	150	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	320	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
Health and related fields	3,340	630	2,705	8.1	3.1	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,130	540	2,590	7.6	2.7	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,020	1,125	885	4.9	5.5	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,050	275	780	2.5	1.4	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	285	230	55	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	685	625	60	1.7	3.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,985	11,835	12,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,635	4,345	4,290	36.0	36.7	35.3
Education	995	240	755	4.1	2.0	6.2
13. Education	995	240	755	4.1	2.0	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	160	165	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	275	125	150	1.1	1.1	1.2
Humanities	460	195	265	1.9	1.6	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	115	130	1.0	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,075	220	855	4.5	1.9	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	30	85	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	350	15	340	1.5	0.1	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	125	50	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	315	65	250	1.3	0.5	2.1
45. Social sciences	110	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Business, management and public administration	3,410	965	2,440	14.2	8.2	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	35	170	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,205	930	2,270	13.4	7.9	18.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	150	155	1.2	1.3	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	55	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	440	325	115	1.8	2.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	375	315	65	1.6	2.7	0.5
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,920	3,660	260	16.3	30.9	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	320	260	65	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	765	675	90	3.2	5.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	875	855	15	3.6	7.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,165	1,150	20	4.9	9.7	0.2
48. Precision production	755	700	55	3.1	5.9	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	335	170	2.1	2.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	110	145	1.1	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	225	25	1.0	1.9	0.2
Health and related fields	2,340	415	1,925	9.8	3.5	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,180	365	1,815	9.1	3.1	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	15	80	0.4	0.1	0.7
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,570	830	740	6.5	7.0	6.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	850	210	640	3.5	1.8	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	150	50	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	470	50	2.2	4.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,985	11,835	12,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,635	4,345	4,290	36.0	36.7	35.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,350	7,495	7,855	64.0	63.3	64.7
Location of study inside Canada	14,890	7,225	7,660	62.1	61.0	63.1
Same as province or territory of residence	14,705	7,130	7,580	61.3	60.2	62.4
Different than province or territory of residence	180	100	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	460	260	200	1.9	2.2	1.6
Americas	120	75	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
United States of America	30	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	225	130	95	0.9	1.1	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	175	110	60	0.7	0.9	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	85	50	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Tunisia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	41,355	20,370	20,985	...	...	...
In the labour force	21,555	11,220	10,335	...	...	...
Employed	19,930	10,295	9,640	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,625	930	695	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	19,795	9,145	10,650	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.1	55.1	49.2	52.1	55.1	49.2
Employment rate	48.2	50.5	45.9	48.2	50.5	45.9
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.3	6.7	7.5	8.3	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	41,355	20,365	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	19,665	9,035	10,635	47.6	44.4	50.7
Worked	21,685	11,330	10,355	52.4	55.6	49.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,785	5,815	4,965	26.1	28.6	23.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,900	5,515	5,385	26.4	27.1	25.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.3	41.0	41.2	41.3	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,560	11,220	10,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	550	280	270	2.6	2.5	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,005	10,935	10,070	97.4	97.5	97.4
Employee	18,855	9,865	8,990	87.5	87.9	87.0
Permanent position	15,665	8,175	7,490	72.7	72.9	72.5
Temporary position	3,190	1,690	1,500	14.8	15.1	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	940	430	505	4.4	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,250	1,260	995	10.4	11.2	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,150	1,075	1,075	10.0	9.6	10.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,560	11,220	10,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	550	280	270	2.6	2.5	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,005	10,935	10,070	97.4	97.5	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	135	50	0.9	1.2	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,845	835	2,010	13.2	7.4	19.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,200	955	240	5.6	8.5	2.3
3 Health occupations	2,195	400	1,795	10.2	3.6	17.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,280	600	1,680	10.6	5.3	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	290	130	160	1.3	1.2	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	6,125	2,780	3,350	28.4	24.8	32.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,890	3,605	285	18.0	32.1	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	390	325	65	1.8	2.9	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,610	1,175	430	7.5	10.5	4.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,560	11,220	10,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	550	280	270	2.6	2.5	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	21,005	10,935	10,070	97.4	97.5	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	225	95	1.5	2.0	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	85	10	0.4	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	210	180	35	1.0	1.6	0.3
23 Construction	1,455	1,315	140	6.7	11.7	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,750	2,055	685	12.8	18.3	6.6
41 Wholesale trade	310	235	75	1.4	2.1	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	3,110	1,510	1,600	14.4	13.5	15.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	835	645	190	3.9	5.7	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	185	135	50	0.9	1.2	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	365	130	230	1.7	1.2	2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	200	125	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	950	550	395	4.4	4.9	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	810	515	290	3.8	4.6	2.8
61 Educational services	1,255	355	905	5.8	3.2	8.8
62 Health care and social assistance	3,815	790	3,030	17.7	7.0	29.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	320	185	135	1.5	1.6	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	1,460	645	815	6.8	5.7	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,065	530	535	4.9	4.7	5.2
91 Public administration	1,495	700	790	6.9	6.2	7.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	23,055	12,045	11,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	225	145	75	1.0	1.2	0.7
French	20,730	10,600	10,135	89.9	88.0	92.0
Non-official language	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and French	1,975	1,220	760	8.6	10.1	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	23,055	12,045	11,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,760	11,875	10,880	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	22,725	11,845	10,880	98.6	98.3	98.8
English	455	285	165	2.0	2.4	1.5
French	22,270	11,560	10,715	96.6	96.0	97.3
Non-official languages	40	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	30	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	30	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	300	165	130	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	290	165	130	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	23,055	12,045	11,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,275	10,940	10,335	92.3	90.8	93.8
English	1,475	930	550	6.4	7.7	5.0
French	225	135	90	1.0	1.1	0.8
Non-official language	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,930	10,290	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,765	1,225	1,545	13.9	11.9	16.0
Worked outside Canada	65	45	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,980	1,560	420	9.9	15.2	4.4
Usual place of work	15,120	7,460	7,660	75.9	72.5	79.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,120	7,460	7,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,420	4,420	5,995	68.9	59.2	78.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,680	3,030	1,655	31.0	40.6	21.6
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,100	9,020	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,490	8,265	7,230	90.6	91.6	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,790	7,910	6,880	86.5	87.7	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	705	355	350	4.1	3.9	4.3
Public transit	240	105	130	1.4	1.2	1.6
Walked	1,020	445	575	6.0	4.9	7.1
Bicycle	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	280	160	115	1.6	1.8	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,100	9,020	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,735	3,530	4,205	45.2	39.1	52.0
15 to 29 minutes	5,290	2,675	2,615	30.9	29.7	32.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,635	1,700	935	15.4	18.8	11.6
45 to 59 minutes	765	565	205	4.5	6.3	2.5
60 minutes and over	680	555	125	4.0	6.2	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,100	9,020	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	870	700	165	5.1	7.8	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,225	2,045	1,175	18.9	22.7	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,740	2,935	2,810	33.6	32.5	34.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,050	1,260	1,790	17.8	14.0	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,530	615	910	8.9	6.8	11.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,685	1,455	1,230	15.7	16.1	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,550	3,840	3,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	655	335	320	8.7	8.7	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,895	3,510	3,385	91.3	91.4	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,410	2,735	2,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	470	240	230	8.7	8.8	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	360	190	175	6.7	6.9	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110	50	55	2.0	1.8	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,940	2,500	2,440	91.3	91.4	91.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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