Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Salaberry-de-ValleyfieldMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	41,655	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	39,655^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,450	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	19,596	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,227.6	...	...	1,227.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	33.93	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	41,660	20,370	21,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,080	3,125	2,955	14.6	15.3	13.9
0 to 4 years	2,015	1,010	1,005	4.8	5.0	4.7
5 to 9 years	2,135	1,095	1,040	5.1	5.4	4.9
10 to 14 years	1,930	1,020	915	4.6	5.0	4.3
15 to 64 years	25,050	12,540	12,510	60.1	61.6	58.8
15 to 19 years	1,635	835	800	3.9	4.1	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,995	1,020	970	4.8	5.0	4.6
25 to 29 years	2,670	1,380	1,290	6.4	6.8	6.1
30 to 34 years	2,695	1,385	1,315	6.5	6.8	6.2
35 to 39 years	2,330	1,170	1,160	5.6	5.7	5.4
40 to 44 years	2,405	1,230	1,175	5.8	6.0	5.5
45 to 49 years	2,110	1,065	1,050	5.1	5.2	4.9
50 to 54 years	2,450	1,190	1,260	5.9	5.8	5.9
55 to 59 years	3,200	1,560	1,640	7.7	7.7	7.7
60 to 64 years	3,560	1,710	1,855	8.5	8.4	8.7
65 years and over	10,530	4,710	5,820	25.3	23.1	27.3
65 to 69 years	3,235	1,580	1,650	7.8	7.8	7.8
70 to 74 years	2,720	1,255	1,465	6.5	6.2	6.9
75 to 79 years	2,110	945	1,160	5.1	4.6	5.4
80 to 84 years	1,210	510	700	2.9	2.5	3.3
85 years and over	1,250	415	835	3.0	2.0	3.9
85 to 89 years	740	275	465	1.8	1.4	2.2
90 to 94 years	405	125	275	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	100	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.4
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.3	13.9	14.6	15.3	13.9
15 to 64 years	60.1	61.6	58.8	60.1	61.6	58.8
65 years and over	25.3	23.1	27.3	25.3	23.1	27.3
85 years and over	3.0	2.0	3.9	3.0	2.0	3.9
Average age of the population	45.5	44.2	46.8	45.5	44.2	46.8
Median age of the population	47.6	45.2	49.6	47.6	45.2	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	19,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,760	...	...	44.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,220	...	...	6.2	...	...
Row house	390	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,675	...	...	13.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,490	...	...	33.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,610	...	...	38.8	...	...
2 persons	7,215	...	...	36.8	...	...
3 persons	2,280	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	1,650	...	...	8.4	...	...
5 or more persons	840	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	40,090	19,760	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,580	17,245	18,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	18,840	9,435	9,405	53.0	54.7	51.3
Married	9,495	4,765	4,730	26.7	27.6	25.8
Living common-law	9,350	4,675	4,675	26.3	27.1	25.5
Living common law - Never married	7,355	3,680	3,675	20.7	21.3	20.0
Living common law - Separated	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,635	820	815	4.6	4.8	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	240	115	125	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	16,735	7,810	8,925	47.0	45.3	48.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,630	5,705	4,920	29.9	33.1	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	515	245	265	1.4	1.4	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,145	1,250	1,900	8.8	7.2	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,450	605	1,840	6.9	3.5	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,060	...	...	61.9	...	...
3 persons	2,150	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	1,535	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	660	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,230	...	...	80.9	...	...
Married couples	4,560	...	...	40.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,375	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	3,190	...	...	28.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,670	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,190	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	2,480	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,180	...	...	19.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,615	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	565	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	40,090	19,760	20,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	30,220	14,935	15,285	75.4	75.6	75.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,455	9,225	9,230	46.0	46.7	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,175	565	1,615	5.4	2.9	7.9
Children⁶	9,590	5,145	4,445	23.9	26.0	21.9
In a two-parent family	6,365	3,350	3,020	15.9	17.0	14.9
In a one-parent family	3,220	1,790	1,430	8.0	9.1	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,870	4,830	5,045	24.6	24.4	24.8
Living alone	7,610	3,560	4,045	19.0	18.0	19.9
Living with other relatives⁷	820	380	440	2.0	1.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,440	880	560	3.6	4.5	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,560	...	...	53.9	...	...
Couple-family households	8,690	...	...	44.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,310	...	...	16.9	...	...
Without children	5,380	...	...	27.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,870	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	230	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	430	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	710	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	7,610	...	...	38.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	34,025	16,645	17,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,455	16,385	17,070	98.3	98.4	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,200	38,000	42,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,460	16,395	17,070	98.3	98.5	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,200	34,000	37,600	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,750	14,520	14,230	84.5	87.2	81.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	37,200	24,800	30,800	37,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,565	12,000	10,565	66.3	72.1	60.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	29,600	34,000	38,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,880	13,605	15,270	84.9	81.7	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,000	13,700	13,100	12,000	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,365	2,390	1,975	12.8	14.4	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,855	4,625	4,230	26.0	27.8	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	34,045	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,465	16,445	17,020	98.3	98.7	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	49,920	38,440	44,080	49,920	38,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,465	16,450	17,020	98.3	98.7	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,440	41,480	33,520	37,440	41,480	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,760	14,610	14,145	84.5	87.7	81.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,960	44,640	31,080	37,960	44,640	31,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,575	12,070	10,505	66.3	72.4	60.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	43,960	34,480	39,560	43,960	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,795	13,670	15,125	84.6	82.0	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,300	12,360	14,160	13,300	12,360	14,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,305	2,370	1,935	12.6	14.2	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,285	6,230	6,355	6,285	6,230	6,355
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,890	4,630	4,255	26.1	27.8	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,170	7,860	8,500	8,170	7,860	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	34,045	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,470	5,760	4,710	30.8	34.6	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	59,600	47,200	52,800	59,600	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,550	64,400	51,400	58,550	64,400	51,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,965	4,315	4,655	26.3	25.9	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,600	17,400	20,800	25,600	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,240	32,000	22,880	27,240	32,000	22,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.0	79.4	67.2	74.0	79.4	67.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.5	64.6	55.4	60.5	64.6	55.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.0	20.6	32.7	26.0	20.6	32.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.1	6.8	5.9	5.1	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.4	5.5	4.9	4.4	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	34,030	16,650	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	570	260	310	1.7	1.6	1.8
With total income	33,455	16,390	17,065	98.3	98.4	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,875	795	1,075	5.6	4.9	6.3
$10,000 to $19,999	4,475	1,730	2,745	13.4	10.6	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,350	2,560	3,790	19.0	15.6	22.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,030	2,385	2,650	15.0	14.6	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,650	2,350	2,295	13.9	14.3	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,485	1,825	1,665	10.4	11.1	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,400	1,305	1,095	7.2	8.0	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,635	1,010	620	4.9	6.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,220	780	435	3.6	4.8	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	810	550	265	2.4	3.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,520	1,090	435	4.5	6.7	2.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,260	885	375	3.8	5.4	2.2
$150,000 and over	265	200	65	0.8	1.2	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	34,030	16,650	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	565	255	310	1.7	1.5	1.8
With after-tax income	33,465	16,390	17,070	98.3	98.4	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,040	835	1,205	6.1	5.1	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,685	1,820	2,860	14.0	11.1	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,475	3,095	4,385	22.3	18.9	25.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,355	3,250	3,105	19.0	19.8	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,065	2,640	2,430	15.1	16.1	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,300	1,835	1,470	9.9	11.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,040	1,235	805	6.1	7.5	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220	795	420	3.6	4.9	2.5
$80,000 to $89,999	565	375	195	1.7	2.3	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	330	235	95	1.0	1.4	0.6
$100,000 and over	390	280	115	1.2	1.7	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	265	190	80	0.8	1.2	0.5
$125,000 and over	125	90	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	34,030	16,650	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,465	4,650	6,815	33.7	27.9	39.2
With employment income	22,565	12,000	10,560	66.3	72.1	60.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,235	1,925	1,310	14.3	16.0	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,615	705	910	7.2	5.9	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,795	1,160	1,635	12.4	9.7	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,585	1,120	1,465	11.5	9.3	13.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,635	1,330	1,305	11.7	11.1	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,555	1,295	1,260	11.3	10.8	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,035	1,080	960	9.0	9.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,450	885	570	6.4	7.4	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,070	695	375	4.7	5.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	935	590	340	4.1	4.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	585	430	155	2.6	3.6	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,065	785	275	4.7	6.5	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	670	490	180	3.0	4.1	1.7
$125,000 and over	390	295	100	1.7	2.5	0.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	34,025	16,645	17,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,085	16,175	16,915	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,400	34,800	40,400	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,095	16,180	16,925	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,600	27,200	31,400	35,600	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,370	14,350	14,020	83.4	86.2	80.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,000	25,600	31,200	38,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,760	12,040	10,720	66.9	72.3	61.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,000	33,600	38,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,830	12,500	14,330	78.9	75.1	82.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,500	10,900	9,600	8,500	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,035	2,240	1,795	11.9	13.5	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,400	4,600	4,480	4,400	4,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	34,045	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,090	16,245	16,845	97.2	97.5	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,320	47,760	35,160	41,320	47,760	35,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,105	16,245	16,860	97.2	97.5	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,000	39,440	30,760	35,000	39,440	30,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,435	14,535	13,900	83.5	87.2	80.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	45,280	30,840	38,240	45,280	30,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,800	12,120	10,680	67.0	72.7	61.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	44,480	32,880	39,040	44,480	32,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,780	12,500	14,280	78.7	75.0	82.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,390	11,440	10,480	9,390	11,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,070	2,180	1,885	12.0	13.1	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,090	5,365	6,920	6,090	5,365	6,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	34,045	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,415	5,735	4,675	30.6	34.4	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	56,400	43,200	49,200	56,400	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,450	61,300	46,040	54,450	61,300	46,040
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,535	4,135	4,400	25.1	24.8	25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	31,600	20,400	24,600	31,600	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,040	37,120	25,320	31,040	37,120	25,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.4	84.8	72.4	79.4	84.8	72.4
Employment income (%)	65.0	69.4	59.3	65.0	69.4	59.3
Government transfers (%)	20.5	15.1	27.6	20.5	15.1	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.2	1.8	1.5	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	19,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	19,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,950	...	...	63,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,320	...	...	40,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,640	...	...	34,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	585	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,510	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	910	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,055	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,160	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,010	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,805	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,320	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,205	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,940	...	...	25.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,955	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,275	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,205	...	...	6.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	510	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	595	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,595	...	...	8.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,185	...	...	6.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,110	...	...	5.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,300	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,285	...	...	6.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,160	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,025	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,685	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,510	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,210	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,070	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,260	...	...	16.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,705	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	885	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	670	...	...	3.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,050	4,450	4,605	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	37,600	30,200	33,200	37,600	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	33,200	28,200	30,200	33,200	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,300	...	...	107,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,900	...	...	62,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,045	4,420	4,630	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,320	43,920	34,920	39,320	43,920	34,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,880	36,880	31,000	33,880	36,880	31,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	40,090	19,760	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,030	3,600	3,425	17.5	18.2	16.8
0 to 5 years	2,455	1,225	1,230	6.1	6.2	6.1
18 to 64 years	23,680	11,850	11,835	59.1	60.0	58.2
65 years and over	9,380	4,315	5,065	23.4	21.8	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,695	2,500	3,200	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	845	430	415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	160	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,755	1,335	1,415	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,100	735	1,365	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	12.6	15.7	14.2	12.6	15.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	11.9	12.2	12.0	11.9	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.8	12.4	12.6	12.8	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.3	12.0	11.6	11.3	12.0
65 years and over (%)	22.4	17.0	27.0	22.4	17.0	27.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	40,090	19,765	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,030	3,600	3,430	17.5	18.2	16.9
0 to 5 years	2,455	1,230	1,225	6.1	6.2	6.0
18 to 64 years	23,685	11,850	11,835	59.1	60.0	58.2
65 years and over	9,380	4,310	5,070	23.4	21.8	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,860	955	905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	210	100	105	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	30	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,470	780	690	...	...	...
65 years and over	185	75	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.4	3.3	2.8	2.4	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	5.9
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.8	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	40,090	19,760	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,640	12,310	13,330	64.0	62.3	65.6
In bottom decile	4,950	2,230	2,720	12.3	11.3	13.4
In second decile	5,535	2,545	2,990	13.8	12.9	14.7
In third decile	5,625	2,725	2,895	14.0	13.8	14.2
In fourth decile	4,960	2,465	2,500	12.4	12.5	12.3
In fifth decile	4,565	2,345	2,225	11.4	11.9	10.9
In top half of the distribution	14,455	7,455	7,000	36.1	37.7	34.4
In sixth decile	4,415	2,255	2,160	11.0	11.4	10.6
In seventh decile	3,735	1,930	1,800	9.3	9.8	8.9
In eighth decile	3,100	1,610	1,490	7.7	8.1	7.3
In ninth decile	2,180	1,120	1,060	5.4	5.7	5.2
In top decile	1,025	530	490	2.6	2.7	2.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	40,090	...	...	40,090	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.246	...	...	0.246	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	41,220	20,210	21,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	455	250	205	1.1	1.2	1.0
French only	24,850	11,510	13,340	60.3	57.0	63.5
English and French	15,830	8,400	7,430	38.4	41.6	35.4
Neither English nor French	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	41,220	20,210	21,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,850	965	885	4.5	4.8	4.2
French	38,875	18,980	19,900	94.3	93.9	94.7
English and French	420	220	205	1.0	1.1	1.0
Neither English nor French	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	41,220	20,210	21,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,325	19,745	20,580	97.8	97.7	97.9
Official languages	39,360	19,270	20,090	95.5	95.3	95.6
English	1,495	790	705	3.6	3.9	3.4
French	37,865	18,480	19,385	91.9	91.4	92.2
Non-official languages	965	480	490	2.3	2.4	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	965	480	485	2.3	2.4	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	555	270	280	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	195	200	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	280	140	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	895	460	430	2.2	2.3	2.0
English and French	680	330	350	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	41,220	20,210	21,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,010	540	470	2.5	2.7	2.2
French	36,875	17,940	18,930	89.5	88.8	90.1
Non-official language	270	135	135	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	2,255	1,180	1,080	5.5	5.8	5.1
English and non-official language(s)	130	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	360	180	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	310	150	160	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	41,220	20,210	21,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,435	19,810	20,620	98.1	98.0	98.1
Official languages	39,925	19,545	20,375	96.9	96.7	97.0
English	1,510	790	720	3.7	3.9	3.4
French	38,410	18,760	19,655	93.2	92.8	93.5
Non-official languages	510	265	250	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	510	265	250	1.2	1.3	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	305	160	150	0.7	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	125	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	175	95	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	785	395	390	1.9	2.0	1.9
English and French	585	290	295	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	41,220	20,210	21,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,860	18,970	19,885	94.3	93.9	94.6
English	1,360	740	625	3.3	3.7	3.0
French	530	265	260	1.3	1.3	1.2
Non-official language	250	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	40,115	19,765	20,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	40,045	19,730	20,315	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	16,085	8,740	7,340	40.1	44.2	36.1
French	39,605	19,495	20,110	98.7	98.6	98.8
Non-official languages	1,980	990	990	4.9	5.0	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,960	975	990	4.9	4.9	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	120	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	120	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	215	115	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,400	690	710	3.5	3.5	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,145	545	595	2.9	2.8	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	985	475	515	2.5	2.4	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,115	19,765	20,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	740	330	415	1.8	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	685	295	395	1.7	1.5	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	490	210	285	1.2	1.1	1.4
Métis	190	90	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	39,375	19,435	19,935	98.2	98.3	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,115	19,765	20,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	39,980	19,690	20,285	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,755	...	...	54.9	...	...
Renter	8,845	...	...	45.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,935	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not condominium	17,665	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,135	...	...	16.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,085	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,050	...	...	30.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,235	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,315	...	...	37.3	...	...
5 rooms	3,705	...	...	18.9	...	...
6 rooms	2,190	...	...	11.2	...	...
7 rooms	2,110	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,275	...	...	21.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	19,545	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	19,180	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	420	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,485	...	...	28.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,535	...	...	33.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,570	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,285	...	...	6.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	485	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	860	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	830	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,545	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,365	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,235	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,605	...	...	59.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,630	...	...	38.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	365	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	665	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,780	...	...	14.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,875	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,855	...	...	14.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,075	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,725	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,100	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	525	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,220	...	...	83.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,320	...	...	17.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,165	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	19,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,675	...	...	23.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,055	...	...	15.6	...	...
Not suitable only	370	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	955	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,925	...	...	76.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	905	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	18,480	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,755	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.0	...	...	65.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,071	...	...	1,071	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,840	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.7	...	...	25.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	730	...	...	730	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	771	...	...	771	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	40,115	19,765	20,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	680	310	365	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	670	310	365	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	610	280	330	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,080	460	620	2.7	2.3	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,080	460	620	2.7	2.3	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,010	425	590	2.5	2.2	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	35	0.1	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	38,355	19,000	19,355	95.6	96.1	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	40,110	19,765	20,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	39,620	19,505	20,110	98.8	98.7	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,895	3,495	3,405	17.2	17.7	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	32,720	16,010	16,705	81.6	81.0	82.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	495	255	240	1.2	1.3	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	40,110	19,765	20,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,685	19,020	19,665	96.4	96.2	96.7
Immigrants⁸¹	1,280	625	655	3.2	3.2	3.2
Before 1980	265	110	155	0.7	0.6	0.8
1980 to 1990	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
1991 to 2000	165	120	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
2001 to 2010	345	165	180	0.9	0.8	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	400	180	220	1.0	0.9	1.1
2011 to 2015	185	105	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
2016 to 2021	215	80	135	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	150	120	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,275	625	655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	105	50	60	8.2	8.0	9.2
5 to 14 years	250	125	120	19.6	20.0	18.3
15 to 24 years	225	120	105	17.6	19.2	16.0
25 to 44 years	595	285	305	46.7	45.6	46.6
45 years and over	110	40	70	8.6	6.4	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,275	625	655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	355	140	210	27.8	22.4	32.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	15	35	3.9	2.4	5.3
El Salvador	20	15	0	1.6	2.4	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	10	25	2.7	1.6	3.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	55	20	35	4.3	3.2	5.3
Peru	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
United States of America	60	15	40	4.7	2.4	6.1
Other places of birth in Americas	110	50	60	8.6	8.0	9.2
Europe	420	215	205	32.9	34.4	31.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	185	120	65	14.5	19.2	9.9
Germany	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	15	20	2.7	2.4	3.1
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Romania	30	20	15	2.4	3.2	2.3
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	35	65	7.5	5.6	9.9
Africa	305	155	150	23.9	24.8	22.9
Algeria	50	20	30	3.9	3.2	4.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.5
Egypt	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	45	35	6.3	7.2	5.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	70	75	11.0	11.2	11.5
Asia	200	110	85	15.7	17.6	13.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	2.0	2.4	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	25	2.7	2.4	3.8
Viet Nam	25	15	15	2.0	2.4	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	30	3.9	4.0	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	215	80	135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	10	45	25.6	12.5	33.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	15	7.0	0.0	11.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20	16.3	12.5	14.8
Europe	10	0	10	4.7	0.0	7.4
France	10	0	0	4.7	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	95	45	55	44.2	56.3	40.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	4.7	0.0	7.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	4.7	12.5	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	15	11.6	18.8	11.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	4.7	12.5	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	4.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	10	11.6	12.5	7.4
Asia	50	20	35	23.3	25.0	25.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	7.0	0.0	7.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	40,115	19,765	20,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,545	810	740	3.9	4.1	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,560	785	775	3.9	4.0	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,000	18,170	18,830	92.2	91.9	92.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,015	515	505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	470	305	170	46.3	59.2	33.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	235	175	60	23.2	34.0	11.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	235	130	105	23.2	25.2	20.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	370	125	245	36.5	24.3	48.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	160	75	85	15.8	14.6	16.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	2.0	1.9	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,015	515	505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	50	65	11.3	9.7	12.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	90	50	40	8.9	9.7	7.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10	2.0	2.9	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	30	20	4.9	5.8	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	730	370	360	71.9	71.8	71.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	40,115	19,765	20,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,280	700	580	3.2	3.5	2.9
South Asian	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	450	255	195	1.1	1.3	1.0
Filipino	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab	185	95	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	310	165	145	0.8	0.8	0.7
Southeast Asian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	38,835	19,060	19,770	96.8	96.4	97.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	40,115	19,765	20,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,525	7,885	8,645	41.2	39.9	42.5
English	710	385	325	1.8	1.9	1.6
Irish	1,800	865	935	4.5	4.4	4.6
Scottish	910	470	440	2.3	2.4	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,765	4,415	4,355	21.8	22.3	21.4
German	640	295	345	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italian	735	375	355	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indian (India)	115	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukrainian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Polish	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	6,285	3,160	3,125	15.7	16.0	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Filipino	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
French Canadian	3,375	1,675	1,705	8.4	8.5	8.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	940	500	445	2.3	2.5	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	970	415	555	2.4	2.1	2.7
Métis	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	480	265	210	1.2	1.3	1.0
Russian	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	115	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
American	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	255	135	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	550	255	295	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	530	245	285	1.3	1.2	1.4
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	225	115	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	135	70	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	40,115	19,765	20,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	28,920	13,855	15,065	72.1	70.1	74.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,755	895	860	4.4	4.5	4.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	80	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catholic	26,295	12,505	13,790	65.5	63.3	67.8
Christian Orthodox	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	200	90	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	170	100	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	290	150	140	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	10,750	5,675	5,075	26.8	28.7	24.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,720	19,545	20,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,345	16,895	17,455	86.5	86.4	86.5
Movers	5,375	2,650	2,725	13.5	13.6	13.5
Non-migrants	3,135	1,515	1,620	7.9	7.8	8.0
Migrants	2,245	1,135	1,105	5.7	5.8	5.5
Internal migrants	2,195	1,110	1,090	5.5	5.7	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,115	1,060	1,045	5.3	5.4	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	38,155	18,770	19,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,610	10,760	10,850	56.6	57.3	56.0
Movers	16,545	8,005	8,540	43.4	42.6	44.0
Non-migrants	8,425	3,985	4,440	22.1	21.2	22.9
Migrants	8,120	4,025	4,095	21.3	21.4	21.1
Internal migrants	7,895	3,890	4,000	20.7	20.7	20.6
Intraprovincial migrants	7,680	3,795	3,890	20.1	20.2	20.1
Interprovincial migrants	215	100	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
External migrants	225	130	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,045	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,940	5,195	4,745	29.2	31.2	27.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,105	11,470	12,635	70.8	68.8	72.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,995	10,455	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,005	2,780	2,225	23.8	26.6	21.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,990	7,675	8,315	76.2	73.4	78.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,050	16,665	17,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,685	4,435	4,250	25.5	26.6	24.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,500	3,935	4,565	25.0	23.6	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,860	8,295	8,565	49.5	49.8	49.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,500	6,875	6,630	39.6	41.3	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,440	4,400	3,035	21.9	26.4	17.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,465	2,865	2,605	16.0	17.2	15.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,975	1,535	435	5.8	9.2	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,220	2,135	3,085	15.3	12.8	17.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	840	340	505	2.5	2.0	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,360	1,415	1,940	9.9	8.5	11.2
Bachelor's degree	2,330	910	1,415	6.8	5.5	8.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	370	130	235	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	520	285	240	1.5	1.7	1.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,000	10,460	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,150	2,265	1,880	19.8	21.7	17.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,520	2,240	2,280	21.5	21.4	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,330	5,945	6,380	58.7	56.8	60.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,935	5,015	4,925	47.3	47.9	46.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,610	3,255	2,360	26.7	31.1	22.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,130	2,115	2,020	19.7	20.2	19.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,480	1,140	340	7.0	10.9	3.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,740	1,515	2,220	17.8	14.5	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	585	245	345	2.8	2.3	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,390	935	1,455	11.4	8.9	13.8
Bachelor's degree	1,685	635	1,055	8.0	6.1	10.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	265	90	170	1.3	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	340	160	180	1.6	1.5	1.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,050	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,190	8,375	8,810	50.5	50.3	50.7
Education	1,325	305	1,015	3.9	1.8	5.8
13. Education	1,325	305	1,015	3.9	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	350	120	225	1.0	0.7	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	320	95	220	0.9	0.6	1.3
Humanities	695	350	345	2.0	2.1	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	225	230	1.3	1.4	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	45	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	25	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,150	345	810	3.4	2.1	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	430	55	375	1.3	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	180	70	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	215	55	160	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	230	120	110	0.7	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	3,350	1,020	2,330	9.8	6.1	13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	45	135	0.5	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,175	975	2,195	9.3	5.9	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	205	205	1.2	1.2	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	150	100	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	450	275	180	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	370	240	125	1.1	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	65	0	50	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,425	4,165	260	13.0	25.0	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	100	75	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
14. Engineering	275	235	40	0.8	1.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	825	735	90	2.4	4.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,135	1,110	25	3.3	6.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,245	1,200	45	3.7	7.2	0.3
48. Precision production	845	805	45	2.5	4.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	330	175	160	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	280	140	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	2,520	395	2,125	7.4	2.4	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	85	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,360	295	2,065	6.9	1.8	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,850	935	915	5.4	5.6	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	995	205	790	2.9	1.2	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	290	60	1.0	1.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	440	70	1.5	2.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,995	10,455	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,670	4,510	4,155	41.3	43.1	39.4
Education	780	170	615	3.7	1.6	5.8
13. Education	780	170	615	3.7	1.6	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	85	155	1.1	0.8	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	210	70	145	1.0	0.7	1.4
Humanities	405	180	225	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	120	145	1.3	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	860	220	640	4.1	2.1	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345	35	310	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	130	35	90	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	155	30	130	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	165	85	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	2,550	725	1,825	12.1	6.9	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	145	30	110	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,410	695	1,715	11.5	6.6	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	100	140	1.1	1.0	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	215	140	1.7	2.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	205	100	1.5	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,280	3,040	240	15.6	29.1	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	70	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	225	195	30	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	625	540	85	3.0	5.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	840	815	25	4.0	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945	905	40	4.5	8.7	0.4
48. Precision production	570	530	40	2.7	5.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	145	120	1.3	1.4	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	120	105	1.1	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	1,935	325	1,610	9.2	3.1	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,815	250	1,565	8.6	2.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,410	735	675	6.7	7.0	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	730	155	575	3.5	1.5	5.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	240	40	1.3	2.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	340	60	1.9	3.3	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,995	10,455	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,670	4,510	4,155	41.3	43.1	39.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,325	5,945	6,385	58.7	56.9	60.6
Location of study inside Canada	11,855	5,665	6,190	56.5	54.2	58.7
Same as province or territory of residence	11,630	5,540	6,085	55.4	53.0	57.7
Different than province or territory of residence	230	125	105	1.1	1.2	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	470	280	190	2.2	2.7	1.8
Americas	145	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	120	90	25	0.6	0.9	0.2
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	75	60	10	0.4	0.6	0.1
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	115	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	95	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	34,045	16,665	17,385	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,925	10,440	9,475	...	...	...
Employed	18,550	9,700	8,850	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,375	745	625	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,125	6,225	7,905	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.6	54.5	58.5	62.6	54.5
Employment rate	54.5	58.2	50.9	54.5	58.2	50.9
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.1	6.6	6.9	7.1	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	34,050	16,665	17,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,940	6,240	7,700	40.9	37.4	44.3
Worked	20,110	10,425	9,685	59.1	62.6	55.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,680	5,905	4,780	31.4	35.4	27.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,425	4,525	4,900	27.7	27.2	28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.5	41.2	41.9	42.5	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,920	10,445	9,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	210	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	19,515	10,235	9,280	98.0	98.0	97.9
Employee	17,690	9,215	8,470	88.8	88.2	89.3
Permanent position	15,395	8,110	7,285	77.3	77.6	76.8
Temporary position	2,295	1,105	1,185	11.5	10.6	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	775	325	455	3.9	3.1	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,515	785	735	7.6	7.5	7.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,825	1,020	805	9.2	9.8	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,920	10,445	9,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	210	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	19,515	10,235	9,280	98.0	98.0	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	240	190	55	1.2	1.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,765	785	1,980	13.9	7.5	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	885	670	215	4.4	6.4	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,940	330	1,610	9.7	3.2	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,360	690	1,670	11.8	6.6	17.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	355	170	185	1.8	1.6	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	4,760	1,970	2,785	23.9	18.9	29.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,555	4,215	340	22.9	40.4	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	250	185	65	1.3	1.8	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,420	1,050	370	7.1	10.1	3.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,920	10,445	9,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	210	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	19,515	10,235	9,280	98.0	98.0	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	205	130	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	200	165	40	1.0	1.6	0.4
23 Construction	1,675	1,555	120	8.4	14.9	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	2,765	2,030	740	13.9	19.4	7.8
41 Wholesale trade	615	440	175	3.1	4.2	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	2,540	1,170	1,370	12.8	11.2	14.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,305	1,015	290	6.6	9.7	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	150	100	50	0.8	1.0	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	445	135	315	2.2	1.3	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	115	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	760	375	385	3.8	3.6	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	745	490	255	3.7	4.7	2.7
61 Educational services	1,285	410	875	6.5	3.9	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	3,560	585	2,975	17.9	5.6	31.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	180	115	65	0.9	1.1	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	950	370	580	4.8	3.5	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	975	475	495	4.9	4.5	5.2
91 Public administration	920	545	380	4.6	5.2	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,370	11,070	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	430	235	190	2.0	2.1	1.8
French	16,360	8,420	7,940	76.6	76.1	77.1
Non-official language	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,470	2,355	2,120	20.9	21.3	20.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,370	11,070	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,640	10,650	9,990	96.6	96.2	97.0
Official languages	20,580	10,630	9,950	96.3	96.0	96.6
English	920	490	425	4.3	4.4	4.1
French	19,660	10,140	9,525	92.0	91.6	92.5
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	420	315	3.4	3.8	3.1
English and French	730	420	305	3.4	3.8	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,370	11,070	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,540	9,085	8,460	82.1	82.1	82.1
English	3,295	1,705	1,585	15.4	15.4	15.4
French	485	245	240	2.3	2.2	2.3
Non-official language	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,550	9,700	8,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,675	715	955	9.0	7.4	10.8
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,285	1,735	550	12.3	17.9	6.2
Usual place of work	14,575	7,235	7,340	78.6	74.6	82.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,575	7,235	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,490	3,900	4,595	58.3	53.9	62.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	700	360	340	4.8	5.0	4.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,330	2,955	2,380	36.6	40.8	32.4
Commute to a different province or territory	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,855	8,970	7,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,670	8,445	7,230	93.0	94.1	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,875	8,075	6,800	88.3	90.0	86.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	795	365	430	4.7	4.1	5.5
Public transit	85	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Walked	755	290	465	4.5	3.2	5.9
Bicycle	130	105	30	0.8	1.2	0.4
Other method	210	85	125	1.2	0.9	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,855	8,970	7,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,470	3,450	4,015	44.3	38.5	50.9
15 to 29 minutes	4,980	2,740	2,240	29.5	30.5	28.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,395	1,385	1,010	14.2	15.4	12.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,180	780	405	7.0	8.7	5.1
60 minutes and over	830	610	220	4.9	6.8	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,855	8,970	7,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,580	1,255	325	9.4	14.0	4.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,175	2,105	1,075	18.8	23.5	13.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,925	2,390	2,535	29.2	26.6	32.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,915	1,060	1,855	17.3	11.8	23.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,290	455	835	7.7	5.1	10.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,970	1,705	1,265	17.6	19.0	16.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,140	3,660	3,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950	480	470	13.3	13.1	13.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,190	3,180	3,010	86.7	86.9	86.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,965	2,570	2,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	650	330	315	13.1	12.8	13.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	260	255	10.4	10.1	10.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	75	60	2.7	2.9	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,315	2,235	2,080	86.9	87.0	86.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table