Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Salaberry-de-ValleyfieldMore information: Quebec [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	42,787	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	40,745	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,962	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	20,073	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	394.1	...	...	394.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	108.56	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	42,785	20,970	21,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,255	3,220	3,035	14.6	15.4	13.9
0 to 4 years	2,070	1,040	1,030	4.8	5.0	4.7
5 to 9 years	2,205	1,140	1,070	5.2	5.4	4.9
10 to 14 years	1,980	1,040	935	4.6	5.0	4.3
15 to 64 years	25,740	12,895	12,845	60.2	61.5	58.9
15 to 19 years	1,695	860	835	4.0	4.1	3.8
20 to 24 years	2,050	1,055	995	4.8	5.0	4.6
25 to 29 years	2,720	1,405	1,315	6.4	6.7	6.0
30 to 34 years	2,750	1,415	1,335	6.4	6.7	6.1
35 to 39 years	2,400	1,205	1,195	5.6	5.7	5.5
40 to 44 years	2,475	1,265	1,215	5.8	6.0	5.6
45 to 49 years	2,190	1,115	1,080	5.1	5.3	4.9
50 to 54 years	2,515	1,225	1,290	5.9	5.8	5.9
55 to 59 years	3,285	1,610	1,675	7.7	7.7	7.7
60 to 64 years	3,655	1,745	1,910	8.5	8.3	8.8
65 years and over	10,795	4,850	5,935	25.2	23.1	27.2
65 to 69 years	3,325	1,635	1,690	7.8	7.8	7.7
70 to 74 years	2,800	1,295	1,505	6.5	6.2	6.9
75 to 79 years	2,150	975	1,175	5.0	4.6	5.4
80 to 84 years	1,245	525	720	2.9	2.5	3.3
85 years and over	1,270	425	845	3.0	2.0	3.9
85 to 89 years	750	285	465	1.8	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	400	125	280	0.9	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	100	15	85	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.4	13.9	14.6	15.4	13.9
15 to 64 years	60.2	61.5	58.9	60.2	61.5	58.9
65 years and over	25.2	23.1	27.2	25.2	23.1	27.2
85 years and over	3.0	2.0	3.9	3.0	2.0	3.9
Average age of the population	45.5	44.2	46.7	45.5	44.2	46.7
Median age of the population	47.2	45.2	49.6	47.2	45.2	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	20,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,150	...	...	45.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,235	...	...	6.2	...	...
Row house	390	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,700	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,535	...	...	32.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	20,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,740	...	...	38.6	...	...
2 persons	7,415	...	...	36.9	...	...
3 persons	2,340	...	...	11.7	...	...
4 persons	1,715	...	...	8.5	...	...
5 or more persons	870	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	41,200	20,340	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	36,530	17,750	18,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,435	9,735	9,700	53.2	54.8	51.6
Married	9,800	4,920	4,885	26.8	27.7	26.0
Living common-law	9,635	4,815	4,820	26.4	27.1	25.7
Living common law - Never married	7,570	3,780	3,785	20.7	21.3	20.1
Living common law - Separated	120	65	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,690	850	835	4.6	4.8	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	255	120	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	17,100	8,015	9,080	46.8	45.2	48.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,890	5,865	5,025	29.8	33.0	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	520	250	275	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,190	1,270	1,915	8.7	7.2	10.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,490	625	1,870	6.8	3.5	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,255	...	...	61.8	...	...
3 persons	2,205	...	...	18.8	...	...
4 persons	1,595	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	680	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,520	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	4,710	...	...	40.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,425	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	3,290	...	...	28.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,810	...	...	41.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,260	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	2,550	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,215	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,640	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	575	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	41,200	20,340	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	31,155	15,405	15,750	75.6	75.7	75.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	19,045	9,520	9,520	46.2	46.8	45.6
Parents in one-parent families	2,215	580	1,635	5.4	2.9	7.8
Children⁶	9,895	5,305	4,590	24.0	26.1	22.0
In a two-parent family	6,610	3,480	3,135	16.0	17.1	15.0
In a one-parent family	3,280	1,825	1,455	8.0	9.0	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,045	4,935	5,110	24.4	24.3	24.5
Living alone	7,745	3,645	4,090	18.8	17.9	19.6
Living with other relatives⁷	840	390	455	2.0	1.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,460	895	565	3.5	4.4	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	20,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,875	...	...	54.2	...	...
Couple-family households	8,975	...	...	44.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,430	...	...	17.1	...	...
Without children	5,540	...	...	27.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,905	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	230	...	...	1.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	435	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	725	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	7,740	...	...	38.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,370	16,860	17,515	98.3	98.5	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,200	38,000	42,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,380	16,865	17,510	98.3	98.5	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,200	34,000	37,600	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,590	14,960	14,630	84.6	87.4	82.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	37,200	24,800	30,800	37,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,215	12,350	10,860	66.4	72.1	60.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	29,600	34,000	38,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,630	13,980	15,650	84.8	81.6	87.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	12,000	13,700	13,000	12,000	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,460	2,445	2,015	12.8	14.3	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,095	4,750	4,345	26.0	27.7	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	8,000	6,550	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,360	16,900	17,460	98.3	98.7	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	49,920	38,440	44,080	49,920	38,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,365	16,900	17,460	98.3	98.7	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,400	41,400	33,520	37,400	41,400	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,580	15,045	14,540	84.6	87.9	81.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,960	44,600	31,080	37,960	44,600	31,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,215	12,440	10,775	66.4	72.6	60.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,440	43,840	34,360	39,440	43,840	34,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,545	14,040	15,505	84.5	82.0	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,280	12,320	14,160	13,280	12,320	14,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,390	2,430	1,965	12.6	14.2	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,345	6,235	6,490	6,345	6,235	6,490
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,105	4,755	4,345	26.0	27.8	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,150	7,830	8,510	8,150	7,830	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,765	5,930	4,830	30.8	34.6	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	59,600	47,200	52,800	59,600	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,450	64,300	51,300	58,450	64,300	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,235	4,455	4,775	26.4	26.0	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,400	17,200	20,600	25,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,080	31,760	22,700	27,080	31,760	22,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.0	79.6	67.2	74.0	79.6	67.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	64.6	55.2	60.4	64.6	55.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.9	20.5	32.7	25.9	20.5	32.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.1	6.8	5.8	5.1	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.4	5.5	4.9	4.4	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	34,960	17,130	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	590	265	325	1.7	1.5	1.8
With total income	34,375	16,855	17,515	98.3	98.4	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,940	820	1,115	5.6	4.9	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,585	1,760	2,830	13.3	10.4	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,510	2,635	3,875	18.9	15.6	22.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,145	2,450	2,700	15.0	14.5	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,755	2,415	2,340	13.8	14.3	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,600	1,890	1,705	10.5	11.2	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,465	1,335	1,130	7.2	7.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680	1,040	635	4.9	6.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	810	455	3.7	4.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	830	560	275	2.4	3.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,585	1,130	455	4.6	6.7	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,310	920	385	3.8	5.5	2.2
$150,000 and over	275	210	65	0.8	1.2	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	34,960	17,130	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	585	260	320	1.7	1.5	1.8
With after-tax income	34,380	16,865	17,515	98.3	98.5	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,115	865	1,255	6.2	5.1	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,800	1,855	2,940	14.0	11.0	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,655	3,180	4,475	22.3	18.9	25.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,505	3,335	3,165	18.9	19.8	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,215	2,725	2,490	15.2	16.2	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,385	1,880	1,510	9.8	11.1	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	1,275	820	6.1	7.6	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,255	820	435	3.7	4.9	2.5
$80,000 to $89,999	590	385	200	1.7	2.3	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	345	250	100	1.0	1.5	0.6
$100,000 and over	410	290	120	1.2	1.7	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	275	195	80	0.8	1.2	0.5
$125,000 and over	130	95	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	34,960	17,130	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,745	4,775	6,970	33.6	27.9	39.1
With employment income	23,210	12,355	10,860	66.4	72.1	60.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,350	2,000	1,350	14.4	16.2	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,655	720	935	7.1	5.8	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,895	1,195	1,695	12.5	9.7	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,660	1,160	1,505	11.5	9.4	13.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,690	1,360	1,335	11.6	11.0	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,620	1,330	1,290	11.3	10.8	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,085	1,105	985	9.0	8.9	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,490	895	595	6.4	7.2	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	720	385	4.7	5.8	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	965	610	345	4.2	4.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	605	445	160	2.6	3.6	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,110	820	285	4.8	6.6	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	690	505	185	3.0	4.1	1.7
$125,000 and over	415	315	105	1.8	2.5	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,985	16,640	17,345	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	29,600	34,800	40,800	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,000	16,640	17,355	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,600	27,200	31,400	35,600	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,200	14,790	14,410	83.5	86.4	80.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,000	25,600	31,400	38,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,420	12,390	11,030	67.0	72.4	61.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	28,800	33,600	38,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,510	12,830	14,680	78.7	74.9	82.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,500	10,800	9,600	8,500	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,125	2,295	1,835	11.8	13.4	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,400	4,640	4,480	4,400	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,975	16,690	17,285	97.2	97.5	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,440	47,800	35,320	41,440	47,800	35,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,985	16,690	17,295	97.2	97.5	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,080	39,480	30,840	35,080	39,480	30,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,240	14,955	14,285	83.6	87.3	80.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,320	45,320	31,000	38,320	45,320	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,450	12,470	10,980	67.1	72.8	61.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,960	44,360	32,840	38,960	44,360	32,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,450	12,815	14,630	78.5	74.8	82.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,380	11,450	10,480	9,380	11,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,165	2,235	1,930	11.9	13.1	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,135	5,400	6,990	6,135	5,400	6,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,690	5,895	4,795	30.6	34.4	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	56,400	42,800	49,200	56,400	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,300	61,050	46,040	54,300	61,050	46,040
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,790	4,265	4,525	25.1	24.9	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	31,400	20,000	24,400	31,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,920	37,000	25,180	30,920	37,000	25,180
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6	85.0	72.6	79.6	85.0	72.6
Employment income (%)	64.8	69.4	59.0	64.8	69.4	59.0
Government transfers (%)	20.4	15.1	27.5	20.4	15.1	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.2	1.8	1.5	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	20,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	20,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,560	...	...	40,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	20,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	585	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,525	...	...	7.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	945	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,065	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,180	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,035	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,855	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,580	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,355	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,105	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,020	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,305	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,245	...	...	6.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	540	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	20,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,615	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	6.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,125	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,320	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,310	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,185	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,070	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,725	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,545	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,250	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,365	...	...	16.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,755	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	910	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	700	...	...	3.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,200	4,545	4,660	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	37,600	30,200	33,200	37,600	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	33,600	28,200	30,400	33,600	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...	82,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,900	...	...	62,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,215	4,525	4,690	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,520	44,120	35,040	39,520	44,120	35,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	37,000	31,040	34,000	37,000	31,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	41,200	20,335	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,245	3,715	3,535	17.6	18.3	16.9
0 to 5 years	2,530	1,270	1,260	6.1	6.2	6.0
18 to 64 years	24,315	12,165	12,145	59.0	59.8	58.2
65 years and over	9,645	4,460	5,185	23.4	21.9	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,805	2,555	3,250	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	865	440	425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	160	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,800	1,360	1,435	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,145	755	1,390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.1	12.6	15.6	14.1	12.6	15.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.8	12.0	11.9	11.8	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.5	12.7	12.4	12.5	12.7	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.5	11.2	11.8	11.5	11.2	11.8
65 years and over (%)	22.2	16.9	26.8	22.2	16.9	26.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	41,200	20,340	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,250	3,710	3,535	17.6	18.2	16.9
0 to 5 years	2,530	1,270	1,260	6.1	6.2	6.0
18 to 64 years	24,310	12,170	12,145	59.0	59.8	58.2
65 years and over	9,640	4,455	5,185	23.4	21.9	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,880	965	920	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	210	100	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	30	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,485	785	700	...	...	...
65 years and over	190	80	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.2	3.3	2.8	2.2	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.4	5.8	6.1	6.4	5.8
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	41,200	20,335	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	26,290	12,650	13,640	63.8	62.2	65.4
In bottom decile	5,020	2,260	2,760	12.2	11.1	13.2
In second decile	5,650	2,610	3,045	13.7	12.8	14.6
In third decile	5,760	2,790	2,965	14.0	13.7	14.2
In fourth decile	5,135	2,565	2,570	12.5	12.6	12.3
In fifth decile	4,725	2,425	2,300	11.5	11.9	11.0
In top half of the distribution	14,910	7,680	7,220	36.2	37.8	34.6
In sixth decile	4,525	2,305	2,220	11.0	11.3	10.6
In seventh decile	3,855	1,990	1,860	9.4	9.8	8.9
In eighth decile	3,180	1,655	1,530	7.7	8.1	7.3
In ninth decile	2,265	1,175	1,095	5.5	5.8	5.2
In top decile	1,080	560	520	2.6	2.8	2.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.441	...	...	0.441	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.246	...	...	0.246	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	42,325	20,785	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	460	255	205	1.1	1.2	1.0
French only	25,535	11,865	13,670	60.3	57.1	63.4
English and French	16,250	8,615	7,630	38.4	41.4	35.4
Neither English nor French	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	42,325	20,785	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,885	985	895	4.5	4.7	4.2
French	39,950	19,530	20,415	94.4	94.0	94.8
English and French	425	220	205	1.0	1.1	1.0
Neither English nor French	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	42,325	20,785	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,425	20,320	21,110	97.9	97.8	98.0
Official languages	40,450	19,835	20,615	95.6	95.4	95.7
English	1,530	810	720	3.6	3.9	3.3
French	38,920	19,025	19,900	92.0	91.5	92.4
Non-official languages	970	485	490	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	970	485	485	2.3	2.3	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	560	275	285	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	0.9	1.0	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	280	140	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	905	465	440	2.1	2.2	2.0
English and French	690	340	350	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	42,325	20,785	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,030	545	480	2.4	2.6	2.2
French	37,915	18,485	19,435	89.6	88.9	90.2
Non-official language	270	135	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	140	135	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	2,295	1,200	1,095	5.4	5.8	5.1
English and non-official language(s)	130	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	365	180	180	0.9	0.9	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	305	150	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	42,325	20,785	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,535	20,385	21,155	98.1	98.1	98.2
Official languages	41,025	20,120	20,905	96.9	96.8	97.0
English	1,540	800	735	3.6	3.8	3.4
French	39,490	19,320	20,170	93.3	93.0	93.6
Non-official languages	510	265	250	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	510	265	250	1.2	1.3	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	305	160	150	0.7	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	125	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	175	95	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	795	400	390	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	590	295	295	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	42,325	20,785	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,930	19,525	20,405	94.3	93.9	94.7
English	1,390	750	635	3.3	3.6	2.9
French	535	270	265	1.3	1.3	1.2
Non-official language	255	130	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	41,200	20,340	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	41,130	20,300	20,825	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	16,490	8,950	7,540	40.0	44.0	36.1
French	40,680	20,060	20,620	98.7	98.6	98.8
Non-official languages	1,995	1,000	995	4.8	4.9	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,980	985	995	4.8	4.8	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	120	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	120	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	215	115	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,420	700	715	3.4	3.4	3.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,160	550	610	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,000	475	525	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	41,200	20,340	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	750	330	425	1.8	1.6	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	695	295	400	1.7	1.5	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	500	210	290	1.2	1.0	1.4
Métis	190	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	40,450	20,005	20,445	98.2	98.4	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	41,200	20,340	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	41,065	20,260	20,800	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,110	...	...	55.4	...	...
Renter	8,965	...	...	44.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,935	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not condominium	18,135	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,180	...	...	15.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,255	...	...	36.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,240	...	...	31.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,310	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,400	...	...	36.9	...	...
5 rooms	3,810	...	...	19.0	...	...
6 rooms	2,270	...	...	11.3	...	...
7 rooms	2,145	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,445	...	...	22.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	20,020	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	19,650	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	425	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,650	...	...	28.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,685	...	...	33.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,620	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,325	...	...	6.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	495	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	895	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	840	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,565	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,800	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,275	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,865	...	...	59.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,830	...	...	39.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	380	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	680	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,805	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,950	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,935	...	...	14.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,195	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,820	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,140	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	540	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,600	...	...	83.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,365	...	...	16.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,210	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	20,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,760	...	...	23.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,100	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not suitable only	375	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	990	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,310	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	905	...	...	4.6	...	...
Not in core need	18,900	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,070	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.8	...	...	64.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,072	...	...	1,072	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	291,200	...	...	291,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,955	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	730	...	...	730	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	771	...	...	771	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	41,200	20,335	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	680	315	365	1.7	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	680	315	365	1.7	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	615	290	330	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,100	475	620	2.7	2.3	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,100	475	620	2.7	2.3	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,035	440	590	2.5	2.2	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	39,420	19,550	19,870	95.7	96.1	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	41,200	20,335	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	40,700	20,075	20,625	98.8	98.7	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,105	3,625	3,475	17.2	17.8	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,595	16,450	17,145	81.5	80.9	82.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	500	260	240	1.2	1.3	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	41,200	20,335	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,740	19,575	20,165	96.5	96.3	96.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,310	645	665	3.2	3.2	3.2
Before 1980	270	120	155	0.7	0.6	0.7
1980 to 1990	115	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
1991 to 2000	165	120	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
2001 to 2010	355	170	180	0.9	0.8	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	405	185	220	1.0	0.9	1.1
2011 to 2015	185	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
2016 to 2021	220	85	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	150	120	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,310	645	665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	110	50	60	8.4	7.8	9.0
5 to 14 years	250	125	120	19.1	19.4	18.0
15 to 24 years	230	120	105	17.6	18.6	15.8
25 to 44 years	615	305	315	46.9	47.3	47.4
45 years and over	110	40	70	8.4	6.2	10.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,310	645	665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	355	145	210	27.1	22.5	31.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	15	35	3.8	2.3	5.3
El Salvador	20	15	0	1.5	2.3	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	10	25	2.7	1.6	3.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	55	20	35	4.2	3.1	5.3
Peru	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
United States of America	60	20	40	4.6	3.1	6.0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	50	60	8.4	7.8	9.0
Europe	445	230	210	34.0	35.7	31.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	195	125	70	14.9	19.4	10.5
Germany	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Greece	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	15	20	2.7	2.3	3.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Romania	30	20	15	2.3	3.1	2.3
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	105	35	65	8.0	5.4	9.8
Africa	305	155	150	23.3	24.0	22.6
Algeria	50	20	30	3.8	3.1	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	1.1	1.6	1.5
Egypt	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	45	35	6.1	7.0	5.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	70	75	10.7	10.9	11.3
Asia	205	115	85	15.6	17.8	12.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	1.9	2.3	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	25	2.7	2.3	3.8
Viet Nam	25	15	15	1.9	2.3	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	30	4.2	4.7	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	220	85	135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	15	45	27.3	17.6	33.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	15	6.8	0.0	11.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20	15.9	11.8	14.8
Europe	10	0	10	4.5	0.0	7.4
France	10	0	0	4.5	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	95	45	55	43.2	52.9	40.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	4.5	0.0	7.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	4.5	11.8	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	15	11.4	17.6	11.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	4.5	11.8	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	4.5	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	10	11.4	11.8	7.4
Asia	50	20	35	22.7	23.5	25.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	6.8	0.0	7.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	41,200	20,340	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,575	830	755	3.8	4.1	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,585	800	785	3.8	3.9	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,035	18,710	19,320	92.3	92.0	92.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,040	525	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	495	315	175	47.6	60.0	34.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	250	185	65	24.0	35.2	12.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	245	130	115	23.6	24.8	22.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	370	130	245	35.6	24.8	47.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	160	75	85	15.4	14.3	16.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	1.9	1.9	1.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,040	525	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	50	65	11.1	9.5	12.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	90	50	40	8.7	9.5	7.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10	1.9	2.9	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	35	20	5.3	6.7	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	755	380	375	72.6	72.4	72.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	41,200	20,340	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,280	700	580	3.1	3.4	2.8
South Asian	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	450	255	195	1.1	1.3	0.9
Filipino	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab	185	95	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	310	165	145	0.8	0.8	0.7
Southeast Asian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,920	19,635	20,290	96.9	96.5	97.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	41,200	20,340	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,015	8,140	8,870	41.3	40.0	42.5
English	715	385	330	1.7	1.9	1.6
Irish	1,810	875	935	4.4	4.3	4.5
Scottish	915	470	445	2.2	2.3	2.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,010	4,545	4,465	21.9	22.3	21.4
German	645	305	345	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italian	750	390	355	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indian (India)	115	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukrainian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	145	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Polish	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	6,455	3,250	3,205	15.7	16.0	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Filipino	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
French Canadian	3,510	1,730	1,780	8.5	8.5	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	965	515	460	2.3	2.5	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	970	415	555	2.4	2.0	2.7
Métis	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	480	265	210	1.2	1.3	1.0
Russian	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	115	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	255	135	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	555	265	295	1.3	1.3	1.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	115	75	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Jamaican	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	535	250	285	1.3	1.2	1.4
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	180	80	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belgian	225	115	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	150	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	41,200	20,340	20,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	29,820	14,310	15,510	72.4	70.4	74.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,810	920	890	4.4	4.5	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	80	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catholic	27,095	12,925	14,170	65.8	63.5	67.9
Christian Orthodox	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	230	100	130	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	175	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	10,935	5,790	5,145	26.5	28.5	24.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	40,790	20,100	20,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,330	17,415	17,920	86.6	86.6	86.6
Movers	5,460	2,690	2,765	13.4	13.4	13.4
Non-migrants	3,185	1,540	1,645	7.8	7.7	8.0
Migrants	2,275	1,150	1,125	5.6	5.7	5.4
Internal migrants	2,225	1,120	1,110	5.5	5.6	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,140	1,075	1,065	5.2	5.3	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	39,185	19,305	19,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,295	11,125	11,170	56.9	57.6	56.2
Movers	16,890	8,180	8,705	43.1	42.4	43.8
Non-migrants	8,580	4,050	4,530	21.9	21.0	22.8
Migrants	8,305	4,130	4,180	21.2	21.4	21.0
Internal migrants	8,080	3,995	4,085	20.6	20.7	20.5
Intraprovincial migrants	7,855	3,890	3,965	20.0	20.2	19.9
Interprovincial migrants	220	105	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
External migrants	225	130	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,960	17,125	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,205	5,350	4,855	29.2	31.2	27.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,755	11,775	12,980	70.8	68.8	72.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,540	10,730	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,120	2,850	2,275	23.8	26.6	21.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,415	7,885	8,540	76.2	73.5	79.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,960	17,130	17,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,910	4,565	4,345	25.5	26.6	24.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,750	4,070	4,685	25.0	23.8	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,295	8,490	8,810	49.5	49.6	49.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,870	7,055	6,810	39.7	41.2	38.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,615	4,510	3,110	21.8	26.3	17.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,595	2,940	2,655	16.0	17.2	14.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,025	1,570	450	5.8	9.2	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,395	2,200	3,190	15.4	12.8	17.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	860	345	515	2.5	2.0	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,430	1,435	2,000	9.8	8.4	11.2
Bachelor's degree	2,380	925	1,455	6.8	5.4	8.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	380	130	250	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	535	290	245	1.5	1.7	1.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,540	10,735	10,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,235	2,320	1,910	19.7	21.6	17.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,650	2,315	2,330	21.6	21.6	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,655	6,090	6,565	58.8	56.7	60.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,200	5,145	5,060	47.4	47.9	46.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,745	3,330	2,415	26.7	31.0	22.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,230	2,165	2,065	19.6	20.2	19.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,520	1,165	350	7.1	10.9	3.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,855	1,560	2,295	17.9	14.5	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	600	250	345	2.8	2.3	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,455	950	1,510	11.4	8.8	14.0
Bachelor's degree	1,740	645	1,090	8.1	6.0	10.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	90	180	1.3	0.8	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	350	165	190	1.6	1.5	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,960	17,125	17,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,665	8,635	9,025	50.5	50.4	50.6
Education	1,360	305	1,055	3.9	1.8	5.9
13. Education	1,360	305	1,055	3.9	1.8	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	360	125	235	1.0	0.7	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	325	100	225	0.9	0.6	1.3
Humanities	715	350	365	2.0	2.0	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	470	225	250	1.3	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	45	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	25	65	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,180	350	830	3.4	2.0	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	445	55	385	1.3	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	185	70	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	220	55	170	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	235	130	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	3,420	1,040	2,380	9.8	6.1	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190	45	145	0.5	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,235	995	2,240	9.3	5.8	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	440	220	215	1.3	1.3	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	155	105	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	455	275	185	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	370	240	130	1.1	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	65	0	50	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,530	4,270	265	13.0	24.9	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	105	75	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	280	235	45	0.8	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	845	755	90	2.4	4.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,145	25	3.3	6.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,265	1,220	45	3.6	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	865	825	45	2.5	4.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	180	165	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	145	145	0.9	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	2,580	400	2,185	7.4	2.3	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	85	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,425	300	2,125	6.9	1.8	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,905	975	935	5.4	5.7	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,015	210	800	2.9	1.2	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	295	60	1.0	1.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	465	70	1.5	2.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,540	10,730	10,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,885	4,640	4,240	41.2	43.2	39.2
Education	805	170	635	3.7	1.6	5.9
13. Education	805	170	635	3.7	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	90	155	1.2	0.8	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	220	75	150	1.0	0.7	1.4
Humanities	415	180	245	1.9	1.7	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275	120	160	1.3	1.1	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	880	225	655	4.1	2.1	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	35	320	1.6	0.3	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	130	35	90	0.6	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	165	30	135	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	175	90	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	2,605	735	1,870	12.1	6.8	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	30	115	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,460	700	1,750	11.4	6.5	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	105	145	1.2	1.0	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	215	150	1.7	2.0	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	205	105	1.4	1.9	1.0
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,360	3,115	250	15.6	29.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	75	50	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	235	200	35	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	640	560	85	3.0	5.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	875	850	25	4.1	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	955	920	40	4.4	8.6	0.4
48. Precision production	590	545	40	2.7	5.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	280	150	130	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	235	125	110	1.1	1.2	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	1,980	330	1,650	9.2	3.1	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,860	255	1,605	8.6	2.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465	770	695	6.8	7.2	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	745	155	590	3.5	1.4	5.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	245	45	1.4	2.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	365	60	1.9	3.4	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	21,540	10,730	10,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,885	4,640	4,240	41.2	43.2	39.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,655	6,095	6,570	58.8	56.8	60.8
Location of study inside Canada	12,180	5,810	6,365	56.5	54.1	58.9
Same as province or territory of residence	11,945	5,685	6,265	55.5	53.0	58.0
Different than province or territory of residence	230	125	105	1.1	1.2	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	480	280	195	2.2	2.6	1.8
Americas	145	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	125	90	35	0.6	0.8	0.3
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	75	60	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	115	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	95	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	34,960	17,125	17,835	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,460	10,740	9,725	...	...	...
Employed	19,075	9,980	9,090	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,385	755	625	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,500	6,390	8,115	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.7	54.5	58.5	62.7	54.5
Employment rate	54.6	58.3	51.0	54.6	58.3	51.0
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.0	6.4	6.8	7.0	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	34,960	17,125	17,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,245	6,370	7,875	40.7	37.2	44.2
Worked	20,720	10,755	9,960	59.3	62.8	55.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,990	6,085	4,915	31.4	35.5	27.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,720	4,675	5,050	27.8	27.3	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.5	41.3	41.9	42.5	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,460	10,735	9,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	415	215	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,045	10,525	9,520	98.0	98.0	97.9
Employee	18,120	9,430	8,695	88.6	87.8	89.5
Permanent position	15,710	8,265	7,440	76.8	77.0	76.5
Temporary position	2,415	1,160	1,250	11.8	10.8	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	810	325	485	4.0	3.0	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,605	835	770	7.8	7.8	7.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,925	1,095	830	9.4	10.2	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,460	10,735	9,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	415	215	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,045	10,525	9,520	98.0	98.0	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	250	195	55	1.2	1.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,820	800	2,020	13.8	7.5	20.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	905	675	225	4.4	6.3	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,955	330	1,630	9.6	3.1	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,420	710	1,710	11.8	6.6	17.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	360	170	190	1.8	1.6	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	4,910	2,015	2,895	24.0	18.8	29.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,695	4,345	355	22.9	40.5	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	295	220	70	1.4	2.0	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,435	1,070	370	7.0	10.0	3.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,460	10,735	9,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	415	215	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	20,045	10,525	9,520	98.0	98.0	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	165	95	1.3	1.5	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	210	170	40	1.0	1.6	0.4
23 Construction	1,750	1,615	135	8.6	15.0	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,825	2,085	745	13.8	19.4	7.7
41 Wholesale trade	625	440	180	3.1	4.1	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	2,615	1,195	1,410	12.8	11.1	14.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,335	1,035	300	6.5	9.6	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	155	105	50	0.8	1.0	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	455	135	320	2.2	1.3	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	205	125	80	1.0	1.2	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	775	375	395	3.8	3.5	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	750	490	260	3.7	4.6	2.7
61 Educational services	1,310	415	895	6.4	3.9	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	3,625	605	3,020	17.7	5.6	31.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	180	115	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	990	380	615	4.8	3.5	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,005	490	515	4.9	4.6	5.3
91 Public administration	935	555	380	4.6	5.2	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,985	11,410	10,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	450	250	200	2.0	2.2	1.9
French	16,830	8,685	8,140	76.6	76.1	77.0
Non-official language	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,595	2,415	2,185	20.9	21.2	20.7
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,985	11,410	10,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,245	10,985	10,260	96.6	96.3	97.0
Official languages	21,185	10,965	10,225	96.4	96.1	96.7
English	950	510	440	4.3	4.5	4.2
French	20,235	10,450	9,780	92.0	91.6	92.5
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	745	425	320	3.4	3.7	3.0
English and French	740	425	310	3.4	3.7	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,985	11,410	10,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,035	9,365	8,670	82.0	82.1	82.0
English	3,395	1,755	1,640	15.4	15.4	15.5
French	500	255	245	2.3	2.2	2.3
Non-official language	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,075	9,985	9,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,785	780	1,000	9.4	7.8	11.0
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,325	1,780	550	12.2	17.8	6.1
Usual place of work	14,945	7,405	7,540	78.3	74.2	82.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,945	7,410	7,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,725	3,995	4,730	58.4	53.9	62.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	705	365	340	4.7	4.9	4.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,465	3,030	2,435	36.6	40.9	32.3
Commute to a different province or territory	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,275	9,190	8,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,055	8,640	7,415	92.9	94.0	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,245	8,270	6,975	88.2	90.0	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	805	370	435	4.7	4.0	5.4
Public transit	85	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Walked	780	310	470	4.5	3.4	5.8
Bicycle	135	105	35	0.8	1.1	0.4
Other method	210	85	125	1.2	0.9	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,275	9,190	8,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,660	3,535	4,125	44.3	38.5	51.0
15 to 29 minutes	5,100	2,805	2,295	29.5	30.5	28.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,455	1,425	1,025	14.2	15.5	12.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,210	790	415	7.0	8.6	5.1
60 minutes and over	845	620	225	4.9	6.7	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,275	9,190	8,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,615	1,280	340	9.3	13.9	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,275	2,160	1,115	19.0	23.5	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,055	2,475	2,580	29.3	26.9	31.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,965	1,075	1,885	17.2	11.7	23.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,345	465	875	7.8	5.1	10.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,020	1,730	1,295	17.5	18.8	16.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,360	3,775	3,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	975	490	485	13.2	13.0	13.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,385	3,280	3,100	86.8	86.9	86.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,115	2,640	2,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	665	335	325	13.0	12.7	13.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	265	265	10.3	10.0	10.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	70	60	2.6	2.7	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,450	2,305	2,145	87.0	87.3	86.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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