Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Salaberry--SuroîtMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	119,351	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	112,826	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	56,366	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	53,010	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	55.8	...	...	55.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,140.09	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,350	59,525	59,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,620	10,110	9,515	16.4	17.0	15.9
0 to 4 years	6,385	3,290	3,090	5.3	5.5	5.2
5 to 9 years	6,810	3,500	3,310	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,430	3,315	3,110	5.4	5.6	5.2
15 to 64 years	73,355	36,885	36,465	61.5	62.0	60.9
15 to 19 years	5,340	2,760	2,585	4.5	4.6	4.3
20 to 24 years	5,450	2,795	2,650	4.6	4.7	4.4
25 to 29 years	7,405	3,735	3,670	6.2	6.3	6.1
30 to 34 years	7,545	3,795	3,750	6.3	6.4	6.3
35 to 39 years	6,995	3,580	3,420	5.9	6.0	5.7
40 to 44 years	7,230	3,625	3,605	6.1	6.1	6.0
45 to 49 years	6,590	3,320	3,265	5.5	5.6	5.5
50 to 54 years	7,385	3,720	3,665	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	9,420	4,640	4,785	7.9	7.8	8.0
60 to 64 years	9,990	4,915	5,075	8.4	8.3	8.5
65 years and over	26,380	12,530	13,845	22.1	21.0	23.1
65 to 69 years	8,455	4,280	4,180	7.1	7.2	7.0
70 to 74 years	7,080	3,470	3,610	5.9	5.8	6.0
75 to 79 years	5,230	2,495	2,735	4.4	4.2	4.6
80 to 84 years	2,910	1,320	1,585	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,700	960	1,740	2.3	1.6	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,665	655	1,010	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	810	265	550	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	195	40	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.0	15.9	16.4	17.0	15.9
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.0	60.9	61.5	62.0	60.9
65 years and over	22.1	21.0	23.1	22.1	21.0	23.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	43.7	42.9	44.5	43.7	42.9	44.5
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.0	45.2	44.0	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,625	...	...	61.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,735	...	...	5.2	...	...
Row house	920	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,285	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,880	...	...	22.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,630	...	...	33.3	...	...
2 persons	19,885	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 persons	6,895	...	...	13.0	...	...
4 persons	5,605	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,995	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,895	58,545	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,730	49,415	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,935	28,950	28,980	58.1	58.6	57.6
Married	29,950	15,000	14,950	30.0	30.4	29.7
Living common-law	27,980	13,950	14,030	28.1	28.2	27.9
Living common law - Never married	22,435	11,150	11,285	22.5	22.6	22.4
Living common law - Separated	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,580	2,340	2,245	4.6	4.7	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	640	295	350	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	41,795	20,465	21,335	41.9	41.4	42.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,295	15,085	12,205	27.4	30.5	24.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,425	715	705	1.4	1.4	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,300	3,170	4,125	7.3	6.4	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,785	1,485	4,300	5.8	3.0	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,930	...	...	58.3	...	...
3 persons	6,545	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	5,300	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,420	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,525	...	...	83.4	...	...
Married couples	14,540	...	...	42.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,970	...	...	14.5	...	...
Without children	9,570	...	...	28.0	...	...
Common-law couples	13,985	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,120	...	...	20.8	...	...
Without children	6,860	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,665	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,985	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,680	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,900	58,545	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,625	46,675	46,945	80.1	79.7	80.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,045	28,460	28,590	48.8	48.6	49.0
Parents in one-parent families	5,665	1,680	3,990	4.8	2.9	6.8
Children⁶	30,910	16,540	14,370	26.4	28.3	24.6
In a two-parent family	22,325	11,765	10,560	19.1	20.1	18.1
In a one-parent family	8,585	4,775	3,805	7.3	8.2	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,275	11,865	11,405	19.9	20.3	19.5
Living alone	17,630	8,825	8,810	15.1	15.1	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,270	1,055	1,215	1.9	1.8	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,375	1,990	1,385	2.9	3.4	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,600	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	26,805	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,335	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	15,470	...	...	29.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,790	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	750	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,170	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,675	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	17,630	...	...	33.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,300	48,450	48,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,375	47,535	47,840	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	34,800	39,600	44,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,430	47,560	47,870	98.1	98.2	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	31,600	35,200	38,800	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,270	43,065	41,205	86.6	88.9	84.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	26,000	32,400	39,200	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,770	35,920	31,855	69.7	74.1	65.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	30,000	34,800	40,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,480	38,410	42,070	82.7	79.3	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,800	12,900	12,000	10,800	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,685	6,900	5,790	13.0	14.2	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,680	5,480	5,560	5,680	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,430	13,310	12,120	26.1	27.5	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,290	48,490	48,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,395	47,590	47,815	98.1	98.1	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,040	52,100	39,960	46,040	52,100	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,460	47,615	47,850	98.1	98.2	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,560	42,480	34,640	38,560	42,480	34,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,180	43,070	41,110	86.5	88.8	84.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,880	46,960	32,480	39,880	46,960	32,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,655	35,970	31,685	69.5	74.2	64.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	45,800	34,800	40,640	45,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,495	38,505	41,995	82.7	79.4	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,840	11,880	13,700	12,840	11,880	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,410	6,915	5,505	12.8	14.3	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,440	7,230	6,790	6,440	7,230
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,485	13,270	12,215	26.2	27.4	25.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760	7,340	8,210	7,760	7,340	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,285	48,490	48,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,810	18,330	14,485	33.7	37.8	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	58,000	47,600	52,800	58,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,500	63,700	51,900	58,500	63,700	51,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,310	12,575	13,740	27.0	25.9	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,000	17,800	20,800	26,000	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,840	33,480	22,640	27,840	33,480	22,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.6	69.8	76.4	81.6	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	66.4	57.7	62.6	66.4	57.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.5	18.4	30.2	23.5	18.4	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.5	6.4	5.4	4.5	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.9	5.3	4.5	3.9	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,305	48,450	48,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,930	915	1,015	2.0	1.9	2.1
With total income	95,375	47,535	47,835	98.0	98.1	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,880	2,495	3,390	6.2	5.2	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,065	4,750	7,315	12.7	10.0	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,680	7,160	9,515	17.5	15.1	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,630	6,245	7,385	14.3	13.1	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,110	6,570	6,545	13.7	13.8	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,215	5,340	4,875	10.7	11.2	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,140	4,070	3,065	7.5	8.6	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,100	3,170	1,925	5.3	6.7	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,780	2,370	1,410	4.0	5.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	1,700	915	2.7	3.6	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,165	3,660	1,500	5.4	7.7	3.1
$100,000 to $149,999	4,090	2,860	1,230	4.3	6.0	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,070	800	265	1.1	1.7	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,305	48,450	48,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,870	885	985	1.9	1.8	2.0
With after-tax income	95,430	47,560	47,870	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,385	2,640	3,745	6.7	5.6	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,710	5,075	7,640	13.3	10.7	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	19,580	8,465	11,115	20.5	17.8	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	17,370	8,655	8,715	18.2	18.2	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	15,035	7,865	7,170	15.8	16.5	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,790	5,595	4,190	10.3	11.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,230	3,800	2,430	6.5	8.0	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,865	2,395	1,475	4.1	5.0	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,910	1,245	670	2.0	2.6	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,025	700	320	1.1	1.5	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,525	1,125	405	1.6	2.4	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	945	700	245	1.0	1.5	0.5
$125,000 and over	585	425	160	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,305	48,450	48,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,535	12,535	16,995	30.4	25.9	34.8
With employment income	67,770	35,915	31,855	69.6	74.1	65.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,385	5,195	4,190	13.8	14.5	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,000	2,150	2,845	7.4	6.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,265	3,530	4,735	12.2	9.8	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,460	3,270	4,185	11.0	9.1	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,700	3,750	3,950	11.4	10.4	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,555	3,865	3,685	11.1	10.8	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,075	3,340	2,735	9.0	9.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,455	2,760	1,700	6.6	7.7	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,440	2,225	1,210	5.1	6.2	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,825	1,110	4.3	5.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,830	1,305	525	2.7	3.6	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,675	2,690	980	5.4	7.5	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,195	1,570	630	3.2	4.4	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,475	1,125	355	2.2	3.1	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,300	48,450	48,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,125	46,855	47,270	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	31,800	37,200	42,800	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,170	46,860	47,310	96.8	96.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,000	33,200	37,200	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,115	42,480	40,640	85.4	87.7	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	27,000	33,200	40,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,130	35,910	32,220	70.0	74.1	66.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	29,800	35,200	40,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,875	34,715	39,150	75.9	71.7	80.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,900	10,000	9,000	7,900	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,100	6,700	5,400	12.4	13.8	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,520	4,800	4,680	4,520	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,290	48,490	48,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,045	46,875	47,170	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,440	36,840	43,600	50,440	36,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,095	46,880	47,215	96.7	96.7	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,520	41,120	31,920	36,520	41,120	31,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,995	42,540	40,450	85.3	87.7	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,320	48,040	32,240	40,320	48,040	32,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,005	35,910	32,095	69.9	74.1	65.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	46,920	33,880	40,760	46,920	33,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,830	34,655	39,170	75.9	71.5	80.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,240	11,050	10,200	9,240	11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,165	6,710	5,460	12.5	13.8	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,595	7,680	6,530	5,595	7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,285	48,490	48,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,670	18,225	14,450	33.6	37.6	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	56,000	43,600	49,600	56,000	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,450	61,850	47,320	55,450	61,850	47,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,050	11,980	13,070	25.7	24.7	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	32,400	20,800	25,400	32,400	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	39,160	25,520	32,040	39,160	25,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	86.4	75.0	81.6	86.4	75.0
Employment income (%)	67.6	71.2	62.6	67.6	71.2	62.6
Government transfers (%)	18.4	13.6	24.9	18.4	13.6	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.4	1.9	1.6	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,840	...	...	43,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,960	...	...	36,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	730	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,270	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,135	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,065	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,580	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,755	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,555	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,695	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,110	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,810	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,530	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,120	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,920	...	...	30.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,090	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,950	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,950	...	...	7.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,930	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	775	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,230	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,470	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,650	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,560	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,180	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,200	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,005	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,740	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,460	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,720	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,210	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,775	...	...	20.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,435	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,890	...	...	5.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,450	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,005	10,810	10,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	39,600	32,000	35,600	39,600	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,800	29,600	32,000	34,800	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,300	...	...	71,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,250	...	...	62,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,035	10,830	10,205	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,600	46,120	38,840	42,600	46,120	38,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,080	38,120	33,880	36,080	38,120	33,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,895	58,545	58,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,850	11,735	11,115	19.5	20.0	19.0
0 to 5 years	7,750	4,000	3,750	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years	69,455	34,885	34,570	59.4	59.6	59.2
65 years and over	24,590	11,925	12,670	21.0	20.4	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,965	6,485	7,480	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,345	1,180	1,170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	850	430	420	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,675	3,345	3,330	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,940	1,960	2,980	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.1	12.8	11.9	11.1	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.0	10.5	10.3	10.0	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	11.0	10.8	11.1	11.0	10.8	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6
65 years and over (%)	20.1	16.4	23.5	20.1	16.4	23.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,895	58,545	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,850	11,735	11,115	19.5	20.0	19.0
0 to 5 years	7,750	3,995	3,755	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years	69,450	34,880	34,570	59.4	59.6	59.2
65 years and over	24,595	11,925	12,665	21.0	20.4	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,590	1,895	1,700	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	440	225	215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,765	1,490	1,270	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	175	210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.2	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.3	3.7	4.0	4.3	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,900	58,540	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	71,035	34,880	36,150	60.8	59.6	61.9
In bottom decile	11,770	5,580	6,195	10.1	9.5	10.6
In second decile	14,735	6,955	7,780	12.6	11.9	13.3
In third decile	15,350	7,535	7,820	13.1	12.9	13.4
In fourth decile	14,800	7,460	7,345	12.7	12.7	12.6
In fifth decile	14,375	7,360	7,015	12.3	12.6	12.0
In top half of the distribution	45,860	23,660	22,200	39.2	40.4	38.0
In sixth decile	13,250	6,805	6,450	11.3	11.6	11.1
In seventh decile	11,490	5,865	5,625	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	9,995	5,195	4,805	8.6	8.9	8.2
In ninth decile	7,285	3,785	3,495	6.2	6.5	6.0
In top decile	3,835	2,005	1,830	3.3	3.4	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,895	...	...	116,895	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.245	...	...	0.245	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,415	59,170	59,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,145	2,100	2,045	3.5	3.5	3.5
French only	60,280	28,865	31,420	50.9	48.8	53.0
English and French	53,785	28,085	25,695	45.4	47.5	43.4
Neither English nor French	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,415	59,170	59,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,970	6,575	6,390	11.0	11.1	10.8
French	103,870	51,760	52,110	87.7	87.5	88.0
English and French	1,395	725	675	1.2	1.2	1.1
Neither English nor French	180	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,415	59,170	59,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,345	57,600	57,745	97.4	97.3	97.5
Official languages	112,560	56,155	56,405	95.1	94.9	95.2
English	11,310	5,740	5,575	9.6	9.7	9.4
French	101,250	50,415	50,830	85.5	85.2	85.8
Non-official languages	2,785	1,445	1,345	2.4	2.4	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,775	1,440	1,335	2.3	2.4	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	310	180	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	160	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,870	975	895	1.6	1.6	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	295	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,090	580	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	695	375	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,070	1,575	1,495	2.6	2.7	2.5
English and French	2,565	1,290	1,275	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,415	59,170	59,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,150	5,185	4,970	8.6	8.8	8.4
French	97,315	48,375	48,940	82.2	81.8	82.6
Non-official language	645	340	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	635	340	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	8,080	4,135	3,950	6.8	7.0	6.7
English and non-official language(s)	480	250	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	830	425	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	880	450	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,415	59,170	59,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,640	57,770	57,875	97.7	97.6	97.7
Official languages	114,440	57,130	57,315	96.6	96.6	96.7
English	12,440	6,300	6,140	10.5	10.6	10.4
French	102,005	50,830	51,175	86.1	85.9	86.4
Non-official languages	1,195	635	560	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,190	635	550	1.0	1.1	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	820	445	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	500	285	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	390	225	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,775	1,405	1,375	2.3	2.4	2.3
English and French	2,260	1,135	1,130	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	265	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,415	59,175	59,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	110,640	55,175	55,465	93.4	93.2	93.6
English	4,230	2,235	1,995	3.6	3.8	3.4
French	2,125	1,050	1,075	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official language	765	370	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	740	360	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	280	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	116,710	58,490	58,225	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	57,690	30,275	27,410	49.3	51.7	47.0
French	112,425	56,270	56,150	96.2	96.0	96.3
Non-official languages	6,175	3,110	3,065	5.3	5.3	5.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,110	3,080	3,035	5.2	5.3	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	585	325	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	555	315	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	295	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,535	2,255	2,280	3.9	3.8	3.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	405	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	405	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	580	325	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	475	270	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	445	250	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	170	125	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,460	1,630	1,830	3.0	2.8	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	505	285	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,820	1,285	1,540	2.4	2.2	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,435	1,200	1,235	2.1	2.0	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,265	1,085	1,180	1.9	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,450	725	720	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	755	340	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	114,485	57,410	57,070	97.9	98.0	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	510	300	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,410	58,310	58,095	99.6	99.5	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,310	...	...	66.6	...	...
Renter	17,695	...	...	33.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,945	...	...	7.4	...	...
Not condominium	49,070	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	6,075	...	...	11.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,995	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,150	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,685	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,635	...	...	29.5	...	...
5 rooms	9,690	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,135	...	...	13.5	...	...
7 rooms	6,600	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,945	...	...	26.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,825	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,965	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,050	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,715	...	...	27.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,290	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,110	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,470	...	...	8.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,340	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,265	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,365	...	...	6.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,445	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,445	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,565	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,510	...	...	55.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,525	...	...	42.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	975	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,365	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,430	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,190	...	...	15.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,390	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,455	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,660	...	...	18.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,210	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,320	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,495	...	...	85.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,540	...	...	14.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,120	...	...	13.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,400	...	...	21.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,885	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	895	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,875	...	...	5.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	595	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,615	...	...	78.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,580	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not in core need	49,035	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,530	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.6	...	...	63.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,068	...	...	1,068	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	319,200	...	...	319,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	792	...	...	792	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,010	965	1,040	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,960	950	1,015	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,660	825	840	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis single ancestry	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,545	1,640	1,905	3.0	2.8	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,525	1,630	1,890	3.0	2.8	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,270	1,515	1,755	2.8	2.6	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,365	56,005	55,360	95.3	95.6	94.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,915	58,615	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,505	57,885	57,620	98.8	98.8	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,615	11,605	11,005	19.3	19.8	18.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	92,890	46,275	46,615	79.5	78.9	80.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,415	725	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,915	58,615	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,395	56,215	56,180	96.1	95.9	96.4
Immigrants⁸¹	4,160	2,125	2,035	3.6	3.6	3.5
Before 1980	1,200	635	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
1980 to 1990	510	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	570	365	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
2001 to 2010	905	435	470	0.8	0.7	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	970	455	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
2011 to 2015	505	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	460	195	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	360	270	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,160	2,120	2,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	470	265	200	11.3	12.5	9.8
5 to 14 years	775	430	345	18.6	20.3	16.9
15 to 24 years	835	395	440	20.1	18.6	21.6
25 to 44 years	1,755	890	865	42.2	42.0	42.4
45 years and over	330	140	185	7.9	6.6	9.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,160	2,120	2,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	975	390	580	23.4	18.4	28.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Colombia	110	40	70	2.6	1.9	3.4
El Salvador	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	35	40	1.7	1.7	2.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	140	65	75	3.4	3.1	3.7
Peru	55	20	30	1.3	0.9	1.5
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
United States of America	320	105	215	7.7	5.0	10.5
Other places of birth in Americas	210	100	115	5.0	4.7	5.6
Europe	1,850	1,025	825	44.5	48.3	40.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	630	380	255	15.1	17.9	12.5
Germany	100	60	45	2.4	2.8	2.2
Greece	35	25	15	0.8	1.2	0.7
Hungary	30	30	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Italy	130	95	35	3.1	4.5	1.7
Netherlands	40	20	25	1.0	0.9	1.2
Poland	40	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.2
Portugal	50	25	25	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romania	90	55	35	2.2	2.6	1.7
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	180	90	85	4.3	4.2	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	450	215	235	10.8	10.1	11.5
Africa	700	360	335	16.8	17.0	16.4
Algeria	110	50	60	2.6	2.4	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Egypt	65	40	20	1.6	1.9	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	165	80	80	4.0	3.8	3.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	330	175	160	7.9	8.3	7.8
Asia	640	340	295	15.4	16.0	14.5
Afghanistan	25	15	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	25	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Turkey	40	25	20	1.0	1.2	1.0
China⁹⁰	60	35	25	1.4	1.7	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	20	65	2.0	0.9	3.2
Viet Nam	70	35	35	1.7	1.7	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Pakistan	35	25	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	185	100	85	4.4	4.7	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	465	195	270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	110	35	75	23.7	17.9	27.8
Brazil	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	3.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	15	3.2	0.0	5.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	3.2	0.0	3.7
United States of America	15	10	0	3.2	5.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	15	30	9.7	7.7	11.1
Europe	95	55	40	20.4	28.2	14.8
France	65	40	25	14.0	20.5	9.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	2.2	5.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	10	5.4	5.1	3.7
Africa	145	65	80	31.2	33.3	29.6
Algeria	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	25	0	15	5.4	0.0	5.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	2.2	5.1	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	15	5.4	7.7	5.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	4.3	5.1	5.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	2.2	5.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	15	25	9.7	7.7	9.3
Asia	115	40	75	24.7	20.5	27.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	0	3.2	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	15	5.4	5.1	5.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	10	25	6.5	5.1	9.3
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	20	5.4	5.1	7.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,875	2,575	2,300	4.2	4.4	3.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,020	3,055	2,965	5.1	5.2	5.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	106,020	52,980	53,040	90.7	90.4	91.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,955	1,490	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,475	865	615	49.9	58.1	42.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	715	505	215	24.2	33.9	14.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	760	360	400	25.7	24.2	27.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,120	435	685	37.9	29.2	46.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	330	180	150	11.2	12.1	10.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,955	1,490	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	265	150	115	9.0	10.1	7.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	375	220	160	12.7	14.8	10.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	20	1.5	1.7	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	105	55	5.4	7.0	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	25	1.4	0.7	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,065	980	1,090	69.9	65.8	74.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,280	1,755	1,530	2.8	3.0	2.6
South Asian	235	160	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Chinese	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	1,115	595	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
Filipino	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab	430	255	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	685	360	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	113,635	56,855	56,775	97.2	97.0	97.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,915	58,610	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	44,640	21,900	22,740	38.2	37.4	39.0
English	4,130	2,050	2,080	3.5	3.5	3.6
Irish	8,340	3,915	4,430	7.1	6.7	7.6
Scottish	5,130	2,505	2,630	4.4	4.3	4.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,015	14,210	13,810	24.0	24.2	23.7
German	2,405	1,235	1,170	2.1	2.1	2.0
Chinese	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	2,610	1,350	1,260	2.2	2.3	2.2
Indian (India)	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	685	335	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Polish	535	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	16,645	8,485	8,160	14.2	14.5	14.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	640	305	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Filipino	185	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	9,000	4,435	4,565	7.7	7.6	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,375	1,225	1,145	2.0	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,740	1,250	1,490	2.3	2.1	2.6
Métis	535	235	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,210	685	525	1.0	1.2	0.9
Russian	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	790	350	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Spanish	645	310	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,525	665	860	1.3	1.1	1.5
Pakistani	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	275	160	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	180	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,510	760	750	1.3	1.3	1.3
Danish	70	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belgian	870	390	480	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	305	145	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	435	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	300	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	245	150	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	310	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	105	80	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	300	145	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moldovan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	145	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	150	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,915	58,610	58,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	83,425	40,905	42,525	71.4	69.8	72.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,100	2,645	2,455	4.4	4.5	4.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	785	370	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baptist	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	73,235	35,815	37,420	62.6	61.1	64.2
Christian Orthodox	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	470	210	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	595	310	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	830	355	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,375	660	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hindu	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jewish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	785	440	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	285	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	32,110	17,010	15,100	27.5	29.0	25.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,655	57,890	57,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	102,065	51,205	50,860	88.2	88.5	88.0
Movers	13,595	6,680	6,910	11.8	11.5	12.0
Non-migrants	5,455	2,630	2,825	4.7	4.5	4.9
Migrants	8,140	4,055	4,090	7.0	7.0	7.1
Internal migrants	7,970	3,950	4,025	6.9	6.8	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,700	3,810	3,885	6.7	6.6	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	165	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,485	55,260	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,730	33,995	32,740	60.4	61.5	59.3
Movers	43,755	21,265	22,490	39.6	38.5	40.7
Non-migrants	13,790	6,635	7,155	12.5	12.0	13.0
Migrants	29,965	14,630	15,335	27.1	26.5	27.8
Internal migrants	29,325	14,265	15,055	26.5	25.8	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	28,545	13,900	14,640	25.8	25.2	26.5
Interprovincial migrants	780	365	415	0.7	0.7	0.8
External migrants	640	360	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,285	48,490	48,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,000	14,580	11,420	26.7	30.1	23.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,290	33,915	37,370	73.3	69.9	76.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,935	30,910	31,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,860	7,745	5,115	20.8	25.1	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,075	23,170	25,910	79.2	75.0	83.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,290	48,495	48,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,760	12,395	10,365	23.4	25.6	21.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,335	11,810	12,530	25.0	24.4	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,190	24,285	25,900	51.6	50.1	53.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,675	20,120	19,555	40.8	41.5	40.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,235	12,840	8,395	21.8	26.5	17.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,555	8,320	7,235	16.0	17.2	14.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,680	4,520	1,160	5.8	9.3	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,970	6,340	9,630	16.4	13.1	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,470	940	1,530	2.5	1.9	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,515	4,175	6,345	10.8	8.6	13.0
Bachelor's degree	7,505	2,760	4,745	7.7	5.7	9.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,045	435	610	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	125	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	1,560	745	815	1.6	1.5	1.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,935	30,910	31,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,635	6,285	4,355	17.2	20.3	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,690	6,915	6,775	22.1	22.4	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,610	17,710	19,900	60.7	57.3	64.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,790	14,965	14,825	48.1	48.4	47.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,415	9,685	6,725	26.5	31.3	21.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,095	6,270	5,830	19.5	20.3	18.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,315	3,420	890	7.0	11.1	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,665	4,610	7,055	18.8	14.9	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,715	665	1,055	2.8	2.2	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,815	2,750	5,070	12.6	8.9	16.3
Bachelor's degree	5,765	1,925	3,840	9.3	6.2	12.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	265	450	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,095	450	650	1.8	1.5	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,285	48,495	48,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,095	24,205	22,890	48.4	49.9	46.9
Education	3,895	855	3,045	4.0	1.8	6.2
13. Education	3,895	855	3,045	4.0	1.8	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	450	820	1.3	0.9	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	140	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	310	760	1.1	0.6	1.6
Humanities	2,035	805	1,235	2.1	1.7	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	20	140	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,215	455	760	1.2	0.9	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	130	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,555	875	2,675	3.7	1.8	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	65	180	0.3	0.1	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,235	95	1,140	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	575	185	395	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	550	110	440	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	835	395	440	0.9	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	9,585	2,720	6,865	9.9	5.6	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	510	95	415	0.5	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,060	2,625	6,440	9.3	5.4	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,325	690	640	1.4	1.4	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	95	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	470	320	150	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,230	750	485	1.3	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,070	695	380	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	95	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,195	12,295	900	13.6	25.4	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	240	145	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	845	735	110	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,465	2,180	290	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,410	3,305	105	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,830	3,660	170	3.9	7.5	0.3
48. Precision production	2,400	2,280	125	2.5	4.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,940	1,120	825	2.0	2.3	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,750	990	760	1.8	2.0	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	130	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,875	1,000	5,870	7.1	2.1	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	175	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,480	785	5,700	6.7	1.6	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,265	2,720	2,545	5.4	5.6	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,730	590	2,145	2.8	1.2	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	905	720	190	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,580	1,375	205	1.6	2.8	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,935	30,910	31,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,325	13,195	11,130	39.3	42.7	35.9
Education	2,605	500	2,105	4.2	1.6	6.8
13. Education	2,605	500	2,105	4.2	1.6	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	955	310	645	1.5	1.0	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	95	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	805	215	590	1.3	0.7	1.9
Humanities	1,185	420	765	1.9	1.4	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	700	240	460	1.1	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,750	560	2,185	4.4	1.8	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	40	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	60	995	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	420	105	310	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	420	60	360	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	600	270	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,330	1,975	5,360	11.8	6.4	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	65	330	0.6	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,930	1,900	5,025	11.2	6.1	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	815	395	420	1.3	1.3	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	60	155	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	345	215	125	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	980	610	365	1.6	2.0	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	875	580	295	1.4	1.9	1.0
25. Library science	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,065	9,240	820	16.3	29.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	180	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	670	575	100	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,915	1,660	260	3.1	5.4	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,605	2,505	100	4.2	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,955	2,795	160	4.8	9.0	0.5
48. Precision production	1,735	1,605	125	2.8	5.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	840	665	2.4	2.7	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,340	735	605	2.2	2.4	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	105	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,305	750	4,555	8.6	2.4	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,025	615	4,415	8.1	2.0	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,110	2,105	2,005	6.6	6.8	6.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,120	440	1,685	3.4	1.4	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	715	580	140	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,245	1,070	175	2.0	3.5	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,935	30,910	31,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,325	13,195	11,130	39.3	42.7	35.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,615	17,715	19,900	60.7	57.3	64.1
Location of study inside Canada	36,310	16,975	19,330	58.6	54.9	62.3
Same as province or territory of residence	35,125	16,375	18,750	56.7	53.0	60.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,185	605	580	1.9	2.0	1.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,300	740	565	2.1	2.4	1.8
Americas	355	180	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	500	320	185	0.8	1.0	0.6
Belgium	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	275	200	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
Germany	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	190	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,290	48,495	48,795	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,760	31,985	28,770	...	...	...
Employed	57,165	30,020	27,145	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,595	1,965	1,635	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,525	16,510	20,020	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.5	66.0	59.0	62.5	66.0	59.0
Employment rate	58.8	61.9	55.6	58.8	61.9	55.6
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,290	48,495	48,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,020	16,370	19,650	37.0	33.8	40.3
Worked	61,265	32,125	29,140	63.0	66.2	59.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,630	18,850	14,780	34.6	38.9	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,635	13,275	14,365	28.4	27.4	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.9	41.6	42.2	42.9	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,760	31,985	28,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,050	550	500	1.7	1.7	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,710	31,435	28,270	98.3	98.3	98.2
Employee	52,005	26,655	25,350	85.6	83.3	88.1
Permanent position	44,995	23,385	21,605	74.1	73.1	75.1
Temporary position	7,015	3,270	3,745	11.5	10.2	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,110	805	1,310	3.5	2.5	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,905	2,465	2,440	8.1	7.7	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,705	4,780	2,920	12.7	14.9	10.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,760	31,985	28,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,050	550	500	1.7	1.7	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,710	31,435	28,270	98.3	98.3	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	935	665	270	1.5	2.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,495	2,160	6,335	14.0	6.8	22.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,865	2,115	750	4.7	6.6	2.6
3 Health occupations	4,965	705	4,255	8.2	2.2	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,850	1,655	5,195	11.3	5.2	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,100	460	640	1.8	1.4	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,930	5,870	8,060	22.9	18.4	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,290	13,155	1,140	23.5	41.1	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,470	1,845	625	4.1	5.8	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,805	2,810	1,000	6.3	8.8	3.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,760	31,985	28,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,050	550	500	1.7	1.7	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	59,710	31,435	28,270	98.3	98.3	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,765	870	4.3	5.5	3.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	280	245	35	0.5	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	680	560	115	1.1	1.8	0.4
23 Construction	5,900	5,195	705	9.7	16.2	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	7,310	5,275	2,035	12.0	16.5	7.1
41 Wholesale trade	2,235	1,580	650	3.7	4.9	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	7,370	3,330	4,040	12.1	10.4	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,075	2,995	1,085	6.7	9.4	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	515	335	180	0.8	1.0	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,295	375	925	2.1	1.2	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	525	305	220	0.9	1.0	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,500	1,095	1,405	4.1	3.4	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,390	1,500	890	3.9	4.7	3.1
61 Educational services	3,960	1,045	2,915	6.5	3.3	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	8,950	1,305	7,645	14.7	4.1	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	725	415	310	1.2	1.3	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,595	1,020	1,575	4.3	3.2	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,135	1,635	1,500	5.2	5.1	5.2
91 Public administration	2,585	1,445	1,135	4.3	4.5	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,000	33,970	31,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,475	2,005	1,470	5.3	5.9	4.7
French	44,060	23,040	21,015	67.8	67.8	67.7
Non-official language	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	17,010	8,695	8,305	26.2	25.6	26.8
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,000	33,970	31,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,550	32,205	29,345	94.7	94.8	94.6
Official languages	61,410	32,110	29,295	94.5	94.5	94.4
English	6,425	3,510	2,915	9.9	10.3	9.4
French	54,985	28,600	26,380	84.6	84.2	85.0
Non-official languages	140	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,450	1,770	1,680	5.3	5.2	5.4
English and French	3,425	1,760	1,665	5.3	5.2	5.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,000	33,970	31,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,995	26,825	24,170	78.5	79.0	77.9
English	10,780	5,495	5,285	16.6	16.2	17.0
French	2,905	1,505	1,405	4.5	4.4	4.5
Non-official language	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,165	30,025	27,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,230	3,470	3,755	12.6	11.6	13.8
Worked outside Canada	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,520	5,760	1,755	13.2	19.2	6.5
Usual place of work	42,315	20,715	21,600	74.0	69.0	79.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,315	20,715	21,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,960	6,375	7,590	33.0	30.8	35.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,340	4,260	5,080	22.1	20.6	23.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,735	9,930	8,805	44.3	47.9	40.8
Commute to a different province or territory	285	155	125	0.7	0.7	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,835	26,480	23,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,850	25,085	21,765	94.0	94.7	93.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,755	24,110	20,645	89.8	91.0	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,095	975	1,120	4.2	3.7	4.8
Public transit	340	160	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Walked	1,920	840	1,080	3.9	3.2	4.6
Bicycle	250	190	55	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	480	205	275	1.0	0.8	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,835	26,480	23,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,405	7,675	8,725	32.9	29.0	37.4
15 to 29 minutes	16,660	8,480	8,180	33.4	32.0	35.0
30 to 44 minutes	9,030	5,120	3,905	18.1	19.3	16.7
45 to 59 minutes	4,575	3,005	1,580	9.2	11.3	6.8
60 minutes and over	3,170	2,205	965	6.4	8.3	4.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,835	26,480	23,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,375	4,230	1,140	10.8	16.0	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,470	6,880	3,590	21.0	26.0	15.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,405	6,840	7,555	28.9	25.8	32.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,220	2,835	5,390	16.5	10.7	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,730	1,265	2,470	7.5	4.8	10.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,640	4,425	3,215	15.3	16.7	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,235	11,955	11,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,495	2,360	2,135	19.3	19.7	18.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,740	9,595	9,145	80.7	80.3	81.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,370	8,405	7,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,170	1,665	1,510	19.4	19.8	19.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,490	1,300	1,190	15.2	15.5	14.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	680	365	320	4.2	4.3	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,195	6,735	6,460	80.6	80.1	81.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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