Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Maurice--ChamplainMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,995	56,110	55,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,195	8,300	7,895	14.5	14.8	14.1
0 to 4 years	5,080	2,595	2,490	4.5	4.6	4.5
5 to 9 years	5,535	2,850	2,685	4.9	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,580	2,860	2,715	5.0	5.1	4.9
15 to 64 years	64,840	32,940	31,905	57.9	58.7	57.1
15 to 19 years	4,755	2,475	2,285	4.2	4.4	4.1
20 to 24 years	4,335	2,245	2,085	3.9	4.0	3.7
25 to 29 years	5,220	2,710	2,510	4.7	4.8	4.5
30 to 34 years	5,685	2,870	2,815	5.1	5.1	5.0
35 to 39 years	6,030	3,040	2,990	5.4	5.4	5.3
40 to 44 years	6,370	3,275	3,095	5.7	5.8	5.5
45 to 49 years	5,655	2,905	2,750	5.0	5.2	4.9
50 to 54 years	6,305	3,140	3,160	5.6	5.6	5.7
55 to 59 years	9,280	4,660	4,625	8.3	8.3	8.3
60 to 64 years	11,200	5,620	5,580	10.0	10.0	10.0
65 years and over	30,955	14,870	16,090	27.6	26.5	28.8
65 to 69 years	10,100	5,160	4,940	9.0	9.2	8.8
70 to 74 years	8,065	4,100	3,965	7.2	7.3	7.1
75 to 79 years	5,685	2,830	2,860	5.1	5.0	5.1
80 to 84 years	3,465	1,550	1,925	3.1	2.8	3.4
85 years and over	3,645	1,235	2,405	3.3	2.2	4.3
85 to 89 years	2,200	830	1,370	2.0	1.5	2.5
90 to 94 years	1,105	330	775	1.0	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	310	70	240	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	14.8	14.1	14.5	14.8	14.1
15 to 64 years	57.9	58.7	57.1	57.9	58.7	57.1
65 years and over	27.6	26.5	28.8	27.6	26.5	28.8
85 years and over	3.3	2.2	4.3	3.3	2.2	4.3
Average age of the population	47.2	46.4	47.9	47.2	46.4	47.9
Median age of the population	51.6	50.4	52.4	51.6	50.4	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,085	...	...	63.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,645	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,185	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,270	...	...	22.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	530	...	...	1.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	20,715	...	...	38.7	...	...
2 persons	20,500	...	...	38.3	...	...
3 persons	5,540	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	4,245	...	...	7.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,465	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,145	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,800	47,805	47,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,725	27,330	27,395	57.1	57.2	57.1
Married	27,820	13,905	13,915	29.0	29.1	29.0
Living common-law	26,905	13,425	13,485	28.1	28.1	28.1
Living common law - Never married	21,185	10,560	10,630	22.1	22.1	22.1
Living common law - Separated	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,765	2,430	2,340	5.0	5.1	4.9
Living common law - Widowed	685	300	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	41,075	20,480	20,600	42.9	42.8	42.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,290	14,875	11,415	27.4	31.1	23.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,110	555	555	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,220	3,330	3,885	7.5	7.0	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,450	1,715	4,740	6.7	3.6	9.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,270	...	...	63.9	...	...
3 persons	5,375	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	4,110	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,990	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,920	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	13,465	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,265	...	...	10.3	...	...
Without children	10,200	...	...	32.1	...	...
Common-law couples	13,450	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,330	...	...	19.9	...	...
Without children	7,120	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,825	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,360	...	...	10.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,470	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,150	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,900	41,945	41,955	76.9	76.1	77.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,840	26,870	26,970	49.3	48.7	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,825	1,465	3,355	4.4	2.7	6.2
Children⁶	25,235	13,610	11,625	23.1	24.7	21.5
In a two-parent family	17,865	9,460	8,405	16.4	17.2	15.6
In a one-parent family	7,370	4,150	3,220	6.8	7.5	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,250	13,205	12,045	23.1	23.9	22.3
Living alone	20,715	10,810	9,905	19.0	19.6	18.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,100	985	1,115	1.9	1.8	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,430	1,410	1,025	2.2	2.6	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,935	...	...	56.0	...	...
Couple-family households	25,750	...	...	48.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,035	...	...	16.9	...	...
Without children	16,715	...	...	31.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,180	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	530	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	795	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,375	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	20,715	...	...	38.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,960	46,855	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,180	46,000	45,180	98.1	98.2	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,000	37,200	42,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,195	46,010	45,185	98.1	98.2	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,400	33,200	37,200	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,220	40,770	37,450	84.1	87.0	81.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	34,400	24,000	29,400	34,400	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,605	31,065	26,535	62.0	66.3	57.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	35,200	28,600	31,800	35,200	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,320	38,950	40,375	85.3	83.1	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	13,000	13,400	13,200	13,000	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,275	7,505	5,770	14.3	16.0	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,880	5,400	5,520	5,880	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,930	12,425	10,505	24.7	26.5	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,975	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,175	45,955	45,215	98.1	98.1	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,040	48,160	37,840	43,040	48,160	37,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,185	45,965	45,225	98.1	98.1	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,120	36,800	40,400	33,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,555	40,950	37,600	84.5	87.4	81.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,520	42,040	30,480	36,520	42,040	30,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,645	31,205	26,435	62.0	66.6	57.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,520	42,240	34,120	38,520	42,240	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,185	38,755	40,430	85.2	82.7	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,360	12,700	13,980	13,360	12,700	13,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,350	7,580	5,765	14.4	16.2	12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,710	7,050	6,860	6,710	7,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,100	12,540	10,565	24.8	26.8	22.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	7,390	8,220	7,770	7,390	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,975	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,770	14,230	11,540	27.7	30.4	25.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	56,400	46,800	51,200	56,400	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,650	62,500	51,750	57,650	62,500	51,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,175	12,290	11,885	26.0	26.2	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,600	16,400	19,000	22,600	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,480	30,400	22,420	26,480	30,400	22,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.0	77.8	67.0	73.0	77.8	67.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.6	59.5	52.7	56.6	59.5	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.0	22.2	33.0	27.0	22.2	33.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.9	6.4	5.6	4.9	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.2	5.1	4.6	4.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,960	46,855	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,785	850	930	1.9	1.8	2.0
With total income	91,180	46,000	45,180	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,060	2,405	3,660	6.6	5.2	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,825	4,975	7,850	14.1	10.8	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,305	7,795	9,505	19.0	17.0	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,320	6,425	6,895	14.6	14.0	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,780	6,840	5,945	14.0	14.9	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,500	5,335	4,160	10.4	11.6	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,065	3,570	2,495	6.7	7.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,190	2,645	1,550	4.6	5.7	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,970	1,790	1,180	3.3	3.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040	1,280	760	2.2	2.8	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,120	2,940	1,180	4.5	6.4	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,220	2,305	910	3.5	5.0	2.0
$150,000 and over	900	630	265	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,960	46,855	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,760	840	925	1.9	1.8	2.0
With after-tax income	91,195	46,010	45,185	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,590	2,530	4,060	7.2	5.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	13,335	5,250	8,085	14.6	11.4	17.9
$20,000 to $29,999	20,160	9,160	11,000	22.1	19.9	24.4
$30,000 to $39,999	16,710	8,570	8,140	18.3	18.6	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	14,070	8,050	6,020	15.4	17.5	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,400	4,965	3,435	9.2	10.8	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,120	3,055	2,060	5.6	6.7	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,990	1,805	1,185	3.3	3.9	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,645	1,130	515	1.8	2.5	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	800	545	260	0.9	1.2	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,375	955	420	1.5	2.1	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	795	560	235	0.9	1.2	0.5
$125,000 and over	580	395	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,960	46,855	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,355	15,785	19,565	38.0	33.7	42.4
With employment income	57,605	31,065	26,535	62.0	66.3	57.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,300	4,820	3,485	14.4	15.5	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,710	2,165	2,550	8.2	7.0	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,725	3,490	4,235	13.4	11.2	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,765	3,240	3,525	11.7	10.4	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,785	3,500	3,290	11.8	11.3	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,180	3,155	3,020	10.7	10.2	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,715	2,660	2,060	8.2	8.6	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,475	2,125	1,355	6.0	6.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,530	1,620	915	4.4	5.2	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,205	1,260	945	3.8	4.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	910	415	2.3	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,880	2,130	750	5.0	6.9	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745	1,305	445	3.0	4.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,135	830	310	2.0	2.7	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,960	46,855	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,120	45,440	44,680	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	28,800	34,400	40,400	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,190	45,440	44,750	97.0	97.0	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	35,600	26,400	31,000	35,600	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,145	40,235	36,910	83.0	85.9	80.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,000	25,200	30,600	36,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,695	31,495	27,200	63.1	67.2	59.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,000	28,400	32,000	36,000	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,635	35,730	37,900	79.2	76.3	82.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,600	10,900	10,200	9,600	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,080	7,530	5,545	14.1	16.1	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	5,240	4,440	4,960	5,240	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,975	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,140	45,440	44,705	97.0	97.0	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,640	46,320	34,880	40,640	46,320	34,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,210	45,440	44,775	97.0	97.0	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,520	38,560	30,440	34,520	38,560	30,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,235	40,355	36,880	83.1	86.1	80.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,160	43,160	30,560	37,160	43,160	30,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,755	31,675	27,080	63.2	67.6	58.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	42,520	33,040	38,160	42,520	33,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,855	35,875	37,975	79.4	76.6	82.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,760	10,110	11,380	10,760	10,110	11,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,245	7,630	5,615	14.2	16.3	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,490	6,220	6,860	6,490	6,220	6,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,975	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,800	14,235	11,560	27.7	30.4	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,600	53,200	42,400	47,600	53,200	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,500	59,150	46,560	53,500	59,150	46,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,020	11,665	11,350	24.8	24.9	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,800	20,600	23,600	27,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,760	35,720	25,640	30,760	35,720	25,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.4	82.8	72.2	78.4	82.8	72.2
Employment income (%)	61.2	64.0	57.4	61.2	64.0	57.4
Government transfers (%)	21.7	17.2	27.7	21.7	17.2	27.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,750	...	...	62,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,640	...	...	39,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,240	...	...	34,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...	80,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,020	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,590	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,685	...	...	8.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,305	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,550	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,200	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,955	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,775	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,080	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,615	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,790	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,670	...	...	23.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,120	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,105	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,020	...	...	5.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,425	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	380	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,030	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,685	...	...	3.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,925	...	...	9.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,900	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,130	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,810	...	...	7.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,440	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,080	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,615	...	...	10.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,660	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,035	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,465	...	...	15.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,325	...	...	8.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,260	...	...	4.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,880	...	...	3.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,150	12,215	10,930	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	36,000	28,600	32,400	36,000	28,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	32,000	27,400	29,600	32,000	27,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...	82,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,850	...	...	59,850	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,205	12,245	10,965	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	42,000	35,640	39,000	42,000	35,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,720	35,480	31,800	33,720	35,480	31,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,145	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,170	9,830	9,340	17.6	17.8	17.3
0 to 5 years	6,165	3,125	3,040	5.6	5.7	5.6
18 to 64 years	61,455	31,190	30,260	56.3	56.6	56.0
65 years and over	28,530	14,130	14,400	26.1	25.6	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,330	8,205	9,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,400	1,230	1,170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	860	440	420	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,675	3,940	3,735	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,255	3,035	4,225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.9	14.9	16.9	15.9	14.9	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	14.0	14.1	13.9	14.0	14.1	13.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	12.6	12.3	12.5	12.6	12.3
65 years and over (%)	25.4	21.5	29.3	25.4	21.5	29.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,030	53,510	52,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,920	9,160	8,760	16.9	17.1	16.7
0 to 5 years	5,790	2,915	2,875	5.5	5.4	5.5
18 to 64 years	59,765	30,310	29,450	56.4	56.6	56.1
65 years and over	28,350	14,035	14,315	26.7	26.2	27.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,995	2,155	1,835	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	450	220	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	85	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,120	1,755	1,365	...	...	...
65 years and over	420	180	240	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.0	3.5	3.8	4.0	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	5.2	5.8	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,150	55,145	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	71,175	35,490	35,685	65.2	64.4	66.1
In bottom decile	13,845	6,620	7,225	12.7	12.0	13.4
In second decile	15,460	7,500	7,960	14.2	13.6	14.7
In third decile	14,630	7,315	7,315	13.4	13.3	13.5
In fourth decile	14,465	7,390	7,075	13.3	13.4	13.1
In fifth decile	12,775	6,660	6,115	11.7	12.1	11.3
In top half of the distribution	37,975	19,660	18,320	34.8	35.7	33.9
In sixth decile	11,475	5,900	5,575	10.5	10.7	10.3
In seventh decile	9,700	5,005	4,695	8.9	9.1	8.7
In eighth decile	8,120	4,200	3,920	7.4	7.6	7.3
In ninth decile	5,560	2,925	2,635	5.1	5.3	4.9
In top decile	3,125	1,635	1,495	2.9	3.0	2.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,150	...	...	109,150	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.455	...	...	0.455	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.254	...	...	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,615	55,635	54,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
French only	83,865	40,670	43,190	75.8	73.1	78.6
English and French	26,255	14,645	11,605	23.7	26.3	21.1
Neither English nor French	320	215	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,615	55,635	54,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,295	670	625	1.2	1.2	1.1
French	108,565	54,525	54,045	98.1	98.0	98.3
English and French	460	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	295	205	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,615	55,635	54,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,215	54,900	54,315	98.7	98.7	98.8
Official languages	105,085	52,750	52,335	95.0	94.8	95.2
English	1,175	610	565	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	103,905	52,140	51,770	93.9	93.7	94.2
Non-official languages	4,130	2,155	1,975	3.7	3.9	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,945	1,510	1,435	2.7	2.7	2.6
Algonquian languages	2,925	1,505	1,425	2.6	2.7	2.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,925	1,500	1,425	2.6	2.7	2.6
Atikamekw	2,905	1,495	1,410	2.6	2.7	2.6
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,185	640	545	1.1	1.2	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	730	410	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	290	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	395	230	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,400	730	670	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	750	400	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	585	295	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,615	55,635	54,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	515	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	102,650	51,395	51,255	92.8	92.4	93.2
Non-official language	1,580	885	700	1.4	1.6	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	1,245	665	585	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-Indigenous	335	220	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	2,870	1,570	1,300	2.6	2.8	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	2,580	1,330	1,250	2.3	2.4	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,615	55,635	54,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,095	54,855	54,240	98.6	98.6	98.7
Official languages	106,220	53,300	52,920	96.0	95.8	96.3
English	865	440	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	105,350	52,860	52,495	95.2	95.0	95.5
Non-official languages	2,880	1,555	1,320	2.6	2.8	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,320	1,220	1,100	2.1	2.2	2.0
Algonquian languages	2,310	1,220	1,095	2.1	2.2	2.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,315	1,215	1,095	2.1	2.2	2.0
Atikamekw	2,310	1,215	1,095	2.1	2.2	2.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	555	335	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	365	235	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	190	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	230	165	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,515	775	745	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	635	325	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	835	425	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,615	55,635	54,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,175	53,275	52,905	96.0	95.8	96.2
English	2,010	1,115	890	1.8	2.0	1.6
French	1,510	790	720	1.4	1.4	1.3
Non-official language	620	305	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	285	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,150	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,830	54,925	53,905	99.7	99.6	99.8
English	26,220	14,710	11,510	24.0	26.7	21.3
French	108,670	54,825	53,835	99.6	99.4	99.7
Non-official languages	6,760	3,430	3,335	6.2	6.2	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,635	1,865	1,775	3.3	3.4	3.3
Algonquian languages	3,620	1,850	1,770	3.3	3.4	3.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,615	1,850	1,765	3.3	3.4	3.3
Atikamekw	3,600	1,845	1,760	3.3	3.3	3.3
Cree languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,135	1,570	1,565	2.9	2.8	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	270	180	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	240	160	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,475	1,200	1,280	2.3	2.2	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,155	1,045	1,115	2.0	1.9	2.1
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,915	950	965	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,150	55,145	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,040	3,065	2,970	5.5	5.6	5.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,805	2,955	2,850	5.3	5.4	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,730	2,355	2,380	4.3	4.3	4.4
Métis	1,040	580	460	1.0	1.1	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	103,115	52,080	51,030	94.5	94.4	94.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,150	55,145	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,320	2,200	2,115	4.0	4.0	3.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	104,830	52,945	51,885	96.0	96.0	96.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,515	...	...	66.4	...	...
Renter	17,440	...	...	32.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	505	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,325	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not condominium	51,140	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	6,010	...	...	11.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,635	...	...	31.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,580	...	...	36.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,120	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,270	...	...	26.7	...	...
5 rooms	11,580	...	...	21.7	...	...
6 rooms	7,570	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,725	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,315	...	...	24.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,175	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	52,540	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	920	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,980	...	...	35.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,855	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,500	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,405	...	...	8.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,450	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,005	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,275	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,995	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,075	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,395	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	33,075	...	...	61.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,705	...	...	36.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	680	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,240	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,710	...	...	10.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,175	...	...	13.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,410	...	...	13.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,490	...	...	23.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,590	...	...	21.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,880	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,970	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,415	...	...	88.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,955	...	...	11.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,530	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,645	...	...	18.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,460	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not suitable only	775	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,800	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	460	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,820	...	...	82.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,340	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not in core need	50,600	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,150	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	735	...	...	735	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	845	...	...	845	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	189,400	...	...	189,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,285	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	540	...	...	540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	600	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	500	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,150	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,620	2,855	2,765	5.1	5.2	5.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,590	2,835	2,755	5.1	5.1	5.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,355	2,680	2,675	4.9	4.9	5.0
Métis single ancestry	225	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,645	1,280	1,365	2.4	2.3	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,640	1,280	1,360	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,430	1,175	1,260	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,885	51,015	49,870	92.4	92.5	92.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,150	55,145	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,965	54,475	53,495	98.9	98.8	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,890	9,710	9,180	17.3	17.6	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	89,075	44,765	44,310	81.6	81.2	82.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,185	675	505	1.1	1.2	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,150	55,145	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	106,680	53,820	52,860	97.7	97.6	97.9
Immigrants⁸¹	1,920	965	955	1.8	1.7	1.8
Before 1980	315	185	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	225	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	485	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	700	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
2011 to 2015	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	550	365	185	0.5	0.7	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,920	965	955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	265	105	155	13.8	10.9	16.2
5 to 14 years	320	175	145	16.7	18.1	15.2
15 to 24 years	305	125	180	15.9	13.0	18.8
25 to 44 years	880	510	375	45.8	52.8	39.3
45 years and over	150	50	95	7.8	5.2	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,920	965	955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	470	200	265	24.5	20.7	27.7
Brazil	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Colombia	50	25	30	2.6	2.6	3.1
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	40	25	3.6	4.1	2.6
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Mexico	30	10	20	1.6	1.0	2.1
Peru	25	15	10	1.3	1.6	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	30	55	4.4	3.1	5.8
Other places of birth in Americas	170	75	90	8.9	7.8	9.4
Europe	860	460	405	44.8	47.7	42.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	525	285	240	27.3	29.5	25.1
Germany	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.0
Greece	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	15	1.6	2.1	1.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	10	1.3	1.6	1.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	1.3	1.6	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	175	85	90	9.1	8.8	9.4
Africa	390	220	170	20.3	22.8	17.8
Algeria	30	25	0	1.6	2.6	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	1.6	1.6	1.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	50	35	4.2	5.2	3.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	240	130	110	12.5	13.5	11.5
Asia	190	80	110	9.9	8.3	11.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	1.6	1.0	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	35	2.6	1.6	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	360	175	185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	50	40	23.6	28.6	21.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	15	0	5.6	8.6	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	5.4
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	20	11.1	14.3	10.8
Europe	120	55	65	33.3	31.4	35.1
France	90	40	55	25.0	22.9	29.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	15	5.6	5.7	8.1
Africa	115	60	55	31.9	34.3	29.7
Algeria	10	10	0	2.8	5.7	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	9.7	8.6	10.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	20	0	6.9	11.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	20	6.9	5.7	10.8
Asia	40	15	20	11.1	8.6	10.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	5.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,145	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,780	1,485	1,295	2.5	2.7	2.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,955	955	1,000	1.8	1.7	1.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	104,420	52,710	51,705	95.7	95.6	95.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,605	780	830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	850	470	380	53.0	60.3	45.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	435	310	125	27.1	39.7	15.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	410	160	250	25.5	20.5	30.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	610	225	385	38.0	28.8	46.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	130	80	55	8.1	10.3	6.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,605	780	830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	20	20	2.5	2.6	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	215	125	95	13.4	16.0	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	20	2.8	3.2	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	60	60	7.5	7.7	7.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	35	2.2	0.0	4.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,140	545	600	71.0	69.9	72.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,150	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,635	855	780	1.5	1.6	1.4
South Asian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	80	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	600	325	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Filipino	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	215	145	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin American	435	245	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	107,510	54,295	53,220	98.5	98.4	98.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,150	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	47,220	23,545	23,675	43.3	42.7	43.8
English	1,085	505	580	1.0	0.9	1.1
Irish	2,995	1,420	1,575	2.7	2.6	2.9
Scottish	1,190	560	630	1.1	1.0	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,770	11,300	10,465	19.9	20.5	19.4
German	630	330	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	950	530	420	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indian (India)	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	15,745	7,885	7,860	14.4	14.3	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	10,305	5,150	5,150	9.4	9.3	9.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,380	1,715	1,660	3.1	3.1	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,315	1,095	1,225	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis	440	255	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,245	685	560	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
American	455	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	790	365	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,140	620	520	1.0	1.1	1.0
Danish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	720	335	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	270	155	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	260	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	3,240	1,650	1,590	3.0	3.0	2.9
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,150	55,150	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	82,605	40,885	41,720	75.7	74.1	77.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,840	1,950	1,885	3.5	3.5	3.5
Anabaptist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catholic	76,745	38,065	38,680	70.3	69.0	71.6
Christian Orthodox	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	365	155	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	290	115	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	670	295	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hindu	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	365	235	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	25,655	13,765	11,890	23.5	25.0	22.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,220	54,655	53,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	97,415	49,430	47,985	90.0	90.4	89.6
Movers	10,805	5,230	5,580	10.0	9.6	10.4
Non-migrants	6,010	2,850	3,160	5.6	5.2	5.9
Migrants	4,795	2,380	2,415	4.4	4.4	4.5
Internal migrants	4,605	2,255	2,350	4.3	4.1	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,470	2,180	2,295	4.1	4.0	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	185	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,000	52,480	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,660	35,385	34,280	67.0	67.4	66.5
Movers	34,335	17,100	17,230	33.0	32.6	33.4
Non-migrants	16,380	8,085	8,290	15.8	15.4	16.1
Migrants	17,955	9,015	8,940	17.3	17.2	17.4
Internal migrants	17,245	8,615	8,630	16.6	16.4	16.8
Intraprovincial migrants	16,845	8,385	8,465	16.2	16.0	16.4
Interprovincial migrants	395	225	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	710	400	315	0.7	0.8	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,975	46,855	46,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,395	12,410	10,985	25.2	26.5	23.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,575	34,445	35,130	74.8	73.5	76.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,395	27,940	27,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,620	6,170	4,450	19.2	22.1	16.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,775	21,775	23,005	80.8	77.9	83.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,975	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,450	10,310	10,140	22.0	22.0	22.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,430	10,335	11,095	23.0	22.1	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,095	26,205	24,885	55.0	55.9	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40,245	21,595	18,645	43.3	46.1	40.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,970	13,755	7,215	22.6	29.4	15.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,745	9,435	6,310	16.9	20.1	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,225	4,325	905	5.6	9.2	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,590	6,830	9,760	17.8	14.6	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,685	1,010	1,675	2.9	2.2	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,850	4,605	6,240	11.7	9.8	13.5
Bachelor's degree	7,840	3,250	4,585	8.4	6.9	9.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	860	400	455	0.9	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	150	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,555	675	880	1.7	1.4	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	125	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,395	27,945	27,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,580	4,790	3,790	15.5	17.1	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,360	5,120	5,240	18.7	18.3	19.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,455	18,035	18,425	65.8	64.5	67.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,240	14,895	13,345	51.0	53.3	48.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,305	9,805	5,495	27.6	35.1	20.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,480	6,635	4,840	20.7	23.7	17.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,825	3,170	655	6.9	11.3	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,305	4,460	6,840	20.4	16.0	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,630	630	1,005	2.9	2.3	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,220	3,140	5,080	14.8	11.2	18.5
Bachelor's degree	5,935	2,230	3,705	10.7	8.0	13.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	615	270	345	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	80	195	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,200	460	740	2.2	1.6	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	100	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,970	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,885	20,650	21,230	45.1	44.1	46.0
Education	4,285	1,030	3,260	4.6	2.2	7.1
13. Education	4,285	1,030	3,260	4.6	2.2	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,145	500	650	1.2	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	165	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	930	335	595	1.0	0.7	1.3
Humanities	1,710	750	965	1.8	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	930	405	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	60	165	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,150	765	2,385	3.4	1.6	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	95	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	60	995	1.1	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	335	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	35	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	845	180	665	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	455	235	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Business, management and public administration	10,200	2,930	7,275	11.0	6.3	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685	135	550	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,505	2,795	6,710	10.2	6.0	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,165	695	470	1.3	1.5	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	220	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	305	225	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	680	350	1.1	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	625	170	0.9	1.3	0.4
25. Library science	155	0	155	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,090	13,360	730	15.2	28.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	955	850	100	1.0	1.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,820	2,560	260	3.0	5.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,265	3,175	90	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,990	3,910	75	4.3	8.3	0.2
48. Precision production	2,865	2,755	110	3.1	5.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,440	1,655	785	2.6	3.5	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,170	615	555	1.3	1.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,270	1,035	235	1.4	2.2	0.5
Health and related fields	7,160	1,120	6,040	7.7	2.4	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,695	915	5,775	7.2	2.0	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,685	2,725	1,960	5.0	5.8	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,260	565	1,695	2.4	1.2	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	725	605	125	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,690	1,550	140	1.8	3.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,395	27,940	27,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,940	9,910	9,030	34.2	35.5	32.9
Education	2,605	540	2,070	4.7	1.9	7.5
13. Education	2,605	540	2,070	4.7	1.9	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	355	470	1.5	1.3	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	120	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	670	235	430	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	1,025	425	600	1.9	1.5	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	210	305	0.9	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	90	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	40	120	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,365	495	1,865	4.3	1.8	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	65	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	40	735	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	270	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	685	115	570	1.2	0.4	2.1
45. Social sciences	295	155	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	7,420	1,900	5,520	13.4	6.8	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	85	430	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,905	1,815	5,090	12.5	6.5	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	715	410	305	1.3	1.5	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	100	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	220	170	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	585	260	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	695	555	140	1.3	2.0	0.5
25. Library science	110	0	110	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,870	9,260	605	17.8	33.1	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	155	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	745	650	90	1.3	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,840	1,630	215	3.3	5.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,330	2,255	75	4.2	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,805	2,735	75	5.1	9.8	0.3
48. Precision production	2,000	1,905	95	3.6	6.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,915	1,235	680	3.5	4.4	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	925	450	470	1.7	1.6	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	990	780	210	1.8	2.8	0.8
Health and related fields	5,195	780	4,415	9.4	2.8	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,840	665	4,175	8.7	2.4	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	25	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,645	2,040	1,605	6.6	7.3	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,765	405	1,360	3.2	1.4	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	555	440	115	1.0	1.6	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,320	1,190	125	2.4	4.3	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,395	27,940	27,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,940	9,910	9,030	34.2	35.5	32.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,455	18,035	18,420	65.8	64.5	67.1
Location of study inside Canada	35,655	17,580	18,075	64.4	62.9	65.8
Same as province or territory of residence	35,300	17,390	17,915	63.7	62.2	65.3
Different than province or territory of residence	355	195	160	0.6	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	800	450	345	1.4	1.6	1.3
Americas	200	95	95	0.4	0.3	0.3
United States of America	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	415	255	160	0.7	0.9	0.6
Belgium	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	290	190	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	120	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,975	46,855	46,120	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,815	26,845	23,970	...	...	...
Employed	47,425	24,885	22,540	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,395	1,965	1,435	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	42,160	20,010	22,145	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.7	57.3	52.0	54.7	57.3	52.0
Employment rate	51.0	53.1	48.9	51.0	53.1	48.9
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.3	6.0	6.7	7.3	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,970	46,855	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,110	19,265	21,840	44.2	41.1	47.4
Worked	51,865	27,590	24,275	55.8	58.9	52.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,555	14,680	11,875	28.6	31.3	25.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,310	12,910	12,400	27.2	27.6	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.5	41.1	41.3	41.5	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,815	26,845	23,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,085	545	540	2.1	2.0	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,730	26,300	23,430	97.9	98.0	97.7
Employee	44,325	23,205	21,115	87.2	86.4	88.1
Permanent position	36,895	19,285	17,610	72.6	71.8	73.5
Temporary position	7,425	3,925	3,505	14.6	14.6	14.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,160	1,010	1,150	4.3	3.8	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,270	2,910	2,355	10.4	10.8	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,405	3,090	2,315	10.6	11.5	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,815	26,845	23,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,085	545	540	2.1	2.0	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,730	26,300	23,430	97.9	98.0	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	640	455	185	1.3	1.7	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,745	1,815	4,930	13.3	6.8	20.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,645	2,065	580	5.2	7.7	2.4
3 Health occupations	4,820	780	4,040	9.5	2.9	16.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,815	1,495	4,320	11.4	5.6	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	905	430	475	1.8	1.6	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	12,800	5,585	7,210	25.2	20.8	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,460	9,780	680	20.6	36.4	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,480	1,230	250	2.9	4.6	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,410	2,660	750	6.7	9.9	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,815	26,845	23,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,085	545	540	2.1	2.0	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	49,730	26,300	23,430	97.9	98.0	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,755	1,265	490	3.5	4.7	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	240	225	15	0.5	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	735	615	120	1.4	2.3	0.5
23 Construction	3,830	3,455	370	7.5	12.9	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,545	5,145	1,395	12.9	19.2	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	895	690	210	1.8	2.6	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,315	2,935	3,385	12.4	10.9	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,175	1,715	460	4.3	6.4	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	395	265	130	0.8	1.0	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	845	300	545	1.7	1.1	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	470	260	210	0.9	1.0	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,150	1,155	990	4.2	4.3	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,530	980	550	3.0	3.7	2.3
61 Educational services	3,255	905	2,350	6.4	3.4	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	8,635	1,565	7,070	17.0	5.8	29.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	750	430	315	1.5	1.6	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,965	1,195	1,770	5.8	4.5	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,655	1,430	1,220	5.2	5.3	5.1
91 Public administration	3,565	1,765	1,800	7.0	6.6	7.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,875	29,125	25,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	420	220	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	49,295	25,735	23,565	89.8	88.4	91.5
Non-official language	255	165	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	215	130	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-Indigenous	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	4,035	2,570	1,470	7.4	8.8	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	760	405	355	1.4	1.4	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,875	29,125	25,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,130	28,705	25,425	98.6	98.6	98.8
Official languages	53,455	28,310	25,145	97.4	97.2	97.7
English	885	490	395	1.6	1.7	1.5
French	52,570	27,815	24,750	95.8	95.5	96.1
Non-official languages	675	400	275	1.2	1.4	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	585	330	255	1.1	1.1	1.0
Algonquian languages	585	325	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	585	325	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
Atikamekw	585	325	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	75	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	740	425	320	1.3	1.5	1.2
English and French	535	320	215	1.0	1.1	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	205	95	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,875	29,125	25,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,690	26,525	24,165	92.4	91.1	93.9
English	3,085	1,995	1,090	5.6	6.8	4.2
French	850	495	355	1.5	1.7	1.4
Non-official language	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,425	24,885	22,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,220	2,895	3,325	13.1	11.6	14.8
Worked outside Canada	100	75	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,205	4,070	1,145	11.0	16.4	5.1
Usual place of work	35,895	17,845	18,045	75.7	71.7	80.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,890	17,845	18,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,005	9,925	12,080	61.3	55.6	66.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,445	2,110	2,340	12.4	11.8	13.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,400	5,785	3,610	26.2	32.4	20.0
Commute to a different province or territory	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,100	21,915	19,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,735	20,235	17,500	91.8	92.3	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,185	19,500	16,685	88.0	89.0	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,550	730	815	3.8	3.3	4.2
Public transit	370	190	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Walked	2,200	970	1,230	5.4	4.4	6.4
Bicycle	180	145	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	620	375	245	1.5	1.7	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,100	21,915	19,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,915	8,450	9,465	43.6	38.6	49.3
15 to 29 minutes	13,435	6,910	6,525	32.7	31.5	34.0
30 to 44 minutes	6,150	3,850	2,305	15.0	17.6	12.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,635	1,125	515	4.0	5.1	2.7
60 minutes and over	1,955	1,580	385	4.8	7.2	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,100	21,915	19,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,375	1,940	435	5.8	8.9	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,560	5,110	2,445	18.4	23.3	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,625	7,425	7,195	35.6	33.9	37.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,685	3,185	4,500	18.7	14.5	23.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,100	1,140	1,955	7.5	5.2	10.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,770	3,120	2,650	14.0	14.2	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,490	10,000	9,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,750	900	855	9.0	9.0	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,735	9,100	8,640	91.0	91.0	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,035	7,220	6,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,285	650	630	9.2	9.0	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	990	510	480	7.1	7.1	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	145	150	2.1	2.0	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,750	6,570	6,180	90.8	91.0	90.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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