Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-JérômeMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	100,859	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	91,205^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,659	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,071	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,040.1	...	...	1,040.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	96.97	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	100,865	49,315	51,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,625	9,070	8,555	17.5	18.4	16.6
0 to 4 years	5,595	2,890	2,705	5.5	5.9	5.2
5 to 9 years	6,010	3,065	2,940	6.0	6.2	5.7
10 to 14 years	6,025	3,115	2,910	6.0	6.3	5.6
15 to 64 years	62,590	31,150	31,435	62.1	63.2	61.0
15 to 19 years	5,160	2,640	2,520	5.1	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	5,115	2,575	2,540	5.1	5.2	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,390	3,235	3,155	6.3	6.6	6.1
30 to 34 years	6,665	3,320	3,345	6.6	6.7	6.5
35 to 39 years	6,460	3,270	3,185	6.4	6.6	6.2
40 to 44 years	6,670	3,305	3,365	6.6	6.7	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,000	2,990	3,005	5.9	6.1	5.8
50 to 54 years	5,930	2,955	2,975	5.9	6.0	5.8
55 to 59 years	6,980	3,385	3,595	6.9	6.9	7.0
60 to 64 years	7,220	3,475	3,740	7.2	7.0	7.3
65 years and over	20,650	9,095	11,555	20.5	18.4	22.4
65 to 69 years	6,350	2,855	3,490	6.3	5.8	6.8
70 to 74 years	5,315	2,400	2,915	5.3	4.9	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,090	1,855	2,235	4.1	3.8	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,560	1,105	1,455	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	2,335	870	1,460	2.3	1.8	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,540	605	940	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	665	230	430	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.4	16.6	17.5	18.4	16.6
15 to 64 years	62.1	63.2	61.0	62.1	63.2	61.0
65 years and over	20.5	18.4	22.4	20.5	18.4	22.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.8	2.3	1.8	2.8
Average age of the population	42.2	41.0	43.3	42.2	41.0	43.3
Median age of the population	42.4	40.8	43.6	42.4	40.8	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,910	...	...	42.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,640	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	695	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,075	...	...	11.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,135	...	...	38.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,340	...	...	3.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,185	...	...	35.9	...	...
2 persons	15,475	...	...	34.3	...	...
3 persons	6,020	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	4,850	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,540	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	98,525	48,250	50,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,235	40,250	42,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,455	22,690	22,760	54.6	56.4	52.9
Married	21,620	10,785	10,835	26.0	26.8	25.2
Living common-law	23,835	11,910	11,925	28.6	29.6	27.7
Living common law - Never married	19,220	9,615	9,610	23.1	23.9	22.4
Living common law - Separated	270	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,770	1,915	1,855	4.5	4.8	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	570	255	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	37,785	17,555	20,235	45.4	43.6	47.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,840	13,250	11,585	29.8	32.9	26.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,355	560	795	1.6	1.4	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,755	2,475	4,280	8.1	6.1	10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,840	1,265	3,575	5.8	3.1	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,295	...	...	55.2	...	...
3 persons	5,725	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,605	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,080	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,420	...	...	80.9	...	...
Married couples	10,505	...	...	37.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,025	...	...	14.5	...	...
Without children	6,480	...	...	23.4	...	...
Common-law couples	11,915	...	...	43.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,230	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	5,690	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,280	...	...	19.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,880	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,400	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	98,525	48,250	50,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,335	38,280	39,055	78.5	79.3	77.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,840	22,390	22,450	45.5	46.4	44.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,280	1,400	3,880	5.4	2.9	7.7
Children⁶	27,220	14,495	12,720	27.6	30.0	25.3
In a two-parent family	19,125	10,075	9,045	19.4	20.9	18.0
In a one-parent family	8,095	4,415	3,680	8.2	9.2	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,190	9,970	11,220	21.5	20.7	22.3
Living alone	16,185	7,310	8,875	16.4	15.2	17.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,900	855	1,050	1.9	1.8	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,105	1,800	1,305	3.2	3.7	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,635	...	...	56.9	...	...
Couple-family households	21,060	...	...	46.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,640	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	11,420	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,575	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	575	...	...	1.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	985	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,545	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	16,180	...	...	35.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,950	39,205	41,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,165	38,375	40,795	97.8	97.9	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,200	35,200	40,000	45,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,190	38,380	40,810	97.8	97.9	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	31,800	35,200	39,600	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,170	34,885	35,280	86.7	89.0	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	39,600	25,200	31,800	39,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,775	29,340	27,435	70.1	74.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	28,800	34,400	41,200	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,850	31,385	36,460	83.8	80.1	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	10,300	13,400	12,100	10,300	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,565	6,085	5,480	14.3	15.5	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,035	13,285	11,755	30.9	33.9	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,005	39,240	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,105	38,335	40,765	97.7	97.7	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	53,150	40,440	46,600	53,150	40,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,110	38,340	40,770	97.7	97.7	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,160	43,400	35,160	39,160	43,400	35,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,320	34,975	35,340	86.8	89.1	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,840	47,760	31,960	39,840	47,760	31,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,825	29,390	27,435	70.1	74.9	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	47,440	34,720	41,320	47,440	34,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,720	31,380	36,345	83.6	80.0	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,080	11,690	14,260	13,080	11,690	14,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,515	5,980	5,530	14.2	15.2	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,160	7,430	6,770	6,160	7,430
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,935	13,260	11,675	30.8	33.8	28.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,740	7,160	8,400	7,740	7,160	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,005	39,245	41,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,665	13,825	11,835	31.7	35.2	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,000	48,000	54,000	60,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,050	67,700	53,300	61,050	67,700	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,400	11,805	12,595	30.1	30.1	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	27,000	17,200	21,000	27,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720	35,040	22,820	28,720	35,040	22,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	82.0	68.6	76.0	82.0	68.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.7	68.4	57.8	63.7	68.4	57.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	18.0	31.5	24.0	18.0	31.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.8	2.5	2.1	1.8	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.3	7.2	6.1	5.3	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.7	6.0	5.2	4.7	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,950	39,205	41,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,780	830	950	2.2	2.1	2.3
With total income	79,170	38,370	40,795	97.8	97.9	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,620	1,955	2,660	5.8	5.1	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,465	3,600	5,860	12.0	9.4	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,330	5,885	8,445	18.1	15.3	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,390	4,960	6,425	14.4	12.9	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,655	5,005	5,655	13.5	13.0	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,360	4,250	4,110	10.6	11.1	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,085	3,470	2,610	7.7	9.0	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,220	2,530	1,690	5.3	6.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,270	1,990	1,280	4.1	5.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	1,410	755	2.7	3.7	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,610	3,310	1,300	5.8	8.6	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,610	2,525	1,080	4.6	6.6	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,005	785	220	1.3	2.0	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,950	39,205	41,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,760	820	935	2.2	2.1	2.2
With after-tax income	79,185	38,380	40,805	97.8	97.9	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,005	2,065	2,935	6.3	5.4	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,975	3,825	6,150	12.6	10.0	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,900	7,045	9,855	21.3	18.4	24.2
$30,000 to $39,999	14,220	6,615	7,605	18.0	17.2	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,240	6,290	5,950	15.5	16.4	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,235	4,660	3,570	10.4	12.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,375	3,105	2,265	6.8	8.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	1,965	1,200	4.0	5.1	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,700	1,090	610	2.1	2.8	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	945	645	300	1.2	1.7	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,445	1,085	360	1.8	2.8	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	860	615	240	1.1	1.6	0.6
$125,000 and over	580	465	120	0.7	1.2	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,950	39,205	41,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,170	9,860	14,310	29.9	25.1	34.3
With employment income	56,780	29,340	27,435	70.1	74.8	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,375	3,765	3,610	13.0	12.8	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,550	1,860	2,690	8.0	6.3	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,215	3,055	4,160	12.7	10.4	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,370	2,695	3,675	11.2	9.2	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,215	2,910	3,305	10.9	9.9	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,045	3,015	3,025	10.6	10.3	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,870	2,770	2,100	8.6	9.4	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,730	2,295	1,435	6.6	7.8	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	1,875	1,030	5.1	6.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,495	1,000	4.4	5.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,580	1,085	490	2.8	3.7	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,440	2,525	910	6.1	8.6	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,995	1,415	575	3.5	4.8	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,445	1,110	335	2.5	3.8	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,950	39,205	41,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,990	37,755	40,235	96.3	96.3	96.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	31,600	37,200	43,600	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,045	37,765	40,280	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	29,000	33,200	38,000	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,255	34,490	34,765	85.6	88.0	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	26,800	33,200	40,800	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,035	29,435	27,600	70.5	75.1	66.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	29,600	35,200	42,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,200	27,345	33,860	75.6	69.7	81.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	6,850	10,200	8,800	6,850	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,985	5,315	4,665	12.3	13.6	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,400	4,880	4,560	4,400	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,005	39,240	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,950	37,705	40,245	96.2	96.1	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	51,160	37,400	44,080	51,160	37,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,035	37,710	40,320	96.3	96.1	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,840	41,520	32,480	36,840	41,520	32,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,450	34,640	34,810	85.7	88.3	83.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	48,720	32,360	40,520	48,720	32,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,045	29,490	27,560	70.4	75.2	66.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,160	34,560	41,600	48,160	34,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,160	27,240	33,925	75.5	69.4	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,130	8,850	11,160	10,130	8,850	11,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,020	5,360	4,655	12.4	13.7	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,380	7,660	6,440	5,380	7,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,005	39,245	41,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,510	13,765	11,750	31.5	35.1	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	58,000	44,000	51,200	58,000	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,900	65,500	49,080	57,900	65,500	49,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,185	11,260	11,920	28.6	28.7	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	32,400	21,200	25,400	32,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	39,440	26,480	32,760	39,440	26,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	87.6	74.8	82.0	87.6	74.8
Employment income (%)	69.0	73.6	63.3	69.0	73.6	63.3
Government transfers (%)	18.0	12.5	25.2	18.0	12.5	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,840	...	...	42,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,480	...	...	36,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	640	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,010	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,995	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,865	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,235	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,295	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,205	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,870	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,075	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,625	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,295	...	...	29.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,025	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,280	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,250	...	...	7.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,735	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,085	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,270	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,465	...	...	5.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,335	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,720	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,665	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,500	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,380	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,085	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,600	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,205	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,025	...	...	20.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,460	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,445	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,120	...	...	4.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,285	9,115	10,175	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	40,000	32,000	35,200	40,000	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	35,200	29,400	32,000	35,200	29,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...	111,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,300	...	...	62,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,215	9,140	10,075	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,800	46,560	37,480	41,800	46,560	37,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,680	38,600	33,040	35,680	38,600	33,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	98,530	48,250	50,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,645	10,625	10,025	21.0	22.0	19.9
0 to 5 years	6,780	3,490	3,290	6.9	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	58,930	29,135	29,800	59.8	60.4	59.3
65 years and over	18,950	8,495	10,450	19.2	17.6	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,015	5,100	6,915	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,130	1,095	1,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	705	360	345	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,665	2,605	3,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,225	1,400	2,825	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.2	10.6	13.8	12.2	10.6	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.2	10.5	10.4	10.2	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	8.9	10.3	9.6	8.9	10.3
65 years and over (%)	22.3	16.5	27.0	22.3	16.5	27.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	98,525	48,250	50,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,650	10,620	10,025	21.0	22.0	19.9
0 to 5 years	6,780	3,490	3,290	6.9	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	58,935	29,130	29,800	59.8	60.4	59.3
65 years and over	18,945	8,495	10,455	19.2	17.6	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,855	1,905	1,950	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	590	310	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,895	1,465	1,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	365	130	235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.3	1.9	1.5	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	98,530	48,250	50,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,845	28,295	31,550	60.7	58.6	62.8
In bottom decile	10,100	4,410	5,685	10.3	9.1	11.3
In second decile	12,200	5,530	6,665	12.4	11.5	13.3
In third decile	12,660	6,000	6,660	12.8	12.4	13.2
In fourth decile	12,780	6,210	6,570	13.0	12.9	13.1
In fifth decile	12,110	6,140	5,970	12.3	12.7	11.9
In top half of the distribution	38,680	19,960	18,725	39.3	41.4	37.2
In sixth decile	11,260	5,745	5,515	11.4	11.9	11.0
In seventh decile	9,955	5,130	4,820	10.1	10.6	9.6
In eighth decile	8,205	4,185	4,020	8.3	8.7	8.0
In ninth decile	5,910	3,140	2,765	6.0	6.5	5.5
In top decile	3,350	1,750	1,600	3.4	3.6	3.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	98,525	...	...	98,525	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.245	...	...	0.245	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,720	48,710	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	490	265	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
French only	58,950	26,985	31,970	59.1	55.4	62.7
English and French	39,990	21,340	18,650	40.1	43.8	36.6
Neither English nor French	290	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,720	48,710	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,475	1,265	1,205	2.5	2.6	2.4
French	95,910	46,805	49,100	96.2	96.1	96.3
English and French	1,075	525	550	1.1	1.1	1.1
Neither English nor French	265	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,720	48,710	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,800	47,725	50,075	98.1	98.0	98.2
Official languages	93,960	45,880	48,075	94.2	94.2	94.3
English	1,815	935	875	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	92,145	44,945	47,200	92.4	92.3	92.5
Non-official languages	3,840	1,845	1,995	3.9	3.8	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,840	1,840	1,995	3.9	3.8	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	670	365	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	620	335	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	610	330	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,310	1,110	1,205	2.3	2.3	2.4
Albanian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,640	770	870	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,210	540	670	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,920	990	935	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	1,200	610	595	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	495	250	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,720	48,710	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,040	535	505	1.0	1.1	1.0
French	89,825	43,665	46,165	90.1	89.6	90.5
Non-official language	925	440	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	925	440	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	4,685	2,475	2,210	4.7	5.1	4.3
English and non-official language(s)	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,950	955	995	2.0	2.0	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,045	515	535	1.0	1.1	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,720	48,710	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,780	47,735	50,045	98.1	98.0	98.1
Official languages	95,980	46,880	49,105	96.2	96.2	96.3
English	1,780	935	845	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	94,200	45,945	48,260	94.5	94.3	94.6
Non-official languages	1,795	855	945	1.8	1.8	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,795	855	945	1.8	1.8	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	120	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	120	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,175	555	625	1.2	1.1	1.2
Albanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	795	370	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	700	330	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,940	980	955	1.9	2.0	1.9
English and French	1,110	575	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	600	305	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,720	48,710	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,485	45,505	47,985	93.7	93.4	94.1
English	3,270	1,725	1,545	3.3	3.5	3.0
French	1,105	560	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official language	1,020	500	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,020	495	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	98,610	48,365	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,450	48,315	50,135	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	40,230	21,615	18,615	40.8	44.7	37.1
French	98,010	48,090	49,920	99.4	99.4	99.4
Non-official languages	7,520	3,635	3,885	7.6	7.5	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,495	3,610	3,885	7.6	7.5	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,090	600	495	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,065	595	470	1.1	1.2	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,060	590	470	1.1	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	25	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	520	275	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian Creole	390	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,790	2,265	2,520	4.9	4.7	5.0
Albanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	150	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	345	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,080	1,910	2,170	4.1	3.9	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	550	300	250	0.6	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	3,350	1,525	1,830	3.4	3.2	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	535	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	205	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,605	48,370	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,740	915	825	1.8	1.9	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,615	825	785	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	940	485	455	1.0	1.0	0.9
Métis	660	335	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	96,870	47,455	49,420	98.2	98.1	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,605	48,370	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	310	200	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	98,295	48,165	50,130	99.7	99.6	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,550	...	...	54.5	...	...
Renter	20,510	...	...	45.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,805	...	...	15.1	...	...
Not condominium	38,255	...	...	84.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	7,940	...	...	17.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,345	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,405	...	...	32.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,170	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,235	...	...	40.5	...	...
5 rooms	8,215	...	...	18.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,455	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	4,490	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,670	...	...	21.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,825	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,790	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,275	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,915	...	...	10.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,140	...	...	20.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,345	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,840	...	...	15.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,505	...	...	7.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,605	...	...	10.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,310	...	...	11.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,405	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,065	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,000	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,255	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,910	...	...	42.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	900	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,580	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,575	...	...	14.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,840	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,285	...	...	16.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,800	...	...	19.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,580	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,150	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,255	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,225	...	...	80.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,750	...	...	19.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,300	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,495	...	...	25.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,320	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,100	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,565	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,570	...	...	74.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,560	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not in core need	39,965	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,550	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	72.5	...	...	72.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,211	...	...	1,211	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	333,600	...	...	333,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.5	...	...	30.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.7	...	...	19.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	98,605	48,365	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,960	920	1,045	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,925	910	1,015	2.0	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,625	750	875	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	255	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,850	1,455	1,395	2.9	3.0	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,815	1,425	1,385	2.9	2.9	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,575	1,345	1,235	2.6	2.8	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	85	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,795	45,990	47,805	95.1	95.1	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	98,605	48,365	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,630	47,370	49,260	98.0	97.9	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,400	10,620	9,780	20.7	22.0	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,230	36,750	39,480	77.3	76.0	78.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,975	995	985	2.0	2.1	2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	98,605	48,365	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	92,885	45,530	47,355	94.2	94.1	94.3
Immigrants⁸¹	5,305	2,595	2,710	5.4	5.4	5.4
Before 1980	665	385	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
1980 to 1990	300	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	645	280	360	0.7	0.6	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,665	815	850	1.7	1.7	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,035	950	1,085	2.1	2.0	2.2
2011 to 2015	1,105	485	625	1.1	1.0	1.2
2016 to 2021	930	465	460	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	420	240	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,300	2,595	2,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	735	385	350	13.9	14.8	12.9
5 to 14 years	1,110	560	555	20.9	21.6	20.5
15 to 24 years	865	375	490	16.3	14.5	18.1
25 to 44 years	2,360	1,155	1,200	44.5	44.5	44.3
45 years and over	240	130	115	4.5	5.0	4.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,300	2,595	2,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,420	630	790	26.8	24.3	29.2
Brazil	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Colombia	455	175	275	8.6	6.7	10.1
El Salvador	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	280	140	145	5.3	5.4	5.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	125	50	75	2.4	1.9	2.8
Peru	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	170	80	85	3.2	3.1	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	325	165	160	6.1	6.4	5.9
Europe	1,515	795	715	28.6	30.6	26.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Croatia	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
France	675	370	300	12.7	14.3	11.1
Germany	45	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.6
Greece	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hungary	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Italy	95	65	30	1.8	2.5	1.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Portugal	90	25	60	1.7	1.0	2.2
Romania	75	45	30	1.4	1.7	1.1
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	310	160	155	5.8	6.2	5.7
Africa	1,765	875	895	33.3	33.7	33.0
Algeria	210	95	120	4.0	3.7	4.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	35	40	1.3	1.3	1.5
Egypt	40	30	15	0.8	1.2	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	255	145	115	4.8	5.6	4.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,180	575	605	22.3	22.2	22.3
Asia	600	290	315	11.3	11.2	11.6
Afghanistan	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	70	30	1.9	2.7	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	65	40	30	1.2	1.5	1.1
Turkey	25	15	15	0.5	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	105	30	75	2.0	1.2	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Philippines	35	10	30	0.7	0.4	1.1
Viet Nam	55	25	30	1.0	1.0	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	110	60	50	2.1	2.3	1.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	925	465	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	75	105	18.9	16.1	22.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	65	20	45	7.0	4.3	9.7
Haiti	50	30	20	5.4	6.5	4.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	10	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
United States of America	20	0	20	2.2	0.0	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.7	2.2	3.2
Europe	180	90	85	19.5	19.4	18.3
France	140	75	70	15.1	16.1	15.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	15	3.2	3.2	3.2
Africa	485	250	235	52.4	53.8	50.5
Algeria	70	30	40	7.6	6.5	8.6
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	105	70	35	11.4	15.1	7.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	20	10	2.7	4.3	2.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	30	30	5.9	6.5	6.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	55	35	20	5.9	7.5	4.3
Other places of birth in Africa	170	70	100	18.4	15.1	21.5
Asia	90	50	45	9.7	10.8	9.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	10	0	2.2	2.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15	3.8	3.2	3.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	98,610	48,365	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,065	3,000	3,065	6.2	6.2	6.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,295	2,805	2,490	5.4	5.8	5.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	87,245	42,565	44,685	88.5	88.0	88.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,640	2,210	2,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,220	1,145	1,075	47.8	51.8	44.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	950	625	330	20.5	28.3	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,265	515	750	27.3	23.3	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,320	535	780	28.4	24.2	32.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,055	515	535	22.7	23.3	22.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	20	30	1.0	0.9	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,640	2,210	2,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	385	195	190	8.3	8.8	7.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	380	210	165	8.2	9.5	6.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	35	65	2.2	1.6	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	135	80	55	2.9	3.6	2.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	15	10	0.4	0.7	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,615	1,680	1,940	77.9	76.0	80.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	98,605	48,370	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,795	2,825	2,970	5.9	5.8	5.9
South Asian	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese	205	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	2,755	1,340	1,420	2.8	2.8	2.8
Filipino	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	895	505	390	0.9	1.0	0.8
Latin American	1,155	505	645	1.2	1.0	1.3
Southeast Asian	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Asian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	92,810	45,540	47,275	94.1	94.1	94.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	98,610	48,365	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,650	17,580	19,075	37.2	36.3	38.0
English	1,205	550	655	1.2	1.1	1.3
Irish	5,000	2,275	2,720	5.1	4.7	5.4
Scottish	1,615	700	905	1.6	1.4	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,835	11,270	11,560	23.2	23.3	23.0
German	1,450	710	740	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese	295	120	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italian	2,640	1,315	1,325	2.7	2.7	2.6
Indian (India)	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	235	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	465	210	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Québécois	15,475	7,750	7,730	15.7	16.0	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,390	3,670	3,720	7.5	7.6	7.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,805	965	840	1.8	2.0	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,265	1,195	1,070	2.3	2.5	2.1
Métis	550	265	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,090	580	510	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	595	295	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	455	195	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	625	300	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	890	420	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	610	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	345	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Greek	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	165	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	290	180	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	900	425	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	505	205	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	755	370	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	755	400	350	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	550	260	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	285	170	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazilian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	145	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	270	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	98,605	48,370	50,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	195	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	63,335	29,865	33,465	64.2	61.7	66.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,305	2,175	2,130	4.4	4.5	4.2
Anabaptist	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	56,640	26,465	30,180	57.4	54.7	60.1
Christian Orthodox	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	520	240	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	935	515	425	0.9	1.1	0.8
Hindu	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	1,635	860	770	1.7	1.8	1.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	33,050	17,350	15,700	33.5	35.9	31.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	97,490	47,785	49,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,515	41,270	42,240	85.7	86.4	85.0
Movers	13,980	6,510	7,470	14.3	13.6	15.0
Non-migrants	5,830	2,690	3,140	6.0	5.6	6.3
Migrants	8,145	3,820	4,330	8.4	8.0	8.7
Internal migrants	7,960	3,710	4,250	8.2	7.8	8.6
Intraprovincial migrants	7,815	3,640	4,175	8.0	7.6	8.4
Interprovincial migrants	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	185	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,000	45,475	47,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,855	23,825	24,025	51.5	52.4	50.6
Movers	45,145	21,645	23,500	48.5	47.6	49.4
Non-migrants	14,250	6,690	7,560	15.3	14.7	15.9
Migrants	30,895	14,955	15,935	33.2	32.9	33.5
Internal migrants	29,840	14,395	15,440	32.1	31.7	32.5
Intraprovincial migrants	29,380	14,150	15,240	31.6	31.1	32.1
Interprovincial migrants	460	250	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
External migrants	1,050	560	495	1.1	1.2	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,005	39,245	41,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,780	11,210	9,565	25.7	28.6	22.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,225	28,030	32,195	74.3	71.4	77.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,685	25,410	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,080	6,010	4,075	19.5	23.7	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,605	19,400	22,205	80.5	76.3	84.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,005	39,240	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,950	9,290	8,660	22.2	23.7	20.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,070	8,920	10,155	23.5	22.7	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,985	21,030	22,955	54.3	53.6	55.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,250	17,200	17,045	42.3	43.8	40.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,280	10,290	6,990	21.3	26.2	16.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,745	6,590	6,150	15.7	16.8	14.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,535	3,695	840	5.6	9.4	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,160	5,920	8,240	17.5	15.1	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,815	995	1,820	3.5	2.5	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,735	3,830	5,905	12.0	9.8	14.1
Bachelor's degree	6,985	2,575	4,415	8.6	6.6	10.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	505	550	1.3	1.3	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	1,390	600	795	1.7	1.5	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,690	25,410	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,980	4,605	3,375	15.4	18.1	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,015	4,945	5,075	19.4	19.5	19.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,695	15,865	17,830	65.2	62.4	67.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,840	13,040	12,800	50.0	51.3	48.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,540	7,960	5,575	26.2	31.3	21.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,065	5,135	4,925	19.5	20.2	18.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,475	2,830	650	6.7	11.1	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,330	4,390	5,940	20.0	17.3	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,970	685	1,285	3.8	2.7	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,855	2,825	5,030	15.2	11.1	19.1
Bachelor's degree	5,645	1,915	3,730	10.9	7.5	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	350	475	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	1,145	455	690	2.2	1.8	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,000	39,240	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,020	18,210	18,810	45.7	46.4	45.0
Education	3,530	880	2,655	4.4	2.2	6.4
13. Education	3,530	880	2,655	4.4	2.2	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	625	690	1.6	1.6	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	185	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,055	435	615	1.3	1.1	1.5
Humanities	1,755	620	1,140	2.2	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	35	175	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,150	445	705	1.4	1.1	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	40	165	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,165	690	2,475	3.9	1.8	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	65	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	960	40	925	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	630	195	430	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	515	100	410	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	650	270	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Business, management and public administration	10,065	3,275	6,795	12.4	8.3	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	755	165	585	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,295	3,110	6,190	11.5	7.9	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	855	435	415	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	60	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	195	165	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,325	920	405	1.6	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,130	840	285	1.4	2.1	0.7
25. Library science	120	20	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,425	9,595	830	12.9	24.5	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	785	660	125	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,030	1,760	265	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,985	2,870	115	3.7	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,775	2,640	140	3.4	6.7	0.3
48. Precision production	1,635	1,555	75	2.0	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	755	380	375	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550	215	340	0.7	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	165	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	6,005	940	5,065	7.4	2.4	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	145	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,620	780	4,840	6.9	2.0	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,780	2,685	2,095	5.9	6.8	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,135	510	1,625	2.6	1.3	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,065	790	270	1.3	2.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,570	1,375	200	1.9	3.5	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,690	25,410	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,990	9,545	8,450	34.8	37.6	32.2
Education	2,465	545	1,920	4.8	2.1	7.3
13. Education	2,465	545	1,920	4.8	2.1	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	980	415	570	1.9	1.6	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	120	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	800	290	510	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	1,130	385	745	2.2	1.5	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	750	275	475	1.5	1.1	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	20	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,525	470	2,060	4.9	1.8	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	50	195	0.5	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	840	20	825	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	470	130	340	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	425	70	355	0.8	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	490	190	300	0.9	0.7	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,585	2,355	5,230	14.7	9.3	19.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	95	465	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,020	2,260	4,765	13.6	8.9	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	590	290	295	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	50	160	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	150	120	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,120	795	325	2.2	3.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	740	225	1.9	2.9	0.9
25. Library science	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,190	7,495	700	15.8	29.5	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	175	90	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	690	575	115	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,520	1,290	225	2.9	5.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,345	2,245	100	4.5	8.8	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,230	2,115	115	4.3	8.3	0.4
48. Precision production	1,245	1,180	65	2.4	4.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	560	260	305	1.1	1.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	145	280	0.8	0.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	110	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	4,730	730	4,000	9.2	2.9	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	105	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,425	620	3,805	8.6	2.4	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,805	2,135	1,670	7.4	8.4	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,640	380	1,260	3.2	1.5	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	840	610	230	1.6	2.4	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,315	1,140	175	2.5	4.5	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,690	25,410	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,990	9,545	8,450	34.8	37.6	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,700	15,870	17,830	65.2	62.5	67.8
Location of study inside Canada	32,055	15,040	17,020	62.0	59.2	64.8
Same as province or territory of residence	31,575	14,815	16,760	61.1	58.3	63.8
Different than province or territory of residence	485	225	260	0.9	0.9	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,640	825	815	3.2	3.2	3.1
Americas	425	195	230	0.8	0.8	0.9
United States of America	85	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	110	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	595	335	260	1.2	1.3	1.0
Belgium	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	330	210	120	0.6	0.8	0.5
Germany	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	455	215	245	0.9	0.8	0.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	230	95	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,005	39,240	41,760	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,245	26,270	24,975	...	...	...
Employed	47,765	24,640	23,120	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,475	1,620	1,855	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,755	12,970	16,785	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.3	66.9	59.8	63.3	66.9	59.8
Employment rate	59.0	62.8	55.4	59.0	62.8	55.4
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.2	7.4	6.8	6.2	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,000	39,240	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,345	12,655	16,690	36.2	32.3	40.0
Worked	51,655	26,590	25,065	63.8	67.8	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,240	14,220	12,025	32.4	36.2	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,415	12,365	13,045	31.4	31.5	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.1	40.6	41.3	42.1	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,245	26,270	24,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	915	370	545	1.8	1.4	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,325	25,895	24,430	98.2	98.6	97.8
Employee	44,720	22,570	22,150	87.3	85.9	88.7
Permanent position	38,710	19,920	18,790	75.5	75.8	75.2
Temporary position	6,015	2,650	3,365	11.7	10.1	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,885	735	1,145	3.7	2.8	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,130	1,910	2,220	8.1	7.3	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,610	3,325	2,280	10.9	12.7	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,245	26,270	24,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	915	370	545	1.8	1.4	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,325	25,895	24,430	98.2	98.6	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	815	660	155	1.6	2.5	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,755	2,165	5,590	15.1	8.2	22.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,915	2,190	725	5.7	8.3	2.9
3 Health occupations	4,235	650	3,585	8.3	2.5	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,255	1,680	4,575	12.2	6.4	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	965	505	455	1.9	1.9	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	13,330	5,875	7,460	26.0	22.4	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,650	9,720	930	20.8	37.0	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	435	145	1.1	1.7	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,825	2,015	810	5.5	7.7	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,245	26,270	24,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	915	370	545	1.8	1.4	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	50,325	25,895	24,430	98.2	98.6	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	175	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	130	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	410	315	90	0.8	1.2	0.4
23 Construction	5,265	4,495	775	10.3	17.1	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	5,940	4,235	1,705	11.6	16.1	6.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,850	1,185	660	3.6	4.5	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,245	3,545	3,700	14.1	13.5	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,695	2,035	660	5.3	7.7	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	550	365	185	1.1	1.4	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,055	355	700	2.1	1.4	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	630	340	290	1.2	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,840	1,465	1,375	5.5	5.6	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,150	1,275	875	4.2	4.9	3.5
61 Educational services	3,610	1,015	2,595	7.0	3.9	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,840	1,330	6,510	15.3	5.1	26.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	660	360	300	1.3	1.4	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,750	1,110	1,640	5.4	4.2	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,040	935	1,105	4.0	3.6	4.4
91 Public administration	2,320	1,210	1,110	4.5	4.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,675	28,070	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	815	530	285	1.5	1.9	1.1
French	42,980	21,390	21,600	78.6	76.2	81.2
Non-official language	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,490	5,930	4,560	19.2	21.1	17.1
English and non-official language(s)	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,675	28,070	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,045	27,115	25,925	97.0	96.6	97.4
Official languages	52,960	27,065	25,890	96.9	96.4	97.3
English	2,185	1,420	765	4.0	5.1	2.9
French	50,770	25,650	25,120	92.9	91.4	94.4
Non-official languages	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,630	950	680	3.0	3.4	2.6
English and French	1,565	915	650	2.9	3.3	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,675	28,070	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,420	22,860	22,555	83.1	81.4	84.8
English	7,645	4,190	3,455	14.0	14.9	13.0
French	1,365	880	480	2.5	3.1	1.8
Non-official language	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,765	24,645	23,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,345	2,960	3,385	13.3	12.0	14.6
Worked outside Canada	115	100	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,520	5,125	1,395	13.7	20.8	6.0
Usual place of work	34,785	16,455	18,325	72.8	66.8	79.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,785	16,460	18,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,665	6,125	8,540	42.2	37.2	46.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,460	1,040	1,425	7.1	6.3	7.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	17,580	9,235	8,340	50.5	56.1	45.5
Commute to a different province or territory	80	60	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,300	21,580	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,160	20,080	18,080	92.4	93.0	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,095	19,125	16,975	87.4	88.6	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,060	950	1,110	5.0	4.4	5.6
Public transit	935	430	505	2.3	2.0	2.6
Walked	1,465	625	840	3.5	2.9	4.3
Bicycle	160	135	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other method	580	310	265	1.4	1.4	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,300	21,580	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,000	5,220	6,780	29.1	24.2	34.4
15 to 29 minutes	13,640	6,575	7,070	33.0	30.5	35.9
30 to 44 minutes	8,550	4,970	3,580	20.7	23.0	18.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,890	2,520	1,365	9.4	11.7	6.9
60 minutes and over	3,230	2,300	930	7.8	10.7	4.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,300	21,580	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,720	3,705	1,020	11.4	17.2	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,600	4,775	2,820	18.4	22.1	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,045	4,875	6,170	26.7	22.6	31.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,775	2,365	4,410	16.4	11.0	22.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,955	1,605	2,355	9.6	7.4	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,205	4,255	2,950	17.4	19.7	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,015	10,810	10,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,000	1,070	925	9.5	9.9	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,015	9,740	9,275	90.5	90.1	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,010	7,715	7,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375	740	630	9.2	9.6	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	820	415	405	5.5	5.4	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560	325	235	3.7	4.2	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,630	6,970	6,665	90.8	90.3	91.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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