Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-JeanMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,615	56,705	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,845	10,200	9,640	17.3	18.0	16.6
0 to 4 years	6,020	3,095	2,925	5.3	5.5	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,720	3,445	3,270	5.9	6.1	5.6
10 to 14 years	7,105	3,670	3,445	6.2	6.5	5.9
15 to 64 years	70,775	35,465	35,310	61.8	62.5	61.0
15 to 19 years	5,620	2,905	2,720	4.9	5.1	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,335	2,710	2,620	4.7	4.8	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,675	3,405	3,270	5.8	6.0	5.6
30 to 34 years	7,205	3,645	3,560	6.3	6.4	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,315	3,620	3,695	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	7,620	3,870	3,750	6.6	6.8	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,865	3,425	3,440	6.0	6.0	5.9
50 to 54 years	7,160	3,510	3,650	6.2	6.2	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,460	4,230	4,230	7.4	7.5	7.3
60 to 64 years	8,525	4,145	4,380	7.4	7.3	7.6
65 years and over	24,000	11,035	12,960	20.9	19.5	22.4
65 to 69 years	7,475	3,605	3,875	6.5	6.4	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,380	3,035	3,345	5.6	5.4	5.8
75 to 79 years	4,575	2,170	2,405	4.0	3.8	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,895	1,230	1,665	2.5	2.2	2.9
85 years and over	2,670	995	1,675	2.3	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,655	655	1,000	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	810	295	510	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	180	40	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.3	18.0	16.6	17.3	18.0	16.6
15 to 64 years	61.8	62.5	61.0	61.8	62.5	61.0
65 years and over	20.9	19.5	22.4	20.9	19.5	22.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	42.8	41.9	43.8	42.8	41.9	43.8
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.4	43.6	42.4	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,520	...	...	55.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,535	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	955	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,125	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,105	...	...	32.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	760	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,115	...	...	32.4	...	...
2 persons	17,895	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	6,730	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	5,965	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,015	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,425	55,935	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,770	46,500	48,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,375	27,605	27,765	58.4	59.4	57.5
Married	27,570	13,750	13,815	29.1	29.6	28.6
Living common-law	27,805	13,850	13,950	29.3	29.8	28.9
Living common law - Never married	22,395	11,140	11,255	23.6	24.0	23.3
Living common law - Separated	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,585	2,325	2,255	4.8	5.0	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	560	255	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	39,400	18,900	20,505	41.6	40.6	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,150	14,330	11,825	27.6	30.8	24.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,260	570	690	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,700	2,675	4,025	7.1	5.8	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,290	1,325	3,965	5.6	2.8	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,010	...	...	55.2	...	...
3 persons	6,410	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	5,735	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,450	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,325	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	13,425	...	...	41.2	...	...
With children⁶	5,140	...	...	15.8	...	...
Without children	8,285	...	...	25.4	...	...
Common-law couples	13,895	...	...	42.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,360	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	6,540	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,280	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,740	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,540	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,425	55,935	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,260	45,480	45,785	81.2	81.3	81.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,650	27,255	27,395	48.6	48.7	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,280	1,535	3,740	4.7	2.7	6.6
Children⁶	31,330	16,680	14,650	27.9	29.8	25.9
In a two-parent family	23,280	12,260	11,015	20.7	21.9	19.5
In a one-parent family	8,055	4,415	3,635	7.2	7.9	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,165	10,455	10,710	18.8	18.7	19.0
Living alone	16,115	7,785	8,330	14.3	13.9	14.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,980	895	1,095	1.8	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	3,070	1,785	1,285	2.7	3.2	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,170	...	...	60.7	...	...
Couple-family households	25,680	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,740	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	13,940	...	...	28.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,495	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,015	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,465	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	16,115	...	...	32.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,605	45,745	46,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,890	44,925	45,970	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,200	38,000	42,400	47,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,910	44,935	45,975	98.2	98.2	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	34,000	37,200	40,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,105	41,370	40,730	88.7	90.4	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	28,400	34,800	41,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,055	34,320	31,730	71.3	75.0	67.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	32,400	38,000	43,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,505	35,390	40,120	81.5	77.4	85.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,100	12,600	11,600	10,100	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,085	6,425	5,660	13.1	14.0	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,280	5,480	5,440	5,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,310	13,900	12,410	28.4	30.4	26.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,200	6,000	6,000	7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,900	44,855	46,045	98.2	98.2	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680	55,500	44,040	49,680	55,500	44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,915	44,860	46,060	98.2	98.2	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,080	44,680	37,560	41,080	44,680	37,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,010	41,315	40,695	88.6	90.4	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	50,280	36,520	43,440	50,280	36,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,060	34,350	31,710	71.4	75.2	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	49,680	39,160	44,640	49,680	39,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,255	35,155	40,105	81.3	76.9	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,670	11,720	13,520	12,670	11,720	13,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,990	6,510	5,480	13.0	14.2	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	5,945	7,750	6,770	5,945	7,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,690	14,205	12,480	28.8	31.1	26.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	7,060	7,900	7,450	7,060	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,490	17,525	14,965	35.1	38.3	31.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,000	51,200	56,800	62,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	69,100	57,450	63,750	69,100	57,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,505	13,040	13,465	28.6	28.5	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	26,000	18,200	21,400	26,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280	33,800	24,900	29,280	33,800	24,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.4	73.2	78.8	83.4	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	68.6	61.2	65.2	68.6	61.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.1	16.6	26.8	21.1	16.6	26.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.6	5.9	5.2	4.6	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	4.9	4.4	4.0	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,605	45,740	46,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,715	820	900	1.9	1.8	1.9
With total income	90,890	44,925	45,970	98.1	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,245	2,270	2,975	5.8	5.1	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,285	3,990	6,295	11.3	8.9	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,755	6,405	8,350	16.2	14.3	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,260	5,435	6,825	13.5	12.1	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,010	5,795	6,210	13.2	12.9	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,015	5,160	4,855	11.0	11.5	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,405	4,160	3,240	8.1	9.3	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,475	3,325	2,150	6.0	7.4	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,260	2,480	1,780	4.7	5.5	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,675	1,550	1,115	2.9	3.5	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,510	4,340	2,165	7.2	9.7	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,860	3,175	1,685	5.3	7.1	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,650	1,175	480	1.8	2.6	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,605	45,740	46,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,695	805	890	1.8	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	90,915	44,935	45,975	98.2	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,640	2,375	3,265	6.2	5.3	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,895	4,300	6,590	12.0	9.6	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,335	7,570	9,765	19.1	16.8	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,885	7,505	8,375	17.5	16.7	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	14,255	7,425	6,825	15.7	16.5	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,150	5,690	4,460	11.2	12.7	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,865	3,970	2,895	7.6	8.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,065	2,305	1,760	4.5	5.1	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230	1,350	880	2.5	3.0	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,280	815	460	1.4	1.8	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,315	1,620	695	2.5	3.6	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,320	915	405	1.5	2.0	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,000	705	295	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,605	45,740	46,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,555	11,415	15,135	28.7	25.0	32.3
With employment income	66,055	34,320	31,730	71.3	75.0	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,550	3,880	3,675	11.4	11.3	11.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,885	2,055	2,825	7.4	6.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,825	3,380	4,445	11.8	9.8	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,920	2,990	3,930	10.5	8.7	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,255	3,475	3,775	11.0	10.1	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,150	3,655	3,500	10.8	10.6	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,980	3,335	2,645	9.1	9.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	2,955	1,935	7.4	8.6	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805	2,320	1,480	5.8	6.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,150	1,825	1,325	4.8	5.3	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,880	1,170	705	2.8	3.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,770	3,290	1,485	7.2	9.6	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,655	1,755	900	4.0	5.1	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,115	1,530	590	3.2	4.5	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,605	45,745	46,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,535	44,200	45,335	96.7	96.6	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	34,800	40,400	46,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,595	44,205	45,385	96.7	96.6	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	31,400	35,600	39,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,130	40,890	40,240	87.6	89.4	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	29,800	36,400	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,310	34,375	31,935	71.6	75.1	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	33,200	38,800	44,800	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,210	31,090	37,120	73.7	68.0	79.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,900	9,700	8,600	6,900	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,010	5,935	5,075	11.9	13.0	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,320	4,920	4,560	4,320	4,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,525	44,160	45,360	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,400	53,750	41,240	47,400	53,750	41,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,595	44,160	45,430	96.8	96.6	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	43,360	35,080	39,160	43,360	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,990	40,845	40,145	87.5	89.4	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,300	36,600	44,000	51,300	36,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,290	34,485	31,810	71.6	75.5	67.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,920	50,520	38,880	44,920	50,520	38,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,120	31,005	37,115	73.6	67.8	79.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	9,010	10,790	9,980	9,010	10,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,875	6,035	4,840	11.7	13.2	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,310	8,060	6,530	5,310	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,390	17,490	14,900	35.0	38.3	31.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,800	47,600	54,000	60,800	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,850	67,300	53,300	60,850	67,300	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,175	12,405	12,775	27.2	27.1	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	32,400	23,400	27,000	32,400	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,720	38,760	28,840	33,720	38,760	28,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	88.2	78.6	84.0	88.2	78.6
Employment income (%)	70.2	73.4	66.2	70.2	73.4	66.2
Government transfers (%)	16.0	11.8	21.4	16.0	11.8	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,100	...	...	75,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,160	...	...	45,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,280	...	...	38,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...	112,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	930	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,735	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,830	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,270	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,120	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,165	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,710	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,905	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,370	...	...	34.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,910	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,540	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,720	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	985	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,905	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,265	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,280	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,740	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,670	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,595	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,800	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,310	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,990	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,570	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,175	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,315	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,600	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,350	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,180	9,565	9,610	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,200	34,400	37,600	41,200	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,200	33,600	36,000	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,115	9,440	9,675	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,960	47,400	40,640	43,960	47,400	40,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,320	39,360	35,360	37,320	39,360	35,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,425	55,935	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,280	11,965	11,320	20.7	21.4	20.0
0 to 5 years	7,280	3,735	3,545	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years	67,005	33,520	33,490	59.6	59.9	59.3
65 years and over	22,140	10,460	11,690	19.7	18.7	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,610	4,785	5,815	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,615	825	790	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	505	255	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,845	2,365	2,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,140	1,595	2,545	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4	8.6	10.3	9.4	8.6	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.0	7.0	6.9	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.0	7.0	6.9	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.1	7.4	7.2	7.1	7.4
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.3	21.8	18.7	15.3	21.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,425	55,935	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,280	11,965	11,320	20.7	21.4	20.0
0 to 5 years	7,280	3,735	3,545	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years	67,005	33,520	33,490	59.6	59.9	59.3
65 years and over	22,140	10,460	11,690	19.7	18.7	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,075	1,615	1,460	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	210	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	60	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,350	1,270	1,080	...	...	...
65 years and over	340	135	205	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,430	55,940	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,090	29,675	31,415	54.3	53.0	55.6
In bottom decile	8,885	4,130	4,760	7.9	7.4	8.4
In second decile	11,725	5,465	6,265	10.4	9.8	11.1
In third decile	13,025	6,365	6,665	11.6	11.4	11.8
In fourth decile	13,540	6,720	6,815	12.0	12.0	12.1
In fifth decile	13,910	7,005	6,905	12.4	12.5	12.2
In top half of the distribution	51,340	26,260	25,075	45.7	46.9	44.4
In sixth decile	13,330	6,825	6,505	11.9	12.2	11.5
In seventh decile	12,815	6,585	6,230	11.4	11.8	11.0
In eighth decile	10,765	5,465	5,300	9.6	9.8	9.4
In ninth decile	8,945	4,570	4,385	8.0	8.2	7.8
In top decile	5,485	2,815	2,665	4.9	5.0	4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,425	...	...	112,425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.414	...	...	0.414	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,570	56,380	57,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	715	385	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
French only	63,915	29,745	34,165	56.3	52.8	59.7
English and French	48,750	26,170	22,585	42.9	46.4	39.5
Neither English nor French	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,570	56,380	57,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,715	1,905	1,810	3.3	3.4	3.2
French	108,585	53,825	54,765	95.6	95.5	95.8
English and French	1,105	585	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
Neither English nor French	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,570	56,380	57,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,445	55,275	56,165	98.1	98.0	98.2
Official languages	108,150	53,600	54,550	95.2	95.1	95.4
English	2,985	1,530	1,455	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	105,165	52,070	53,095	92.6	92.4	92.8
Non-official languages	3,295	1,675	1,620	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,290	1,670	1,615	2.9	3.0	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	325	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	495	285	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	485	280	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,100	1,055	1,045	1.8	1.9	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,395	710	685	1.2	1.3	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	285	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	805	390	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,130	1,105	1,025	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	1,525	800	725	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	385	200	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,570	56,380	57,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,845	975	870	1.6	1.7	1.5
French	102,265	50,530	51,735	90.0	89.6	90.5
Non-official language	735	380	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	725	380	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	6,020	3,170	2,855	5.3	5.6	5.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,495	725	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	975	485	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,570	56,380	57,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,570	55,365	56,205	98.2	98.2	98.3
Official languages	110,190	54,670	55,515	97.0	97.0	97.1
English	2,965	1,530	1,435	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	107,220	53,140	54,080	94.4	94.3	94.6
Non-official languages	1,385	695	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,385	695	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	885	445	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	305	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,000	1,010	985	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	1,370	695	675	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	385	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,570	56,380	57,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,575	52,765	53,805	93.8	93.6	94.1
English	3,980	2,135	1,840	3.5	3.8	3.2
French	1,350	660	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	965	475	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	960	470	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	365	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,425	55,900	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,210	55,810	56,400	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	49,235	26,455	22,780	43.8	47.3	40.3
French	111,500	55,450	56,050	99.2	99.2	99.2
Non-official languages	7,030	3,495	3,530	6.3	6.3	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,010	3,485	3,525	6.2	6.2	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	885	505	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	865	500	365	0.8	0.9	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	850	490	365	0.8	0.9	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,165	2,555	2,615	4.6	4.6	4.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	305	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	515	280	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	440	230	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	415	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,110	2,000	2,110	3.7	3.6	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	490	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	400	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,200	1,555	1,645	2.8	2.8	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,425	55,905	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,705	865	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,605	805	805	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	925	460	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	625	320	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,720	55,035	55,690	98.5	98.4	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,425	55,905	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	285	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,145	55,790	56,360	99.8	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,510	...	...	63.4	...	...
Renter	18,210	...	...	36.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,520	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not condominium	45,200	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,825	...	...	11.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,525	...	...	31.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,970	...	...	34.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,210	...	...	22.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,510	...	...	31.2	...	...
5 rooms	8,745	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,530	...	...	11.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,535	...	...	11.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,400	...	...	29.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,510	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,675	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,045	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,640	...	...	19.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,950	...	...	28.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,540	...	...	15.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,110	...	...	12.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,450	...	...	6.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,390	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,545	...	...	5.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,100	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,725	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,995	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,450	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,255	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,015	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,110	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,865	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,615	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,195	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,340	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,645	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,635	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,320	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,225	...	...	85.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,085	...	...	14.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,685	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,465	...	...	21.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,565	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not suitable only	845	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,395	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	460	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,255	...	...	79.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,485	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	45,430	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,220	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.0	...	...	67.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,198	...	...	1,198	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	368,400	...	...	368,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,195	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.8	...	...	24.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.5	...	...	16.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...	785	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	846	...	...	846	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,425	55,900	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,915	895	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,900	875	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,670	775	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,465	1,690	1,780	3.1	3.0	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,410	1,670	1,740	3.0	3.0	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,080	1,515	1,570	2.7	2.7	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,045	53,320	53,725	95.2	95.4	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,425	55,905	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,655	55,045	55,610	98.4	98.5	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,030	11,890	11,140	20.5	21.3	19.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,620	43,155	44,465	77.9	77.2	78.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,770	855	915	1.6	1.5	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,425	55,905	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	107,190	53,230	53,955	95.3	95.2	95.5
Immigrants⁸¹	4,800	2,425	2,375	4.3	4.3	4.2
Before 1980	1,015	560	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
1980 to 1990	485	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	560	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,135	575	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,605	780	820	1.4	1.4	1.5
2011 to 2015	775	415	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
2016 to 2021	830	365	465	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	440	245	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,800	2,425	2,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	580	295	285	12.1	12.2	12.0
5 to 14 years	1,040	570	475	21.7	23.5	20.0
15 to 24 years	935	465	470	19.5	19.2	19.7
25 to 44 years	2,010	1,005	1,000	41.9	41.4	42.0
45 years and over	240	90	145	5.0	3.7	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,800	2,425	2,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	970	470	505	20.2	19.4	21.2
Brazil	70	35	40	1.5	1.4	1.7
Colombia	160	75	85	3.3	3.1	3.6
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Guyana	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Haiti	115	70	50	2.4	2.9	2.1
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	40	50	1.9	1.6	2.1
Peru	40	20	15	0.8	0.8	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	135	55	80	2.8	2.3	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	310	140	165	6.5	5.8	6.9
Europe	1,870	955	910	39.0	39.4	38.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
France	860	440	415	17.9	18.1	17.4
Germany	120	40	80	2.5	1.6	3.4
Greece	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	105	60	45	2.2	2.5	1.9
Netherlands	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Poland	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Portugal	130	75	55	2.7	3.1	2.3
Romania	45	30	15	0.9	1.2	0.6
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	435	240	200	9.1	9.9	8.4
Africa	1,150	610	540	24.0	25.2	22.7
Algeria	260	130	130	5.4	5.4	5.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	30	10	0.7	1.2	0.4
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	225	145	80	4.7	6.0	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	605	295	305	12.6	12.2	12.8
Asia	805	385	420	16.8	15.9	17.6
Afghanistan	170	90	80	3.5	3.7	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	35	10	0.8	1.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	60	30	35	1.3	1.2	1.5
Turkey	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
China⁹⁰	75	25	55	1.6	1.0	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	0	50	1.1	0.0	2.1
Viet Nam	65	35	30	1.4	1.4	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	75	70	3.1	3.1	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	830	365	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	155	65	90	18.7	17.8	19.4
Brazil	25	10	10	3.0	2.7	2.2
Colombia	25	10	10	3.0	2.7	2.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	20	3.6	2.7	4.3
United States of America	25	10	20	3.0	2.7	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	5.4	6.8	4.3
Europe	220	95	125	26.5	26.0	26.9
France	160	75	85	19.3	20.5	18.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	25	4.8	2.7	5.4
Africa	190	75	105	22.9	20.5	22.6
Algeria	30	10	20	3.6	2.7	4.3
Burundi	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	20	35	6.6	5.5	7.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	25	30	6.0	6.8	6.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	1.2	2.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	2.4	2.7	2.2
Asia	265	125	140	31.9	34.2	30.1
Afghanistan	80	50	25	9.6	13.7	5.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	1.8	2.7	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	10	10	3.0	2.7	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	3.0	0.0	5.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	5.4	5.5	5.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	10	2.4	4.1	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,430	55,905	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,775	2,875	2,900	5.1	5.1	5.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,765	3,000	2,765	5.1	5.4	4.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	100,880	50,020	50,855	89.7	89.5	90.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,785	1,870	1,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,810	1,005	800	47.8	53.7	41.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	785	520	260	20.7	27.8	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,020	485	540	26.9	25.9	28.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,240	480	760	32.8	25.7	39.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	685	345	340	18.1	18.4	17.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	30	25	1.5	1.6	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,785	1,870	1,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	190	85	105	5.0	4.5	5.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	410	190	220	10.8	10.2	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	55	40	2.6	2.9	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	80	80	4.2	4.3	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	20	25	1.1	1.1	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,880	1,435	1,445	76.1	76.7	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,425	55,900	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,210	2,125	2,085	3.7	3.8	3.7
South Asian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	245	60	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,380	725	655	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	730	420	305	0.6	0.8	0.5
Latin American	830	435	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Southeast Asian	350	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,215	53,775	54,440	96.3	96.2	96.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,425	55,900	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	44,025	21,485	22,540	39.2	38.4	39.9
English	1,725	870	855	1.5	1.6	1.5
Irish	6,195	2,945	3,250	5.5	5.3	5.7
Scottish	1,945	955	990	1.7	1.7	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,040	13,195	12,845	23.2	23.6	22.7
German	1,520	785	735	1.4	1.4	1.3
Chinese	280	80	200	0.2	0.1	0.4
Italian	2,500	1,165	1,330	2.2	2.1	2.4
Indian (India)	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	395	225	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Polish	485	235	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	16,865	8,435	8,430	15.0	15.1	14.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	275	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Filipino	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,840	4,910	4,935	8.8	8.8	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,710	1,395	1,315	2.4	2.5	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,555	1,225	1,330	2.3	2.2	2.4
Métis	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,305	645	655	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	290	170	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	575	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	710	290	425	0.6	0.5	0.8
Spanish	565	240	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,150	530	630	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	195	130	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	315	195	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,285	635	650	1.1	1.1	1.1
Danish	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	620	280	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	1,280	660	615	1.1	1.2	1.1
Haitian	415	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	425	245	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	325	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	225	80	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Brazilian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	285	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moldovan	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	380	230	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,425	55,900	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	77,845	37,545	40,300	69.2	67.2	71.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,060	2,505	2,555	4.5	4.5	4.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	415	190	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	70,205	33,830	36,375	62.4	60.5	64.4
Christian Orthodox	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	740	305	435	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,370	760	605	1.2	1.4	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	32,705	17,330	15,370	29.1	31.0	27.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,240	55,245	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,595	49,065	49,530	88.6	88.8	88.5
Movers	12,640	6,175	6,460	11.4	11.2	11.5
Non-migrants	6,650	3,315	3,335	6.0	6.0	6.0
Migrants	5,990	2,860	3,125	5.4	5.2	5.6
Internal migrants	5,810	2,760	3,045	5.2	5.0	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	5,640	2,695	2,950	5.1	4.9	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,415	52,730	53,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,305	31,760	31,540	59.5	60.2	58.8
Movers	43,115	20,970	22,145	40.5	39.8	41.2
Non-migrants	20,270	9,800	10,475	19.0	18.6	19.5
Migrants	22,840	11,170	11,675	21.5	21.2	21.7
Internal migrants	21,860	10,680	11,180	20.5	20.3	20.8
Intraprovincial migrants	21,035	10,260	10,770	19.8	19.5	20.1
Interprovincial migrants	825	415	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	985	490	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,330	11,825	9,505	23.0	25.9	20.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,255	33,870	37,380	77.0	74.1	79.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,600	29,595	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,870	6,080	3,785	16.6	20.5	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,730	23,510	26,220	83.4	79.4	87.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,750	10,080	8,665	20.3	22.1	18.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,405	11,090	11,315	24.2	24.3	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,430	24,530	26,900	55.6	53.7	57.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,615	18,915	18,705	40.6	41.4	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,960	10,945	7,015	19.4	23.9	15.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,935	6,785	6,155	14.0	14.8	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,030	4,165	865	5.4	9.1	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,710	6,935	9,770	18.0	15.2	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,945	1,030	1,915	3.2	2.3	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,815	5,615	8,195	14.9	12.3	17.5
Bachelor's degree	9,920	3,870	6,050	10.7	8.5	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,200	520	685	1.3	1.1	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,110	940	1,170	2.3	2.1	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,600	29,595	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,990	4,825	3,165	13.4	16.3	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,245	6,420	5,830	20.5	21.7	19.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,360	18,345	21,015	66.0	62.0	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,375	14,105	14,275	47.6	47.7	47.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,050	8,375	5,675	23.6	28.3	18.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,110	5,120	4,990	17.0	17.3	16.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,940	3,260	680	6.6	11.0	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,370	5,060	7,310	20.8	17.1	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,960	665	1,290	3.3	2.2	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,985	4,245	6,740	18.4	14.3	22.5
Bachelor's degree	7,995	3,040	4,955	13.4	10.3	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	345	545	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,665	670	1,000	2.8	2.3	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,155	21,170	19,980	44.5	46.3	42.6
Education	4,035	860	3,170	4.4	1.9	6.8
13. Education	4,035	860	3,170	4.4	1.9	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,750	755	995	1.9	1.7	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	225	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,440	530	910	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,410	1,020	1,395	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	40	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,470	650	825	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	340	95	240	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,995	935	3,070	4.3	2.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	155	310	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	45	1,150	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	665	195	470	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	665	140	530	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	870	370	495	0.9	0.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	11,160	3,530	7,635	12.1	7.7	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	760	90	675	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,390	3,435	6,955	11.2	7.5	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,355	665	695	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	480	155	325	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	300	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	245	170	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,545	1,135	410	1.7	2.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,385	1,060	330	1.5	2.3	0.7
25. Library science	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,480	11,525	950	13.5	25.2	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	295	165	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,270	1,120	155	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,545	2,225	320	2.7	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,275	3,170	100	3.5	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,940	2,825	110	3.2	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	2,155	2,020	140	2.3	4.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,080	645	435	1.2	1.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	945	560	385	1.0	1.2	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,795	925	5,865	7.3	2.0	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,350	725	5,630	6.9	1.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,815	2,535	2,280	5.2	5.5	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,505	605	1,900	2.7	1.3	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,105	870	235	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,150	1,010	140	1.2	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,600	29,595	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,240	11,250	8,990	34.0	38.0	30.0
Education	2,660	490	2,165	4.5	1.7	7.2
13. Education	2,660	490	2,165	4.5	1.7	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,405	580	825	2.4	2.0	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	175	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,160	415	750	1.9	1.4	2.5
Humanities	1,505	635	865	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	30	155	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	895	395	500	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	65	145	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,280	745	2,540	5.5	2.5	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	125	285	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,030	40	990	1.7	0.1	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	505	155	350	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	515	90	425	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	725	300	425	1.2	1.0	1.4
Business, management and public administration	8,710	2,550	6,160	14.6	8.6	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	75	555	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,065	2,470	5,595	13.5	8.3	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	845	405	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	120	270	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	200	130	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,335	975	360	2.2	3.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	925	295	2.0	3.1	1.0
25. Library science	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,640	8,775	870	16.2	29.7	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	245	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	1,085	935	145	1.8	3.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,895	1,595	300	3.2	5.4	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,615	2,525	85	4.4	8.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,155	2,065	95	3.6	7.0	0.3
48. Precision production	1,650	1,525	125	2.8	5.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	840	480	365	1.4	1.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	410	325	1.2	1.4	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,305	725	4,580	8.9	2.4	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	125	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,935	570	4,370	8.3	1.9	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,830	1,975	1,850	6.4	6.7	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,955	435	1,520	3.3	1.5	5.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	905	700	200	1.5	2.4	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	930	805	125	1.6	2.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,600	29,595	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,240	11,250	8,990	34.0	38.0	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,365	18,350	21,015	66.0	62.0	70.0
Location of study inside Canada	37,855	17,575	20,285	63.5	59.4	67.6
Same as province or territory of residence	37,105	17,190	19,915	62.3	58.1	66.4
Different than province or territory of residence	755	385	370	1.3	1.3	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,500	775	725	2.5	2.6	2.4
Americas	395	175	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
United States of America	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	660	365	300	1.1	1.2	1.0
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	360	235	125	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	315	180	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	50	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,580	45,705	46,880	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,315	31,330	28,985	...	...	...
Employed	56,945	29,545	27,400	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,365	1,785	1,585	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,270	14,370	17,895	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.1	68.5	61.8	65.1	68.5	61.8
Employment rate	61.5	64.6	58.4	61.5	64.6	58.4
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,580	45,700	46,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,760	13,910	17,845	34.3	30.4	38.1
Worked	60,825	31,790	29,030	65.7	69.6	61.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,240	18,060	15,180	35.9	39.5	32.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,580	13,730	13,850	29.8	30.0	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.0	41.8	42.4	43.0	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,310	31,330	28,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	435	450	1.5	1.4	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,430	30,890	28,535	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	52,570	26,790	25,775	87.2	85.5	88.9
Permanent position	45,785	23,665	22,120	75.9	75.5	76.3
Temporary position	6,785	3,120	3,660	11.3	10.0	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,225	925	1,295	3.7	3.0	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,565	2,195	2,365	7.6	7.0	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,860	4,105	2,755	11.4	13.1	9.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,310	31,330	28,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	435	450	1.5	1.4	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,430	30,890	28,535	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	950	695	250	1.6	2.2	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,845	2,900	6,945	16.3	9.3	24.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,035	3,080	950	6.7	9.8	3.3
3 Health occupations	4,905	665	4,235	8.1	2.1	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,520	2,155	5,365	12.5	6.9	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,395	665	730	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	14,230	6,390	7,840	23.6	20.4	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,195	11,135	1,060	20.2	35.5	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,285	990	295	2.1	3.2	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,070	2,215	855	5.1	7.1	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,310	31,330	28,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	435	450	1.5	1.4	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	59,430	30,890	28,535	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,130	760	375	1.9	2.4	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	155	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	350	250	100	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	5,615	4,865	755	9.3	15.5	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	7,435	5,315	2,120	12.3	17.0	7.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,795	1,305	490	3.0	4.2	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,295	3,570	3,730	12.1	11.4	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,050	2,210	835	5.1	7.1	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,000	620	380	1.7	2.0	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	2,110	735	1,370	3.5	2.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	805	420	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,550	1,770	1,775	5.9	5.6	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,260	1,345	915	3.7	4.3	3.2
61 Educational services	4,235	1,135	3,100	7.0	3.6	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,545	1,250	7,290	14.2	4.0	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	730	390	335	1.2	1.2	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,845	1,275	1,570	4.7	4.1	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,685	1,315	1,365	4.5	4.2	4.7
91 Public administration	3,765	2,165	1,600	6.2	6.9	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,060	33,330	30,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,025	590	435	1.6	1.8	1.4
French	49,375	25,200	24,180	77.1	75.6	78.7
Non-official language	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	13,145	7,275	5,870	20.5	21.8	19.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	160	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	105	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,060	33,330	30,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,085	32,235	29,850	96.9	96.7	97.2
Official languages	61,965	32,160	29,800	96.7	96.5	97.0
English	2,850	1,635	1,215	4.4	4.9	4.0
French	59,110	30,530	28,585	92.3	91.6	93.0
Non-official languages	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,980	1,095	875	3.1	3.3	2.8
English and French	1,905	1,075	830	3.0	3.2	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,060	33,330	30,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,405	26,920	25,490	81.8	80.8	83.0
English	9,515	5,195	4,315	14.9	15.6	14.0
French	1,785	1,030	755	2.8	3.1	2.5
Non-official language	185	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	185	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,950	29,545	27,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,265	4,265	5,000	16.3	14.4	18.2
Worked outside Canada	100	85	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,900	5,345	1,555	12.1	18.1	5.7
Usual place of work	40,685	19,855	20,830	71.4	67.2	76.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,685	19,855	20,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,360	10,090	12,270	55.0	50.8	58.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,365	1,495	1,870	8.3	7.5	9.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,870	8,195	6,675	36.5	41.3	32.0
Commute to a different province or territory	90	75	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,585	25,200	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,815	23,445	20,370	92.1	93.0	91.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,525	22,380	19,140	87.3	88.8	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,290	1,065	1,230	4.8	4.2	5.5
Public transit	1,255	475	780	2.6	1.9	3.5
Walked	1,625	755	880	3.4	3.0	3.9
Bicycle	385	260	120	0.8	1.0	0.5
Other method	495	260	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,585	25,200	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,660	8,075	9,575	37.1	32.0	42.8
15 to 29 minutes	13,720	6,890	6,835	28.8	27.3	30.5
30 to 44 minutes	9,290	5,785	3,505	19.5	23.0	15.7
45 to 59 minutes	4,280	2,775	1,505	9.0	11.0	6.7
60 minutes and over	2,635	1,670	965	5.5	6.6	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,585	25,200	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,775	3,730	1,045	10.0	14.8	4.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,055	5,965	3,090	19.0	23.7	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,120	6,615	7,505	29.7	26.3	33.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,015	3,030	4,980	16.8	12.0	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,175	1,585	2,595	8.8	6.3	11.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,445	4,275	3,175	15.6	17.0	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,665	12,165	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,000	1,535	1,465	12.7	12.6	12.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,670	10,635	10,035	87.3	87.4	87.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,205	8,855	8,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,265	1,140	1,125	13.2	12.9	13.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,640	810	835	9.5	9.1	10.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	620	330	290	3.6	3.7	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,940	7,715	7,225	86.8	87.1	86.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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