Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Jean-sur-RichelieuMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	88,083	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,022^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,351	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,089	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,637.3	...	...	1,637.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	53.80	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	88,075	43,055	45,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,900	7,715	7,190	16.9	17.9	16.0
0 to 4 years	4,485	2,315	2,170	5.1	5.4	4.8
5 to 9 years	4,985	2,575	2,405	5.7	6.0	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,435	2,820	2,615	6.2	6.5	5.8
15 to 64 years	53,920	26,790	27,130	61.2	62.2	60.3
15 to 19 years	4,340	2,235	2,105	4.9	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	4,250	2,135	2,110	4.8	5.0	4.7
25 to 29 years	5,170	2,640	2,525	5.9	6.1	5.6
30 to 34 years	5,445	2,740	2,705	6.2	6.4	6.0
35 to 39 years	5,535	2,730	2,805	6.3	6.3	6.2
40 to 44 years	5,925	2,965	2,960	6.7	6.9	6.6
45 to 49 years	5,270	2,610	2,665	6.0	6.1	5.9
50 to 54 years	5,360	2,630	2,730	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	6,215	3,040	3,170	7.1	7.1	7.0
60 to 64 years	6,410	3,065	3,345	7.3	7.1	7.4
65 years and over	19,255	8,550	10,705	21.9	19.9	23.8
65 to 69 years	5,745	2,705	3,045	6.5	6.3	6.8
70 to 74 years	4,980	2,295	2,690	5.7	5.3	6.0
75 to 79 years	3,730	1,710	2,020	4.2	4.0	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,440	995	1,445	2.8	2.3	3.2
85 years and over	2,360	850	1,510	2.7	2.0	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,435	550	885	1.6	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	735	255	480	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	165	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.9	16.0	16.9	17.9	16.0
15 to 64 years	61.2	62.2	60.3	61.2	62.2	60.3
65 years and over	21.9	19.9	23.8	21.9	19.9	23.8
85 years and over	2.7	2.0	3.4	2.7	2.0	3.4
Average age of the population	43.2	41.9	44.5	43.2	41.9	44.5
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	45.2	43.6	42.0	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,435	...	...	47.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,370	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	940	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,905	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,610	...	...	39.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	450	...	...	1.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,685	...	...	35.0	...	...
2 persons	13,685	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 persons	5,110	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	4,455	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,150	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	85,900	42,300	43,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,180	35,345	37,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,030	20,440	20,585	56.1	57.8	54.4
Married	20,505	10,210	10,295	28.0	28.9	27.2
Living common-law	20,520	10,230	10,295	28.0	28.9	27.2
Living common law - Never married	16,465	8,180	8,285	22.5	23.1	21.9
Living common law - Separated	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,430	1,760	1,670	4.7	5.0	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	435	190	240	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	32,145	14,900	17,250	43.9	42.2	45.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,985	11,255	9,725	28.7	31.8	25.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,055	460	600	1.4	1.3	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,660	2,135	3,530	7.7	6.0	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,450	1,050	3,395	6.1	3.0	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,645	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	4,845	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	4,280	...	...	17.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,765	...	...	7.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,200	...	...	82.4	...	...
Married couples	9,945	...	...	40.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,845	...	...	15.7	...	...
Without children	6,095	...	...	24.9	...	...
Common-law couples	10,255	...	...	41.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,355	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	4,900	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,325	...	...	17.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,130	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,200	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	85,900	42,300	43,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,285	33,915	34,365	79.5	80.2	78.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,405	20,150	20,250	47.0	47.6	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,325	1,200	3,125	5.0	2.8	7.2
Children⁶	23,555	12,565	10,990	27.4	29.7	25.2
In a two-parent family	17,045	8,995	8,060	19.8	21.3	18.5
In a one-parent family	6,510	3,575	2,935	7.6	8.5	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,620	8,380	9,240	20.5	19.8	21.2
Living alone	13,685	6,315	7,375	15.9	14.9	16.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,505	650	855	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,430	1,415	1,015	2.8	3.3	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,785	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	19,045	...	...	48.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,675	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	10,375	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,735	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	585	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	745	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,190	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	13,685	...	...	35.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,025	34,595	36,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,685	33,960	35,725	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	38,000	42,000	47,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,700	33,965	35,730	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	34,000	37,200	40,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,640	31,125	31,510	88.2	90.0	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	28,600	34,800	42,000	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,090	25,805	24,285	70.5	74.6	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	32,800	38,400	44,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,120	26,725	31,395	81.8	77.3	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,400	12,700	11,800	10,400	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,040	4,770	4,265	12.7	13.8	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,160	5,480	5,320	5,160	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,965	10,440	9,525	28.1	30.2	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,065	34,595	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,765	33,960	35,810	98.2	98.2	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	56,000	44,000	49,840	56,000	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,775	33,965	35,810	98.2	98.2	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,280	45,240	37,560	41,280	45,240	37,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,540	31,100	31,440	88.0	89.9	86.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	51,000	36,680	43,800	51,000	36,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,110	25,865	24,245	70.5	74.8	66.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	50,440	39,640	45,200	50,440	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,930	26,610	31,315	81.5	76.9	85.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,740	11,840	13,500	12,740	11,840	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,945	4,880	4,065	12.6	14.1	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	5,800	7,620	6,620	5,800	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,300	10,695	9,605	28.6	30.9	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,140	7,880	7,490	7,140	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,070	34,590	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,780	13,230	11,550	34.9	38.2	31.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	63,200	52,000	57,600	63,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,500	70,300	57,950	64,500	70,300	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,005	9,820	10,190	28.1	28.4	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	26,000	18,600	21,600	26,000	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,440	33,920	25,160	29,440	33,920	25,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.4	73.2	78.8	83.4	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	68.6	61.0	65.2	68.6	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.6	26.8	21.2	16.6	26.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.6	5.9	5.1	4.6	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	4.8	4.4	4.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,030	34,595	36,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,340	635	705	1.9	1.8	1.9
With total income	69,685	33,960	35,730	98.1	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,915	1,710	2,210	5.6	5.0	6.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,880	3,050	4,830	11.3	9.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,500	4,890	6,610	16.5	14.4	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	9,430	4,100	5,325	13.5	12.1	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,160	4,360	4,795	13.1	12.8	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,560	3,805	3,760	10.8	11.2	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,605	3,080	2,525	8.0	9.1	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	2,510	1,690	6.0	7.4	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	1,885	1,400	4.7	5.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	1,215	885	3.0	3.6	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,060	3,360	1,695	7.3	9.9	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	3,765	2,450	1,315	5.4	7.2	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,290	910	380	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,030	34,595	36,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,330	625	700	1.9	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	69,695	33,970	35,730	98.1	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,225	1,790	2,435	6.1	5.3	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,310	3,270	5,040	11.9	9.6	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,530	5,785	7,745	19.4	17.0	21.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,145	5,655	6,490	17.4	16.6	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,785	5,480	5,300	15.5	16.1	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,665	4,180	3,480	11.0	12.3	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,345	3,070	2,275	7.7	9.0	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,130	1,765	1,370	4.5	5.2	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,770	1,075	700	2.5	3.2	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	980	640	340	1.4	1.9	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,810	1,260	550	2.6	3.7	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,030	705	325	1.5	2.1	0.9
$125,000 and over	775	555	225	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,030	34,595	36,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,935	8,785	12,145	29.5	25.4	33.3
With employment income	50,090	25,810	24,285	70.5	74.6	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,615	2,850	2,760	11.2	11.0	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,705	1,575	2,135	7.4	6.1	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,865	2,545	3,320	11.7	9.9	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,245	2,240	3,000	10.5	8.7	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,465	2,575	2,895	10.9	10.0	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365	2,720	2,650	10.7	10.5	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545	2,470	2,070	9.1	9.6	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,680	2,185	1,495	7.3	8.5	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,945	1,765	1,180	5.9	6.8	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460	1,405	1,055	4.9	5.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,490	920	570	3.0	3.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,720	2,560	1,160	7.4	9.9	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,060	1,355	700	4.1	5.2	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,660	1,205	455	3.3	4.7	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,025	34,595	36,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,660	33,410	35,255	96.7	96.6	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	34,800	40,000	46,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,710	33,420	35,290	96.7	96.6	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	31,200	35,200	39,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,970	30,780	31,190	87.3	89.0	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,600	29,800	36,000	43,600	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,340	25,890	24,450	70.9	74.8	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	33,600	38,800	44,800	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,795	23,615	29,180	74.3	68.3	80.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	7,000	9,800	8,700	7,000	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,175	4,345	3,825	11.5	12.6	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,280	4,800	4,480	4,280	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,065	34,595	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,755	33,465	35,290	96.7	96.7	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,400	54,200	40,920	47,400	54,200	40,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,820	33,465	35,355	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	43,680	34,880	39,160	43,680	34,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,835	30,785	31,045	87.0	89.0	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,160	52,000	36,360	44,160	52,000	36,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,305	26,050	24,255	70.8	75.3	66.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	51,120	39,080	45,320	51,120	39,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,845	23,650	29,200	74.4	68.4	80.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,020	10,790	10,000	9,020	10,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,065	4,400	3,660	11.3	12.7	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,285	8,020	6,530	5,285	8,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,070	34,590	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,715	13,220	11,495	34.8	38.2	31.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	61,600	48,000	54,800	61,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,500	68,400	53,550	61,500	68,400	53,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,990	9,350	9,640	26.7	27.0	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	32,000	23,600	26,800	32,000	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,760	38,800	28,840	33,760	38,800	28,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	88.2	78.2	83.8	88.2	78.2
Employment income (%)	70.0	73.4	65.6	70.0	73.4	65.6
Government transfers (%)	16.2	11.8	21.8	16.2	11.8	21.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,520	...	...	44,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,840	...	...	37,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...	112,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	510	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	805	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,360	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,565	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,425	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,890	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,755	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,325	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,435	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,165	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,095	...	...	33.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,390	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,160	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,450	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,090	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	515	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	855	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,485	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,945	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,910	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,240	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,205	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,110	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,760	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,320	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,020	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,340	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,330	...	...	23.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,200	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,545	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,585	...	...	6.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,120	7,730	8,390	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	34,400	37,200	40,800	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,600	31,200	33,200	35,600	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	113,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...	121,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,035	7,625	8,410	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,440	46,920	40,280	43,440	46,920	40,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000	39,120	35,080	37,000	39,120	35,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	85,905	42,295	43,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,520	9,045	8,470	20.4	21.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,425	2,805	2,625	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	50,985	25,280	25,705	59.4	59.8	58.9
65 years and over	17,400	7,970	9,430	20.3	18.8	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,670	3,805	4,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,315	680	630	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	405	215	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,980	1,895	2,080	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,380	1,230	2,150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.0	11.2	10.1	9.0	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.7	7.3	7.5	7.7	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.5	8.1	7.8	7.5	8.1
65 years and over (%)	19.4	15.4	22.8	19.4	15.4	22.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	85,900	42,300	43,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,515	9,050	8,470	20.4	21.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,430	2,805	2,620	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	50,985	25,280	25,705	59.4	59.8	58.9
65 years and over	17,400	7,970	9,435	20.3	18.8	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,710	1,415	1,300	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	330	185	150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	55	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,085	1,115	975	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	115	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	2.0	1.3	1.6	2.0	1.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.4	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	85,905	42,300	43,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,885	22,375	24,510	54.6	52.9	56.2
In bottom decile	7,335	3,325	4,005	8.5	7.9	9.2
In second decile	9,235	4,220	5,020	10.8	10.0	11.5
In third decile	9,915	4,760	5,155	11.5	11.3	11.8
In fourth decile	10,170	4,950	5,215	11.8	11.7	12.0
In fifth decile	10,235	5,120	5,110	11.9	12.1	11.7
In top half of the distribution	39,020	19,925	19,100	45.4	47.1	43.8
In sixth decile	10,060	5,155	4,910	11.7	12.2	11.3
In seventh decile	9,700	4,995	4,710	11.3	11.8	10.8
In eighth decile	8,225	4,150	4,070	9.6	9.8	9.3
In ninth decile	6,730	3,415	3,315	7.8	8.1	7.6
In top decile	4,305	2,205	2,095	5.0	5.2	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,040	42,735	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	530	285	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
French only	48,305	22,015	26,285	55.5	51.5	59.3
English and French	38,055	20,375	17,675	43.7	47.7	39.9
Neither English nor French	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,040	42,735	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,675	1,380	1,295	3.1	3.2	2.9
French	83,320	40,820	42,500	95.7	95.5	95.9
English and French	900	485	420	1.0	1.1	0.9
Neither English nor French	145	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,040	42,735	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,375	41,865	43,505	98.1	98.0	98.2
Official languages	82,565	40,445	42,110	94.9	94.6	95.1
English	2,130	1,100	1,030	2.4	2.6	2.3
French	80,430	39,350	41,085	92.4	92.1	92.7
Non-official languages	2,810	1,420	1,385	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,805	1,415	1,385	3.2	3.3	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	295	225	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	455	265	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	445	255	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,725	860	865	2.0	2.0	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,210	610	600	1.4	1.4	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	255	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	700	335	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,665	865	800	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	1,150	605	540	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	350	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,040	42,735	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,285	685	600	1.5	1.6	1.4
French	78,075	38,120	39,955	89.7	89.2	90.2
Non-official language	660	335	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	650	330	320	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	4,675	2,455	2,225	5.4	5.7	5.0
English and non-official language(s)	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,350	650	700	1.6	1.5	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	800	390	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,040	42,735	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,465	41,945	43,515	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	84,220	41,335	42,885	96.8	96.7	96.8
English	2,100	1,090	1,005	2.4	2.6	2.3
French	82,125	40,240	41,885	94.4	94.2	94.5
Non-official languages	1,240	610	630	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,240	610	625	1.4	1.4	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	775	385	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	540	265	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	360	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	795	780	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	1,025	515	520	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,040	42,740	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,375	39,830	41,545	93.5	93.2	93.8
English	3,210	1,715	1,500	3.7	4.0	3.4
French	1,040	510	530	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	835	410	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	830	405	425	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	86,030	42,375	43,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,850	42,300	43,545	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	38,305	20,540	17,770	44.5	48.5	40.7
French	85,280	41,995	43,280	99.1	99.1	99.1
Non-official languages	5,645	2,765	2,875	6.6	6.5	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,630	2,755	2,875	6.5	6.5	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	825	475	355	1.0	1.1	0.8
Berber languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	465	340	0.9	1.1	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	795	455	340	0.9	1.1	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	220	100	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,975	1,910	2,065	4.6	4.5	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	95	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	150	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	150	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	215	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,240	1,540	1,705	3.8	3.6	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	410	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	370	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	140	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	2,455	1,160	1,295	2.9	2.7	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,030	42,375	43,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,235	600	640	1.4	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,175	565	615	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	685	315	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	445	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	84,790	41,770	43,015	98.6	98.6	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,030	42,375	43,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	210	70	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,820	42,305	43,515	99.8	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,330	...	...	57.1	...	...
Renter	16,765	...	...	42.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,310	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not condominium	34,780	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,140	...	...	13.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,745	...	...	32.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,825	...	...	32.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,225	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,795	...	...	35.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,870	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	3,900	...	...	10.0	...	...
7 rooms	4,085	...	...	10.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,445	...	...	26.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,930	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,230	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	870	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,235	...	...	18.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,500	...	...	26.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,845	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,000	...	...	12.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,990	...	...	7.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,970	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,040	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,525	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,895	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,195	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,530	...	...	55.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,775	...	...	42.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	790	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	985	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,500	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,745	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,315	...	...	16.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,825	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,835	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,820	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,070	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,850	...	...	84.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,165	...	...	15.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,830	...	...	14.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,680	...	...	22.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,725	...	...	14.6	...	...
Not suitable only	695	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,705	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,415	...	...	77.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,275	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not in core need	35,410	...	...	91.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.8	...	...	67.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,234	...	...	1,234	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	377,200	...	...	377,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.5	...	...	25.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...	785	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	86,025	42,370	43,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,475	680	800	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,460	660	800	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,310	595	715	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,565	1,245	1,320	3.0	2.9	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,515	1,225	1,285	2.9	2.9	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,270	1,120	1,150	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	81,990	40,455	41,535	95.3	95.5	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	86,025	42,375	43,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	84,455	41,615	42,840	98.2	98.2	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,310	8,990	8,325	20.1	21.2	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,150	32,630	34,520	78.1	77.0	79.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,570	760	810	1.8	1.8	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	86,025	42,375	43,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	81,740	40,215	41,520	95.0	94.9	95.1
Immigrants⁸¹	3,895	1,950	1,945	4.5	4.6	4.5
Before 1980	710	375	335	0.8	0.9	0.8
1980 to 1990	365	160	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	460	250	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
2001 to 2010	930	455	470	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,435	705	725	1.7	1.7	1.7
2011 to 2015	670	360	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	765	345	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390	205	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,900	1,945	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	450	220	225	11.5	11.3	11.5
5 to 14 years	850	450	405	21.8	23.1	20.8
15 to 24 years	790	400	390	20.3	20.6	20.0
25 to 44 years	1,625	810	815	41.7	41.6	41.8
45 years and over	180	80	105	4.6	4.1	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,900	1,945	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	795	385	410	20.4	19.8	21.0
Brazil	70	30	35	1.8	1.5	1.8
Colombia	145	65	75	3.7	3.3	3.8
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	100	60	40	2.6	3.1	2.1
Jamaica	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Mexico	70	25	40	1.8	1.3	2.1
Peru	30	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	40	55	2.3	2.1	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	240	115	125	6.2	5.9	6.4
Europe	1,365	670	695	35.0	34.4	35.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
France	685	350	340	17.6	18.0	17.4
Germany	70	15	60	1.8	0.8	3.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	100	55	45	2.6	2.8	2.3
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	15	0.6	0.8	0.8
Portugal	115	65	50	2.9	3.3	2.6
Romania	40	20	20	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.8	0.8	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	235	115	115	6.0	5.9	5.9
Africa	1,060	565	495	27.2	29.0	25.4
Algeria	235	120	115	6.0	6.2	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	0.6	1.0	0.5
Egypt	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	210	140	70	5.4	7.2	3.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	565	280	290	14.5	14.4	14.9
Asia	670	335	340	17.2	17.2	17.4
Afghanistan	140	85	55	3.6	4.4	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	30	10	1.0	1.5	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	30	1.7	1.5	1.5
Turkey	40	20	15	1.0	1.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	45	15	35	1.2	0.8	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	30	0.8	0.0	1.5
Viet Nam	50	25	25	1.3	1.3	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistan	25	20	10	0.6	1.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	65	65	3.5	3.3	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	760	350	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	55	75	17.1	15.7	18.1
Brazil	20	15	10	2.6	4.3	2.4
Colombia	25	15	15	3.3	4.3	3.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	4.8
United States of America	20	10	15	2.6	2.9	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	3.9	4.3	3.6
Europe	200	95	110	26.3	27.1	26.5
France	155	80	75	20.4	22.9	18.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.4
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	3.9	4.3	4.8
Africa	175	70	105	23.0	20.0	25.3
Algeria	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	4.8
Burundi	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	50	15	35	6.6	4.3	8.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	25	30	7.2	7.1	7.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	1.3	2.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	2.6	2.9	3.6
Asia	260	125	130	34.2	35.7	31.3
Afghanistan	80	50	30	10.5	14.3	7.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	2.6	2.9	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	2.0	0.0	3.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	5.9	5.7	6.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.6	2.9	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	86,030	42,375	43,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,740	2,330	2,415	5.5	5.5	5.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,490	2,295	2,195	5.2	5.4	5.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,795	37,755	39,045	89.3	89.1	89.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,190	1,575	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,540	840	695	48.3	53.3	43.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	650	435	215	20.4	27.6	13.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	890	405	485	27.9	25.7	30.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	995	390	605	31.2	24.8	37.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	605	320	285	19.0	20.3	17.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	25	25	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,190	1,575	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	80	90	5.3	5.1	5.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	325	150	175	10.2	9.5	10.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	55	40	3.0	3.5	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	60	70	4.1	3.8	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	1.1	1.0	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,430	1,215	1,220	76.2	77.1	75.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	86,030	42,375	43,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,685	1,860	1,830	4.3	4.4	4.2
South Asian	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese	200	45	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
Black	1,275	665	605	1.5	1.6	1.4
Filipino	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	665	390	270	0.8	0.9	0.6
Latin American	725	360	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Southeast Asian	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	82,340	40,515	41,825	95.7	95.6	95.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	86,025	42,375	43,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,850	16,370	17,485	39.3	38.6	40.1
English	1,355	675	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
Irish	4,545	2,100	2,445	5.3	5.0	5.6
Scottish	1,495	745	750	1.7	1.8	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	19,660	9,855	9,805	22.9	23.3	22.5
German	1,150	580	575	1.3	1.4	1.3
Chinese	240	65	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,895	885	1,010	2.2	2.1	2.3
Indian (India)	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	250	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	405	205	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Québécois	12,770	6,375	6,400	14.8	15.0	14.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	200	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Filipino	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,340	3,600	3,735	8.5	8.5	8.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,120	1,065	1,055	2.5	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,945	955	990	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis	420	195	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	915	440	485	1.1	1.0	1.1
Russian	270	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	460	210	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	560	225	330	0.7	0.5	0.8
Spanish	485	210	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	920	420	495	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	290	185	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
Greek	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	970	485	485	1.1	1.1	1.1
Danish	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	515	215	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	815	385	425	0.9	0.9	1.0
Haitian	375	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	220	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	65	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	305	170	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	210	70	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazilian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	225	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	280	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	140	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	86,030	42,375	43,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	59,060	28,055	31,000	68.7	66.2	71.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,640	1,805	1,835	4.2	4.3	4.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	350	165	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	53,555	25,385	28,170	62.3	59.9	64.5
Christian Orthodox	250	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	350	145	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	85	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	490	195	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hindu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,245	705	540	1.4	1.7	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	25,330	13,420	11,910	29.4	31.7	27.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	85,160	41,885	43,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	74,985	36,865	38,125	88.1	88.0	88.1
Movers	10,170	5,020	5,155	11.9	12.0	11.9
Non-migrants	5,855	2,930	2,930	6.9	7.0	6.8
Migrants	4,315	2,095	2,220	5.1	5.0	5.1
Internal migrants	4,190	2,025	2,165	4.9	4.8	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,040	1,960	2,080	4.7	4.7	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	81,500	39,940	41,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,985	23,220	23,770	57.7	58.1	57.2
Movers	34,515	16,720	17,795	42.3	41.9	42.8
Non-migrants	18,210	8,820	9,390	22.3	22.1	22.6
Migrants	16,305	7,900	8,405	20.0	19.8	20.2
Internal migrants	15,425	7,470	7,955	18.9	18.7	19.1
Intraprovincial migrants	14,755	7,130	7,625	18.1	17.9	18.3
Interprovincial migrants	670	340	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
External migrants	880	430	450	1.1	1.1	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,070	34,590	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,270	8,730	7,540	22.9	25.2	20.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,800	25,870	28,935	77.1	74.8	79.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,170	22,210	22,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,295	4,390	2,910	16.2	19.8	12.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,875	17,825	20,050	83.8	80.3	87.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,070	34,595	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,375	7,495	6,880	20.2	21.7	18.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,175	8,420	8,745	24.2	24.3	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,520	18,675	20,850	55.6	54.0	57.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,365	14,065	14,310	39.9	40.7	39.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,085	7,845	5,245	18.4	22.7	14.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,450	4,865	4,585	13.3	14.1	12.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,635	2,975	660	5.1	8.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,945	5,360	7,580	18.2	15.5	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,340	860	1,485	3.3	2.5	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,150	4,615	6,540	15.7	13.3	17.9
Bachelor's degree	8,040	3,145	4,895	11.3	9.1	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	985	435	540	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,675	785	880	2.4	2.3	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,175	22,215	22,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,935	3,505	2,430	13.1	15.8	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,235	4,835	4,400	20.4	21.8	19.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,000	13,875	16,125	66.4	62.5	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,200	10,420	10,785	46.9	46.9	47.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,170	5,985	4,185	22.5	26.9	18.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,350	3,675	3,680	16.3	16.5	16.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,820	2,310	510	6.2	10.4	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,475	3,875	5,605	21.0	17.4	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,555	560	995	3.4	2.5	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,795	3,460	5,335	19.5	15.6	23.2
Bachelor's degree	6,435	2,455	3,980	14.2	11.1	17.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	725	300	430	1.6	1.4	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,310	560	750	2.9	2.5	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	80	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,070	34,595	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,550	15,920	15,630	44.4	46.0	42.9
Education	3,230	730	2,500	4.5	2.1	6.9
13. Education	3,230	730	2,500	4.5	2.1	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,340	575	760	1.9	1.7	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	165	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,130	410	720	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	1,945	835	1,105	2.7	2.4	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	30	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,165	530	635	1.6	1.5	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	285	75	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,180	740	2,435	4.5	2.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	125	255	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	45	900	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	500	150	350	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	535	90	440	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	715	310	405	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	8,930	2,925	6,010	12.6	8.5	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	580	80	500	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,345	2,840	5,505	11.7	8.2	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,070	535	540	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	130	240	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	95	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	200	145	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,225	920	300	1.7	2.7	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,105	855	250	1.6	2.5	0.7
25. Library science	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,000	8,305	690	12.7	24.0	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	215	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,005	885	120	1.4	2.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,000	1,775	225	2.8	5.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,310	2,240	70	3.3	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,910	1,830	80	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,555	1,445	105	2.2	4.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	310	280	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	235	235	0.7	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,320	770	4,550	7.5	2.2	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	125	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,955	600	4,360	7.0	1.7	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,690	2,015	1,675	5.2	5.8	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,910	525	1,390	2.7	1.5	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	890	710	185	1.3	2.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	835	740	90	1.2	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,170	22,210	22,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,175	8,340	6,830	33.6	37.6	29.7
Education	2,125	415	1,710	4.7	1.9	7.4
13. Education	2,125	415	1,710	4.7	1.9	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	435	625	2.3	2.0	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	120	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	900	315	590	2.0	1.4	2.6
Humanities	1,210	530	675	2.7	2.4	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	20	110	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	330	390	1.6	1.5	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	75	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	55	120	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,635	600	2,030	5.8	2.7	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	100	235	0.7	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	40	775	1.8	0.2	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	385	110	275	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	425	70	355	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	605	250	355	1.3	1.1	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,920	2,110	4,810	15.3	9.5	20.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	70	405	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,440	2,035	4,405	14.3	9.2	19.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	665	325	335	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	95	200	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	160	105	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,050	785	265	2.3	3.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	740	230	2.1	3.3	1.0
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,930	6,315	615	15.3	28.4	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	190	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	850	740	110	1.9	3.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,490	1,285	205	3.3	5.8	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,840	1,785	60	4.1	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,415	1,350	60	3.1	6.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,140	1,050	90	2.5	4.7	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	435	210	225	1.0	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	160	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,075	590	3,490	9.0	2.7	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	100	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,790	465	3,320	8.4	2.1	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,895	1,550	1,340	6.4	7.0	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,470	370	1,100	3.3	1.7	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	725	575	155	1.6	2.6	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	580	85	1.5	2.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,170	22,210	22,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,175	8,340	6,830	33.6	37.6	29.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,995	13,875	16,125	66.4	62.5	70.2
Location of study inside Canada	28,750	13,225	15,525	63.6	59.5	67.6
Same as province or territory of residence	28,145	12,935	15,210	62.3	58.2	66.2
Different than province or territory of residence	605	295	315	1.3	1.3	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,245	645	600	2.8	2.9	2.6
Americas	355	160	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	495	270	225	1.1	1.2	1.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	305	205	100	0.7	0.9	0.4
Germany	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	290	170	115	0.6	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asia	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,070	34,595	36,475	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,895	23,685	22,205	...	...	...
Employed	43,195	22,245	20,955	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,695	1,440	1,255	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,175	10,910	14,270	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.6	68.5	60.9	64.6	68.5	60.9
Employment rate	60.8	64.3	57.5	60.8	64.3	57.5
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,070	34,595	36,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,955	10,670	14,280	35.1	30.8	39.2
Worked	46,115	23,925	22,195	64.9	69.2	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,320	13,620	11,705	35.6	39.4	32.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,800	10,305	10,495	29.3	29.8	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.0	41.9	42.5	43.0	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,895	23,685	22,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	710	350	365	1.5	1.5	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,185	23,330	21,845	98.5	98.5	98.4
Employee	40,555	20,630	19,920	88.4	87.1	89.7
Permanent position	35,360	18,245	17,115	77.0	77.0	77.1
Temporary position	5,190	2,385	2,805	11.3	10.1	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,780	760	1,020	3.9	3.2	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,410	1,630	1,785	7.4	6.9	8.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,630	2,700	1,925	10.1	11.4	8.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,895	23,685	22,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	710	350	365	1.5	1.5	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,185	23,330	21,845	98.5	98.5	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	680	505	180	1.5	2.1	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,710	2,395	5,315	16.8	10.1	23.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,140	2,420	720	6.8	10.2	3.2
3 Health occupations	3,830	545	3,285	8.3	2.3	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,940	1,775	4,165	12.9	7.5	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,095	525	570	2.4	2.2	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	11,220	5,155	6,070	24.4	21.8	27.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,705	7,930	770	19.0	33.5	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	480	375	105	1.0	1.6	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,385	1,715	670	5.2	7.2	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,895	23,685	22,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	710	350	365	1.5	1.5	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	45,185	23,330	21,845	98.5	98.5	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	150	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	110	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	300	205	90	0.7	0.9	0.4
23 Construction	3,865	3,345	520	8.4	14.1	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	5,730	4,125	1,605	12.5	17.4	7.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,360	970	390	3.0	4.1	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,785	2,880	2,910	12.6	12.2	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,270	1,690	575	4.9	7.1	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	800	505	290	1.7	2.1	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,735	645	1,090	3.8	2.7	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	640	310	325	1.4	1.3	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,825	1,430	1,400	6.2	6.0	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,680	970	710	3.7	4.1	3.2
61 Educational services	3,335	935	2,395	7.3	3.9	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	6,715	1,020	5,690	14.6	4.3	25.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	515	280	240	1.1	1.2	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,325	1,080	1,240	5.1	4.6	5.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,845	890	960	4.0	3.8	4.3
91 Public administration	3,050	1,775	1,275	6.6	7.5	5.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,675	25,150	23,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	825	470	355	1.7	1.9	1.5
French	37,335	18,785	18,550	76.7	74.7	78.9
Non-official language	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,180	5,710	4,470	20.9	22.7	19.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	90	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,675	25,150	23,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,175	24,315	22,860	96.9	96.7	97.2
Official languages	47,115	24,275	22,845	96.8	96.5	97.1
English	2,280	1,315	960	4.7	5.2	4.1
French	44,835	22,955	21,880	92.1	91.3	93.0
Non-official languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,505	835	665	3.1	3.3	2.8
English and French	1,445	815	635	3.0	3.2	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,675	25,150	23,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,675	20,110	19,560	81.5	80.0	83.1
English	7,355	4,085	3,270	15.1	16.2	13.9
French	1,420	830	590	2.9	3.3	2.5
Non-official language	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,195	22,240	20,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,070	3,250	3,815	16.4	14.6	18.2
Worked outside Canada	70	60	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,835	3,690	1,150	11.2	16.6	5.5
Usual place of work	31,230	15,250	15,980	72.3	68.6	76.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,225	15,245	15,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,595	8,750	10,850	62.8	57.4	67.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	605	290	315	1.9	1.9	2.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,945	6,145	4,800	35.1	40.3	30.0
Commute to a different province or territory	75	65	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,060	18,935	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,955	17,525	15,430	91.4	92.6	90.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,160	16,690	14,470	86.4	88.1	84.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,795	840	960	5.0	4.4	5.6
Public transit	1,060	400	665	2.9	2.1	3.9
Walked	1,320	590	730	3.7	3.1	4.3
Bicycle	340	230	110	0.9	1.2	0.6
Other method	380	190	190	1.1	1.0	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,060	18,935	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,830	6,665	8,165	41.1	35.2	47.7
15 to 29 minutes	9,425	4,805	4,620	26.1	25.4	27.0
30 to 44 minutes	6,865	4,365	2,500	19.0	23.1	14.6
45 to 59 minutes	3,080	1,985	1,100	8.5	10.5	6.4
60 minutes and over	1,855	1,120	735	5.1	5.9	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,060	18,935	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,420	2,655	765	9.5	14.0	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,630	4,395	2,235	18.4	23.2	13.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,790	5,010	5,785	29.9	26.5	33.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,165	2,315	3,850	17.1	12.2	22.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,320	1,275	2,045	9.2	6.7	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,735	3,290	2,445	15.9	17.4	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,815	9,205	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,305	1,155	1,150	12.9	12.5	13.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,510	8,050	7,460	87.1	87.5	86.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,995	6,730	6,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,755	870	880	13.5	12.9	14.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,290	630	660	9.9	9.4	10.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	455	240	220	3.5	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,245	5,860	5,385	86.5	87.1	86.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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