Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	97,873	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	95,114	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,255	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,913	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	431.3	...	...	431.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	226.93	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	97,875	48,115	49,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,645	8,605	8,035	17.0	17.9	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,045	2,610	2,440	5.2	5.4	4.9
5 to 9 years	5,580	2,885	2,700	5.7	6.0	5.4
10 to 14 years	6,010	3,115	2,895	6.1	6.5	5.8
15 to 64 years	60,235	30,045	30,195	61.5	62.4	60.7
15 to 19 years	4,865	2,510	2,360	5.0	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	4,670	2,355	2,320	4.8	4.9	4.7
25 to 29 years	5,695	2,920	2,775	5.8	6.1	5.6
30 to 34 years	6,040	3,050	2,990	6.2	6.3	6.0
35 to 39 years	6,170	3,040	3,130	6.3	6.3	6.3
40 to 44 years	6,585	3,310	3,270	6.7	6.9	6.6
45 to 49 years	5,895	2,935	2,965	6.0	6.1	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,070	2,970	3,100	6.2	6.2	6.2
55 to 59 years	7,035	3,490	3,545	7.2	7.3	7.1
60 to 64 years	7,210	3,460	3,745	7.4	7.2	7.5
65 years and over	20,995	9,470	11,525	21.5	19.7	23.2
65 to 69 years	6,410	3,050	3,365	6.5	6.3	6.8
70 to 74 years	5,525	2,585	2,940	5.6	5.4	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,050	1,890	2,155	4.1	3.9	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,585	1,070	1,520	2.6	2.2	3.1
85 years and over	2,425	880	1,545	2.5	1.8	3.1
85 to 89 years	1,485	575	910	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	750	260	490	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	165	35	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.9	16.1	17.0	17.9	16.1
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.4	60.7	61.5	62.4	60.7
65 years and over	21.5	19.7	23.2	21.5	19.7	23.2
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	43.1	41.9	44.2	43.1	41.9	44.2
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	45.2	43.6	42.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,495	...	...	50.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,395	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	940	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,960	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,780	...	...	36.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	710	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,455	...	...	33.7	...	...
2 persons	15,200	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	5,745	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	5,035	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,475	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	95,700	47,355	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,230	39,510	41,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,450	23,155	23,300	57.2	58.6	55.8
Married	23,170	11,545	11,620	28.5	29.2	27.9
Living common-law	23,285	11,605	11,680	28.7	29.4	28.0
Living common law - Never married	18,715	9,295	9,415	23.0	23.5	22.6
Living common law - Separated	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,865	1,975	1,890	4.8	5.0	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	490	225	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	34,780	16,355	18,420	42.8	41.4	44.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,920	12,400	10,520	28.2	31.4	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,140	505	630	1.4	1.3	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,015	2,315	3,700	7.4	5.9	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,705	1,140	3,570	5.8	2.9	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,255	...	...	55.3	...	...
3 persons	5,470	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	4,840	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,005	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,900	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	11,260	...	...	40.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,345	...	...	15.8	...	...
Without children	6,920	...	...	25.1	...	...
Common-law couples	11,640	...	...	42.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,145	...	...	22.3	...	...
Without children	5,490	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,675	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,345	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,330	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	95,695	47,355	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,920	38,285	38,630	80.4	80.8	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,795	22,845	22,955	47.9	48.2	47.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,670	1,325	3,345	4.9	2.8	6.9
Children⁶	26,445	14,110	12,335	27.6	29.8	25.5
In a two-parent family	19,395	10,250	9,150	20.3	21.6	18.9
In a one-parent family	7,050	3,865	3,190	7.4	8.2	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,780	9,075	9,705	19.6	19.2	20.1
Living alone	14,460	6,805	7,655	15.1	14.4	15.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,670	720	955	1.7	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,650	1,555	1,100	2.8	3.3	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,545	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	21,545	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,860	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	11,690	...	...	27.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,995	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	680	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	845	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,265	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	14,460	...	...	33.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,075	38,760	40,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,610	38,060	39,550	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,600	38,000	42,400	47,600	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,630	38,070	39,560	98.2	98.2	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	34,000	37,600	41,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,950	34,975	34,975	88.5	90.2	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	28,800	35,200	42,400	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,045	28,975	27,070	70.9	74.8	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	32,800	38,800	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,515	29,880	34,635	81.6	77.1	85.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,200	12,600	11,600	10,200	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,070	5,315	4,755	12.7	13.7	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,160	5,480	5,360	5,160	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,240	11,680	10,560	28.1	30.1	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,080	38,740	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,650	38,020	39,625	98.2	98.1	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	56,100	44,160	50,000	56,100	44,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,660	38,025	39,640	98.2	98.2	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,240	45,040	37,640	41,240	45,040	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,805	34,895	34,910	88.3	90.1	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	51,040	36,800	43,920	51,040	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,045	28,990	27,060	70.9	74.8	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320	50,600	39,640	45,320	50,600	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,315	29,730	34,585	81.3	76.7	85.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	11,810	13,440	12,680	11,810	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,020	5,415	4,605	12.7	14.0	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	5,855	7,670	6,690	5,855	7,670
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,640	11,975	10,675	28.6	30.9	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,460	7,080	7,880	7,460	7,080	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,080	38,735	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,730	14,875	12,855	35.1	38.4	31.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	63,200	52,000	57,600	63,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	70,500	57,950	64,700	70,500	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,365	10,960	11,410	28.3	28.3	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	26,000	18,600	21,400	26,000	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520	33,920	25,300	29,520	33,920	25,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	83.6	73.4	79.0	83.6	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	68.8	61.3	65.4	68.8	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.0	16.5	26.6	21.0	16.5	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.5	5.9	5.1	4.5	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	4.8	4.4	4.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,075	38,760	40,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,465	700	770	1.9	1.8	1.9
With total income	77,605	38,060	39,545	98.1	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,460	1,930	2,530	5.7	5.1	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,790	3,440	5,355	11.3	9.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,590	5,370	7,220	16.2	14.1	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,340	4,520	5,820	13.3	11.9	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,160	4,860	5,295	13.1	12.8	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,475	4,285	4,190	10.9	11.3	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,285	3,470	2,820	8.1	9.1	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,710	2,845	1,870	6.1	7.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,720	2,155	1,570	4.8	5.7	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	1,370	980	3.0	3.6	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,715	3,815	1,900	7.4	10.0	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,270	2,790	1,480	5.5	7.3	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,450	1,025	420	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,075	38,760	40,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,445	690	760	1.8	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	77,630	38,070	39,555	98.2	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,810	2,025	2,785	6.2	5.3	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,285	3,685	5,600	12.0	9.7	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,785	6,350	8,435	19.0	16.7	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	13,385	6,255	7,130	17.2	16.4	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	12,085	6,185	5,905	15.6	16.2	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,625	4,750	3,875	11.1	12.5	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,990	3,475	2,520	7.7	9.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,525	2,000	1,525	4.5	5.3	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980	1,210	765	2.6	3.2	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	715	405	1.4	1.9	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,040	1,425	615	2.6	3.7	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,170	810	360	1.5	2.1	0.9
$125,000 and over	870	615	255	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,075	38,760	40,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,030	9,785	13,245	29.1	25.2	32.8
With employment income	56,050	28,975	27,070	70.9	74.8	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,335	3,240	3,095	11.3	11.2	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,115	1,750	2,370	7.3	6.0	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,585	2,850	3,735	11.7	9.8	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,785	2,460	3,320	10.3	8.5	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,035	2,840	3,190	10.8	9.8	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,020	3,050	2,970	10.7	10.5	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,045	2,765	2,285	9.0	9.5	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,160	2,470	1,690	7.4	8.5	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,310	2,000	1,310	5.9	6.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	1,605	1,185	5.0	5.5	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	1,040	620	3.0	3.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	4,210	2,910	1,300	7.5	10.0	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,330	1,545	780	4.2	5.3	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,875	1,360	515	3.3	4.7	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,075	38,760	40,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,445	37,440	39,005	96.7	96.6	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,400	34,800	40,400	46,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,500	37,445	39,050	96.7	96.6	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	31,400	35,600	40,000	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,165	34,575	34,590	87.5	89.2	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,600	30,000	36,400	43,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,270	29,030	27,235	71.2	74.9	67.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	33,600	39,200	45,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,370	26,270	32,105	73.8	67.8	79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,950	9,700	8,600	6,950	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,105	4,855	4,250	11.5	12.5	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,240	4,880	4,520	4,240	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,080	38,740	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,485	37,460	39,020	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	54,300	41,240	47,640	54,300	41,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,555	37,460	39,095	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	43,760	35,080	39,320	43,760	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,015	34,545	34,475	87.3	89.2	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	52,000	36,640	44,320	52,000	36,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,265	29,165	27,100	71.1	75.3	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,480	51,250	39,240	45,480	51,250	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,470	26,335	32,135	73.9	68.0	79.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	9,060	10,740	9,980	9,060	10,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,020	4,960	4,060	11.4	12.8	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,620	5,300	8,230	6,620	5,300	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,080	38,735	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,650	14,855	12,800	35.0	38.4	31.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	62,000	48,400	54,800	62,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,650	68,500	53,650	61,650	68,500	53,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,235	10,440	10,800	26.9	27.0	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	32,400	23,600	27,000	32,400	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,960	38,960	29,120	33,960	38,960	29,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	88.2	78.6	84.0	88.2	78.6
Employment income (%)	70.2	73.4	66.2	70.2	73.4	66.2
Government transfers (%)	16.0	11.7	21.4	16.0	11.7	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.1	1.6	1.3	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,240	...	...	45,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,280	...	...	38,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,100	...	...	93,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,450	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,645	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,965	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,025	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,650	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,910	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,845	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,940	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,555	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,940	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,405	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	550	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	880	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,595	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,050	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,360	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,270	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,150	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,670	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,360	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,945	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,585	...	...	24.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,900	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,980	...	...	6.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,105	8,355	8,750	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,200	34,800	37,600	41,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,400	33,600	36,000	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...	120,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,055	8,270	8,785	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,040	47,440	40,880	44,040	47,440	40,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	39,400	35,480	37,360	39,400	35,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	95,695	47,360	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,585	10,115	9,470	20.5	21.4	19.6
0 to 5 years	6,105	3,160	2,950	6.4	6.7	6.1
18 to 64 years	56,970	28,360	28,610	59.5	59.9	59.2
65 years and over	19,140	8,885	10,255	20.0	18.8	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,220	4,095	5,120	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,400	715	685	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	435	225	205	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,230	2,045	2,185	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,585	1,335	2,250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.7	10.6	9.6	8.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.1	7.2	7.2	7.1	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	7.2	7.1	7.1	7.2	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.2	7.6	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	22.0	18.7	15.0	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	95,695	47,355	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,585	10,110	9,475	20.5	21.3	19.6
0 to 5 years	6,105	3,155	2,945	6.4	6.7	6.1
18 to 64 years	56,970	28,360	28,610	59.5	59.9	59.2
65 years and over	19,145	8,890	10,255	20.0	18.8	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,835	1,485	1,355	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	190	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	55	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,175	1,170	1,005	...	...	...
65 years and over	310	125	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.8	1.3	1.5	1.8	1.3
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.1	3.5	3.8	4.1	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	95,700	47,360	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,420	24,725	26,695	53.7	52.2	55.2
In bottom decile	7,780	3,580	4,205	8.1	7.6	8.7
In second decile	10,015	4,605	5,410	10.5	9.7	11.2
In third decile	10,880	5,260	5,620	11.4	11.1	11.6
In fourth decile	11,255	5,525	5,725	11.8	11.7	11.8
In fifth decile	11,495	5,760	5,735	12.0	12.2	11.9
In top half of the distribution	44,275	22,630	21,640	46.3	47.8	44.8
In sixth decile	11,275	5,780	5,495	11.8	12.2	11.4
In seventh decile	10,980	5,635	5,340	11.5	11.9	11.0
In eighth decile	9,345	4,735	4,610	9.8	10.0	9.5
In ninth decile	7,805	3,975	3,835	8.2	8.4	7.9
In top decile	4,875	2,505	2,370	5.1	5.3	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	95,695	...	...	95,695	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	96,835	47,805	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	580	310	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
French only	53,745	24,715	29,025	55.5	51.7	59.2
English and French	42,345	22,705	19,640	43.7	47.5	40.1
Neither English nor French	165	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	96,835	47,805	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,000	1,530	1,470	3.1	3.2	3.0
French	92,690	45,690	47,000	95.7	95.6	95.8
English and French	995	525	470	1.0	1.1	1.0
Neither English nor French	150	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	96,835	47,805	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,980	46,835	48,140	98.1	98.0	98.2
Official languages	91,965	45,320	46,650	95.0	94.8	95.1
English	2,385	1,215	1,175	2.5	2.5	2.4
French	89,580	44,105	45,475	92.5	92.3	92.7
Non-official languages	3,010	1,520	1,495	3.1	3.2	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,005	1,515	1,490	3.1	3.2	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	540	305	235	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	265	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,880	935	945	1.9	2.0	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,310	655	650	1.4	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	750	360	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,860	965	890	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	1,310	690	620	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	360	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	96,835	47,805	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,450	770	690	1.5	1.6	1.4
French	87,040	42,760	44,280	89.9	89.4	90.3
Non-official language	680	350	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	670	345	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	5,165	2,715	2,455	5.3	5.7	5.0
English and non-official language(s)	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,415	680	735	1.5	1.4	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	875	425	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	96,835	47,805	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,105	46,940	48,165	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	93,805	46,300	47,510	96.9	96.9	96.9
English	2,370	1,225	1,140	2.4	2.6	2.3
French	91,440	45,075	46,370	94.4	94.3	94.6
Non-official languages	1,300	645	655	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,295	640	650	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	820	405	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	565	285	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,730	865	870	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	1,150	570	580	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	370	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	96,835	47,805	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	90,665	44,625	46,045	93.6	93.3	93.9
English	3,500	1,880	1,625	3.6	3.9	3.3
French	1,145	560	585	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	900	435	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	895	435	455	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	95,695	47,355	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	95,505	47,285	48,220	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	42,640	22,895	19,745	44.6	48.3	40.8
French	94,890	46,965	47,930	99.2	99.2	99.2
Non-official languages	6,160	3,010	3,150	6.4	6.4	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,145	3,000	3,145	6.4	6.3	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	865	490	380	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	100	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	845	480	360	0.9	1.0	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	830	470	360	0.9	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,400	2,110	2,290	4.6	4.5	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	115	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	110	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	285	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,550	1,690	1,860	3.7	3.6	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	390	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	2,715	1,270	1,440	2.8	2.7	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	95,695	47,360	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,415	695	720	1.5	1.5	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,325	640	685	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	755	360	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	530	255	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	94,285	46,665	47,620	98.5	98.5	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	95,695	47,360	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	250	95	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,445	47,265	48,180	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,725	...	...	60.0	...	...
Renter	17,185	...	...	40.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,350	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not condominium	38,560	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,305	...	...	12.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,650	...	...	31.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,425	...	...	33.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,360	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,345	...	...	33.4	...	...
5 rooms	7,520	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,465	...	...	10.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,635	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,950	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,735	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,975	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	935	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,805	...	...	18.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,955	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,630	...	...	15.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,410	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,225	...	...	7.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,110	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,120	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,660	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,470	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,440	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,190	...	...	54.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,835	...	...	43.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	885	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,025	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,925	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,445	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,005	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,750	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,510	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,120	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,125	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,305	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,475	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,120	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,275	...	...	21.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,020	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not suitable only	755	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,930	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	395	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,635	...	...	78.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,350	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not in core need	39,075	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,675	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.7	...	...	67.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,227	...	...	1,227	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	377,600	...	...	377,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.3	...	...	25.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...	785	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	95,695	47,360	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,605	735	870	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,590	720	870	1.7	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,415	645	770	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,800	1,390	1,415	2.9	2.9	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,750	1,370	1,385	2.9	2.9	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,480	1,250	1,230	2.6	2.6	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	91,295	45,235	46,060	95.4	95.5	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	95,695	47,360	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,025	46,565	47,460	98.3	98.3	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,300	10,025	9,275	20.2	21.2	19.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,725	36,540	38,185	78.1	77.2	79.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,670	795	875	1.7	1.7	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	95,695	47,360	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,080	45,055	46,025	95.2	95.1	95.2
Immigrants⁸¹	4,205	2,085	2,120	4.4	4.4	4.4
Before 1980	790	415	375	0.8	0.9	0.8
1980 to 1990	410	180	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	500	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	980	490	495	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,525	735	790	1.6	1.6	1.6
2011 to 2015	730	385	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	800	355	445	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	415	220	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,205	2,085	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	490	245	250	11.7	11.8	11.8
5 to 14 years	915	475	435	21.8	22.8	20.5
15 to 24 years	850	430	425	20.2	20.6	20.0
25 to 44 years	1,740	855	890	41.4	41.0	42.0
45 years and over	205	80	125	4.9	3.8	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,205	2,085	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	855	405	450	20.3	19.4	21.2
Brazil	75	35	35	1.8	1.7	1.7
Colombia	150	70	75	3.6	3.4	3.5
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	60	40	2.5	2.9	1.9
Jamaica	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	30	50	1.8	1.4	2.4
Peru	35	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	45	60	2.6	2.2	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	260	120	145	6.2	5.8	6.8
Europe	1,485	720	760	35.3	34.5	35.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
France	730	370	365	17.4	17.7	17.2
Germany	80	15	70	1.9	0.7	3.3
Greece	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	105	60	45	2.5	2.9	2.1
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Poland	25	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.7
Portugal	125	70	50	3.0	3.4	2.4
Romania	40	25	20	1.0	1.2	0.9
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.7	0.7	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	265	135	130	6.3	6.5	6.1
Africa	1,095	580	515	26.0	27.8	24.3
Algeria	255	130	125	6.1	6.2	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	0.6	1.0	0.5
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	215	140	75	5.1	6.7	3.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	580	285	295	13.8	13.7	13.9
Asia	760	370	390	18.1	17.7	18.4
Afghanistan	175	90	80	4.2	4.3	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	35	10	1.1	1.7	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	30	1.5	1.4	1.4
Turkey	40	20	15	1.0	1.0	0.7
China⁹⁰	75	25	50	1.8	1.2	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	25	0.6	0.0	1.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	30	0.7	0.0	1.4
Viet Nam	60	35	25	1.4	1.7	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.7	1.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	75	65	3.3	3.6	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	800	355	445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	140	60	85	17.5	16.9	19.1
Brazil	20	15	10	2.5	4.2	2.2
Colombia	25	15	15	3.1	4.2	3.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	3.1	0.0	5.6
United States of America	20	10	15	2.5	2.8	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	25	4.4	4.2	5.6
Europe	210	95	120	26.3	26.8	27.0
France	160	80	80	20.0	22.5	18.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	4.4	4.2	4.5
Africa	185	75	110	23.1	21.1	24.7
Algeria	30	10	20	3.8	2.8	4.5
Burundi	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.2
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	50	15	35	6.3	4.2	7.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	25	30	6.9	7.0	6.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	2.5	2.8	3.4
Asia	260	125	140	32.5	35.2	31.5
Afghanistan	80	50	30	10.0	14.1	6.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	2.5	2.8	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	1.9	0.0	3.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	5.6	5.6	5.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.5	2.8	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	95,695	47,355	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,095	2,485	2,610	5.3	5.2	5.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,925	2,535	2,395	5.1	5.4	5.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,675	42,335	43,335	89.5	89.4	89.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,415	1,665	1,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,625	900	730	47.6	54.1	41.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	690	460	230	20.2	27.6	13.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	935	435	495	27.4	26.1	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,090	410	680	31.9	24.6	39.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	645	335	315	18.9	20.1	18.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	25	25	1.5	1.5	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,415	1,665	1,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	80	90	5.0	4.8	5.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	365	165	195	10.7	9.9	11.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	55	40	2.8	3.3	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	70	75	4.1	4.2	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	15	20	1.2	0.9	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,600	1,280	1,320	76.1	76.9	75.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	95,695	47,355	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,935	1,975	1,965	4.1	4.2	4.1
South Asian	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese	245	60	185	0.3	0.1	0.4
Black	1,300	680	610	1.4	1.4	1.3
Filipino	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	695	405	295	0.7	0.9	0.6
Latin American	760	375	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Southeast Asian	325	170	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Asian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,760	45,385	46,375	95.9	95.8	95.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	95,695	47,355	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,430	18,220	19,210	39.1	38.5	39.7
English	1,525	770	755	1.6	1.6	1.6
Irish	5,165	2,430	2,740	5.4	5.1	5.7
Scottish	1,715	830	885	1.8	1.8	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,115	11,140	10,980	23.1	23.5	22.7
German	1,250	630	620	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese	275	80	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	2,115	1,010	1,105	2.2	2.1	2.3
Indian (India)	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	445	225	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Québécois	14,165	7,085	7,075	14.8	15.0	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	215	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Filipino	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	8,260	4,055	4,195	8.6	8.6	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,360	1,200	1,160	2.5	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,055	1,005	1,045	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	475	210	270	0.5	0.4	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,100	535	560	1.1	1.1	1.2
Russian	285	165	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	510	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	585	235	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	500	220	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,015	460	555	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	305	185	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Greek	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,135	555	575	1.2	1.2	1.2
Danish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	570	265	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	915	435	480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Haitian	375	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	190	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	305	170	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	215	75	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazilian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	255	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	305	190	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	140	75	75	0.1	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	235	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	140	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	95,700	47,360	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	65,910	31,515	34,395	68.9	66.5	71.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,110	2,055	2,055	4.3	4.3	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	370	170	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	59,650	28,470	31,180	62.3	60.1	64.5
Christian Orthodox	310	175	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	400	180	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	85	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	165	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	560	220	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,315	735	580	1.4	1.6	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	28,020	14,890	13,140	29.3	31.4	27.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	94,720	46,820	47,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,725	41,405	42,320	88.4	88.4	88.4
Movers	10,990	5,410	5,580	11.6	11.6	11.6
Non-migrants	6,245	3,105	3,140	6.6	6.6	6.6
Migrants	4,745	2,310	2,440	5.0	4.9	5.1
Internal migrants	4,610	2,230	2,375	4.9	4.8	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,455	2,165	2,290	4.7	4.6	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	150	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,650	44,665	45,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,180	26,465	26,715	58.7	59.3	58.1
Movers	37,465	18,200	19,270	41.3	40.7	41.9
Non-migrants	19,385	9,415	9,970	21.4	21.1	21.7
Migrants	18,080	8,785	9,300	19.9	19.7	20.2
Internal migrants	17,160	8,335	8,825	18.9	18.7	19.2
Intraprovincial migrants	16,445	7,970	8,475	18.1	17.8	18.4
Interprovincial migrants	715	365	350	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	920	450	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,080	38,735	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,865	9,710	8,155	22.6	25.1	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,210	29,025	32,180	77.4	74.9	79.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,495	24,955	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,065	4,900	3,165	16.0	19.6	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,430	20,055	22,375	84.0	80.4	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,075	38,740	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,780	8,325	7,455	20.0	21.5	18.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,210	9,460	9,745	24.3	24.4	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,090	20,950	23,140	55.8	54.1	57.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,825	15,870	15,955	40.2	41.0	39.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,835	8,985	5,850	18.8	23.2	14.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,615	5,485	5,125	13.4	14.2	12.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,220	3,495	725	5.3	9.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,445	5,980	8,470	18.3	15.4	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,545	910	1,635	3.2	2.3	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,265	5,080	7,185	15.5	13.1	17.8
Bachelor's degree	8,840	3,495	5,340	11.2	9.0	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,070	480	595	1.4	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,840	845	990	2.3	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,495	24,955	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,555	3,905	2,650	13.0	15.6	10.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,390	5,425	4,970	20.6	21.7	19.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,550	15,625	17,920	66.4	62.6	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,820	11,785	12,035	47.2	47.2	47.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,560	6,885	4,680	22.9	27.6	18.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,245	4,135	4,110	16.3	16.6	16.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,315	2,750	565	6.6	11.0	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,580	4,310	6,265	21.0	17.3	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,680	590	1,090	3.3	2.4	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,725	3,840	5,890	19.3	15.4	23.1
Bachelor's degree	7,095	2,750	4,350	14.1	11.0	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	805	330	475	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	80	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,440	600	840	2.9	2.4	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	85	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,075	38,735	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,990	17,785	17,200	44.2	45.9	42.6
Education	3,555	800	2,755	4.5	2.1	6.8
13. Education	3,555	800	2,755	4.5	2.1	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,505	645	860	1.9	1.7	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	185	60	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,260	460	795	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	2,150	930	1,225	2.7	2.4	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	30	165	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,300	575	720	1.6	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	115	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	90	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,435	810	2,625	4.3	2.1	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	135	270	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	45	980	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	535	160	375	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	580	115	465	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	770	330	445	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	9,800	3,170	6,635	12.4	8.2	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	90	580	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,125	3,070	6,055	11.5	7.9	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,175	575	600	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	140	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	265	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	225	160	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,360	1,010	350	1.7	2.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	945	275	1.5	2.4	0.7
25. Library science	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,400	9,585	815	13.2	24.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	260	145	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,115	985	130	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,210	1,945	265	2.8	5.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,600	85	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,295	2,195	100	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,840	1,720	125	2.3	4.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	360	315	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	555	285	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,880	825	5,060	7.4	2.1	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,470	630	4,835	6.9	1.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,140	2,240	1,905	5.2	5.8	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,140	560	1,585	2.7	1.4	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	980	775	205	1.2	2.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	970	860	105	1.2	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,495	24,955	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,950	9,330	7,615	33.6	37.4	29.8
Education	2,350	465	1,885	4.7	1.9	7.4
13. Education	2,350	465	1,885	4.7	1.9	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,210	500	710	2.4	2.0	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	145	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,015	355	660	2.0	1.4	2.6
Humanities	1,320	575	745	2.6	2.3	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	20	125	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	785	355	435	1.6	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	80	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	55	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,830	650	2,180	5.6	2.6	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	110	240	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	880	40	845	1.7	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	400	120	280	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	460	90	375	0.9	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	650	265	380	1.3	1.1	1.5
Business, management and public administration	7,585	2,290	5,290	15.0	9.2	20.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	535	75	460	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,040	2,215	4,830	13.9	8.9	18.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	730	355	380	1.4	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	105	225	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	125	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,175	865	310	2.3	3.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,075	825	250	2.1	3.3	1.0
25. Library science	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,045	7,310	735	15.9	29.3	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	215	120	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	955	825	130	1.9	3.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,645	1,395	250	3.3	5.6	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,150	2,080	70	4.3	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,705	1,620	80	3.4	6.5	0.3
48. Precision production	1,380	1,270	110	2.7	5.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	255	250	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	200	220	0.8	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,535	635	3,895	9.0	2.5	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	110	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,195	495	3,705	8.3	2.0	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	1,720	1,525	6.4	6.9	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,650	400	1,250	3.3	1.6	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	790	620	170	1.6	2.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	770	670	100	1.5	2.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,495	24,955	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,950	9,330	7,615	33.6	37.4	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,545	15,625	17,920	66.4	62.6	70.2
Location of study inside Canada	32,200	14,935	17,260	63.8	59.8	67.6
Same as province or territory of residence	31,520	14,605	16,920	62.4	58.5	66.2
Different than province or territory of residence	680	335	345	1.3	1.3	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,350	685	660	2.7	2.7	2.6
Americas	365	160	210	0.7	0.6	0.8
United States of America	105	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	550	300	250	1.1	1.2	1.0
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	335	220	115	0.7	0.9	0.5
Germany	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	305	180	135	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	85	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,075	38,740	40,340	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,225	26,485	24,745	...	...	...
Employed	48,270	24,890	23,375	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,955	1,595	1,370	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,850	12,250	15,595	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.8	68.4	61.3	64.8	68.4	61.3
Employment rate	61.0	64.2	57.9	61.0	64.2	57.9
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.0	5.5	5.8	6.0	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,075	38,735	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,485	11,890	15,595	34.8	30.7	38.7
Worked	51,590	26,845	24,745	65.2	69.3	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,325	15,305	13,020	35.8	39.5	32.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,270	11,535	11,730	29.4	29.8	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.0	41.9	42.5	43.0	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,225	26,490	24,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	385	380	1.5	1.5	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,460	26,100	24,360	98.5	98.5	98.5
Employee	45,050	22,910	22,140	87.9	86.5	89.5
Permanent position	39,220	20,245	18,980	76.6	76.4	76.7
Temporary position	5,835	2,665	3,160	11.4	10.1	12.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,965	840	1,125	3.8	3.2	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,865	1,825	2,040	7.5	6.9	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,405	3,190	2,215	10.6	12.0	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,225	26,490	24,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	385	380	1.5	1.5	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,460	26,100	24,360	98.5	98.5	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	780	580	200	1.5	2.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,600	2,620	5,980	16.8	9.9	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,505	2,680	830	6.8	10.1	3.4
3 Health occupations	4,250	590	3,655	8.3	2.2	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,525	1,930	4,595	12.7	7.3	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,230	590	645	2.4	2.2	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,320	5,615	6,710	24.1	21.2	27.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,010	9,130	880	19.5	34.5	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	645	500	140	1.3	1.9	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,590	1,865	730	5.1	7.0	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,225	26,490	24,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	385	380	1.5	1.5	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	50,460	26,100	24,360	98.5	98.5	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	440	265	175	0.9	1.0	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	140	130	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	330	235	95	0.6	0.9	0.4
23 Construction	4,565	3,945	625	8.9	14.9	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,290	4,500	1,790	12.3	17.0	7.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,555	1,125	430	3.0	4.2	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,370	3,145	3,225	12.4	11.9	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,535	1,860	675	4.9	7.0	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	880	550	335	1.7	2.1	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,905	690	1,215	3.7	2.6	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	720	365	360	1.4	1.4	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,125	1,570	1,560	6.1	5.9	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,860	1,085	770	3.6	4.1	3.1
61 Educational services	3,710	1,025	2,675	7.2	3.9	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,390	1,105	6,290	14.4	4.2	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	605	325	285	1.2	1.2	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,525	1,165	1,360	4.9	4.4	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,125	1,045	1,080	4.1	3.9	4.4
91 Public administration	3,335	1,945	1,390	6.5	7.3	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,370	28,160	26,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	915	530	390	1.7	1.9	1.5
French	41,735	21,115	20,625	76.8	75.0	78.7
Non-official language	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	11,340	6,315	5,030	20.9	22.4	19.2
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	110	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,370	28,160	26,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,690	27,220	25,470	96.9	96.7	97.2
Official languages	52,620	27,180	25,445	96.8	96.5	97.1
English	2,525	1,460	1,060	4.6	5.2	4.0
French	50,095	25,720	24,380	92.1	91.3	93.0
Non-official languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,685	935	750	3.1	3.3	2.9
English and French	1,630	915	715	3.0	3.2	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,370	28,160	26,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,350	22,595	21,760	81.6	80.2	83.0
English	8,185	4,505	3,680	15.1	16.0	14.0
French	1,570	920	650	2.9	3.3	2.5
Non-official language	145	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,275	24,890	23,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,880	3,625	4,255	16.3	14.6	18.2
Worked outside Canada	70	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,540	4,285	1,255	11.5	17.2	5.4
Usual place of work	34,780	16,920	17,865	72.0	68.0	76.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,780	16,925	17,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,370	9,525	11,845	61.4	56.3	66.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	680	330	350	2.0	1.9	2.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,655	7,000	5,655	36.4	41.4	31.7
Commute to a different province or territory	75	65	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,315	21,205	19,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,985	19,680	17,305	91.7	92.8	90.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,015	18,790	16,225	86.9	88.6	84.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,970	890	1,080	4.9	4.2	5.7
Public transit	1,180	445	730	2.9	2.1	3.8
Walked	1,370	625	755	3.4	2.9	3.9
Bicycle	360	245	120	0.9	1.2	0.6
Other method	420	215	205	1.0	1.0	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,315	21,205	19,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,895	7,155	8,745	39.4	33.7	45.7
15 to 29 minutes	11,000	5,575	5,425	27.3	26.3	28.4
30 to 44 minutes	7,895	4,985	2,905	19.6	23.5	15.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,460	2,215	1,245	8.6	10.4	6.5
60 minutes and over	2,065	1,275	795	5.1	6.0	4.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,315	21,205	19,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,915	3,045	875	9.7	14.4	4.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,485	4,935	2,545	18.6	23.3	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,975	5,575	6,400	29.7	26.3	33.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,895	2,585	4,305	17.1	12.2	22.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,640	1,380	2,265	9.0	6.5	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,410	3,680	2,725	15.9	17.4	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,920	10,285	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,550	1,290	1,265	12.8	12.5	13.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,370	8,995	8,375	87.2	87.5	86.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,500	7,495	7,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,925	960	965	13.3	12.8	13.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,410	690	720	9.7	9.2	10.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	270	245	3.6	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,575	6,530	6,040	86.7	87.1	86.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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