Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Hyacinthe--BagotMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	105,086	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,693	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,810	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,775	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	55.8	...	...	55.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,881.60	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,090	52,165	52,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,635	9,015	8,620	16.8	17.3	16.3
0 to 4 years	5,285	2,720	2,560	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	5,990	3,075	2,915	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,360	3,215	3,145	6.1	6.2	5.9
15 to 64 years	63,900	32,505	31,400	60.8	62.3	59.3
15 to 19 years	5,350	2,745	2,600	5.1	5.3	4.9
20 to 24 years	5,270	2,690	2,585	5.0	5.2	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,915	2,970	2,945	5.6	5.7	5.6
30 to 34 years	6,000	3,125	2,880	5.7	6.0	5.4
35 to 39 years	6,335	3,180	3,155	6.0	6.1	6.0
40 to 44 years	6,990	3,610	3,380	6.7	6.9	6.4
45 to 49 years	5,930	3,055	2,875	5.6	5.9	5.4
50 to 54 years	6,350	3,215	3,135	6.0	6.2	5.9
55 to 59 years	7,730	3,870	3,860	7.4	7.4	7.3
60 to 64 years	8,030	4,050	3,980	7.6	7.8	7.5
65 years and over	23,550	10,645	12,905	22.4	20.4	24.4
65 to 69 years	7,200	3,510	3,690	6.9	6.7	7.0
70 to 74 years	6,060	2,935	3,125	5.8	5.6	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,500	2,095	2,400	4.3	4.0	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,790	1,170	1,620	2.7	2.2	3.1
85 years and over	3,005	940	2,065	2.9	1.8	3.9
85 to 89 years	1,815	635	1,180	1.7	1.2	2.2
90 to 94 years	830	235	600	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	300	65	235	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	55	5	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.3	16.3	16.8	17.3	16.3
15 to 64 years	60.8	62.3	59.3	60.8	62.3	59.3
65 years and over	22.4	20.4	24.4	22.4	20.4	24.4
85 years and over	2.9	1.8	3.9	2.9	1.8	3.9
Average age of the population	43.5	42.5	44.6	43.5	42.5	44.6
Median age of the population	44.4	43.2	45.6	44.4	43.2	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,690	...	...	52.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,160	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	785	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,065	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,260	...	...	32.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,730	...	...	35.8	...	...
2 persons	16,850	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	5,470	...	...	11.7	...	...
4 persons	4,795	...	...	10.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,935	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	102,260	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,450	43,150	44,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,675	24,905	24,770	56.8	57.7	55.9
Married	25,250	12,740	12,510	28.9	29.5	28.2
Living common-law	24,425	12,165	12,265	27.9	28.2	27.7
Living common law - Never married	19,590	9,760	9,825	22.4	22.6	22.2
Living common law - Separated	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,125	2,105	2,015	4.7	4.9	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	500	205	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	37,775	18,245	19,530	43.2	42.3	44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,545	13,815	11,735	29.2	32.0	26.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	970	475	495	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,295	2,730	3,560	7.2	6.3	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,965	1,225	3,735	5.7	2.8	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,595	...	...	57.3	...	...
3 persons	5,175	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	4,670	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,495	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,395	...	...	84.3	...	...
Married couples	12,185	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,140	...	...	14.3	...	...
Without children	8,040	...	...	27.8	...	...
Common-law couples	12,210	...	...	42.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,395	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	5,815	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,545	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,160	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,390	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	102,265	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,960	40,425	40,535	79.2	78.9	79.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,790	24,335	24,450	47.7	47.5	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,550	1,390	3,155	4.4	2.7	6.2
Children⁶	27,630	14,700	12,925	27.0	28.7	25.3
In a two-parent family	20,620	10,865	9,750	20.2	21.2	19.1
In a one-parent family	7,010	3,835	3,180	6.9	7.5	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,305	10,830	10,470	20.8	21.1	20.5
Living alone	16,735	8,300	8,430	16.4	16.2	16.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,640	785	855	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,930	1,745	1,180	2.9	3.4	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,220	...	...	58.2	...	...
Couple-family households	23,245	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,020	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	13,225	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,975	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	470	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	800	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,425	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	16,735	...	...	35.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,640	42,250	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,145	41,490	41,655	98.2	98.2	98.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,600	39,600	44,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,150	41,490	41,660	98.2	98.2	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,400	35,200	38,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,125	38,155	36,970	88.8	90.3	87.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,000	25,800	31,800	38,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,160	31,640	28,520	71.1	74.9	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	29,600	34,800	40,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,470	33,810	36,660	83.3	80.0	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	9,800	12,900	11,600	9,800	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,155	5,980	5,180	13.2	14.2	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,160	5,480	5,320	5,160	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,075	12,185	10,895	27.3	28.8	25.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,645	42,250	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,090	41,450	41,635	98.2	98.1	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,760	50,600	40,920	45,760	50,600	40,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,090	41,460	41,635	98.2	98.1	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	41,560	35,640	38,600	41,560	35,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,360	38,230	37,135	89.0	90.5	87.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,760	44,880	32,400	38,760	44,880	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,160	31,755	28,405	71.1	75.2	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,880	44,280	35,000	39,880	44,280	35,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,310	33,825	36,480	83.1	80.1	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,540	11,260	13,720	12,540	11,260	13,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,280	6,060	5,225	13.3	14.3	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,045	7,210	6,580	6,045	7,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,175	12,335	10,840	27.4	29.2	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,290	6,930	7,710	7,290	6,930	7,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,645	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,945	16,815	13,135	35.4	39.8	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	52,800	46,400	50,000	52,800	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,400	59,350	52,600	56,400	59,350	52,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,065	11,710	12,360	28.4	27.7	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,400	16,800	20,000	24,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,280	31,120	21,680	26,280	31,120	21,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	81.8	70.6	76.8	81.8	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.1	67.0	58.3	63.1	67.0	58.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.2	18.2	29.4	23.2	18.2	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.1	5.3	4.7	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.5	4.1	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,640	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,500	755	740	1.8	1.8	1.7
With total income	83,140	41,490	41,650	98.2	98.2	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,810	2,105	2,705	5.8	5.1	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,450	4,215	6,230	12.6	10.2	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,925	6,700	8,230	18.0	16.1	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,880	5,420	6,465	14.3	13.1	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,150	6,080	6,070	14.6	14.7	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,450	5,050	4,395	11.4	12.2	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,480	3,745	2,740	7.8	9.0	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,175	2,635	1,540	5.0	6.4	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,895	1,715	1,180	3.5	4.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,955	1,130	825	2.4	2.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,970	2,695	1,275	4.8	6.5	3.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,035	1,990	1,040	3.7	4.8	2.5
$150,000 and over	940	705	235	1.1	1.7	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,640	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,495	755	735	1.8	1.8	1.7
With after-tax income	83,150	41,495	41,655	98.2	98.2	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,100	2,215	2,890	6.1	5.3	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,050	4,505	6,545	13.3	10.9	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,380	7,865	9,510	20.9	19.0	22.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,530	7,620	7,910	18.7	18.4	19.0
$40,000 to $49,999	14,110	7,570	6,540	17.0	18.2	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,605	4,925	3,685	10.3	11.9	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,940	2,845	2,095	5.9	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,855	1,595	1,260	3.4	3.8	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,380	805	575	1.7	1.9	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	830	550	280	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,365	990	375	1.6	2.4	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	775	550	225	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	595	435	155	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,640	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,485	10,610	13,875	28.9	25.1	32.7
With employment income	60,160	31,640	28,520	71.1	74.9	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,970	3,400	3,570	11.6	10.7	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,645	1,985	2,660	7.7	6.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,735	3,425	4,310	12.9	10.8	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,050	3,150	3,900	11.7	10.0	13.7
$30,000 to $39,999	7,555	3,780	3,775	12.6	11.9	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,620	4,115	3,500	12.7	13.0	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,625	3,370	2,255	9.4	10.7	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,950	2,550	1,400	6.6	8.1	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,770	1,860	915	4.6	5.9	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	1,315	955	3.8	4.2	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,265	805	460	2.1	2.5	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,690	1,870	825	4.5	5.9	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,515	1,010	510	2.5	3.2	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,180	865	315	2.0	2.7	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,640	42,250	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,020	40,910	41,110	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,000	36,800	42,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,040	40,910	41,130	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	29,400	32,800	36,400	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,970	37,660	36,310	87.4	89.1	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,200	26,800	32,800	39,200	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,495	31,720	28,775	71.5	75.1	67.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	29,600	34,800	40,800	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,290	30,230	34,065	76.0	71.6	80.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	6,850	10,200	8,700	6,850	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,535	5,715	4,815	12.4	13.5	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	4,120	4,440	4,280	4,120	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,645	42,250	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,905	40,845	41,055	96.8	96.7	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	48,680	37,520	43,080	48,680	37,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,930	40,845	41,080	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,040	39,520	32,600	36,040	39,520	32,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,100	37,745	36,355	87.5	89.3	85.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	45,720	32,080	39,040	45,720	32,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,430	31,820	28,610	71.4	75.3	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	44,520	34,200	39,640	44,520	34,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,030	30,145	33,885	75.6	71.3	79.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930	8,710	11,020	9,930	8,710	11,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,550	5,810	4,740	12.5	13.8	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,850	5,175	6,680	5,850	5,175	6,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,645	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,715	16,675	13,040	35.1	39.5	30.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	50,400	43,200	47,200	50,400	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,000	56,900	48,040	53,000	56,900	48,040
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,895	11,230	11,665	27.0	26.6	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,400	21,000	24,200	29,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,160	35,520	25,040	30,160	35,520	25,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.8	75.8	82.0	86.8	75.8
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.2	63.5	67.8	71.2	63.5
Government transfers (%)	18.0	13.2	24.2	18.0	13.2	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,560	...	...	42,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,480	...	...	36,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...	102,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	630	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,120	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,025	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,040	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,870	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,415	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,445	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,390	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,265	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,240	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,275	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,320	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,960	...	...	6.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,690	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	655	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,260	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,460	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,400	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,990	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,035	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,695	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,615	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,870	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,740	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,965	...	...	19.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,655	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,130	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,175	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,660	10,050	9,615	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800	32,400	35,600	38,800	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,400	29,800	32,000	34,400	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,100	...	...	103,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,600	...	...	111,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,250	...	...	62,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,620	10,035	9,585	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,360	43,840	38,800	41,360	43,840	38,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,520	36,880	34,120	35,520	36,880	34,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,860	10,685	10,180	20.4	20.8	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,400	3,295	3,110	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	60,305	30,615	29,695	59.0	59.7	58.2
65 years and over	21,090	9,960	11,135	20.6	19.4	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,320	5,725	6,595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,005	1,015	980	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	665	350	315	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,730	2,895	2,835	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,590	1,810	2,780	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.2	12.9	12.1	11.2	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.5	9.7	9.6	9.5	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.6	10.2	10.4	10.6	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5
65 years and over (%)	21.8	18.2	25.0	21.8	18.2	25.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	102,265	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,865	10,680	10,180	20.4	20.8	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,405	3,295	3,105	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	60,310	30,615	29,695	59.0	59.7	58.2
65 years and over	21,095	9,960	11,130	20.6	19.4	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,495	1,795	1,695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	525	250	270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	95	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,640	1,410	1,235	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	135	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,500	31,290	32,205	62.1	61.0	63.1
In bottom decile	10,090	4,760	5,330	9.9	9.3	10.4
In second decile	13,110	6,205	6,910	12.8	12.1	13.5
In third decile	13,240	6,590	6,650	12.9	12.9	13.0
In fourth decile	13,950	6,980	6,965	13.6	13.6	13.7
In fifth decile	13,105	6,750	6,350	12.8	13.2	12.4
In top half of the distribution	38,765	19,965	18,800	37.9	39.0	36.9
In sixth decile	12,045	6,215	5,825	11.8	12.1	11.4
In seventh decile	9,850	5,020	4,825	9.6	9.8	9.5
In eighth decile	7,840	4,050	3,790	7.7	7.9	7.4
In ninth decile	5,605	2,890	2,715	5.5	5.6	5.3
In top decile	3,430	1,785	1,645	3.4	3.5	3.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	102,265	...	...	102,265	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423	...	...	0.423	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.246	...	...	0.246	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	103,830	51,785	52,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	245	150	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	74,195	35,475	38,720	71.5	68.5	74.4
English and French	28,840	15,820	13,020	27.8	30.5	25.0
Neither English nor French	555	350	205	0.5	0.7	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	103,830	51,785	52,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,150	595	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	101,400	50,445	50,960	97.7	97.4	97.9
English and French	750	415	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Neither English nor French	525	335	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	103,830	51,785	52,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,540	51,100	51,440	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	98,150	48,795	49,360	94.5	94.2	94.9
English	915	465	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	97,240	48,325	48,915	93.7	93.3	94.0
Non-official languages	4,390	2,310	2,075	4.2	4.5	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,390	2,305	2,075	4.2	4.5	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	750	410	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	575	320	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	575	320	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,675	1,385	1,285	2.6	2.7	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,360	1,230	1,130	2.3	2.4	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,070	1,085	985	2.0	2.1	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	465	240	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,290	685	605	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	635	335	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	495	260	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	103,830	51,785	52,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	385	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	96,190	47,740	48,445	92.6	92.2	93.1
Non-official language	1,515	840	675	1.5	1.6	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,515	840	675	1.5	1.6	1.3
English and French	2,395	1,335	1,060	2.3	2.6	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,510	1,235	1,275	2.4	2.4	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	700	370	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	103,830	51,785	52,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,440	51,065	51,375	98.7	98.6	98.7
Official languages	99,880	49,685	50,200	96.2	95.9	96.5
English	675	350	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	99,210	49,330	49,875	95.6	95.3	95.8
Non-official languages	2,560	1,385	1,175	2.5	2.7	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,560	1,385	1,175	2.5	2.7	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	355	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,810	960	850	1.7	1.9	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,675	895	780	1.6	1.7	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,570	845	725	1.5	1.6	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,390	725	665	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and French	515	265	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	705	360	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	103,835	51,785	52,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,265	49,380	49,890	95.6	95.4	95.9
English	1,810	1,020	785	1.7	2.0	1.5
French	1,040	540	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,130	540	585	1.1	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,125	545	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,690	50,930	50,760	99.4	99.4	99.5
English	28,870	15,725	13,140	28.2	30.7	25.8
French	101,545	50,830	50,710	99.3	99.2	99.4
Non-official languages	7,465	3,755	3,705	7.3	7.3	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,460	3,755	3,700	7.3	7.3	7.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,045	560	480	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	900	500	405	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	890	490	405	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	320	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,000	2,490	2,510	4.9	4.9	4.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	220	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,550	2,255	2,290	4.4	4.4	4.5
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	270	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	3,970	1,985	1,980	3.9	3.9	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	755	415	340	0.7	0.8	0.7
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	260	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,525	735	790	1.5	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,375	660	715	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	920	410	510	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis	440	240	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	100,735	50,515	50,220	98.5	98.6	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	260	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,000	51,150	50,855	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,975	...	...	59.8	...	...
Renter	18,795	...	...	40.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,285	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not condominium	42,490	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	6,510	...	...	13.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,490	...	...	31.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,740	...	...	33.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,665	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,355	...	...	32.8	...	...
5 rooms	8,705	...	...	18.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,530	...	...	11.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,155	...	...	11.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,030	...	...	25.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,415	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,640	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,140	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,790	...	...	25.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,190	...	...	30.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,455	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,030	...	...	10.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,145	...	...	4.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,855	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,235	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,080	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,470	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,305	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,765	...	...	57.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,100	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	910	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,525	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,190	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,890	...	...	16.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,275	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,800	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,375	...	...	17.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,495	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,220	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,535	...	...	86.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,060	...	...	13.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,730	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,025	...	...	19.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,640	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	985	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,920	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,750	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,170	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not in core need	43,100	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,060	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,008	...	...	1,008	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	297,600	...	...	297,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...	21.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...	715	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	102,265	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,510	775	735	1.5	1.5	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,500	770	735	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,295	650	650	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis single ancestry	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,425	1,140	1,280	2.4	2.2	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,370	1,125	1,245	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,195	1,030	1,160	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,325	49,335	48,995	96.1	96.3	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	102,265	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,735	49,455	49,280	96.5	96.5	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,075	10,205	9,870	19.6	19.9	19.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,660	39,245	39,410	76.9	76.6	77.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,530	1,800	1,725	3.5	3.5	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	102,265	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,585	47,820	47,770	93.5	93.3	93.7
Immigrants⁸¹	5,150	2,570	2,585	5.0	5.0	5.1
Before 1980	570	320	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
1980 to 1990	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
1991 to 2000	400	145	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,435	745	695	1.4	1.5	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,500	1,240	1,265	2.4	2.4	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,235	625	610	1.2	1.2	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,270	610	655	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,520	870	655	1.5	1.7	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,155	2,565	2,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	765	360	405	14.8	14.0	15.7
5 to 14 years	945	505	445	18.3	19.7	17.2
15 to 24 years	790	410	380	15.3	16.0	14.7
25 to 44 years	2,330	1,105	1,230	45.2	43.1	47.6
45 years and over	330	190	140	6.4	7.4	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,155	2,565	2,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,600	765	835	31.0	29.8	32.3
Brazil	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.0
Colombia	860	445	420	16.7	17.3	16.2
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	185	85	100	3.6	3.3	3.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	100	45	60	1.9	1.8	2.3
Peru	55	20	35	1.1	0.8	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	90	50	40	1.7	1.9	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	240	105	135	4.7	4.1	5.2
Europe	1,150	585	565	22.3	22.8	21.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	15	25	0.7	0.6	1.0
France	560	305	255	10.9	11.9	9.9
Germany	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Greece	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	25	25	0.9	1.0	1.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Poland	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Portugal	50	25	25	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	330	160	165	6.4	6.2	6.4
Africa	1,945	1,000	945	37.7	39.0	36.6
Algeria	370	180	195	7.2	7.0	7.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	275	130	150	5.3	5.1	5.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	190	105	85	3.7	4.1	3.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,105	590	520	21.4	23.0	20.1
Asia	460	215	240	8.9	8.4	9.3
Afghanistan	35	15	15	0.7	0.6	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	120	60	55	2.3	2.3	2.1
Turkey	45	25	20	0.9	1.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	90	45	45	1.7	1.8	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	35	45	1.5	1.4	1.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,265	615	655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	120	110	18.6	19.5	16.8
Brazil	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
Colombia	145	85	60	11.5	13.8	9.2
Haiti	20	0	20	1.6	0.0	3.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	10	2.4	2.4	1.5
Europe	180	90	90	14.2	14.6	13.7
France	130	75	50	10.3	12.2	7.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	20	2.4	1.6	3.1
Africa	670	330	345	53.0	53.7	52.7
Algeria	95	45	55	7.5	7.3	8.4
Burundi	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	95	55	40	7.5	8.9	6.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	50	60	8.7	8.1	9.2
Côte d'Ivoire	170	85	85	13.4	13.8	13.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	160	85	75	12.6	13.8	11.5
Asia	175	70	105	13.8	11.4	16.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	0	20	1.6	0.0	3.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	120	60	55	9.5	9.8	8.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,020	3,600	3,420	6.9	7.0	6.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,705	1,755	1,955	3.6	3.4	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	91,530	45,905	45,635	89.5	89.6	89.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,585	2,240	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,050	1,085	970	44.7	48.4	41.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	920	580	340	20.1	25.9	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,135	505	625	24.8	22.5	26.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	970	375	600	21.2	16.7	25.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,525	765	755	33.3	34.2	32.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,585	2,240	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	290	165	125	6.3	7.4	5.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	270	110	155	5.9	4.9	6.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	15	1.0	1.1	0.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	55	40	2.1	2.5	1.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,875	1,880	2,000	84.5	83.9	85.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,080	3,155	2,925	5.9	6.2	5.7
South Asian	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese	205	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	2,640	1,375	1,265	2.6	2.7	2.5
Filipino	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	790	445	340	0.8	0.9	0.7
Latin American	1,935	985	940	1.9	1.9	1.8
Southeast Asian	175	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Asian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,180	48,095	48,080	94.1	93.8	94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	102,265	51,255	51,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,050	21,080	20,970	41.1	41.1	41.1
English	780	360	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Irish	3,005	1,465	1,535	2.9	2.9	3.0
Scottish	920	435	480	0.9	0.8	0.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,015	11,140	10,880	21.5	21.7	21.3
German	835	460	380	0.8	0.9	0.7
Chinese	175	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,040	470	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indian (India)	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	16,530	8,145	8,390	16.2	15.9	16.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	8,910	4,515	4,390	8.7	8.8	8.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,015	1,035	980	2.0	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,790	840	945	1.8	1.6	1.9
Métis	385	210	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	995	540	460	1.0	1.1	0.9
Russian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
American	475	270	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	470	245	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Swedish	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	735	385	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	425	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Greek	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,460	725	730	1.4	1.4	1.4
Danish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	325	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	490	235	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	470	235	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,060	510	555	1.0	1.0	1.1
Moroccan	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	310	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	305	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	425	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	175	130	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	365	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moldovan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	220	75	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Norman	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	102,260	51,255	51,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	73,975	36,295	37,685	72.3	70.8	73.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,545	2,755	2,790	5.4	5.4	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	480	210	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Catholic	66,070	32,415	33,650	64.6	63.2	66.0
Christian Orthodox	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	385	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	510	240	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	605	315	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,475	770	705	1.4	1.5	1.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	26,415	13,980	12,435	25.8	27.3	24.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	101,265	50,735	50,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,840	45,630	45,210	89.7	89.9	89.5
Movers	10,420	5,100	5,315	10.3	10.1	10.5
Non-migrants	5,115	2,430	2,690	5.1	4.8	5.3
Migrants	5,300	2,675	2,630	5.2	5.3	5.2
Internal migrants	5,005	2,485	2,525	4.9	4.9	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,955	2,460	2,495	4.9	4.8	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
External migrants	300	190	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	97,055	48,620	48,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,325	30,370	29,955	62.2	62.5	61.8
Movers	36,720	18,250	18,475	37.8	37.5	38.1
Non-migrants	13,945	6,810	7,135	14.4	14.0	14.7
Migrants	22,775	11,435	11,335	23.5	23.5	23.4
Internal migrants	20,555	10,250	10,305	21.2	21.1	21.3
Intraprovincial migrants	20,285	10,125	10,160	20.9	20.8	21.0
Interprovincial migrants	275	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	2,220	1,190	1,030	2.3	2.4	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,645	42,250	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,240	13,795	10,440	28.6	32.7	24.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,400	28,450	31,955	71.4	67.3	75.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,010	26,935	26,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,705	7,390	4,315	22.1	27.4	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,305	19,540	21,770	77.9	72.5	83.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,640	42,250	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,300	11,750	9,545	25.2	27.8	22.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,890	9,480	10,415	23.5	22.4	24.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,455	21,020	22,440	51.3	49.8	52.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,695	17,040	16,660	39.8	40.3	39.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,345	10,560	6,780	20.5	25.0	16.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,780	6,860	5,915	15.1	16.2	14.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,565	3,695	865	5.4	8.7	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,795	5,595	8,200	16.3	13.2	19.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,560	890	1,675	3.0	2.1	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,755	3,975	5,780	11.5	9.4	13.6
Bachelor's degree	6,510	2,495	4,015	7.7	5.9	9.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	840	340	495	1.0	0.8	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	155	310	0.5	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,665	835	825	2.0	2.0	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	150	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,015	26,935	26,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,595	5,970	3,625	18.1	22.2	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,415	5,375	5,040	19.6	20.0	19.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,005	15,590	17,415	62.3	57.9	66.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,315	12,665	12,655	47.8	47.0	48.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,570	7,960	5,610	25.6	29.6	21.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,085	5,155	4,925	19.0	19.1	18.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,490	2,800	685	6.6	10.4	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,035	4,075	5,955	18.9	15.1	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710	630	1,085	3.2	2.3	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,690	2,925	4,765	14.5	10.9	18.3
Bachelor's degree	5,070	1,845	3,230	9.6	6.8	12.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	675	255	420	1.3	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	385	115	270	0.7	0.4	1.0
Master's degree	1,345	610	735	2.5	2.3	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,640	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,190	21,235	19,955	48.7	50.3	47.1
Education	3,295	765	2,530	3.9	1.8	6.0
13. Education	3,295	765	2,530	3.9	1.8	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,160	580	580	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	150	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	985	430	550	1.2	1.0	1.3
Humanities	1,780	810	965	2.1	1.9	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,065	500	565	1.3	1.2	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	145	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,115	785	2,335	3.7	1.9	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,190	185	1,005	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	440	135	305	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	20	115	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	520	110	405	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	555	215	335	0.7	0.5	0.8
Business, management and public administration	8,740	2,580	6,160	10.3	6.1	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	510	90	425	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,225	2,485	5,740	9.7	5.9	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,245	575	670	1.5	1.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	505	240	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	60	180	0.3	0.1	0.4
40. Physical sciences	210	145	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,025	725	300	1.2	1.7	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	905	670	240	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,330	9,550	780	12.2	22.6	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	190	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	680	535	145	0.8	1.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,715	1,445	265	2.0	3.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,360	3,275	80	4.0	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,360	2,290	70	2.8	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	2,035	1,890	145	2.4	4.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,010	1,740	1,275	3.6	4.1	3.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,870	1,630	1,240	3.4	3.9	2.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	105	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,065	990	5,080	7.2	2.3	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	160	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,655	800	4,855	6.7	1.9	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,670	1,920	1,760	4.3	4.5	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,210	670	1,545	2.6	1.6	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	510	405	105	0.6	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	940	835	110	1.1	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,015	26,935	26,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,010	11,345	8,665	37.7	42.1	33.2
Education	2,175	455	1,725	4.1	1.7	6.6
13. Education	2,175	455	1,725	4.1	1.7	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	840	410	430	1.6	1.5	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	115	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	695	295	395	1.3	1.1	1.5
Humanities	995	460	540	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	290	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,460	530	1,930	4.6	2.0	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	95	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	985	95	890	1.9	0.4	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	345	100	240	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	400	65	335	0.8	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	445	165	280	0.8	0.6	1.1
Business, management and public administration	6,905	1,945	4,970	13.0	7.2	19.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	395	50	340	0.7	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,515	1,885	4,625	12.3	7.0	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	820	375	445	1.5	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	180	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	165	100	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	870	625	245	1.6	2.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	590	200	1.5	2.2	0.8
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,000	7,305	700	15.1	27.1	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	600	460	140	1.1	1.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,370	1,140	230	2.6	4.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,515	2,440	75	4.7	9.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,810	1,750	60	3.4	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,560	1,435	130	2.9	5.3	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,350	1,295	1,060	4.4	4.8	4.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,225	1,200	1,025	4.2	4.5	3.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	4,705	770	3,935	8.9	2.9	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	130	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,365	630	3,740	8.2	2.3	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,870	1,425	1,445	5.4	5.3	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,745	465	1,280	3.3	1.7	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	315	85	0.8	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	715	635	80	1.3	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,015	26,935	26,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,010	11,345	8,665	37.7	42.1	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,005	15,590	17,415	62.3	57.9	66.8
Location of study inside Canada	31,050	14,605	16,440	58.6	54.2	63.0
Same as province or territory of residence	30,720	14,430	16,290	57.9	53.6	62.5
Different than province or territory of residence	330	175	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,955	990	975	3.7	3.7	3.7
Americas	605	295	315	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	85	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexico	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	250	120	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Peru	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	585	280	305	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belgium	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	350	175	170	0.7	0.6	0.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	650	345	300	1.2	1.3	1.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	100	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	315	160	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asia	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,640	42,250	42,395	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,060	29,130	25,930	...	...	...
Employed	51,980	27,555	24,425	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,080	1,570	1,505	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,585	13,115	16,465	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.1	68.9	61.2	65.1	68.9	61.2
Employment rate	61.4	65.2	57.6	61.4	65.2	57.6
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,640	42,245	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,820	12,600	16,220	34.1	29.8	38.3
Worked	55,820	29,650	26,175	65.9	70.2	61.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,700	17,295	13,405	36.3	40.9	31.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,125	12,355	12,775	29.7	29.2	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.9	42.5	43.1	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,060	29,130	25,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	475	430	1.6	1.6	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,150	28,655	25,500	98.3	98.4	98.3
Employee	47,480	24,500	22,980	86.2	84.1	88.6
Permanent position	40,835	21,315	19,525	74.2	73.2	75.3
Temporary position	6,640	3,180	3,455	12.1	10.9	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,135	895	1,245	3.9	3.1	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,505	2,285	2,215	8.2	7.8	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,675	4,155	2,520	12.1	14.3	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,060	29,130	25,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	475	430	1.6	1.6	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,150	28,655	25,500	98.3	98.4	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	755	585	170	1.4	2.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,630	2,185	5,440	13.9	7.5	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,060	2,030	1,030	5.6	7.0	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,565	760	3,805	8.3	2.6	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,565	1,405	4,155	10.1	4.8	16.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,040	520	520	1.9	1.8	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	12,100	5,055	7,050	22.0	17.4	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,455	10,645	810	20.8	36.5	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,790	2,095	700	5.1	7.2	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,195	3,375	1,815	9.4	11.6	7.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,060	29,130	25,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	475	430	1.6	1.6	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	54,150	28,655	25,500	98.3	98.4	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,370	2,255	1,120	6.1	7.7	4.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	150	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	345	225	120	0.6	0.8	0.5
23 Construction	4,620	4,160	465	8.4	14.3	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	9,520	6,320	3,200	17.3	21.7	12.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,405	1,625	785	4.4	5.6	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	5,900	2,565	3,330	10.7	8.8	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,320	1,870	450	4.2	6.4	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	490	335	155	0.9	1.2	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,670	545	1,125	3.0	1.9	4.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	465	265	205	0.8	0.9	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,515	1,185	1,325	4.6	4.1	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,750	1,130	625	3.2	3.9	2.4
61 Educational services	3,820	1,055	2,765	6.9	3.6	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	7,120	1,230	5,890	12.9	4.2	22.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	635	360	270	1.2	1.2	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,395	1,005	1,395	4.3	3.5	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,885	1,495	1,385	5.2	5.1	5.3
91 Public administration	1,680	850	830	3.1	2.9	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,000	31,100	27,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	285	160	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	51,875	27,060	24,820	87.9	87.0	89.0
Non-official language	195	155	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	155	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
English and French	6,020	3,390	2,625	10.2	10.9	9.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	360	210	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	260	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,000	31,100	27,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,265	30,705	27,560	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	57,975	30,475	27,500	98.3	98.0	98.6
English	885	525	360	1.5	1.7	1.3
French	57,085	29,950	27,140	96.8	96.3	97.3
Non-official languages	285	230	55	0.5	0.7	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	285	230	55	0.5	0.7	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	205	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	195	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	240	195	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	400	340	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	655	360	290	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,000	31,100	27,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,055	27,745	25,300	89.9	89.2	90.7
English	4,830	2,695	2,130	8.2	8.7	7.6
French	645	420	230	1.1	1.4	0.8
Non-official language	250	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,980	27,555	24,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,045	3,445	3,600	13.6	12.5	14.7
Worked outside Canada	70	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,725	4,445	1,275	11.0	16.1	5.2
Usual place of work	39,145	19,595	19,545	75.3	71.1	80.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,145	19,600	19,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,710	9,310	10,405	50.4	47.5	53.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,265	3,970	4,300	21.1	20.3	22.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,145	6,305	4,835	28.5	32.2	24.7
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,865	24,045	20,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,685	21,990	18,700	90.7	91.5	89.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,640	21,055	17,590	86.1	87.6	84.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,045	930	1,115	4.6	3.9	5.4
Public transit	485	190	300	1.1	0.8	1.4
Walked	2,670	1,275	1,400	6.0	5.3	6.7
Bicycle	450	375	75	1.0	1.6	0.4
Other method	570	220	345	1.3	0.9	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,865	24,045	20,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,900	9,155	9,735	42.1	38.1	46.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,465	7,455	7,010	32.2	31.0	33.7
30 to 44 minutes	6,945	4,205	2,740	15.5	17.5	13.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,525	1,685	840	5.6	7.0	4.0
60 minutes and over	2,030	1,545	490	4.5	6.4	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,865	24,045	20,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,640	2,810	830	8.1	11.7	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,370	6,110	3,255	20.9	25.4	15.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,805	6,540	7,265	30.8	27.2	34.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,550	2,865	4,680	16.8	11.9	22.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,930	1,125	1,810	6.5	4.7	8.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,575	4,595	2,975	16.9	19.1	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,250	10,880	10,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,515	795	720	7.1	7.3	6.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,740	10,090	9,645	92.9	92.7	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,595	7,975	7,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	575	545	7.2	7.2	7.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	645	315	325	4.1	3.9	4.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	475	255	225	3.0	3.2	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,470	7,400	7,070	92.8	92.8	92.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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