Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Eustache, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	45,276	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	44,008	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,396	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,958	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	642.1	...	...	642.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	70.51	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	45,280	22,085	23,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,555	4,010	3,545	16.7	18.2	15.3
0 to 4 years	2,200	1,165	1,035	4.9	5.3	4.5
5 to 9 years	2,490	1,340	1,150	5.5	6.1	5.0
10 to 14 years	2,865	1,505	1,365	6.3	6.8	5.9
15 to 64 years	27,950	13,860	14,095	61.7	62.8	60.8
15 to 19 years	2,425	1,280	1,140	5.4	5.8	4.9
20 to 24 years	2,210	1,160	1,045	4.9	5.3	4.5
25 to 29 years	2,220	1,110	1,105	4.9	5.0	4.8
30 to 34 years	2,595	1,245	1,355	5.7	5.6	5.8
35 to 39 years	2,740	1,315	1,425	6.1	6.0	6.1
40 to 44 years	3,080	1,525	1,555	6.8	6.9	6.7
45 to 49 years	2,905	1,440	1,465	6.4	6.5	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,880	1,420	1,455	6.4	6.4	6.3
55 to 59 years	3,470	1,730	1,740	7.7	7.8	7.5
60 to 64 years	3,425	1,625	1,800	7.6	7.4	7.8
65 years and over	9,770	4,220	5,550	21.6	19.1	23.9
65 to 69 years	2,930	1,350	1,585	6.5	6.1	6.8
70 to 74 years	2,650	1,180	1,470	5.9	5.3	6.3
75 to 79 years	1,990	845	1,150	4.4	3.8	5.0
80 to 84 years	1,090	450	640	2.4	2.0	2.8
85 years and over	1,105	400	705	2.4	1.8	3.0
85 to 89 years	700	260	440	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	345	130	215	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	18.2	15.3	16.7	18.2	15.3
15 to 64 years	61.7	62.8	60.8	61.7	62.8	60.8
65 years and over	21.6	19.1	23.9	21.6	19.1	23.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	3.0	2.4	1.8	3.0
Average age of the population	43.4	41.8	45.0	43.4	41.8	45.0
Median age of the population	44.8	42.8	46.4	44.8	42.8	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,125	...	...	53.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,400	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	210	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	675	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,190	...	...	32.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	320	...	...	1.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,795	...	...	30.6	...	...
2 persons	6,705	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	2,685	...	...	14.2	...	...
4 persons	2,450	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,320	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	44,275	21,725	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	37,725	18,080	19,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	21,640	10,800	10,840	57.4	59.7	55.2
Married	12,650	6,315	6,330	33.5	34.9	32.2
Living common-law	8,990	4,485	4,510	23.8	24.8	23.0
Living common law - Never married	7,090	3,525	3,570	18.8	19.5	18.2
Living common law - Separated	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,615	835	775	4.3	4.6	3.9
Living common law - Widowed	190	80	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	16,080	7,280	8,805	42.6	40.3	44.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,340	5,475	4,860	27.4	30.3	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	515	215	300	1.4	1.2	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,850	1,040	1,810	7.6	5.8	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,380	550	1,830	6.3	3.0	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,900	...	...	53.4	...	...
3 persons	2,650	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	2,360	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,005	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,640	...	...	82.4	...	...
Married couples	6,150	...	...	47.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,705	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	3,440	...	...	26.7	...	...
Common-law couples	4,500	...	...	34.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,415	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	2,080	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,265	...	...	17.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,655	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	615	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	44,275	21,725	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	36,520	18,295	18,225	82.5	84.2	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,290	10,625	10,660	48.1	48.9	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	2,265	610	1,650	5.1	2.8	7.3
Children⁶	12,960	7,060	5,905	29.3	32.5	26.2
In a two-parent family	9,580	5,160	4,420	21.6	23.8	19.6
In a one-parent family	3,385	1,895	1,485	7.6	8.7	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,755	3,430	4,325	17.5	15.8	19.2
Living alone	5,795	2,475	3,325	13.1	11.4	14.7
Living with other relatives⁷	970	405	565	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	990	550	435	2.2	2.5	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,700	...	...	61.7	...	...
Couple-family households	9,800	...	...	51.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,710	...	...	24.8	...	...
Without children	5,090	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,895	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	440	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	410	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	530	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	5,795	...	...	30.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,720	17,225	18,495	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,800	37,200	42,400	48,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,725	17,220	18,500	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	33,200	37,600	42,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,310	16,020	16,295	88.0	90.4	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,400	27,400	34,800	42,400	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,320	13,655	12,660	71.7	77.1	66.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,600	32,000	37,600	43,600	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,765	13,520	16,245	81.1	76.3	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	10,100	12,900	11,900	10,100	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,590	2,355	2,235	12.5	13.3	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,760	5,585	5,170	29.3	31.5	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,715	17,220	18,495	97.3	97.2	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,360	56,600	42,600	49,360	56,600	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,720	17,220	18,500	97.3	97.2	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,120	46,040	36,560	41,120	46,040	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,435	16,150	16,285	88.3	91.2	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	50,640	34,920	42,720	50,640	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,315	13,720	12,600	71.7	77.4	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,480	37,960	43,960	49,480	37,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,655	13,400	16,255	80.8	75.6	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,710	11,730	13,520	12,710	11,730	13,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,475	2,355	2,115	12.2	13.3	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,160	7,090	6,600	6,160	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,705	5,585	5,120	29.2	31.5	26.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,940	7,590	8,310	7,940	7,590	8,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,605	6,830	5,780	34.3	38.6	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	66,000	52,000	59,200	66,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	72,600	57,100	65,500	72,600	57,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,845	5,285	5,555	29.5	29.8	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	22,800	17,800	19,800	22,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	31,560	24,220	27,800	31,560	24,220
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.8	72.2	78.6	83.8	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	69.6	60.7	65.6	69.6	60.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	16.1	27.9	21.4	16.1	27.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.9	6.5	5.6	4.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.4	5.4	4.8	4.4	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	36,720	17,720	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,005	495	510	2.7	2.8	2.7
With total income	35,720	17,225	18,495	97.3	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,100	845	1,260	5.9	4.9	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,985	1,475	2,505	11.2	8.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,835	2,290	3,550	16.3	13.3	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,810	2,075	2,735	13.5	12.0	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,670	2,190	2,485	13.1	12.7	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,845	1,900	1,945	10.8	11.0	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,950	1,615	1,335	8.3	9.4	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,170	1,305	860	6.1	7.6	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,695	1,005	690	4.7	5.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	725	395	3.1	4.2	2.1
$100,000 and over	2,540	1,800	740	7.1	10.4	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,925	1,335	590	5.4	7.8	3.2
$150,000 and over	615	460	150	1.7	2.7	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	36,720	17,720	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,000	490	505	2.7	2.8	2.7
With after-tax income	35,725	17,225	18,500	97.3	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,310	885	1,430	6.5	5.1	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,180	1,575	2,605	11.7	9.1	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,890	2,760	4,130	19.3	16.0	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,045	2,775	3,275	16.9	16.1	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,560	2,805	2,755	15.6	16.3	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,075	2,210	1,860	11.4	12.8	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,750	1,635	1,115	7.7	9.5	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,650	1,015	635	4.6	5.9	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	875	555	320	2.4	3.2	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	490	355	135	1.4	2.1	0.7
$100,000 and over	900	650	245	2.5	3.8	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	525	370	150	1.5	2.1	0.8
$125,000 and over	380	285	95	1.1	1.7	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	36,720	17,720	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,400	4,060	6,345	28.3	22.9	33.4
With employment income	26,315	13,655	12,660	71.7	77.1	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,540	1,870	1,675	13.5	13.7	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	2,010	855	1,155	7.6	6.3	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,065	1,335	1,730	11.6	9.8	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,600	1,095	1,500	9.9	8.0	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,595	1,205	1,390	9.9	8.8	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,715	1,290	1,425	10.3	9.4	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,360	1,255	1,100	9.0	9.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,855	1,060	800	7.0	7.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,525	950	580	5.8	7.0	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,315	775	535	5.0	5.7	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	815	560	260	3.1	4.1	2.1
$100,000 and over	1,920	1,405	515	7.3	10.3	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	745	310	4.0	5.5	2.4
$125,000 and over	865	655	210	3.3	4.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,180	16,925	18,250	95.8	95.5	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,400	40,400	48,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,200	16,925	18,270	95.9	95.5	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,000	35,600	41,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,925	15,840	16,080	86.9	89.4	84.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,400	29,200	36,000	44,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,380	13,620	12,755	71.8	76.9	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	32,800	38,800	45,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,650	11,625	15,025	72.6	65.6	79.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,550	9,700	8,600	6,550	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,950	2,055	1,895	10.8	11.6	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400	4,160	5,000	4,400	4,160	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,205	16,925	18,280	95.9	95.5	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,450	40,000	47,440	55,450	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,225	16,925	18,295	95.9	95.5	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	44,760	34,240	39,280	44,760	34,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,005	15,980	16,030	87.2	90.2	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,500	35,560	44,000	52,500	35,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,435	13,765	12,665	72.0	77.7	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,960	51,160	38,200	44,960	51,160	38,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,550	11,495	15,055	72.3	64.9	79.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,850	8,730	10,700	9,850	8,730	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,760	1,900	1,860	10.2	10.7	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660	5,330	8,030	6,660	5,330	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,585	6,830	5,755	34.3	38.6	30.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	64,500	48,800	56,800	64,500	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,050	70,800	53,800	63,050	70,800	53,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,335	5,060	5,270	28.1	28.6	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	29,400	22,800	25,400	29,400	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,040	37,720	28,560	33,040	37,720	28,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	89.4	78.0	84.4	89.4	78.0
Employment income (%)	71.2	75.0	66.2	71.2	75.0	66.2
Government transfers (%)	15.6	10.7	22.0	15.6	10.7	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.0	1.5	1.1	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,720	...	...	46,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,400	...	...	39,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,300	...	...	94,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	150	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,020	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	625	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	625	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	760	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	785	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	755	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,530	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,380	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,375	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,295	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,005	...	...	36.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,410	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,725	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,785	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,095	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,080	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	805	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	785	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	975	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	910	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	935	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,810	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,710	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,615	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,460	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,020	...	...	26.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,315	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,360	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,345	...	...	7.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,785	3,025	3,760	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	44,000	34,000	38,800	44,000	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	38,000	31,200	34,400	38,000	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,765	3,035	3,735	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	51,120	41,120	45,600	51,120	41,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,440	41,920	35,640	38,440	41,920	35,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	44,270	21,725	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,070	4,830	4,230	20.5	22.2	18.8
0 to 5 years	2,710	1,440	1,270	6.1	6.6	5.6
18 to 64 years	26,320	12,935	13,385	59.5	59.5	59.4
65 years and over	8,885	3,955	4,925	20.1	18.2	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,705	1,515	2,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	615	335	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	110	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,640	770	875	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,445	415	1,040	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.4	7.0	9.7	8.4	7.0	9.7
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.9	6.7	6.8	6.9	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.7	7.0	7.4	7.7	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5	6.2	6.0	6.5
65 years and over (%)	16.3	10.4	21.0	16.3	10.4	21.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	44,275	21,725	22,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,065	4,835	4,235	20.5	22.3	18.8
0 to 5 years	2,710	1,435	1,275	6.1	6.6	5.7
18 to 64 years	26,320	12,935	13,390	59.4	59.5	59.4
65 years and over	8,885	3,955	4,930	20.1	18.2	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,740	780	955	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	270	150	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	55	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,065	520	550	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	110	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	3.6	4.3	3.9	3.6	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.5	2.8	3.2	3.5	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.1
65 years and over (%)	4.5	2.8	6.0	4.5	2.8	6.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	44,270	21,725	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	23,440	11,105	12,330	52.9	51.1	54.7
In bottom decile	3,155	1,330	1,825	7.1	6.1	8.1
In second decile	4,010	1,750	2,260	9.1	8.1	10.0
In third decile	5,015	2,415	2,600	11.3	11.1	11.5
In fourth decile	5,605	2,765	2,845	12.7	12.7	12.6
In fifth decile	5,660	2,850	2,805	12.8	13.1	12.4
In top half of the distribution	20,830	10,615	10,220	47.1	48.9	45.3
In sixth decile	5,550	2,790	2,765	12.5	12.8	12.3
In seventh decile	5,000	2,540	2,465	11.3	11.7	10.9
In eighth decile	4,620	2,370	2,245	10.4	10.9	10.0
In ninth decile	3,605	1,860	1,745	8.1	8.6	7.7
In top decile	2,050	1,055	1,000	4.6	4.9	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	44,275	...	...	44,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.395	...	...	0.395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.235	...	...	0.235	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	45,000	21,975	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	745	390	350	1.7	1.8	1.5
French only	21,105	9,355	11,745	46.9	42.6	51.0
English and French	22,935	12,135	10,795	51.0	55.2	46.9
Neither English nor French	225	90	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	45,000	21,975	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,810	1,455	1,355	6.2	6.6	5.9
French	40,700	19,795	20,905	90.4	90.1	90.8
English and French	1,285	640	645	2.9	2.9	2.8
Neither English nor French	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	45,000	21,975	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,560	21,235	22,325	96.8	96.6	97.0
Official languages	39,640	19,315	20,330	88.1	87.9	88.3
English	1,880	980	900	4.2	4.5	3.9
French	37,755	18,325	19,430	83.9	83.4	84.4
Non-official languages	3,920	1,925	2,000	8.7	8.8	8.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,920	1,925	2,000	8.7	8.8	8.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,105	555	555	2.5	2.5	2.4
Berber languages	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	980	495	485	2.2	2.3	2.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	975	495	485	2.2	2.3	2.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,145	1,070	1,080	4.8	4.9	4.7
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	115	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	230	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	125	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	255	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	115	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,355	690	665	3.0	3.1	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	105	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Portuguese	155	85	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	295	150	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	725	355	370	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,440	740	700	3.2	3.4	3.0
English and French	680	340	335	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	460	240	220	1.0	1.1	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	45,000	21,975	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,465	755	710	3.3	3.4	3.1
French	36,525	17,725	18,795	81.2	80.7	81.6
Non-official language	990	475	515	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	990	475	515	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	2,705	1,390	1,315	6.0	6.3	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	340	170	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,660	795	870	3.7	3.6	3.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,255	635	615	2.8	2.9	2.7
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	45,000	21,975	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,375	21,175	22,205	96.4	96.4	96.4
Official languages	41,470	20,255	21,220	92.2	92.2	92.2
English	2,265	1,175	1,095	5.0	5.3	4.8
French	39,205	19,080	20,125	87.1	86.8	87.4
Non-official languages	1,910	925	990	4.2	4.2	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,910	925	990	4.2	4.2	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	235	255	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	215	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	445	215	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,140	550	585	2.5	2.5	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	160	75	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	700	350	355	1.6	1.6	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	225	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	395	195	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,625	805	820	3.6	3.7	3.6
English and French	705	355	350	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	155	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	565	275	290	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	45,000	21,980	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,290	19,610	20,685	89.5	89.2	89.8
English	1,820	930	885	4.0	4.2	3.8
French	1,015	495	515	2.3	2.3	2.2
Non-official language	990	475	515	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	990	475	515	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	240	125	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	370	195	180	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	205	110	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	44,275	21,725	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	44,060	21,660	22,395	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	23,610	12,510	11,105	53.3	57.6	49.2
French	43,385	21,300	22,085	98.0	98.0	97.9
Non-official languages	6,515	3,125	3,390	14.7	14.4	15.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,515	3,125	3,390	14.7	14.4	15.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,690	845	845	3.8	3.9	3.7
Berber languages	260	115	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
Kabyle	210	95	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tamazight	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,530	785	735	3.5	3.6	3.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,500	770	725	3.4	3.5	3.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	540	260	280	1.2	1.2	1.2
Haitian Creole	505	240	260	1.1	1.1	1.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,630	1,735	1,890	8.2	8.0	8.4
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	320	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	245	120	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	330	165	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,630	1,220	1,410	5.9	5.6	6.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	445	265	180	1.0	1.2	0.8
Portuguese	275	125	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	300	165	135	0.7	0.8	0.6
Spanish	1,760	735	1,025	4.0	3.4	4.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	165	115	0.6	0.8	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	110	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lao	120	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	44,270	21,720	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	790	385	410	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	715	350	360	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	365	200	165	0.8	0.9	0.7
Métis	345	150	195	0.8	0.7	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	43,480	21,340	22,140	98.2	98.3	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	44,270	21,720	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	44,100	21,655	22,450	99.6	99.7	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,165	...	...	69.4	...	...
Renter	5,790	...	...	30.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,520	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not condominium	16,440	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,920	...	...	10.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,890	...	...	31.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,400	...	...	33.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,665	...	...	24.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,940	...	...	31.3	...	...
5 rooms	2,670	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	2,100	...	...	11.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,495	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,755	...	...	30.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,820	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	18,500	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	455	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,015	...	...	10.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,135	...	...	37.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,465	...	...	18.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,360	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,360	...	...	7.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,320	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	510	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	785	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,115	...	...	95.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	840	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,080	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,375	...	...	44.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	505	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	255	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,155	...	...	11.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,265	...	...	17.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,475	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,105	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,310	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,850	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	535	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,010	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,850	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,690	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,935	...	...	20.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,690	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not suitable only	375	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	660	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,030	...	...	79.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,320	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	17,380	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,095	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.6	...	...	67.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,196	...	...	1,196	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	354,400	...	...	354,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,790	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.1	...	...	30.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.5	...	...	18.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	893	...	...	893	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	44,270	21,725	22,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	535	260	275	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	530	255	275	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	470	220	250	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,125	495	630	2.5	2.3	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,120	490	630	2.5	2.3	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,025	460	565	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,610	20,965	21,640	96.3	96.5	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	44,275	21,725	22,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,285	21,270	22,020	97.8	97.9	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,860	4,735	4,125	20.0	21.8	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,430	16,535	17,895	77.8	76.1	79.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	985	455	530	2.2	2.1	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	44,275	21,725	22,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,720	19,420	20,300	89.7	89.4	90.0
Immigrants⁸¹	4,420	2,230	2,190	10.0	10.3	9.7
Before 1980	565	320	240	1.3	1.5	1.1
1980 to 1990	475	235	240	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	655	330	330	1.5	1.5	1.5
2001 to 2010	1,455	720	730	3.3	3.3	3.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,275	625	650	2.9	2.9	2.9
2011 to 2015	780	405	375	1.8	1.9	1.7
2016 to 2021	495	225	275	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	135	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,420	2,235	2,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	575	315	265	13.0	14.1	12.1
5 to 14 years	755	405	350	17.1	18.1	16.0
15 to 24 years	785	360	430	17.8	16.1	19.6
25 to 44 years	2,070	1,040	1,025	46.8	46.5	46.8
45 years and over	235	110	120	5.3	4.9	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,420	2,235	2,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,050	450	595	23.8	20.1	27.2
Brazil	30	0	30	0.7	0.0	1.4
Colombia	105	45	60	2.4	2.0	2.7
El Salvador	35	20	10	0.8	0.9	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	370	155	215	8.4	6.9	9.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	55	15	45	1.2	0.7	2.1
Peru	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	95	55	35	2.1	2.5	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	315	150	170	7.1	6.7	7.8
Europe	1,090	605	480	24.7	27.1	21.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	315	165	145	7.1	7.4	6.6
Germany	50	30	15	1.1	1.3	0.7
Greece	40	25	15	0.9	1.1	0.7
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	100	75	25	2.3	3.4	1.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Portugal	65	40	30	1.5	1.8	1.4
Romania	185	95	90	4.2	4.3	4.1
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	215	130	90	4.9	5.8	4.1
Africa	1,315	690	625	29.8	30.9	28.5
Algeria	275	145	130	6.2	6.5	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	30	1.6	1.8	1.4
Egypt	105	70	35	2.4	3.1	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	365	185	180	8.3	8.3	8.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	490	245	250	11.1	11.0	11.4
Asia	960	480	475	21.7	21.5	21.7
Afghanistan	60	30	35	1.4	1.3	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	265	145	120	6.0	6.5	5.5
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	40	1.8	2.0	1.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45	1.6	1.1	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	30	0.9	0.4	1.4
Viet Nam	35	15	15	0.8	0.7	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Pakistan	30	15	10	0.7	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	65	35	35	1.5	1.6	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	255	120	130	5.8	5.4	5.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	495	225	275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	30	55	17.2	13.3	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	0	35	7.1	0.0	12.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	15	0	4.0	6.7	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	15	4.0	4.4	5.5
Europe	85	45	40	17.2	20.0	14.5
France	45	25	20	9.1	11.1	7.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	10	7.1	8.9	3.6
Africa	160	80	80	32.3	35.6	29.1
Algeria	30	15	15	6.1	6.7	5.5
Burundi	15	10	0	3.0	4.4	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	4.0	4.4	3.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	9.1	13.3	5.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	0	15	5.1	0.0	5.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	165	70	90	33.3	31.1	32.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	4.0	4.4	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	25	7.1	4.4	9.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	3.0	0.0	3.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	8.1	8.9	7.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	4.0	0.0	7.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	44,275	21,725	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,665	2,365	2,300	10.5	10.9	10.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,190	2,100	2,090	9.5	9.7	9.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,415	17,260	18,155	80.0	79.4	80.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,860	1,910	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,010	1,100	910	52.1	57.6	46.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	835	520	310	21.6	27.2	15.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,180	575	595	30.6	30.1	30.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,070	400	670	27.7	20.9	34.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	720	380	335	18.7	19.9	17.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	30	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,860	1,910	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	395	215	180	10.2	11.3	9.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	280	165	110	7.3	8.6	5.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	25	45	1.8	1.3	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	60	35	2.3	3.1	1.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,995	1,435	1,560	77.6	75.1	80.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	44,270	21,720	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,920	2,370	2,550	11.1	10.9	11.3
South Asian	270	130	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese	140	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	1,710	825	885	3.9	3.8	3.9
Filipino	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,255	615	635	2.8	2.8	2.8
Latin American	670	320	345	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	460	225	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
West Asian	170	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,350	19,355	19,995	88.9	89.1	88.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	44,275	21,725	22,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,910	7,300	7,605	33.7	33.6	33.7
English	660	355	305	1.5	1.6	1.4
Irish	2,330	1,115	1,220	5.3	5.1	5.4
Scottish	800	425	375	1.8	2.0	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,175	5,115	5,055	23.0	23.5	22.4
German	675	310	365	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese	205	115	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Italian	1,845	1,005	845	4.2	4.6	3.7
Indian (India)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	140	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Polish	240	110	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Québécois	5,625	2,720	2,905	12.7	12.5	12.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	150	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Filipino	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	3,415	1,595	1,820	7.7	7.3	8.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	705	360	345	1.6	1.7	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	750	350	405	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	150	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	235	220	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	425	200	220	1.0	0.9	1.0
American	225	85	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	375	195	185	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	550	250	300	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pakistani	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	100	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	605	270	340	1.4	1.2	1.5
Greek	425	205	220	1.0	0.9	1.0
Jamaican	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	255	140	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	495	245	250	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iranian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	135	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	350	140	215	0.8	0.6	1.0
Haitian	790	395	395	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	90	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	160	80	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	100	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	370	180	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Czech	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syrian	75	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazilian	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	160	80	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slovak	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	195	105	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber	160	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	30	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	195	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dominican	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moldovan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	50	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	44,270	21,720	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	250	105	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	30,155	14,380	15,775	68.1	66.2	70.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,475	1,250	1,225	5.6	5.8	5.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baptist	175	100	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catholic	25,915	12,260	13,655	58.5	56.4	60.6
Christian Orthodox	820	420	400	1.9	1.9	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	130	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	395	165	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hindu	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,665	820	845	3.8	3.8	3.7
Sikh	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	11,955	6,300	5,655	27.0	29.0	25.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	43,885	21,470	22,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,280	19,755	20,530	91.8	92.0	91.6
Movers	3,600	1,720	1,880	8.2	8.0	8.4
Non-migrants	1,465	715	755	3.3	3.3	3.4
Migrants	2,135	1,005	1,130	4.9	4.7	5.0
Internal migrants	2,030	960	1,065	4.6	4.5	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,990	935	1,055	4.5	4.4	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	105	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	42,025	20,565	21,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,340	13,470	13,870	65.1	65.5	64.6
Movers	14,685	7,095	7,590	34.9	34.5	35.4
Non-migrants	4,135	2,030	2,095	9.8	9.9	9.8
Migrants	10,555	5,060	5,495	25.1	24.6	25.6
Internal migrants	10,110	4,835	5,275	24.1	23.5	24.6
Intraprovincial migrants	9,960	4,775	5,185	23.7	23.2	24.2
Interprovincial migrants	145	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	445	225	220	1.1	1.1	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,720	17,715	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,975	4,295	3,680	21.7	24.2	19.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,745	13,420	15,325	78.3	75.8	80.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,195	11,270	11,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,555	2,090	1,465	15.3	18.5	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,635	9,185	10,450	84.7	81.5	87.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,725	17,720	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,050	3,635	3,415	19.2	20.5	18.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,050	4,235	4,820	24.6	23.9	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,620	9,850	10,770	56.1	55.6	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,060	7,580	7,485	41.0	42.8	39.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,885	4,125	2,765	18.7	23.3	14.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,025	2,590	2,435	13.7	14.6	12.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,865	1,535	330	5.1	8.7	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,690	2,825	3,865	18.2	15.9	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,485	630	850	4.0	3.6	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,555	2,270	3,290	15.1	12.8	17.3
Bachelor's degree	3,865	1,545	2,325	10.5	8.7	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	680	275	405	1.9	1.6	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	860	375	485	2.3	2.1	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,190	11,275	11,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,935	1,680	1,255	12.7	14.9	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,620	2,200	2,420	19.9	19.5	20.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,630	7,390	8,240	67.4	65.5	69.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,065	5,615	5,455	47.7	49.8	45.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,290	3,165	2,125	22.8	28.1	17.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,925	2,020	1,900	16.9	17.9	15.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,365	1,145	220	5.9	10.2	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,790	2,030	2,755	20.7	18.0	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	980	415	570	4.2	3.7	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,570	1,780	2,790	19.7	15.8	23.4
Bachelor's degree	3,165	1,230	1,930	13.6	10.9	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	585	220	365	2.5	2.0	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	720	285	430	3.1	2.5	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	36,720	17,720	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,100	7,870	8,235	43.8	44.4	43.3
Education	1,465	260	1,210	4.0	1.5	6.4
13. Education	1,465	260	1,210	4.0	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	665	300	365	1.8	1.7	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	85	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	550	215	340	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	1,015	360	655	2.8	2.0	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	45	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635	220	420	1.7	1.2	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	20	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,705	400	1,310	4.6	2.3	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	465	20	445	1.3	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	345	105	240	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	210	30	180	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	400	160	240	1.1	0.9	1.3
Business, management and public administration	5,035	1,730	3,305	13.7	9.8	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	45	165	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,820	1,685	3,135	13.1	9.5	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	620	265	350	1.7	1.5	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	70	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
40. Physical sciences	125	80	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	810	565	245	2.2	3.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	680	520	160	1.9	2.9	0.8
25. Library science	70	0	70	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,790	4,485	305	13.0	25.3	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	695	595	105	1.9	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980	890	90	2.7	5.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,290	1,255	40	3.5	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,140	1,110	35	3.1	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	605	595	15	1.6	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	150	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245	110	135	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	2,385	355	2,035	6.5	2.0	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,230	280	1,945	6.1	1.6	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,815	980	830	4.9	5.5	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	830	185	655	2.3	1.0	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
43. Security and protective services	445	335	110	1.2	1.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	460	60	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,190	11,270	11,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,555	3,885	3,675	32.6	34.5	30.8
Education	1,010	185	825	4.4	1.6	6.9
13. Education	1,010	185	825	4.4	1.6	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	205	300	2.2	1.8	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	415	140	275	1.8	1.2	2.3
Humanities	690	235	455	3.0	2.1	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	145	275	1.8	1.3	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	10	65	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,355	290	1,065	5.8	2.6	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	45	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	365	10	355	1.6	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	280	65	215	1.2	0.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	180	30	155	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	325	125	200	1.4	1.1	1.7
Business, management and public administration	3,780	1,210	2,570	16.3	10.7	21.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	25	135	0.7	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,620	1,185	2,435	15.6	10.5	20.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	400	185	210	1.7	1.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	55	105	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	40	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	95	70	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	670	470	195	2.9	4.2	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	580	450	130	2.5	4.0	1.1
25. Library science	60	0	60	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,735	3,490	245	16.1	31.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	610	520	90	2.6	4.6	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	735	665	70	3.2	5.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	990	975	20	4.3	8.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	885	855	25	3.8	7.6	0.2
48. Precision production	460	450	10	2.0	4.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	110	130	1.0	1.0	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	85	100	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	1,870	245	1,620	8.1	2.2	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	40	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,740	205	1,540	7.5	1.8	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,380	755	625	6.0	6.7	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	625	145	480	2.7	1.3	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	245	85	1.4	2.2	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	425	365	55	1.8	3.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,190	11,270	11,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,555	3,885	3,675	32.6	34.5	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,635	7,390	8,245	67.4	65.6	69.2
Location of study inside Canada	14,435	6,790	7,645	62.2	60.2	64.1
Same as province or territory of residence	14,245	6,695	7,550	61.4	59.4	63.3
Different than province or territory of residence	185	90	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,195	600	595	5.2	5.3	5.0
Americas	195	100	100	0.8	0.9	0.8
United States of America	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	380	200	180	1.6	1.8	1.5
Belgium	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	135	75	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	430	225	200	1.9	2.0	1.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	90	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Morocco	145	80	65	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tunisia	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	120	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	190	80	110	0.8	0.7	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	36,725	17,720	19,005	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,810	12,260	11,555	...	...	...
Employed	22,370	11,450	10,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,440	810	635	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,910	5,460	7,450	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.8	69.2	60.8	64.8	69.2	60.8
Employment rate	60.9	64.6	57.5	60.9	64.6	57.5
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.6	5.5	6.0	6.6	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	36,720	17,720	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,530	5,165	7,365	34.1	29.1	38.8
Worked	24,195	12,555	11,645	65.9	70.9	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,880	6,985	5,890	35.1	39.4	31.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,320	5,560	5,750	30.8	31.4	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.5	41.8	42.2	42.5	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,810	12,260	11,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	170	200	1.6	1.4	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,445	12,090	11,355	98.5	98.6	98.3
Employee	20,810	10,485	10,325	87.4	85.5	89.4
Permanent position	18,075	9,230	8,850	75.9	75.3	76.6
Temporary position	2,735	1,255	1,475	11.5	10.2	12.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,005	375	620	4.2	3.1	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,730	875	855	7.3	7.1	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,630	1,600	1,025	11.0	13.1	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,810	12,260	11,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	170	200	1.6	1.4	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,445	12,090	11,355	98.5	98.6	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	410	335	80	1.7	2.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,390	1,255	3,140	18.4	10.2	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,775	1,365	410	7.5	11.1	3.5
3 Health occupations	1,745	250	1,500	7.3	2.0	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,595	625	1,965	10.9	5.1	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	525	240	285	2.2	2.0	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	5,995	2,845	3,150	25.2	23.2	27.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,600	4,130	465	19.3	33.7	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	285	200	80	1.2	1.6	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,115	840	275	4.7	6.9	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,810	12,260	11,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	170	200	1.6	1.4	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	23,445	12,090	11,355	98.5	98.6	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	245	140	105	1.0	1.1	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	190	155	35	0.8	1.3	0.3
23 Construction	2,175	1,810	365	9.1	14.8	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,775	1,950	825	11.7	15.9	7.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,065	675	390	4.5	5.5	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	3,190	1,595	1,595	13.4	13.0	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,435	1,025	410	6.0	8.4	3.5
51 Information and cultural industries	430	295	135	1.8	2.4	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	760	285	475	3.2	2.3	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	275	140	140	1.2	1.1	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,615	805	810	6.8	6.6	7.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	925	570	355	3.9	4.6	3.1
61 Educational services	1,605	395	1,205	6.7	3.2	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	3,235	505	2,730	13.6	4.1	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	245	120	125	1.0	1.0	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,155	585	570	4.9	4.8	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	895	435	460	3.8	3.5	4.0
91 Public administration	1,160	560	595	4.9	4.6	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,290	13,020	12,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	705	385	315	2.8	3.0	2.6
French	17,075	8,550	8,520	67.5	65.7	69.5
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	7,185	3,945	3,235	28.4	30.3	26.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	95	125	0.9	0.7	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,290	13,020	12,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,090	12,360	11,730	95.3	94.9	95.6
Official languages	24,040	12,330	11,710	95.1	94.7	95.5
English	2,030	1,140	885	8.0	8.8	7.2
French	22,010	11,185	10,820	87.0	85.9	88.2
Non-official languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,200	665	530	4.7	5.1	4.3
English and French	1,175	665	510	4.6	5.1	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,290	13,020	12,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,950	9,610	9,345	74.9	73.8	76.2
English	4,795	2,590	2,210	19.0	19.9	18.0
French	1,280	715	565	5.1	5.5	4.6
Non-official language	100	35	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	35	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	35	70	0.4	0.3	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	35	35	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,370	11,450	10,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,985	1,870	2,115	17.8	16.3	19.4
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,570	2,020	550	11.5	17.6	5.0
Usual place of work	15,790	7,540	8,250	70.6	65.9	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,790	7,540	8,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,305	2,235	3,075	33.6	29.6	37.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	690	180	505	4.4	2.4	6.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,775	5,105	4,670	61.9	67.7	56.6
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,365	9,560	8,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,675	8,840	7,835	90.8	92.5	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,890	8,490	7,400	86.5	88.8	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	790	350	435	4.3	3.7	4.9
Public transit	665	265	405	3.6	2.8	4.6
Walked	620	250	360	3.4	2.6	4.1
Bicycle	90	65	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	315	135	180	1.7	1.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,365	9,560	8,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,055	2,245	2,815	27.5	23.5	32.0
15 to 29 minutes	6,600	3,330	3,270	35.9	34.8	37.1
30 to 44 minutes	4,245	2,570	1,675	23.1	26.9	19.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,400	795	600	7.6	8.3	6.8
60 minutes and over	1,065	615	445	5.8	6.4	5.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,365	9,560	8,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,120	1,700	415	11.5	17.8	4.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,680	2,210	1,475	20.0	23.1	16.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,475	1,805	2,665	24.4	18.9	30.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,115	1,165	1,950	17.0	12.2	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,900	870	1,035	10.3	9.1	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,075	1,805	1,265	16.7	18.9	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,215	4,910	4,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,345	715	635	14.6	14.6	14.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,865	4,200	3,670	85.3	85.5	85.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,835	3,650	3,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	970	510	460	14.2	14.0	14.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	615	320	295	9.0	8.8	9.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	360	190	170	5.3	5.2	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,865	3,140	2,720	85.8	86.0	85.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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