Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SaguenayMore information: Quebec [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	161,567	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	161,520^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	79,976	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	74,809	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	51.6	...	...	51.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,133.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	161,570	80,800	80,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,555	12,555	12,000	15.2	15.5	14.9
0 to 4 years	7,570	3,945	3,620	4.7	4.9	4.5
5 to 9 years	8,530	4,295	4,235	5.3	5.3	5.2
10 to 14 years	8,455	4,310	4,145	5.2	5.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	97,565	49,830	47,735	60.4	61.7	59.1
15 to 19 years	7,795	3,955	3,840	4.8	4.9	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,910	4,140	3,770	4.9	5.1	4.7
25 to 29 years	9,050	4,700	4,350	5.6	5.8	5.4
30 to 34 years	9,320	4,850	4,465	5.8	6.0	5.5
35 to 39 years	9,845	5,155	4,690	6.1	6.4	5.8
40 to 44 years	10,280	5,360	4,920	6.4	6.6	6.1
45 to 49 years	8,645	4,485	4,155	5.4	5.6	5.1
50 to 54 years	8,435	4,215	4,215	5.2	5.2	5.2
55 to 59 years	12,105	5,990	6,120	7.5	7.4	7.6
60 to 64 years	14,185	6,970	7,210	8.8	8.6	8.9
65 years and over	39,445	18,415	21,030	24.4	22.8	26.0
65 to 69 years	12,680	6,350	6,335	7.8	7.9	7.8
70 to 74 years	10,280	5,110	5,175	6.4	6.3	6.4
75 to 79 years	7,270	3,390	3,875	4.5	4.2	4.8
80 to 84 years	4,775	2,015	2,760	3.0	2.5	3.4
85 years and over	4,440	1,550	2,885	2.7	1.9	3.6
85 to 89 years	2,720	1,060	1,660	1.7	1.3	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,395	400	995	0.9	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	295	90	210	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.5	14.9	15.2	15.5	14.9
15 to 64 years	60.4	61.7	59.1	60.4	61.7	59.1
65 years and over	24.4	22.8	26.0	24.4	22.8	26.0
85 years and over	2.7	1.9	3.6	2.7	1.9	3.6
Average age of the population	44.9	43.9	45.9	44.9	43.9	45.9
Median age of the population	46.0	44.8	47.6	46.0	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	74,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	38,465	...	...	51.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,755	...	...	7.7	...	...
Row house	1,660	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,325	...	...	12.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,870	...	...	23.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,050	...	...	1.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	240	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	445	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	74,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	26,450	...	...	35.4	...	...
2 persons	28,980	...	...	38.7	...	...
3 persons	8,575	...	...	11.5	...	...
4 persons	7,410	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,395	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	157,920	79,540	78,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	137,010	68,245	68,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	81,895	40,875	41,015	59.8	59.9	59.6
Married	42,580	21,285	21,295	31.1	31.2	31.0
Living common-law	39,315	19,595	19,720	28.7	28.7	28.7
Living common law - Never married	31,390	15,645	15,740	22.9	22.9	22.9
Living common law - Separated	460	225	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	6,510	3,320	3,185	4.8	4.9	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	960	405	550	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	55,115	27,365	27,755	40.2	40.1	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,105	20,455	15,650	26.4	30.0	22.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,750	890	865	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,645	3,820	4,830	6.3	5.6	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,610	2,200	6,410	6.3	3.2	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	46,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	28,365	...	...	61.0	...	...
3 persons	8,100	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	7,125	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,940	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	46,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	40,445	...	...	86.9	...	...
Married couples	20,800	...	...	44.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,980	...	...	12.9	...	...
Without children	14,825	...	...	31.9	...	...
Common-law couples	19,645	...	...	42.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,815	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	9,825	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,085	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,180	...	...	9.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,905	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	157,920	79,540	78,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	125,050	62,490	62,560	79.2	78.6	79.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	80,895	40,375	40,520	51.2	50.8	51.7
Parents in one-parent families	6,080	1,900	4,185	3.9	2.4	5.3
Children⁶	38,075	20,210	17,860	24.1	25.4	22.8
In a two-parent family	28,965	15,195	13,770	18.3	19.1	17.6
In a one-parent family	9,110	5,020	4,090	5.8	6.3	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,870	17,055	15,820	20.8	21.4	20.2
Living alone	26,450	13,485	12,960	16.7	17.0	16.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,500	1,175	1,325	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,920	2,390	1,535	2.5	3.0	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	74,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	44,630	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	39,060	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	15,280	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	23,785	...	...	31.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,570	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	475	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	980	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,145	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	26,450	...	...	35.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	133,440	67,050	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,890	65,955	64,930	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	34,000	41,600	49,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,910	65,965	64,950	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	30,600	36,800	42,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,390	60,920	55,470	87.2	90.9	83.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,000	26,000	34,400	42,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,055	50,815	41,240	69.0	75.8	62.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	29,800	35,600	41,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,620	52,240	57,380	82.1	77.9	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,400	12,200	11,900	11,400	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,050	10,575	8,475	14.3	15.8	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,080	5,480	5,600	5,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,845	17,060	15,785	24.6	25.4	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	133,435	67,040	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,735	65,875	64,865	98.0	98.3	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	57,100	40,840	49,000	57,100	40,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,775	65,890	64,885	98.0	98.3	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	46,360	34,800	40,640	46,360	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,415	60,845	55,570	87.2	90.8	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	51,600	34,280	43,320	51,600	34,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,045	50,930	41,115	69.0	76.0	61.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,120	49,200	37,800	44,120	49,200	37,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,390	51,885	57,505	82.0	77.4	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,470	11,950	12,940	12,470	11,950	12,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,915	10,440	8,480	14.2	15.6	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,680	7,090	6,860	6,680	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,495	16,795	15,700	24.4	25.1	23.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	7,020	7,730	7,360	7,020	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	133,435	67,040	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	42,995	24,235	18,755	32.2	36.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	64,000	48,800	56,800	64,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100	73,200	56,850	66,100	73,200	56,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,200	18,075	18,125	27.1	27.0	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,400	17,000	20,400	25,400	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,440	34,880	24,000	29,440	34,880	24,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.6	71.8	78.8	83.6	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.3	66.6	58.7	63.3	66.6	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3	16.5	28.1	21.3	16.5	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.3	2.0	1.9	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.7	4.5	3.7	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.1	4.6	3.7	3.1	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	133,445	67,050	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,555	1,095	1,465	1.9	1.6	2.2
With total income	130,885	65,955	64,930	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,575	2,935	5,635	6.6	4.5	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	16,330	5,795	10,535	12.5	8.8	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	20,855	8,430	12,425	15.9	12.8	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	17,060	7,525	9,530	13.0	11.4	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	17,310	8,875	8,440	13.2	13.5	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	14,615	8,480	6,135	11.2	12.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	10,330	6,475	3,855	7.9	9.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,870	4,475	2,400	5.2	6.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,300	3,130	2,175	4.0	4.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,400	2,115	1,285	2.6	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	10,235	7,725	2,510	7.8	11.7	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,800	5,945	1,850	6.0	9.0	2.8
$150,000 and over	2,440	1,780	660	1.9	2.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	133,445	67,050	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,530	1,085	1,450	1.9	1.6	2.2
With after-tax income	130,915	65,965	64,950	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,525	3,110	6,415	7.3	4.7	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	17,000	6,160	10,840	13.0	9.3	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	24,670	10,130	14,545	18.8	15.4	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	21,800	10,530	11,275	16.7	16.0	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	20,620	11,740	8,880	15.8	17.8	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	14,135	8,955	5,180	10.8	13.6	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,585	5,160	3,430	6.6	7.8	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,315	3,310	2,010	4.1	5.0	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,570	2,610	960	2.7	4.0	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	1,665	475	1.6	2.5	0.7
$100,000 and over	3,545	2,605	940	2.7	3.9	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,100	1,600	500	1.6	2.4	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,450	1,005	440	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	133,445	67,050	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	41,390	16,235	25,155	31.0	24.2	37.9
With employment income	92,050	50,810	41,235	69.0	75.8	62.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,500	8,235	5,270	14.7	16.2	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	6,530	2,860	3,665	7.1	5.6	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,860	4,550	6,310	11.8	9.0	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	9,815	4,365	5,450	10.7	8.6	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,730	4,820	4,905	10.6	9.5	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,510	4,945	4,570	10.3	9.7	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,360	4,335	3,025	8.0	8.5	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,990	3,850	2,135	6.5	7.6	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,440	2,890	1,550	4.8	5.7	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,980	2,180	1,805	4.3	4.3	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	1,615	760	2.6	3.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	7,960	6,170	1,790	8.6	12.1	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,340	3,400	935	4.7	6.7	2.3
$125,000 and over	3,620	2,765	855	3.9	5.4	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	133,440	67,050	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,210	65,135	64,080	96.8	97.1	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	30,800	39,200	48,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,430	65,140	64,290	97.0	97.2	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	27,800	34,800	41,200	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,005	60,325	54,675	86.2	90.0	82.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	27,200	35,200	43,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,850	51,005	41,850	69.6	76.1	63.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	29,800	36,000	42,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,245	47,765	53,480	75.9	71.2	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,600	9,700	9,100	8,600	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	18,525	10,430	8,100	13.9	15.6	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	5,080	4,600	4,880	5,080	4,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	133,435	67,040	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,070	65,010	64,060	96.7	97.0	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,080	55,950	38,080	47,080	55,950	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,310	65,020	64,295	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,240	32,240	38,800	45,240	32,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	114,865	60,190	54,670	86.1	89.8	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	52,950	34,320	44,080	52,950	34,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,825	51,065	41,760	69.6	76.2	62.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	50,120	36,920	44,200	50,120	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,170	47,540	53,625	75.8	70.9	80.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,010	9,480	10,470	10,010	9,480	10,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,485	10,345	8,145	13.9	15.4	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,510	6,015	7,150	6,510	6,015	7,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	133,435	67,040	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	42,905	24,205	18,700	32.2	36.1	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	61,600	45,600	54,000	61,600	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	70,800	52,950	63,000	70,800	52,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,295	17,160	17,135	25.7	25.6	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	30,400	20,400	24,400	30,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	40,200	26,960	33,600	40,200	26,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.6	77.0	83.4	87.6	77.0
Employment income (%)	67.6	70.4	63.3	67.6	70.4	63.3
Government transfers (%)	16.7	12.4	23.0	16.7	12.4	23.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	74,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	48,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	74,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,760	...	...	43,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,120	...	...	37,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	48,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	74,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	460	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,200	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,775	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,860	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,755	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,775	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,605	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,585	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,440	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,400	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,080	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,180	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,755	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,210	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,315	...	...	31.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,160	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,550	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,905	...	...	7.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,695	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	74,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	500	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	470	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,230	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,860	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,165	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,455	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,555	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,550	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,495	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,780	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,615	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,700	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,905	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,245	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,260	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,025	...	...	21.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,405	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,295	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,330	...	...	5.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	46,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	23,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30,375	15,875	14,495	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	41,200	30,600	36,000	41,200	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	36,000	28,800	32,000	36,000	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	46,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,400	...	...	148,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30,415	15,640	14,780	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,480	47,240	37,400	42,480	47,240	37,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,120	39,280	32,800	36,120	39,280	32,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	157,915	79,540	78,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,060	14,845	14,210	18.4	18.7	18.1
0 to 5 years	9,245	4,785	4,460	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years	92,420	47,105	45,315	58.5	59.2	57.8
65 years and over	36,440	17,585	18,855	23.1	22.1	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,925	8,050	9,875	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,130	1,100	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	695	365	325	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,525	4,240	4,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,265	2,710	4,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.1	12.6	11.4	10.1	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.4	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.5	9.2	9.0	9.5
65 years and over (%)	19.9	15.4	24.2	19.9	15.4	24.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	157,920	79,540	78,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,055	14,850	14,210	18.4	18.7	18.1
0 to 5 years	9,245	4,790	4,455	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years	92,420	47,110	45,310	58.5	59.2	57.8
65 years and over	36,445	17,585	18,860	23.1	22.1	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,655	2,950	2,700	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	280	250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	75	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,535	2,460	2,070	...	...	...
65 years and over	595	215	380	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.2	4.6	4.9	5.2	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	157,920	79,540	78,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	88,730	43,510	45,225	56.2	54.7	57.7
In bottom decile	14,945	6,790	8,155	9.5	8.5	10.4
In second decile	17,045	8,065	8,985	10.8	10.1	11.5
In third decile	17,755	8,730	9,025	11.2	11.0	11.5
In fourth decile	20,315	10,330	9,985	12.9	13.0	12.7
In fifth decile	18,670	9,595	9,070	11.8	12.1	11.6
In top half of the distribution	69,190	36,030	33,155	43.8	45.3	42.3
In sixth decile	18,225	9,455	8,765	11.5	11.9	11.2
In seventh decile	16,720	8,590	8,130	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	14,900	7,750	7,150	9.4	9.7	9.1
In ninth decile	11,685	6,210	5,475	7.4	7.8	7.0
In top decile	7,655	4,030	3,630	4.8	5.1	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	157,920	...	...	157,920	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.254	...	...	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	160,215	80,175	80,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	345	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	121,725	57,540	64,185	76.0	71.8	80.2
English and French	38,030	22,390	15,640	23.7	27.9	19.5
Neither English nor French	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	160,215	80,175	80,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,470	775	695	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	158,250	79,120	79,130	98.8	98.7	98.9
English and French	400	225	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	160,215	80,175	80,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	159,175	79,620	79,550	99.4	99.3	99.4
Official languages	157,550	78,765	78,785	98.3	98.2	98.4
English	1,300	695	605	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	156,245	78,070	78,175	97.5	97.4	97.7
Non-official languages	1,620	855	770	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,500	790	710	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	235	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	215	115	0.2	0.3	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	320	210	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	755	365	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	535	255	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	380	185	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,045	555	490	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	720	385	335	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	160,215	80,175	80,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	640	345	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	154,575	76,955	77,620	96.5	96.0	97.0
Non-official language	360	200	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	315	175	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	3,275	1,945	1,330	2.0	2.4	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	915	480	430	0.6	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	195	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	160,215	80,175	80,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	159,360	79,695	79,670	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	158,665	79,320	79,350	99.0	98.9	99.1
English	1,020	560	460	0.6	0.7	0.6
French	157,650	78,760	78,890	98.4	98.2	98.6
Non-official languages	695	380	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	635	355	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	355	190	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	190	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	850	475	375	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	550	320	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	160,215	80,175	80,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	156,350	77,935	78,420	97.6	97.2	98.0
English	2,495	1,500	995	1.6	1.9	1.2
French	535	295	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	525	280	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	490	265	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	157,900	79,490	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	157,795	79,445	78,350	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	38,130	22,540	15,595	24.1	28.4	19.9
French	157,440	79,250	78,190	99.7	99.7	99.7
Non-official languages	4,950	2,400	2,550	3.1	3.0	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,750	2,295	2,450	3.0	2.9	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	510	310	195	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	300	185	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	475	290	180	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,480	1,585	1,900	2.2	2.0	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	275	155	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	265	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,010	1,325	1,685	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,750	1,185	1,555	1.7	1.5	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	315	170	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	157,900	79,495	78,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,190	3,130	3,060	3.9	3.9	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,785	2,955	2,830	3.7	3.7	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,570	1,210	1,360	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	3,130	1,710	1,420	2.0	2.2	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	80	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	305	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	151,705	76,360	75,350	96.1	96.1	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	157,900	79,495	78,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,860	920	940	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	156,035	78,565	77,470	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	47,915	...	...	64.1	...	...
Renter	26,885	...	...	35.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,170	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not condominium	67,635	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	9,150	...	...	12.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	22,495	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,125	...	...	33.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,825	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,345	...	...	29.9	...	...
5 rooms	12,695	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	8,960	...	...	12.0	...	...
7 rooms	8,945	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,855	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	74,675	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	74,115	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	685	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,605	...	...	24.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	25,630	...	...	34.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,420	...	...	13.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,520	...	...	10.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,415	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,260	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,085	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,870	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	71,245	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,565	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	43,340	...	...	57.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	30,490	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	965	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,645	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,820	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,930	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,295	...	...	13.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,735	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,485	...	...	19.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,690	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,205	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	74,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	65,700	...	...	88.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,770	...	...	11.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,110	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	74,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,440	...	...	16.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,255	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not suitable only	600	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,015	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	62,365	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	73,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,880	...	...	2.5	...	...
Not in core need	71,930	...	...	97.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	47,780	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.4	...	...	64.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,043	...	...	1,043	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	214,000	...	...	214,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	236,400	...	...	236,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,865	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.1	...	...	20.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	684	...	...	684	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	157,895	79,490	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,960	2,965	2,990	3.8	3.7	3.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,875	2,915	2,960	3.7	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,135	2,070	2,065	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis single ancestry	1,650	820	830	1.0	1.0	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,540	2,235	2,305	2.9	2.8	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,450	2,200	2,250	2.8	2.8	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,695	1,820	1,875	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	750	375	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	147,400	74,295	73,110	93.4	93.5	93.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	157,900	79,490	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	155,655	78,235	77,425	98.6	98.4	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,900	14,870	14,030	18.3	18.7	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	126,760	63,365	63,395	80.3	79.7	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,240	1,260	985	1.4	1.6	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	157,900	79,490	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	154,185	77,510	76,675	97.6	97.5	97.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,065	1,020	1,045	1.3	1.3	1.3
Before 1980	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	630	335	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	775	375	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
2011 to 2015	355	160	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	425	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,650	965	685	1.0	1.2	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,065	1,020	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	315	135	180	15.3	13.2	17.1
5 to 14 years	345	165	175	16.7	16.2	16.7
15 to 24 years	290	130	155	14.0	12.7	14.8
25 to 44 years	1,000	535	465	48.4	52.5	44.3
45 years and over	115	50	70	5.6	4.9	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,065	1,020	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	405	170	235	19.6	16.7	22.4
Brazil	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.4
Colombia	75	25	45	3.6	2.5	4.3
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	25	50	3.4	2.5	4.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	1.5	1.5	1.4
Peru	25	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	30	15	2.4	2.9	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	65	5.8	5.9	6.2
Europe	840	480	360	40.7	47.1	34.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	490	295	200	23.7	28.9	19.0
Germany	50	25	30	2.4	2.5	2.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	0	1.7	2.5	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Portugal	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	25	10	1.7	2.5	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	1.2	0.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	105	55	55	5.1	5.4	5.2
Africa	565	285	275	27.4	27.9	26.2
Algeria	70	40	25	3.4	3.9	2.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	1.2	1.5	1.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	40	10	2.7	3.9	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	405	180	225	19.6	17.6	21.4
Asia	255	80	175	12.3	7.8	16.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	15	70	4.4	1.5	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.4
Viet Nam	20	15	0	1.0	1.5	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	35	2.2	1.5	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	210	215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	25	30	14.3	11.9	14.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	2.4	4.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	6.0	7.1	7.0
Europe	155	105	55	36.9	50.0	25.6
France	145	90	55	34.5	42.9	25.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	140	60	75	33.3	28.6	34.9
Algeria	15	0	10	3.6	0.0	4.7
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	15	25	9.5	7.1	11.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	3.6	7.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	15	0	4.8	7.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	8.3	4.8	11.6
Asia	70	20	45	16.7	9.5	20.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	157,900	79,495	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,215	2,220	2,000	2.7	2.8	2.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,520	1,260	1,260	1.6	1.6	1.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	151,170	76,010	75,155	95.7	95.6	95.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,815	895	925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,005	600	410	55.4	67.0	44.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	570	390	180	31.4	43.6	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	435	205	225	24.0	22.9	24.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	655	220	435	36.1	24.6	47.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	150	75	75	8.3	8.4	8.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,815	895	925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	10	1.9	2.2	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	225	115	100	12.4	12.8	10.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	30	65	5.2	3.4	7.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	180	75	13.8	20.1	8.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,200	540	660	66.1	60.3	71.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	157,900	79,495	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,975	1,440	1,535	1.9	1.8	2.0
South Asian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	265	60	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,330	675	660	0.8	0.8	0.8
Filipino	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab	425	280	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	435	185	245	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	154,925	78,055	76,870	98.1	98.2	98.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	157,900	79,490	78,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	66,340	33,075	33,265	42.0	41.6	42.4
English	1,105	600	505	0.7	0.8	0.6
Irish	3,835	1,815	2,020	2.4	2.3	2.6
Scottish	2,450	1,175	1,270	1.6	1.5	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	31,135	16,070	15,060	19.7	20.2	19.2
German	880	435	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese	270	75	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	950	555	390	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indian (India)	260	115	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	24,780	12,520	12,260	15.7	15.8	15.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	245	155	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	18,355	9,160	9,200	11.6	11.5	11.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,335	2,235	2,100	2.7	2.8	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,815	1,900	1,915	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis	2,555	1,270	1,290	1.6	1.6	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,675	890	785	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	310	175	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	485	235	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,830	925	905	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	280	115	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	110	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	185	120	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,435	1,175	1,260	1.5	1.5	1.6
Danish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,015	555	465	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	360	210	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	145	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	395	190	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	135	100	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	135	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,680	835	845	1.1	1.1	1.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	245	105	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	215	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	200	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	200	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Norman	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	157,900	79,495	78,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	123,170	60,375	62,790	78.0	75.9	80.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,675	4,370	4,305	5.5	5.5	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baptist	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	112,890	55,240	57,645	71.5	69.5	73.5
Christian Orthodox	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	195	80	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	170	110	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	635	300	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	735	435	300	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	365	180	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	33,520	18,440	15,075	21.2	23.2	19.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	156,330	78,625	77,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	139,615	70,305	69,310	89.3	89.4	89.2
Movers	16,715	8,320	8,395	10.7	10.6	10.8
Non-migrants	12,205	6,025	6,180	7.8	7.7	8.0
Migrants	4,505	2,295	2,215	2.9	2.9	2.9
Internal migrants	4,040	2,030	2,010	2.6	2.6	2.6
Intraprovincial migrants	3,635	1,795	1,840	2.3	2.3	2.4
Interprovincial migrants	410	235	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	460	260	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	150,290	75,485	74,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,330	50,720	49,610	66.8	67.2	66.3
Movers	49,960	24,770	25,190	33.2	32.8	33.7
Non-migrants	30,990	15,085	15,910	20.6	20.0	21.3
Migrants	18,965	9,685	9,285	12.6	12.8	12.4
Internal migrants	17,265	8,735	8,530	11.5	11.6	11.4
Intraprovincial migrants	16,120	8,085	8,040	10.7	10.7	10.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,145	650	490	0.8	0.9	0.7
External migrants	1,705	950	750	1.1	1.3	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	133,435	67,040	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,070	13,925	12,145	19.5	20.8	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	107,370	53,115	54,250	80.5	79.2	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,440	41,235	40,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,280	6,645	4,640	13.9	16.1	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,160	34,590	35,565	86.1	83.9	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	133,435	67,040	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,045	10,915	11,130	16.5	16.3	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,435	12,935	13,500	19.8	19.3	20.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	84,960	43,195	41,765	63.7	64.4	62.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	62,460	33,055	29,415	46.8	49.3	44.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	31,530	19,280	12,245	23.6	28.8	18.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	23,670	13,070	10,600	17.7	19.5	16.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,860	6,210	1,650	5.9	9.3	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,240	11,825	14,420	19.7	17.6	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,690	1,945	2,750	3.5	2.9	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,495	10,145	12,350	16.9	15.1	18.6
Bachelor's degree	15,310	6,720	8,590	11.5	10.0	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,785	820	965	1.3	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	730	320	405	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	3,940	1,835	2,100	3.0	2.7	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	735	450	285	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,440	41,235	40,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,350	4,475	3,880	10.3	10.9	9.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,620	5,995	5,620	14.3	14.5	14.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,475	30,770	30,705	75.5	74.6	76.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,275	23,525	20,750	54.4	57.1	51.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,350	14,105	9,250	28.7	34.2	23.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	17,630	9,475	8,150	21.6	23.0	20.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,725	4,625	1,100	7.0	11.2	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,010	8,210	9,805	22.1	19.9	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,910	1,215	1,700	3.6	2.9	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,200	7,250	9,955	21.1	17.6	24.8
Bachelor's degree	11,500	4,775	6,725	14.1	11.6	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,305	510	795	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	595	220	375	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,225	1,420	1,810	4.0	3.4	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	570	320	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	133,440	67,045	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,475	23,845	24,630	36.3	35.6	37.1
Education	6,685	1,800	4,885	5.0	2.7	7.4
13. Education	6,685	1,800	4,885	5.0	2.7	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,605	700	905	1.2	1.0	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	175	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,335	525	810	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	3,630	1,560	2,065	2.7	2.3	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	85	280	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,965	855	1,105	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	340	205	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	260	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	465	155	310	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,285	1,305	3,975	4.0	1.9	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	610	205	410	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,900	80	1,820	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	695	245	450	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,030	220	805	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	835	495	340	0.6	0.7	0.5
Business, management and public administration	18,540	5,585	12,950	13.9	8.3	19.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,615	305	1,310	1.2	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,905	5,280	11,625	12.7	7.9	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,270	1,260	1,005	1.7	1.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	205	345	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	500	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	700	475	230	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	275	185	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,385	1,755	630	1.8	2.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,905	1,550	350	1.4	2.3	0.5
25. Library science	275	60	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,685	21,780	1,910	17.7	32.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	605	345	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	2,685	2,290	395	2.0	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,380	4,710	675	4.0	7.0	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,295	5,125	170	4.0	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,635	5,420	215	4.2	8.1	0.3
48. Precision production	4,080	3,890	190	3.1	5.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,215	1,600	615	1.7	2.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	700	385	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,515	1,215	305	1.1	1.8	0.5
Health and related fields	11,365	1,985	9,380	8.5	3.0	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	370	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,415	1,470	8,950	7.8	2.2	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	320	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,285	3,860	3,425	5.5	5.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,990	1,005	2,985	3.0	1.5	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	80	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,185	915	275	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,000	1,840	160	1.5	2.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,445	41,235	40,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,965	10,470	9,500	24.5	25.4	23.6
Education	4,120	920	3,195	5.1	2.2	7.9
13. Education	4,120	920	3,195	5.1	2.2	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,110	490	620	1.4	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	955	390	565	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	2,120	895	1,215	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	55	215	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,095	505	590	1.3	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	310	95	215	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,050	895	3,150	5.0	2.2	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	130	270	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,540	60	1,475	1.9	0.1	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	520	160	365	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	820	160	660	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	610	345	270	0.7	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	13,415	3,870	9,550	16.5	9.4	23.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,250	225	1,025	1.5	0.5	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,150	3,645	8,510	14.9	8.8	21.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	800	570	1.7	1.9	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	155	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	100	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	555	365	190	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	175	115	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,835	1,385	445	2.3	3.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,570	1,300	275	1.9	3.2	0.7
25. Library science	150	20	130	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,675	15,995	1,685	21.7	38.8	4.2
04. Architecture and related services	490	260	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	2,160	1,820	340	2.7	4.4	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,060	3,455	605	5.0	8.4	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,860	3,700	160	4.7	9.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,070	3,895	175	5.0	9.4	0.4
48. Precision production	3,035	2,855	185	3.7	6.9	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,145	520	2.1	2.8	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	260	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,150	885	265	1.4	2.1	0.7
Health and related fields	8,305	1,405	6,905	10.2	3.4	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	280	175	0.6	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,570	1,010	6,555	9.3	2.4	16.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,790	2,960	2,835	7.1	7.2	7.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,170	695	2,470	3.9	1.7	6.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	955	730	230	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,575	1,445	130	1.9	3.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	81,445	41,235	40,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,965	10,470	9,500	24.5	25.4	23.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,475	30,775	30,705	75.5	74.6	76.4
Location of study inside Canada	60,280	30,110	30,165	74.0	73.0	75.0
Same as province or territory of residence	59,345	29,500	29,845	72.9	71.5	74.2
Different than province or territory of residence	930	615	325	1.1	1.5	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,195	655	540	1.5	1.6	1.3
Americas	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	495	305	180	0.6	0.7	0.4
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	355	230	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	320	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	80	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	133,435	67,040	66,395	...	...	...
In the labour force	79,955	42,595	37,360	...	...	...
Employed	75,460	40,065	35,395	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,495	2,530	1,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	53,480	24,445	29,035	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.9	63.5	56.3	59.9	63.5	56.3
Employment rate	56.6	59.8	53.3	56.6	59.8	53.3
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.9	5.3	5.6	5.9	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	133,440	67,045	66,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,310	23,670	28,645	39.2	35.3	43.1
Worked	81,125	43,375	37,755	60.8	64.7	56.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	43,810	24,705	19,110	32.8	36.8	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,315	18,665	18,640	28.0	27.8	28.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.6	41.5	42.1	42.6	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	79,955	42,600	37,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,425	685	735	1.8	1.6	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	78,535	41,910	36,625	98.2	98.4	98.0
Employee	71,730	38,145	33,580	89.7	89.5	89.9
Permanent position	58,040	31,345	26,700	72.6	73.6	71.5
Temporary position	13,685	6,800	6,885	17.1	16.0	18.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,670	2,180	2,485	5.8	5.1	6.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	9,020	4,620	4,400	11.3	10.8	11.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,805	3,760	3,040	8.5	8.8	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	79,955	42,600	37,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,425	685	735	1.8	1.6	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	78,535	41,910	36,625	98.2	98.4	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,060	780	275	1.3	1.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,905	3,500	8,400	14.9	8.2	22.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,165	4,945	1,225	7.7	11.6	3.3
3 Health occupations	7,560	1,270	6,290	9.5	3.0	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,350	3,355	6,995	12.9	7.9	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,630	785	850	2.0	1.8	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	19,950	8,990	10,960	25.0	21.1	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,645	13,755	890	18.3	32.3	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,390	1,200	195	1.7	2.8	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,880	3,330	550	4.9	7.8	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	79,955	42,600	37,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,425	685	735	1.8	1.6	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	78,535	41,910	36,625	98.2	98.4	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,125	875	250	1.4	2.1	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	945	865	75	1.2	2.0	0.2
22 Utilities	920	770	155	1.2	1.8	0.4
23 Construction	6,060	5,185	870	7.6	12.2	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	8,390	6,805	1,585	10.5	16.0	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,870	1,460	405	2.3	3.4	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	10,155	4,635	5,525	12.7	10.9	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,790	2,270	520	3.5	5.3	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,085	630	455	1.4	1.5	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,610	530	1,085	2.0	1.2	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	795	460	335	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,665	2,810	1,860	5.8	6.6	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,285	2,135	1,155	4.1	5.0	3.1
61 Educational services	6,265	2,125	4,140	7.8	5.0	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	12,770	2,275	10,495	16.0	5.3	28.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	995	530	465	1.2	1.2	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,345	1,975	2,370	5.4	4.6	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,280	2,165	2,120	5.4	5.1	5.7
91 Public administration	6,110	3,380	2,725	7.6	7.9	7.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	85,920	45,865	40,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	595	375	220	0.7	0.8	0.5
French	77,845	40,440	37,405	90.6	88.2	93.4
Non-official language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,350	4,995	2,355	8.6	10.9	5.9
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	85,920	45,865	40,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,110	45,300	39,810	99.1	98.8	99.4
Official languages	85,075	45,295	39,785	99.0	98.8	99.3
English	1,470	990	480	1.7	2.2	1.2
French	83,605	44,305	39,300	97.3	96.6	98.1
Non-official languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	810	565	245	0.9	1.2	0.6
English and French	785	555	230	0.9	1.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	85,920	45,865	40,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,245	41,365	37,880	92.2	90.2	94.6
English	5,705	3,835	1,870	6.6	8.4	4.7
French	885	615	270	1.0	1.3	0.7
Non-official language	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	75,455	40,065	35,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,110	4,820	5,290	13.4	12.0	14.9
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,640	5,740	1,900	10.1	14.3	5.4
Usual place of work	57,665	29,475	28,190	76.4	73.6	79.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	57,665	29,475	28,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,275	24,445	24,830	85.5	82.9	88.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,170	2,750	2,415	9.0	9.3	8.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,130	2,200	925	5.4	7.5	3.3
Commute to a different province or territory	95	75	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	65,300	35,215	30,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	60,255	32,520	27,735	92.3	92.3	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	57,505	31,115	26,390	88.1	88.4	87.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,750	1,405	1,345	4.2	4.0	4.5
Public transit	1,210	615	595	1.9	1.7	2.0
Walked	2,365	1,075	1,290	3.6	3.1	4.3
Bicycle	250	195	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	1,220	815	410	1.9	2.3	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	65,300	35,215	30,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	30,070	14,690	15,385	46.0	41.7	51.1
15 to 29 minutes	25,285	13,910	11,375	38.7	39.5	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	6,605	4,070	2,535	10.1	11.6	8.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,785	1,250	535	2.7	3.5	1.8
60 minutes and over	1,560	1,300	260	2.4	3.7	0.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	65,300	35,215	30,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,960	3,220	740	6.1	9.1	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,300	8,965	3,335	18.8	25.5	11.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	24,785	11,970	12,810	38.0	34.0	42.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,010	4,355	6,655	16.9	12.4	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,005	1,580	2,425	6.1	4.5	8.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,245	5,130	4,110	14.2	14.6	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,600	15,105	14,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,600	1,305	1,305	8.8	8.6	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,995	13,800	13,190	91.2	91.4	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,435	10,870	10,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,960	960	1,000	9.1	8.8	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,380	650	730	6.4	6.0	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	305	270	2.7	2.8	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,475	9,905	9,570	90.9	91.1	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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