Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saguenay, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	144,723	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	145,949	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.8	...	...	- 0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	71,017	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	67,522	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	128.7	...	...	128.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,124.63	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	144,725	71,935	72,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,605	11,045	10,555	14.9	15.4	14.5
0 to 4 years	6,600	3,430	3,170	4.6	4.8	4.4
5 to 9 years	7,470	3,745	3,725	5.2	5.2	5.1
10 to 14 years	7,535	3,870	3,670	5.2	5.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	87,180	44,390	42,795	60.2	61.7	58.8
15 to 19 years	6,990	3,530	3,460	4.8	4.9	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,315	3,805	3,515	5.1	5.3	4.8
25 to 29 years	8,195	4,280	3,915	5.7	5.9	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,330	4,355	3,970	5.8	6.1	5.5
35 to 39 years	8,725	4,565	4,165	6.0	6.3	5.7
40 to 44 years	9,105	4,765	4,340	6.3	6.6	6.0
45 to 49 years	7,695	3,960	3,735	5.3	5.5	5.1
50 to 54 years	7,485	3,715	3,775	5.2	5.2	5.2
55 to 59 years	10,750	5,280	5,470	7.4	7.3	7.5
60 to 64 years	12,585	6,135	6,445	8.7	8.5	8.9
65 years and over	35,935	16,495	19,440	24.8	22.9	26.7
65 to 69 years	11,275	5,590	5,690	7.8	7.8	7.8
70 to 74 years	9,260	4,530	4,720	6.4	6.3	6.5
75 to 79 years	6,645	3,050	3,600	4.6	4.2	4.9
80 to 84 years	4,515	1,875	2,645	3.1	2.6	3.6
85 years and over	4,250	1,455	2,795	2.9	2.0	3.8
85 to 89 years	2,585	980	1,610	1.8	1.4	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,350	385	965	0.9	0.5	1.3
95 to 99 years	285	90	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.4	14.5	14.9	15.4	14.5
15 to 64 years	60.2	61.7	58.8	60.2	61.7	58.8
65 years and over	24.8	22.9	26.7	24.8	22.9	26.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.8	2.9	2.0	3.8
Average age of the population	45.1	43.9	46.2	45.1	43.9	46.2
Median age of the population	46.0	44.4	48.0	46.0	44.4	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	67,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,445	...	...	48.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,310	...	...	7.9	...	...
Row house	1,620	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,015	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,435	...	...	25.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,055	...	...	1.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	225	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	425	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	24,490	...	...	36.3	...	...
2 persons	25,900	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	7,640	...	...	11.3	...	...
4 persons	6,560	...	...	9.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,930	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	141,115	70,700	70,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,115	60,885	62,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	72,470	36,175	36,295	58.9	59.4	58.3
Married	37,740	18,860	18,880	30.7	31.0	30.3
Living common-law	34,730	17,315	17,415	28.2	28.4	28.0
Living common law - Never married	27,765	13,830	13,930	22.6	22.7	22.4
Living common law - Separated	425	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,710	2,920	2,790	4.6	4.8	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	835	355	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	50,645	24,705	25,940	41.1	40.6	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,045	18,555	14,495	26.8	30.5	23.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,590	780	810	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,935	3,350	4,585	6.4	5.5	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,070	2,015	6,055	6.6	3.3	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,270	...	...	61.2	...	...
3 persons	7,180	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	6,305	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,545	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,765	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	18,410	...	...	44.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,290	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	13,115	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	17,355	...	...	42.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,595	...	...	20.8	...	...
Without children	8,760	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,540	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,855	...	...	9.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,685	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	141,120	70,700	70,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	110,740	55,225	55,515	78.5	78.1	78.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,525	35,705	35,820	50.7	50.5	50.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,545	1,685	3,860	3.9	2.4	5.5
Children⁶	33,670	17,835	15,835	23.9	25.2	22.5
In a two-parent family	25,410	13,305	12,105	18.0	18.8	17.2
In a one-parent family	8,255	4,530	3,730	5.8	6.4	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30,375	15,480	14,900	21.5	21.9	21.2
Living alone	24,485	12,210	12,280	17.4	17.3	17.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,180	1,000	1,180	1.5	1.4	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,710	2,270	1,445	2.6	3.2	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,660	...	...	58.7	...	...
Couple-family households	34,570	...	...	51.2	...	...
With children⁶	13,455	...	...	19.9	...	...
Without children	21,115	...	...	31.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,090	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	395	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	870	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,990	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	24,485	...	...	36.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	119,590	59,715	59,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,360	58,745	58,615	98.1	98.4	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	34,000	41,600	49,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,380	58,755	58,625	98.2	98.4	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	30,600	36,400	42,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,275	54,200	50,080	87.2	90.8	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,000	26,200	34,400	42,000	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,230	45,200	37,030	68.8	75.7	61.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	30,000	35,200	40,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,345	46,495	51,855	82.2	77.9	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,300	12,200	11,900	11,300	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,465	9,020	7,445	13.8	15.1	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,480	5,040	5,360	5,480	5,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,240	15,115	14,125	24.5	25.3	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	119,590	59,685	59,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,260	58,650	58,605	98.1	98.3	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	57,000	41,200	49,080	57,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,295	58,670	58,620	98.1	98.3	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	46,320	35,080	40,680	46,320	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,380	54,110	50,270	87.3	90.7	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	51,650	34,640	43,480	51,650	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,230	45,270	36,960	68.8	75.8	61.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	49,120	38,320	44,280	49,120	38,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,225	46,250	51,975	82.1	77.5	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,420	11,850	12,920	12,420	11,850	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,350	8,895	7,460	13.7	14.9	12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,500	7,100	6,770	6,500	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,955	14,910	14,045	24.2	25.0	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	7,080	7,740	7,400	7,080	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	119,585	59,690	59,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,620	21,660	16,955	32.3	36.3	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	63,600	49,200	57,200	63,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	73,300	57,650	66,400	73,300	57,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,115	15,875	16,240	26.9	26.6	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,800	17,200	20,200	24,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	34,640	24,220	29,360	34,640	24,220
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.6	72.2	78.8	83.6	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.2	66.6	58.7	63.2	66.6	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.4	27.9	21.2	16.4	27.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.2	4.5	3.7	3.2	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	119,595	59,715	59,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,235	970	1,260	1.9	1.6	2.1
With total income	117,360	58,745	58,615	98.1	98.4	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,645	2,660	4,985	6.5	4.5	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,720	5,255	9,460	12.5	8.9	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	18,790	7,485	11,305	16.0	12.7	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	15,300	6,710	8,590	13.0	11.4	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	15,495	7,920	7,575	13.2	13.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	13,085	7,555	5,525	11.1	12.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	9,215	5,750	3,465	7.9	9.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,105	3,915	2,195	5.2	6.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,735	2,760	1,980	4.0	4.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	1,855	1,180	2.6	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	9,235	6,875	2,360	7.9	11.7	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	7,010	5,275	1,730	6.0	9.0	3.0
$150,000 and over	2,220	1,595	625	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	119,595	59,715	59,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,210	960	1,245	1.8	1.6	2.1
With after-tax income	117,385	58,755	58,630	98.2	98.4	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,510	2,815	5,695	7.2	4.8	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	15,300	5,575	9,720	13.0	9.5	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	22,255	9,005	13,250	19.0	15.3	22.6
$30,000 to $39,999	19,495	9,390	10,110	16.6	16.0	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	18,400	10,405	7,995	15.7	17.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	12,610	7,935	4,675	10.7	13.5	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,680	4,580	3,100	6.5	7.8	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,775	2,925	1,850	4.1	5.0	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,190	2,300	885	2.7	3.9	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	1,485	445	1.6	2.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	3,240	2,345	900	2.8	4.0	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,900	1,420	475	1.6	2.4	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,345	920	420	1.1	1.6	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	119,595	59,715	59,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	37,365	14,515	22,850	31.2	24.3	38.2
With employment income	82,235	45,205	37,025	68.8	75.7	61.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,140	7,445	4,690	14.8	16.5	12.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,880	2,585	3,300	7.2	5.7	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,695	4,055	5,640	11.8	9.0	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	8,740	3,865	4,870	10.6	8.5	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	8,655	4,290	4,365	10.5	9.5	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,440	4,380	4,060	10.3	9.7	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,505	3,775	2,725	7.9	8.4	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,340	3,415	1,925	6.5	7.6	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	2,545	1,410	4.8	5.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	1,920	1,635	4.3	4.2	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	1,425	715	2.6	3.2	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,180	5,490	1,690	8.7	12.1	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,890	3,005	880	4.7	6.6	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,295	2,480	810	4.0	5.5	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	119,590	59,715	59,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,825	57,990	57,835	96.9	97.1	96.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	30,800	39,200	48,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,025	57,995	58,030	97.0	97.1	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	27,800	34,400	41,200	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,040	53,670	49,375	86.2	89.9	82.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	27,200	35,200	43,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,885	45,330	37,555	69.3	75.9	62.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	30,000	35,600	42,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,815	42,500	48,310	75.9	71.2	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,500	9,700	9,000	8,500	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,820	8,770	7,050	13.2	14.7	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,960	4,520	4,760	4,960	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	119,590	59,685	59,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,760	57,880	57,875	96.8	97.0	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	55,750	38,360	47,040	55,750	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,975	57,890	58,090	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,080	32,520	38,800	45,080	32,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,980	53,510	49,465	86.1	89.7	82.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	52,900	34,640	44,120	52,900	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,890	45,355	37,535	69.3	76.0	62.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	50,000	37,440	44,280	50,000	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,780	42,310	48,465	75.9	70.9	80.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,960	9,390	10,450	9,960	9,390	10,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,840	8,730	7,110	13.2	14.6	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,460	5,920	7,130	6,460	5,920	7,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	119,585	59,690	59,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,530	21,630	16,900	32.2	36.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	61,200	46,400	54,000	61,200	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,250	70,700	53,650	63,250	70,700	53,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,430	15,050	15,375	25.4	25.2	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,600	20,600	24,200	29,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,440	39,880	27,120	33,440	39,880	27,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.6	77.2	83.4	87.6	77.2
Employment income (%)	67.4	70.2	63.3	67.4	70.2	63.3
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.3	22.8	16.6	12.3	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.3	1.9	1.6	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	67,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	43,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	67,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...	43,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,680	...	...	36,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	43,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	435	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,675	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,530	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,560	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,540	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,275	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,240	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,125	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,850	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,500	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,665	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,710	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,725	...	...	30.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,200	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,875	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,270	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,385	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	460	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,160	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,750	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,820	...	...	7.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,180	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,290	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,110	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,095	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,410	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,920	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,985	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,215	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,660	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,710	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,310	...	...	21.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,535	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,820	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,960	...	...	5.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,200	14,475	13,720	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	40,800	30,600	35,600	40,800	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	35,600	28,800	31,800	35,600	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...	149,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,255	14,265	13,995	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	46,280	37,400	41,880	46,280	37,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,760	38,600	32,800	35,760	38,600	32,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	141,115	70,700	70,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,575	13,060	12,515	18.1	18.5	17.8
0 to 5 years	8,065	4,165	3,900	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	82,590	41,965	40,625	58.5	59.4	57.7
65 years and over	32,950	15,675	17,275	23.3	22.2	24.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,305	7,235	9,070	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,880	965	915	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	595	305	290	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,905	3,955	3,960	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,515	2,320	4,200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.2	12.9	11.6	10.2	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.7	9.6	9.4	9.7
65 years and over (%)	19.8	14.8	24.3	19.8	14.8	24.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	141,120	70,700	70,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,575	13,060	12,520	18.1	18.5	17.8
0 to 5 years	8,065	4,170	3,900	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	82,590	41,960	40,625	58.5	59.3	57.7
65 years and over	32,955	15,680	17,275	23.4	22.2	24.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,410	2,825	2,590	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	490	255	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	70	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,370	2,375	1,995	...	...	...
65 years and over	555	190	360	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.7	4.9	5.3	5.7	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.2	2.1	1.7	1.2	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	141,115	70,700	70,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	79,355	38,635	40,725	56.2	54.6	57.8
In bottom decile	13,750	6,200	7,550	9.7	8.8	10.7
In second decile	15,195	7,115	8,080	10.8	10.1	11.5
In third decile	15,925	7,775	8,145	11.3	11.0	11.6
In fourth decile	18,055	9,135	8,920	12.8	12.9	12.7
In fifth decile	16,440	8,405	8,030	11.7	11.9	11.4
In top half of the distribution	61,755	32,065	29,690	43.8	45.4	42.2
In sixth decile	16,045	8,290	7,750	11.4	11.7	11.0
In seventh decile	14,800	7,580	7,220	10.5	10.7	10.3
In eighth decile	13,295	6,910	6,385	9.4	9.8	9.1
In ninth decile	10,585	5,605	4,985	7.5	7.9	7.1
In top decile	7,035	3,685	3,355	5.0	5.2	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	141,120	...	...	141,120	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	143,395	71,325	72,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	325	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	107,930	50,470	57,460	75.3	70.8	79.7
English and French	35,035	20,625	14,410	24.4	28.9	20.0
Neither English nor French	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	143,395	71,325	72,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,375	730	645	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	141,550	70,330	71,220	98.7	98.6	98.8
English and French	380	215	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	143,395	71,325	72,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	142,425	70,815	71,610	99.3	99.3	99.4
Official languages	140,855	69,985	70,875	98.2	98.1	98.3
English	1,215	650	565	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	139,640	69,335	70,305	97.4	97.2	97.6
Non-official languages	1,570	835	735	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,445	770	670	1.0	1.1	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	230	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	210	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	320	205	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	725	355	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	970	510	460	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	660	350	310	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	143,395	71,325	72,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	605	325	280	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	138,080	68,300	69,780	96.3	95.8	96.8
Non-official language	355	200	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	310	175	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	3,045	1,805	1,240	2.1	2.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	885	465	425	0.6	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	175	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	143,395	71,325	72,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	142,600	70,885	71,715	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	141,920	70,505	71,415	99.0	98.9	99.1
English	955	520	435	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	140,965	69,990	70,975	98.3	98.1	98.5
Non-official languages	680	375	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	620	345	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	345	190	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	180	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	795	445	355	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	505	290	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	143,395	71,325	72,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,760	69,220	70,540	97.5	97.0	97.9
English	2,330	1,400	930	1.6	2.0	1.3
French	510	275	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	510	275	240	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	250	220	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	141,115	70,685	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	141,015	70,645	70,370	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	35,205	20,800	14,405	24.9	29.4	20.5
French	140,670	70,445	70,220	99.7	99.7	99.7
Non-official languages	4,740	2,315	2,420	3.4	3.3	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,540	2,220	2,320	3.2	3.1	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	505	310	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	290	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	290	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,300	1,510	1,790	2.3	2.1	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	305	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,845	1,270	1,575	2.0	1.8	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	145	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,590	1,135	1,455	1.8	1.6	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	305	165	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,120	70,685	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,370	2,680	2,685	3.8	3.8	3.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,015	2,530	2,490	3.6	3.6	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,305	1,080	1,225	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	2,650	1,425	1,225	1.9	2.0	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	265	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	135,750	68,005	67,740	96.2	96.2	96.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,120	70,685	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,695	830	865	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	139,415	69,855	69,560	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,795	...	...	61.9	...	...
Renter	25,730	...	...	38.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,950	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not condominium	60,570	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	8,465	...	...	12.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,440	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,550	...	...	33.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,875	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,080	...	...	31.2	...	...
5 rooms	11,230	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	7,825	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	7,885	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,490	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	67,425	...	...	99.9	...	...
More than one person per room	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	66,925	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	600	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,540	...	...	26.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,255	...	...	34.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,340	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,770	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,110	...	...	3.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,745	...	...	4.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,365	...	...	5.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,400	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	64,365	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,160	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	39,450	...	...	58.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,200	...	...	40.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	865	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	67,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,540	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,915	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,635	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,165	...	...	13.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,070	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,000	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,115	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	2,080	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	67,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	59,035	...	...	87.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,210	...	...	12.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,590	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	67,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,445	...	...	17.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,745	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	520	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,670	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	56,075	...	...	83.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	66,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,780	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not in core need	64,845	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,700	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.5	...	...	64.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,054	...	...	1,054	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	...	...	220,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	238,000	...	...	238,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,715	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	689	...	...	689	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	141,120	70,690	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,110	2,495	2,615	3.6	3.5	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,040	2,455	2,590	3.6	3.5	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,620	1,780	1,835	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis single ancestry	1,330	650	685	0.9	0.9	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,935	1,930	2,005	2.8	2.7	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,855	1,905	1,955	2.7	2.7	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,225	1,595	1,635	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630	310	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	132,070	66,260	65,810	93.6	93.7	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	141,115	70,690	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	138,945	69,460	69,490	98.5	98.3	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,335	13,075	12,260	18.0	18.5	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,605	56,380	57,225	80.5	79.8	81.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,175	1,230	945	1.5	1.7	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	141,115	70,690	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	137,540	68,770	68,770	97.5	97.3	97.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,980	980	1,000	1.4	1.4	1.4
Before 1980	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	580	315	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	750	365	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
2011 to 2015	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	425	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,600	940	660	1.1	1.3	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,980	980	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	295	130	160	14.9	13.3	15.9
5 to 14 years	340	160	175	17.2	16.3	17.4
15 to 24 years	275	130	150	13.9	13.3	14.9
25 to 44 years	960	510	450	48.5	52.0	44.8
45 years and over	110	50	65	5.6	5.1	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,980	980	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	395	170	220	19.9	17.3	21.9
Brazil	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.5
Colombia	60	25	40	3.0	2.6	4.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	65	25	45	3.3	2.6	4.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	1.5	1.5	1.5
Peru	25	0	15	1.3	0.0	1.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	30	15	2.5	3.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	65	6.1	6.1	6.5
Europe	780	445	340	39.4	45.4	33.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	455	275	180	23.0	28.1	17.9
Germany	50	25	30	2.5	2.6	3.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Portugal	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	25	10	1.8	2.6	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	40	50	4.5	4.1	5.0
Africa	555	280	275	28.0	28.6	27.4
Algeria	60	35	25	3.0	3.6	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	1.3	1.5	1.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	40	10	2.8	4.1	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	400	170	225	20.2	17.3	22.4
Asia	250	80	170	12.6	8.2	16.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	15	65	4.3	1.5	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	1.3	0.0	2.5
Viet Nam	20	15	0	1.0	1.5	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30	2.3	1.5	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	210	215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	25	30	14.3	11.9	14.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	2.4	4.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	6.0	7.1	7.0
Europe	155	105	55	36.9	50.0	25.6
France	145	90	55	34.5	42.9	25.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	140	60	75	33.3	28.6	34.9
Algeria	15	0	10	3.6	0.0	4.7
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	15	25	9.5	7.1	11.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	3.6	7.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	15	0	4.8	7.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	8.3	4.8	11.6
Asia	70	20	45	16.7	9.5	20.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	141,115	70,685	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,025	2,140	1,890	2.9	3.0	2.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,340	1,180	1,165	1.7	1.7	1.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	134,745	67,370	67,380	95.5	95.3	95.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,735	850	880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	975	575	400	56.2	67.6	45.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	550	370	180	31.7	43.5	20.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	425	205	220	24.5	24.1	25.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	620	210	415	35.7	24.7	47.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	130	70	65	7.5	8.2	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,735	850	880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	10	2.0	2.4	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	195	105	90	11.2	12.4	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	30	65	5.5	3.5	7.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	175	75	14.4	20.6	8.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145	515	630	66.0	60.6	71.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	141,120	70,685	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,870	1,405	1,465	2.0	2.0	2.1
South Asian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	230	60	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	1,310	650	660	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	420	280	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	415	185	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	90	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	138,245	69,280	68,965	98.0	98.0	97.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	141,115	70,690	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	59,050	29,195	29,855	41.8	41.3	42.4
English	1,035	560	480	0.7	0.8	0.7
Irish	3,430	1,670	1,760	2.4	2.4	2.5
Scottish	2,235	1,050	1,180	1.6	1.5	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,115	14,455	13,660	19.9	20.4	19.4
German	825	395	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese	240	75	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	835	500	330	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indian (India)	235	105	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	22,225	11,215	11,010	15.7	15.9	15.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	150	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	16,395	8,175	8,220	11.6	11.6	11.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,900	2,000	1,900	2.8	2.8	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,265	1,600	1,660	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis	2,095	1,020	1,075	1.5	1.4	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,600	845	750	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	435	200	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,710	840	870	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	110	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	145	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	175	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,145	1,035	1,115	1.5	1.5	1.6
Danish	65	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	925	505	420	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	335	190	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	145	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	165	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	130	100	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	135	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,420	705	715	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	235	100	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	200	60	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Norman	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	141,120	70,685	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	75	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	110,160	53,605	56,550	78.1	75.8	80.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,710	3,835	3,875	5.5	5.4	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baptist	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	100,965	49,070	51,900	71.5	69.4	73.7
Christian Orthodox	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	195	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	550	255	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	735	435	300	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	330	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	29,780	16,420	13,360	21.1	23.2	19.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	139,755	69,935	69,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	124,435	62,285	62,155	89.0	89.1	89.0
Movers	15,315	7,655	7,660	11.0	10.9	11.0
Non-migrants	11,565	5,735	5,830	8.3	8.2	8.4
Migrants	3,755	1,920	1,835	2.7	2.7	2.6
Internal migrants	3,290	1,660	1,640	2.4	2.4	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,910	1,435	1,475	2.1	2.1	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	380	220	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	460	260	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	134,440	67,150	67,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,635	44,950	44,685	66.7	66.9	66.4
Movers	44,800	22,200	22,600	33.3	33.1	33.6
Non-migrants	29,710	14,460	15,255	22.1	21.5	22.7
Migrants	15,095	7,745	7,345	11.2	11.5	10.9
Internal migrants	13,435	6,805	6,630	10.0	10.1	9.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,350	6,185	6,165	9.2	9.2	9.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,085	620	465	0.8	0.9	0.7
External migrants	1,655	940	720	1.2	1.4	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,585	59,690	59,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,490	11,905	10,585	18.8	19.9	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,095	47,780	49,315	81.2	80.0	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,475	36,540	35,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,555	5,575	3,980	13.2	15.3	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,920	30,965	31,955	86.8	84.7	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,590	59,685	59,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,155	9,425	9,725	16.0	15.8	16.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,800	11,585	12,220	19.9	19.4	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,640	38,675	37,960	64.1	64.8	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,650	29,165	26,485	46.5	48.9	44.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,700	16,785	10,920	23.2	28.1	18.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20,940	11,500	9,440	17.5	19.3	15.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,760	5,285	1,475	5.7	8.9	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,725	10,660	13,065	19.8	17.9	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,220	1,720	2,500	3.5	2.9	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,985	9,505	11,475	17.5	15.9	19.2
Bachelor's degree	14,185	6,265	7,915	11.9	10.5	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,675	755	920	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	715	315	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	3,695	1,740	1,955	3.1	2.9	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	435	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,475	36,540	35,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,110	3,790	3,320	9.8	10.4	9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,260	5,325	4,935	14.2	14.6	13.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,110	27,430	27,675	76.0	75.1	77.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,085	20,635	18,455	53.9	56.5	51.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,355	12,205	8,150	28.1	33.4	22.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,575	8,370	7,210	21.5	22.9	20.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,785	3,835	945	6.6	10.5	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,115	7,355	8,760	22.2	20.1	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,620	1,075	1,545	3.6	2.9	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,020	6,795	9,225	22.1	18.6	25.7
Bachelor's degree	10,620	4,455	6,160	14.7	12.2	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,225	460	760	1.7	1.3	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	585	215	370	0.8	0.6	1.0
Master's degree	3,035	1,360	1,680	4.2	3.7	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	550	300	250	0.8	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	119,590	59,685	59,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,950	21,010	21,940	35.9	35.2	36.6
Education	6,160	1,635	4,520	5.2	2.7	7.5
13. Education	6,160	1,635	4,520	5.2	2.7	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	665	810	1.2	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,220	500	715	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	3,355	1,435	1,915	2.8	2.4	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	335	80	255	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,815	795	1,020	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	170	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	245	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	445	145	290	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,865	1,230	3,640	4.1	2.1	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	190	390	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,680	70	1,610	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	640	220	420	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	35	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	975	215	765	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	780	470	315	0.7	0.8	0.5
Business, management and public administration	16,895	5,090	11,800	14.1	8.5	19.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,525	285	1,240	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,360	4,810	10,550	12.8	8.1	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,055	1,155	905	1.7	1.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	195	325	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	135	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	625	425	200	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	265	180	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,265	1,660	605	1.9	2.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,805	1,470	335	1.5	2.5	0.6
25. Library science	260	45	210	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	21,035	19,305	1,735	17.6	32.3	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	565	330	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,530	2,160	365	2.1	3.6	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,915	4,305	610	4.1	7.2	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,685	4,520	160	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,770	4,580	195	4.0	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	3,580	3,410	170	3.0	5.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,835	1,315	520	1.5	2.2	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	310	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,240	1,005	235	1.0	1.7	0.4
Health and related fields	10,275	1,825	8,445	8.6	3.1	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	350	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,380	1,340	8,040	7.8	2.2	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,405	3,345	3,055	5.4	5.6	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,580	900	2,680	3.0	1.5	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,110	850	255	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,510	115	1.4	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,475	36,540	35,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,370	9,110	8,255	24.0	24.9	23.0
Education	3,795	840	2,955	5.2	2.3	8.2
13. Education	3,795	840	2,955	5.2	2.3	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	475	535	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	870	385	490	1.2	1.1	1.4
Humanities	1,915	825	1,095	2.6	2.3	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	45	200	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	990	470	520	1.4	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	85	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,720	850	2,870	5.1	2.3	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	130	255	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	55	1,300	1.9	0.2	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	480	140	345	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	780	150	630	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	570	330	240	0.8	0.9	0.7
Business, management and public administration	12,120	3,490	8,630	16.7	9.6	24.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,180	215	965	1.6	0.6	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,935	3,280	7,655	15.1	9.0	21.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,235	725	510	1.7	2.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	140	240	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	95	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	490	325	160	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,750	1,320	430	2.4	3.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,490	1,230	260	2.1	3.4	0.7
25. Library science	145	15	130	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,620	14,100	1,525	21.6	38.6	4.2
04. Architecture and related services	450	245	205	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	2,045	1,730	320	2.8	4.7	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,675	3,130	540	5.1	8.6	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,395	3,245	145	4.7	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,420	3,265	150	4.7	8.9	0.4
48. Precision production	2,635	2,480	160	3.6	6.8	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	950	440	1.9	2.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	205	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	945	745	200	1.3	2.0	0.6
Health and related fields	7,445	1,290	6,155	10.3	3.5	17.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	265	155	0.6	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,745	920	5,825	9.3	2.5	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,075	2,550	2,525	7.0	7.0	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,845	630	2,215	3.9	1.7	6.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	890	675	210	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,265	1,175	90	1.7	3.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,475	36,540	35,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,370	9,110	8,255	24.0	24.9	23.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,105	27,425	27,680	76.0	75.1	77.0
Location of study inside Canada	53,985	26,810	27,175	74.5	73.4	75.6
Same as province or territory of residence	53,130	26,245	26,885	73.3	71.8	74.8
Different than province or territory of residence	850	565	285	1.2	1.5	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,120	620	505	1.5	1.7	1.4
Americas	240	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	440	270	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	310	205	105	0.4	0.6	0.3
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	320	180	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	80	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	119,590	59,685	59,905	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,660	37,995	33,670	...	...	...
Employed	67,710	35,760	31,950	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,950	2,230	1,720	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	47,930	21,690	26,235	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.9	63.7	56.2	59.9	63.7	56.2
Employment rate	56.6	59.9	53.3	56.6	59.9	53.3
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.9	5.1	5.5	5.9	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	119,590	59,685	59,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,100	21,175	25,920	39.4	35.5	43.3
Worked	72,485	38,510	33,980	60.6	64.5	56.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,370	22,100	17,275	32.9	37.0	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,115	16,415	16,705	27.7	27.5	27.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,660	37,995	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	635	675	1.8	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,355	37,360	32,990	98.2	98.3	98.0
Employee	64,290	34,045	30,245	89.7	89.6	89.8
Permanent position	51,910	27,900	24,010	72.4	73.4	71.3
Temporary position	12,380	6,145	6,235	17.3	16.2	18.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,280	2,020	2,255	6.0	5.3	6.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,100	4,125	3,975	11.3	10.9	11.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,065	3,315	2,750	8.5	8.7	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,660	37,995	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	635	675	1.8	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,355	37,360	32,990	98.2	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	965	710	255	1.3	1.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,820	3,260	7,565	15.1	8.6	22.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,635	4,545	1,095	7.9	12.0	3.3
3 Health occupations	6,845	1,180	5,665	9.6	3.1	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,500	3,135	6,360	13.3	8.3	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,515	735	780	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	18,110	8,225	9,880	25.3	21.6	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,500	11,750	755	17.4	30.9	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	875	140	1.4	2.3	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,450	2,940	510	4.8	7.7	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,660	37,995	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	635	675	1.8	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	70,355	37,360	32,990	98.2	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810	640	170	1.1	1.7	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	665	60	1.0	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	840	690	155	1.2	1.8	0.5
23 Construction	5,065	4,340	725	7.1	11.4	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	7,435	6,025	1,415	10.4	15.9	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,700	1,345	360	2.4	3.5	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	9,195	4,235	4,955	12.8	11.1	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,395	1,965	430	3.3	5.2	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,040	610	430	1.5	1.6	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,495	485	1,010	2.1	1.3	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	730	425	310	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,330	2,600	1,725	6.0	6.8	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,935	1,885	1,045	4.1	5.0	3.1
61 Educational services	5,720	1,940	3,780	8.0	5.1	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	11,620	2,115	9,505	16.2	5.6	28.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870	450	420	1.2	1.2	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,975	1,830	2,140	5.5	4.8	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,780	1,915	1,870	5.3	5.0	5.6
91 Public administration	5,620	3,155	2,465	7.8	8.3	7.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,770	40,760	36,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	540	330	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
French	69,310	35,770	33,545	90.3	87.8	93.2
Non-official language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,790	4,600	2,190	8.8	11.3	6.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,770	40,760	36,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,020	40,240	35,780	99.0	98.7	99.4
Official languages	75,985	40,230	35,755	99.0	98.7	99.3
English	1,355	900	455	1.8	2.2	1.3
French	74,630	39,330	35,300	97.2	96.5	98.0
Non-official languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	750	525	230	1.0	1.3	0.6
English and French	730	515	215	1.0	1.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,770	40,760	36,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,600	36,610	33,990	92.0	89.8	94.4
English	5,260	3,535	1,725	6.9	8.7	4.8
French	825	570	260	1.1	1.4	0.7
Non-official language	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	67,710	35,760	31,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,130	4,385	4,745	13.5	12.3	14.9
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,460	4,810	1,655	9.5	13.5	5.2
Usual place of work	52,070	26,540	25,530	76.9	74.2	79.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,070	26,540	25,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,315	23,930	24,380	92.8	90.2	95.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,045	645	400	2.0	2.4	1.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,630	1,895	735	5.1	7.1	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	80	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,535	31,350	27,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	53,800	28,830	24,975	91.9	92.0	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	51,320	27,565	23,760	87.7	87.9	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,475	1,260	1,215	4.2	4.0	4.5
Public transit	1,175	600	575	2.0	1.9	2.1
Walked	2,220	1,015	1,205	3.8	3.2	4.4
Bicycle	235	180	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	1,100	725	370	1.9	2.3	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,535	31,350	27,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	28,760	13,995	14,765	49.1	44.6	54.3
15 to 29 minutes	22,340	12,365	9,970	38.2	39.4	36.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,965	3,100	1,865	8.5	9.9	6.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,280	905	370	2.2	2.9	1.4
60 minutes and over	1,190	980	205	2.0	3.1	0.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,535	31,350	27,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,390	2,745	645	5.8	8.8	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,570	7,715	2,860	18.1	24.6	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	22,415	10,835	11,585	38.3	34.6	42.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,185	4,050	6,135	17.4	12.9	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720	1,490	2,230	6.4	4.8	8.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,245	4,515	3,735	14.1	14.4	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,060	13,290	12,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	1,175	1,170	9.0	8.8	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,710	12,110	11,605	91.0	91.1	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,945	9,610	9,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,780	870	910	9.4	9.1	9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,275	605	670	6.7	6.3	7.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	505	270	240	2.7	2.8	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,170	8,735	8,430	90.6	90.9	90.3

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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