Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saguenay--Lac-Saint-JeanMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	275,552	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	276,368	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3	...	...	- 0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	138,331	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	126,404	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	95,542.70	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	275,550	138,290	137,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,430	21,730	20,700	15.4	15.7	15.1
0 to 4 years	12,695	6,540	6,150	4.6	4.7	4.5
5 to 9 years	14,635	7,525	7,110	5.3	5.4	5.2
10 to 14 years	15,105	7,665	7,440	5.5	5.5	5.4
15 to 64 years	164,635	84,010	80,625	59.7	60.7	58.7
15 to 19 years	13,390	6,765	6,625	4.9	4.9	4.8
20 to 24 years	12,835	6,755	6,080	4.7	4.9	4.4
25 to 29 years	14,150	7,320	6,830	5.1	5.3	5.0
30 to 34 years	14,835	7,605	7,230	5.4	5.5	5.3
35 to 39 years	16,425	8,515	7,910	6.0	6.2	5.8
40 to 44 years	17,295	9,010	8,285	6.3	6.5	6.0
45 to 49 years	14,395	7,405	6,995	5.2	5.4	5.1
50 to 54 years	14,625	7,360	7,265	5.3	5.3	5.3
55 to 59 years	21,415	10,675	10,740	7.8	7.7	7.8
60 to 64 years	25,270	12,600	12,670	9.2	9.1	9.2
65 years and over	68,485	32,550	35,935	24.9	23.5	26.2
65 to 69 years	22,270	11,355	10,910	8.1	8.2	7.9
70 to 74 years	17,825	8,915	8,905	6.5	6.4	6.5
75 to 79 years	12,645	6,020	6,620	4.6	4.4	4.8
80 to 84 years	8,110	3,510	4,600	2.9	2.5	3.4
85 years and over	7,640	2,750	4,890	2.8	2.0	3.6
85 to 89 years	4,760	1,870	2,895	1.7	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	2,305	700	1,600	0.8	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	525	175	355	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	50	5	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	15.7	15.1	15.4	15.7	15.1
15 to 64 years	59.7	60.7	58.7	59.7	60.7	58.7
65 years and over	24.9	23.5	26.2	24.9	23.5	26.2
85 years and over	2.8	2.0	3.6	2.8	2.0	3.6
Average age of the population	45.2	44.4	46.1	45.2	44.4	46.1
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	72,170	...	...	57.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	8,390	...	...	6.6	...	...
Row house	2,350	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	14,215	...	...	11.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,235	...	...	20.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,140	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	620	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,285	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	44,100	...	...	34.9	...	...
2 persons	49,450	...	...	39.1	...	...
3 persons	14,080	...	...	11.1	...	...
4 persons	12,575	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	6,190	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	268,765	135,765	133,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	233,125	116,560	116,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	140,420	70,040	70,380	60.2	60.1	60.4
Married	74,930	37,430	37,505	32.1	32.1	32.2
Living common-law	65,485	32,605	32,880	28.1	28.0	28.2
Living common law - Never married	52,055	25,930	26,125	22.3	22.2	22.4
Living common law - Separated	740	350	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	10,975	5,620	5,350	4.7	4.8	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	1,715	705	1,010	0.7	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	92,700	46,520	46,185	39.8	39.9	39.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	60,410	34,395	26,015	25.9	29.5	22.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,925	1,480	1,445	1.3	1.3	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,880	6,880	8,000	6.4	5.9	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	14,485	3,765	10,720	6.2	3.2	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	79,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	48,655	...	...	61.1	...	...
3 persons	13,375	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	12,150	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	5,420	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	79,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	69,240	...	...	87.0	...	...
Married couples	36,515	...	...	45.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,070	...	...	12.7	...	...
Without children	26,445	...	...	33.2	...	...
Common-law couples	32,730	...	...	41.1	...	...
With children⁶	16,690	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	16,040	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,360	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,125	...	...	9.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,235	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	268,765	135,765	133,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	214,670	107,315	107,355	79.9	79.0	80.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	138,480	69,075	69,405	51.5	50.9	52.2
Parents in one-parent families	10,360	3,230	7,125	3.9	2.4	5.4
Children⁶	65,835	35,010	30,820	24.5	25.8	23.2
In a two-parent family	50,010	26,310	23,700	18.6	19.4	17.8
In a one-parent family	15,825	8,695	7,125	5.9	6.4	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,095	28,450	25,650	20.1	21.0	19.3
Living alone	44,100	22,965	21,140	16.4	16.9	15.9
Living with other relatives⁷	4,260	2,020	2,240	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	5,735	3,460	2,270	2.1	2.5	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	76,450	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	66,985	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	25,900	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	41,090	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,460	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	785	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	215	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,620	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,230	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	44,100	...	...	34.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	226,445	114,120	112,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	222,490	112,430	110,060	98.3	98.5	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	33,200	40,400	48,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	222,535	112,450	110,085	98.3	98.5	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	30,200	36,000	41,600	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	197,040	103,340	93,700	87.0	90.6	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	25,200	32,800	40,400	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	154,730	84,905	69,825	68.3	74.4	62.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	28,800	34,800	40,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	187,965	90,465	97,505	83.0	79.3	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	11,700	12,400	12,200	11,700	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,555	20,255	15,300	15.7	17.7	13.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,960	5,200	5,560	5,960	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,095	29,240	26,860	24.8	25.6	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	226,500	114,155	112,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	222,360	112,370	109,985	98.2	98.4	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	55,200	39,760	47,560	55,200	39,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	222,415	112,405	110,015	98.2	98.5	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,760	45,200	34,200	39,760	45,200	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	196,920	103,270	93,650	86.9	90.5	83.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,400	33,000	41,600	49,400	33,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	154,810	85,195	69,615	68.3	74.6	62.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	48,040	36,160	42,720	48,040	36,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	187,745	90,075	97,675	82.9	78.9	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	12,240	13,140	12,700	12,240	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,490	20,180	15,315	15.7	17.7	13.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	7,050	7,000	7,030	7,050	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,775	29,085	26,690	24.6	25.5	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,800	7,570	7,170	6,800	7,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	226,500	114,155	112,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,530	40,165	31,365	31.6	35.2	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	62,800	47,200	55,600	62,800	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,650	70,600	54,700	63,650	70,600	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	62,140	31,520	30,620	27.4	27.6	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,600	16,600	20,400	25,600	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,840	34,400	23,080	28,840	34,400	23,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.2	70.6	77.4	82.2	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.5	66.0	57.6	62.5	66.0	57.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	17.8	29.4	22.6	17.8	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.8	4.6	3.8	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.2	4.6	3.8	3.2	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	226,445	114,115	112,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,955	1,685	2,265	1.7	1.5	2.0
With total income	222,495	112,430	110,060	98.3	98.5	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,565	5,020	9,550	6.5	4.5	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	28,965	10,265	18,700	13.0	9.1	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	36,700	15,460	21,245	16.5	13.8	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	29,625	13,250	16,370	13.3	11.8	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	29,420	15,170	14,250	13.2	13.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	24,535	14,170	10,365	11.0	12.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	17,035	10,875	6,155	7.7	9.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	11,530	7,585	3,945	5.2	6.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	8,815	5,265	3,550	4.0	4.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	5,615	3,540	2,075	2.5	3.1	1.9
$100,000 and over	15,690	11,830	3,855	7.1	10.5	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	12,190	9,265	2,925	5.5	8.2	2.7
$150,000 and over	3,500	2,570	930	1.6	2.3	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	226,445	114,115	112,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,910	1,670	2,245	1.7	1.5	2.0
With after-tax income	222,535	112,450	110,085	98.3	98.5	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,010	5,305	10,705	7.2	4.7	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	30,195	10,905	19,290	13.6	9.7	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	43,060	18,270	24,785	19.3	16.2	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	37,675	18,425	19,250	16.9	16.4	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	34,815	19,900	14,910	15.6	17.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	23,360	14,905	8,455	10.5	13.3	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	14,370	8,715	5,655	6.5	7.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	8,795	5,495	3,300	4.0	4.9	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,685	4,105	1,580	2.6	3.7	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,335	2,575	760	1.5	2.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	5,225	3,835	1,395	2.3	3.4	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,110	2,340	765	1.4	2.1	0.7
$125,000 and over	2,120	1,495	630	1.0	1.3	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	226,445	114,115	112,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	71,715	29,210	42,500	31.7	25.6	37.8
With employment income	154,735	84,910	69,830	68.3	74.4	62.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	21,605	12,695	8,910	14.0	15.0	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	11,670	4,975	6,700	7.5	5.9	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	19,275	8,165	11,115	12.5	9.6	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	16,985	7,615	9,365	11.0	9.0	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	16,770	8,255	8,510	10.8	9.7	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	16,010	8,365	7,645	10.3	9.9	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	12,510	7,570	4,940	8.1	8.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	10,005	6,595	3,405	6.5	7.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	7,320	4,870	2,450	4.7	5.7	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	6,725	3,770	2,960	4.3	4.4	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,875	2,655	1,225	2.5	3.1	1.8
$100,000 and over	11,985	9,380	2,605	7.7	11.0	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	6,760	5,335	1,430	4.4	6.3	2.0
$125,000 and over	5,225	4,045	1,180	3.4	4.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	226,445	114,120	112,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	219,795	111,105	108,685	97.1	97.4	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	30,000	38,400	46,800	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220,100	111,115	108,985	97.2	97.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	27,400	34,000	40,400	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	194,675	102,365	92,315	86.0	89.7	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	26,200	34,000	42,000	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	156,485	85,505	70,980	69.1	74.9	63.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	28,600	34,800	42,000	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	173,685	82,825	90,860	76.7	72.6	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,900	10,000	9,400	8,900	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35,420	20,545	14,875	15.6	18.0	13.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,200	4,680	5,040	5,200	4,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	226,500	114,155	112,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	219,680	110,980	108,700	97.0	97.2	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,050	37,000	45,600	54,050	37,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	220,015	110,985	109,030	97.1	97.2	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,920	44,040	31,680	37,920	44,040	31,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	194,490	102,220	92,270	85.9	89.5	82.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280	50,720	32,960	42,280	50,720	32,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	156,380	85,655	70,720	69.0	75.0	62.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	48,880	35,360	42,760	48,880	35,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	173,590	82,580	91,010	76.6	72.3	81.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,330	9,860	10,750	10,330	9,860	10,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,145	20,325	14,825	15.5	17.8	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660	6,340	7,110	6,660	6,340	7,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	226,500	114,155	112,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,320	40,065	31,260	31.5	35.1	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	60,800	44,000	52,800	60,800	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,850	68,500	51,000	60,850	68,500	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	59,120	30,135	28,980	26.1	26.4	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	30,400	19,600	23,800	30,400	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600	39,200	25,760	32,600	39,200	25,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	86.4	75.6	82.2	86.4	75.6
Employment income (%)	66.8	69.8	62.2	66.8	69.8	62.2
Government transfers (%)	17.9	13.6	24.4	17.9	13.6	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.6	2.3	2.2	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	126,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	44,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	82,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	126,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...	83,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	44,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...	43,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,680	...	...	36,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	82,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	126,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	665	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	700	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,915	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,945	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,650	...	...	6.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,665	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,895	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,645	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,185	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,895	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,900	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10,145	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,770	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,155	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,005	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	38,270	...	...	30.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,865	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,185	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,665	...	...	7.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,555	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	126,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	730	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,975	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,095	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,145	...	...	7.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,875	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,230	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,110	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,590	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,555	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,740	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,440	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,915	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,820	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,260	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,120	...	...	20.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,300	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,055	...	...	5.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,770	...	...	5.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	80,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	41,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	49,835	26,430	23,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	40,800	30,200	35,600	40,800	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	36,000	28,200	31,800	36,000	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	80,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	41,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...	144,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,900	...	...	117,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...	64,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	49,870	26,190	23,675	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,080	46,880	36,760	42,080	46,880	36,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	39,080	32,360	35,880	39,080	32,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	268,770	135,760	133,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,340	25,770	24,570	18.7	19.0	18.5
0 to 5 years	15,565	8,015	7,545	5.8	5.9	5.7
18 to 64 years	155,470	79,085	76,385	57.8	58.3	57.4
65 years and over	62,960	30,910	32,055	23.4	22.8	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	31,890	14,460	17,430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,820	1,975	1,855	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,240	635	600	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	14,115	6,935	7,180	...	...	...
65 years and over	13,955	5,555	8,400	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	10.7	13.1	11.9	10.7	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.7	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	8.0	7.9	7.9	8.0	7.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.4	9.1	8.8	9.4
65 years and over (%)	22.2	18.0	26.2	22.2	18.0	26.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	266,775	134,760	132,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	49,920	25,555	24,370	18.7	19.0	18.5
0 to 5 years	15,440	7,955	7,490	5.8	5.9	5.7
18 to 64 years	154,255	78,480	75,775	57.8	58.2	57.4
65 years and over	62,590	30,730	31,865	23.5	22.8	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,105	4,230	3,880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	815	425	385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	125	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,420	3,470	2,945	...	...	...
65 years and over	875	325	545	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.4	3.9	4.2	4.4	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	268,765	135,760	133,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	155,155	76,455	78,700	57.7	56.3	59.2
In bottom decile	25,650	11,640	14,010	9.5	8.6	10.5
In second decile	30,670	14,705	15,960	11.4	10.8	12.0
In third decile	31,380	15,590	15,790	11.7	11.5	11.9
In fourth decile	34,880	17,740	17,140	13.0	13.1	12.9
In fifth decile	32,575	16,775	15,805	12.1	12.4	11.9
In top half of the distribution	113,615	59,310	54,305	42.3	43.7	40.8
In sixth decile	30,625	15,995	14,635	11.4	11.8	11.0
In seventh decile	28,515	14,705	13,815	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	24,375	12,670	11,710	9.1	9.3	8.8
In ninth decile	18,620	9,880	8,745	6.9	7.3	6.6
In top decile	11,475	6,070	5,405	4.3	4.5	4.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	268,765	...	...	268,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	272,915	136,995	135,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	420	210	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	215,780	103,545	112,240	79.1	75.6	82.6
English and French	56,525	33,120	23,400	20.7	24.2	17.2
Neither English nor French	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	272,915	136,995	135,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,900	1,000	905	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	270,345	135,630	134,720	99.1	99.0	99.1
English and French	505	270	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	160	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	272,915	136,995	135,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	271,425	136,210	135,210	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	269,085	134,975	134,110	98.6	98.5	98.7
English	1,740	915	820	0.6	0.7	0.6
French	267,345	134,060	133,285	98.0	97.9	98.1
Non-official languages	2,335	1,230	1,105	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	190	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	390	190	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	390	185	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	230	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	140	65	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,940	1,040	895	0.7	0.8	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	260	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	370	240	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	365	240	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,035	525	505	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	755	390	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	110	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	555	295	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,495	785	710	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	1,015	525	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	380	210	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	272,915	136,995	135,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	810	435	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	265,060	132,545	132,515	97.1	96.8	97.5
Non-official language	555	310	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	435	255	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	4,525	2,665	1,860	1.7	1.9	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,355	710	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	490	270	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	272,915	136,995	135,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	271,745	136,365	135,380	99.6	99.5	99.6
Official languages	270,740	135,805	134,930	99.2	99.1	99.3
English	1,270	690	580	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	269,465	135,115	134,350	98.7	98.6	98.8
Non-official languages	1,010	560	450	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	470	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	80	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	80	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	495	285	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	225	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	300	185	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,170	630	540	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	740	410	325	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	355	185	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	272,910	136,995	135,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	267,480	133,855	133,630	98.0	97.7	98.3
English	3,505	2,100	1,405	1.3	1.5	1.0
French	720	390	325	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	770	410	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	660	345	310	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	275	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	268,770	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	268,605	135,650	132,960	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	56,605	33,285	23,320	21.1	24.5	17.5
French	268,165	135,405	132,755	99.8	99.8	99.8
Non-official languages	7,585	3,665	3,920	2.8	2.7	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	665	315	350	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	605	280	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	605	275	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	340	165	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	270	110	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,945	3,365	3,580	2.6	2.5	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	620	385	235	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	595	370	225	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	585	365	220	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	125	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	125	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	85	65	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,245	2,430	2,815	2.0	1.8	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	105	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	400	210	190	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	355	185	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	340	180	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,635	2,115	2,520	1.7	1.6	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	270	150	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	235	135	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	4,280	1,935	2,345	1.6	1.4	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	70	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	410	220	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	268,765	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,615	6,920	6,695	5.1	5.1	5.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,855	6,565	6,285	4.8	4.8	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,885	3,370	3,515	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis	5,790	3,100	2,690	2.2	2.3	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	185	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	560	255	310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	255,150	128,815	126,335	94.9	94.9	95.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	268,765	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,805	2,855	2,950	2.2	2.1	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	262,965	132,880	130,085	97.8	97.9	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	85,685	...	...	67.8	...	...
Renter	40,645	...	...	32.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,330	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not condominium	116,075	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	300	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	14,020	...	...	11.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	36,970	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	42,450	...	...	33.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	32,660	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	35,300	...	...	27.9	...	...
5 rooms	21,345	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	15,980	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	15,590	...	...	12.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	38,190	...	...	30.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	126,180	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	125,205	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,200	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	31,770	...	...	25.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	42,765	...	...	33.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	17,740	...	...	14.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	13,185	...	...	10.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,300	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,345	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,660	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,640	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	120,110	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,295	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	73,660	...	...	58.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	51,215	...	...	40.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,530	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,005	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,495	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,885	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,210	...	...	13.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	28,010	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	25,000	...	...	19.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	13,170	...	...	10.4	...	...
85 years and over	3,625	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	124,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	111,395	...	...	89.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,310	...	...	10.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,360	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	126,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,815	...	...	15.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,430	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,045	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,370	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	820	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	106,590	...	...	84.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	123,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,385	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not in core need	120,370	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	84,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.3	...	...	62.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	975	...	...	975	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	218,400	...	...	218,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,440	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	646	...	...	646	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	372	...	...	372	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	268,765	135,730	133,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,640	6,400	6,240	4.7	4.7	4.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	12,430	6,280	6,145	4.6	4.6	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,605	4,870	4,735	3.6	3.6	3.6
Métis single ancestry	2,690	1,365	1,325	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	135	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	215	120	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	185	110	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,470	4,175	4,300	3.2	3.1	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,325	4,120	4,210	3.1	3.0	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,030	3,450	3,580	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,280	665	615	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	55	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	40	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	247,650	125,160	122,495	92.1	92.2	92.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	268,765	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	265,620	133,910	131,715	98.8	98.7	99.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	49,970	25,610	24,365	18.6	18.9	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	215,650	108,305	107,345	80.2	79.8	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,145	1,825	1,325	1.2	1.3	1.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	268,765	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	263,625	132,905	130,725	98.1	97.9	98.3
Immigrants⁸¹	2,975	1,495	1,480	1.1	1.1	1.1
Before 1980	415	205	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	370	180	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	885	490	390	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,120	535	585	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2015	560	250	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	560	280	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,170	1,335	830	0.8	1.0	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,975	1,495	1,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	445	215	235	15.0	14.4	15.9
5 to 14 years	455	210	250	15.3	14.0	16.9
15 to 24 years	455	235	225	15.3	15.7	15.2
25 to 44 years	1,450	760	690	48.7	50.8	46.6
45 years and over	160	80	85	5.4	5.4	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,975	1,495	1,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	600	255	345	20.2	17.1	23.3
Brazil	40	15	30	1.3	1.0	2.0
Colombia	95	35	65	3.2	2.3	4.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	120	40	75	4.0	2.7	5.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	30	45	2.5	2.0	3.0
Peru	40	15	25	1.3	1.0	1.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	35	30	2.2	2.3	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	150	75	70	5.0	5.0	4.7
Europe	1,265	725	535	42.5	48.5	36.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	730	445	285	24.5	29.8	19.3
Germany	60	30	35	2.0	2.0	2.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	40	15	2.0	2.7	1.0
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Poland	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.4
Portugal	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romania	20	20	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	30	25	1.7	2.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	20	0.8	0.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	205	105	95	6.9	7.0	6.4
Africa	745	385	360	25.0	25.8	24.3
Algeria	85	55	25	2.9	3.7	1.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	10	1.2	1.7	0.7
Egypt	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	50	10	2.2	3.3	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	545	245	305	18.3	16.4	20.6
Asia	365	125	235	12.3	8.4	15.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	25	75	3.4	1.7	5.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	10	40	1.7	0.7	2.7
Viet Nam	40	25	15	1.3	1.7	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	30	55	2.7	2.0	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	555	285	275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	30	50	15.3	10.5	18.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	2.7	0.0	5.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.6
United States of America	10	10	0	1.8	3.5	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	1.8	3.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	4.5	5.3	5.5
Europe	215	140	75	38.7	49.1	27.3
France	190	125	70	34.2	43.9	25.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	180	80	95	32.4	28.1	34.5
Algeria	15	0	10	2.7	0.0	3.6
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	55	20	40	9.9	7.0	14.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	2.7	5.3	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	15	0	3.6	5.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35	9.9	8.8	12.7
Asia	85	30	55	15.3	10.5	20.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	2.7	0.0	5.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	268,770	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,890	3,150	2,740	2.2	2.3	2.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,705	1,915	1,800	1.4	1.4	1.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	259,170	130,670	128,500	96.4	96.3	96.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,560	1,290	1,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,350	785	565	52.7	60.9	44.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	760	525	240	29.7	40.7	18.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	590	265	325	23.0	20.5	25.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,025	405	620	40.0	31.4	48.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170	85	85	6.6	6.6	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,560	1,290	1,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	40	15	2.3	3.1	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	325	190	130	12.7	14.7	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	35	85	4.7	2.7	6.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	210	95	12.3	16.3	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	10	1.0	1.2	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,720	790	935	67.2	61.2	73.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	268,765	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,115	1,995	2,120	1.5	1.5	1.6
South Asian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	395	85	305	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	1,770	905	865	0.7	0.7	0.7
Filipino	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab	490	320	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	620	300	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	264,655	133,740	130,915	98.5	98.5	98.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	268,770	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	112,425	56,380	56,045	41.8	41.5	42.1
English	1,575	845	730	0.6	0.6	0.5
Irish	5,505	2,605	2,905	2.0	1.9	2.2
Scottish	3,320	1,575	1,750	1.2	1.2	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	52,115	27,060	25,055	19.4	19.9	18.8
German	1,345	615	730	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese	405	120	280	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,420	795	630	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indian (India)	370	175	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	185	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	42,850	21,490	21,355	15.9	15.8	16.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	270	170	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	30,770	15,335	15,430	11.4	11.3	11.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	7,460	3,900	3,565	2.8	2.9	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,120	3,480	3,640	2.6	2.6	2.7
Métis	4,290	2,185	2,105	1.6	1.6	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,955	1,605	1,350	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	350	190	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	375	195	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	720	350	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	410	215	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swedish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	2,640	1,295	1,345	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	440	200	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	70	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	130	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	15	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	350	160	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	80	65	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	280	170	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,220	2,070	2,150	1.6	1.5	1.6
Danish	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,575	1,415	1,165	1.0	1.0	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	570	340	230	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	310	120	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	265	150	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	400	210	190	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	865	420	445	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	205	70	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	175	125	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	125	75	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	210	80	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	115	80	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	980	505	480	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	135	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	145	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	3,990	1,990	1,995	1.5	1.5	1.5
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	320	145	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	440	235	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	265	130	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	415	155	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	335	145	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	70	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	100	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	130	75	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	268,765	135,735	133,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	215,300	106,330	108,965	80.1	78.3	81.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15,420	7,835	7,585	5.7	5.8	5.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	430	190	235	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catholic	197,370	97,315	100,060	73.4	71.7	75.2
Christian Orthodox	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	495	195	305	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	275	165	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	915	435	480	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	805	475	330	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	120	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	645	325	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	51,710	28,440	23,275	19.2	21.0	17.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	266,170	134,370	131,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	240,090	121,440	118,655	90.2	90.4	90.0
Movers	26,080	12,930	13,145	9.8	9.6	10.0
Non-migrants	17,550	8,645	8,905	6.6	6.4	6.8
Migrants	8,535	4,290	4,240	3.2	3.2	3.2
Internal migrants	7,890	3,915	3,980	3.0	2.9	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,385	3,635	3,750	2.8	2.7	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	510	280	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	635	375	260	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	256,055	129,215	126,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	175,140	89,050	86,090	68.4	68.9	67.9
Movers	80,920	40,170	40,750	31.6	31.1	32.1
Non-migrants	44,835	21,810	23,020	17.5	16.9	18.1
Migrants	36,085	18,355	17,730	14.1	14.2	14.0
Internal migrants	33,780	17,025	16,755	13.2	13.2	13.2
Intraprovincial migrants	32,370	16,245	16,130	12.6	12.6	12.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,410	780	625	0.6	0.6	0.5
External migrants	2,305	1,335	970	0.9	1.0	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	226,500	114,155	112,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50,620	27,415	23,205	22.3	24.0	20.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	175,880	86,745	89,135	77.7	76.0	79.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,515	69,640	67,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,495	13,275	9,220	16.4	19.1	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	115,020	56,365	58,655	83.6	80.9	86.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	226,505	114,155	112,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,940	21,700	21,245	19.0	19.0	18.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,920	21,490	23,440	19.8	18.8	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	138,635	70,970	67,665	61.2	62.2	60.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105,320	56,375	48,940	46.5	49.4	43.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55,660	34,570	21,090	24.6	30.3	18.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	41,570	23,355	18,215	18.4	20.5	16.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,090	11,220	2,875	6.2	9.8	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	42,155	18,955	23,200	18.6	16.6	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,510	2,855	4,655	3.3	2.5	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,320	14,595	18,725	14.7	12.8	16.7
Bachelor's degree	23,410	9,880	13,530	10.3	8.7	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,690	1,250	1,440	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,075	465	610	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	5,280	2,460	2,815	2.3	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	540	330	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,515	69,640	67,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,975	9,230	7,750	12.3	13.3	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,865	9,890	9,980	14.4	14.2	14.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100,675	50,525	50,150	73.2	72.6	73.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75,430	40,400	35,035	54.9	58.0	51.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	41,845	25,525	16,320	30.4	36.7	24.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	31,485	17,160	14,325	22.9	24.6	21.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,360	8,360	1,995	7.5	12.0	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,125	13,230	15,900	21.2	19.0	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,455	1,645	2,815	3.2	2.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,245	10,125	15,120	18.4	14.5	22.3
Bachelor's degree	17,440	6,825	10,615	12.7	9.8	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,965	770	1,195	1.4	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	890	320	575	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	4,265	1,830	2,435	3.1	2.6	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	685	385	300	0.5	0.6	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	226,505	114,160	112,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	87,865	43,185	44,680	38.8	37.8	39.8
Education	11,465	2,910	8,560	5.1	2.5	7.6
13. Education	11,465	2,910	8,560	5.1	2.5	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,450	1,080	1,375	1.1	0.9	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	250	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,060	825	1,235	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	5,240	2,325	2,915	2.3	2.0	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465	115	350	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,955	1,325	1,630	1.3	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	465	280	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	370	230	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	665	235	435	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,130	1,990	6,145	3.6	1.7	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	900	320	585	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,165	115	3,050	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	985	375	610	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	255	45	210	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	1,445	360	1,080	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,280	720	560	0.6	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	28,865	8,400	20,465	12.7	7.4	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,465	405	2,060	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,380	7,995	18,380	11.6	7.0	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,175	1,750	1,425	1.4	1.5	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	805	325	485	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	220	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	750	360	395	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	905	630	275	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	370	215	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,390	2,405	985	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,715	2,155	560	1.2	1.9	0.5
25. Library science	410	70	340	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	130	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	37,930	35,115	2,815	16.7	30.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	850	480	365	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	3,405	2,900	510	1.5	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,305	7,275	1,025	3.7	6.4	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	8,705	8,440	265	3.8	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,675	9,305	370	4.3	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	6,995	6,710	280	3.1	5.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,960	4,400	1,560	2.6	3.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,150	1,210	940	0.9	1.1	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,810	3,190	620	1.7	2.8	0.6
Health and related fields	18,540	3,065	15,480	8.2	2.7	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	925	550	375	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	17,165	2,305	14,860	7.6	2.0	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	445	210	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,460	7,525	5,935	5.9	6.6	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	6,840	1,660	5,185	3.0	1.5	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	90	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,050	1,615	440	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,450	4,140	305	2.0	3.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	137,515	69,640	67,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,840	19,120	17,720	26.8	27.5	26.1
Education	6,965	1,415	5,545	5.1	2.0	8.2
13. Education	6,965	1,415	5,545	5.1	2.0	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,740	740	1,000	1.3	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	165	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,490	575	920	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	2,880	1,255	1,625	2.1	1.8	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	70	270	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,535	735	795	1.1	1.1	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	105	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	425	135	290	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,220	1,365	4,860	4.5	2.0	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	230	390	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,575	85	2,495	1.9	0.1	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	735	245	490	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	30	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	1,150	270	880	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	915	470	440	0.7	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	21,245	5,730	15,510	15.4	8.2	22.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,925	295	1,630	1.4	0.4	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,305	5,440	13,865	14.0	7.8	20.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,870	1,065	805	1.4	1.5	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	605	235	365	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	125	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	715	480	235	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,635	1,905	730	1.9	2.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,245	1,790	450	1.6	2.6	0.7
25. Library science	240	20	215	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	28,220	25,745	2,470	20.5	37.0	3.6
04. Architecture and related services	695	375	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	2,730	2,295	435	2.0	3.3	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,210	5,310	895	4.5	7.6	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	6,260	6,015	245	4.6	8.6	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,165	6,850	320	5.2	9.8	0.5
48. Precision production	5,165	4,910	260	3.8	7.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,680	3,365	1,315	3.4	4.8	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,650	880	775	1.2	1.3	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,025	2,485	540	2.2	3.6	0.8
Health and related fields	13,515	2,090	11,425	9.8	3.0	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	645	385	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,470	1,535	10,930	9.1	2.2	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	170	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,685	5,840	4,850	7.8	8.4	7.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,385	1,140	4,245	3.9	1.6	6.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,670	1,310	365	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,545	3,300	240	2.6	4.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	137,515	69,640	67,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,840	19,120	17,720	26.8	27.5	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	100,675	50,525	50,150	73.2	72.6	73.9
Location of study inside Canada	99,040	49,605	49,430	72.0	71.2	72.8
Same as province or territory of residence	97,870	48,910	48,960	71.2	70.2	72.1
Different than province or territory of residence	1,175	695	470	0.9	1.0	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,635	915	720	1.2	1.3	1.1
Americas	345	165	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
United States of America	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	760	465	295	0.6	0.7	0.4
Belgium	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	555	365	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Germany	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	390	215	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	195	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	226,505	114,155	112,345	...	...	...
In the labour force	134,450	71,795	62,655	...	...	...
Employed	126,520	67,215	59,305	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,930	4,580	3,350	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	92,055	42,365	49,690	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.4	62.9	55.8	59.4	62.9	55.8
Employment rate	55.9	58.9	52.8	55.9	58.9	52.8
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.4	5.3	5.9	6.4	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	226,505	114,160	112,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	89,370	40,530	48,840	39.5	35.5	43.5
Worked	137,130	73,630	63,500	60.5	64.5	56.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	72,915	40,950	31,965	32.2	35.9	28.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	64,215	32,675	31,545	28.4	28.6	28.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.4	41.7	42.1	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	134,450	71,795	62,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335	1,125	1,210	1.7	1.6	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	132,120	70,670	61,450	98.3	98.4	98.1
Employee	119,810	63,535	56,280	89.1	88.5	89.8
Permanent position	96,365	51,700	44,665	71.7	72.0	71.3
Temporary position	23,445	11,830	11,610	17.4	16.5	18.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,150	3,185	3,965	5.3	4.4	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	16,295	8,650	7,650	12.1	12.0	12.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,305	7,135	5,175	9.2	9.9	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	134,450	71,795	62,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335	1,125	1,210	1.7	1.6	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	132,120	70,670	61,450	98.3	98.4	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,795	1,295	510	1.3	1.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	18,800	5,325	13,480	14.0	7.4	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,795	6,995	1,800	6.5	9.7	2.9
3 Health occupations	12,130	1,885	10,245	9.0	2.6	16.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	16,650	4,865	11,785	12.4	6.8	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,420	1,120	1,300	1.8	1.6	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	33,670	14,500	19,170	25.0	20.2	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,280	24,710	1,570	19.5	34.4	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,415	3,795	620	3.3	5.3	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,155	6,175	975	5.3	8.6	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	134,450	71,795	62,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335	1,125	1,210	1.7	1.6	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	132,120	70,670	61,450	98.3	98.4	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,135	4,070	1,065	3.8	5.7	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,540	1,425	120	1.1	2.0	0.2
22 Utilities	1,425	1,225	205	1.1	1.7	0.3
23 Construction	10,360	8,980	1,380	7.7	12.5	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	14,935	12,185	2,755	11.1	17.0	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	3,005	2,325	675	2.2	3.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	17,700	7,845	9,855	13.2	10.9	15.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,115	4,065	1,045	3.8	5.7	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,365	770	595	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,715	820	1,900	2.0	1.1	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,245	720	530	0.9	1.0	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,585	3,810	2,780	4.9	5.3	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,830	3,120	1,710	3.6	4.3	2.7
61 Educational services	10,110	3,100	7,015	7.5	4.3	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	20,935	3,605	17,325	15.6	5.0	27.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,660	875	790	1.2	1.2	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	7,340	3,150	4,190	5.5	4.4	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,320	3,790	3,525	5.4	5.3	5.6
91 Public administration	8,695	4,745	3,950	6.5	6.6	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	145,370	77,810	67,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	860	525	330	0.6	0.7	0.5
French	134,335	70,435	63,900	92.4	90.5	94.6
Non-official language	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,795	6,655	3,140	6.7	8.6	4.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	245	100	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	70	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	145,370	77,810	67,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	144,230	77,000	67,230	99.2	99.0	99.5
Official languages	144,135	76,955	67,175	99.2	98.9	99.4
English	1,945	1,280	660	1.3	1.6	1.0
French	142,190	75,675	66,515	97.8	97.3	98.5
Non-official languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,135	810	325	0.8	1.0	0.5
English and French	1,090	790	300	0.7	1.0	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	145,370	77,810	67,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	136,350	71,780	64,575	93.8	92.3	95.6
English	7,655	5,145	2,510	5.3	6.6	3.7
French	1,125	765	355	0.8	1.0	0.5
Non-official language	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	126,525	67,215	59,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,195	7,235	7,970	12.0	10.8	13.4
Worked outside Canada	80	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	14,210	10,985	3,225	11.2	16.3	5.4
Usual place of work	97,030	48,935	48,095	76.7	72.8	81.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	97,035	48,935	48,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70,715	34,380	36,340	72.9	70.3	75.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,310	8,255	8,050	16.8	16.9	16.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,830	6,160	3,670	10.1	12.6	7.6
Commute to a different province or territory	175	140	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	111,240	59,925	51,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	102,420	55,300	47,130	92.1	92.3	91.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	97,865	53,005	44,870	88.0	88.5	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,560	2,300	2,260	4.1	3.8	4.4
Public transit	1,325	695	630	1.2	1.2	1.2
Walked	4,915	2,250	2,665	4.4	3.8	5.2
Bicycle	475	365	110	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	2,100	1,320	785	1.9	2.2	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	111,240	59,925	51,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	54,000	26,380	27,615	48.5	44.0	53.8
15 to 29 minutes	36,840	19,930	16,910	33.1	33.3	33.0
30 to 44 minutes	12,110	7,325	4,785	10.9	12.2	9.3
45 to 59 minutes	4,080	2,775	1,305	3.7	4.6	2.5
60 minutes and over	4,215	3,505	710	3.8	5.8	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	111,240	59,925	51,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,490	6,075	1,415	6.7	10.1	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20,685	15,050	5,635	18.6	25.1	11.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	41,095	19,665	21,430	36.9	32.8	41.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,400	7,550	11,850	17.4	12.6	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,715	2,430	4,285	6.0	4.1	8.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,855	9,145	6,710	14.3	15.3	13.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,290	26,230	25,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,700	1,870	1,830	7.2	7.1	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,590	24,360	23,230	92.8	92.9	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	37,590	19,205	18,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,735	1,360	1,380	7.3	7.1	7.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,850	895	955	4.9	4.7	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885	465	420	2.4	2.4	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	34,855	17,845	17,015	92.7	92.9	92.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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