Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rosemont--La Petite-PatrieMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	112,909	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	110,677	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	64,507	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	60,429	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10,546.4	...	...	10,546.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.71	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,910	54,905	58,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,165	7,795	7,370	13.4	14.2	12.7
0 to 4 years	5,265	2,745	2,520	4.7	5.0	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,220	2,660	2,565	4.6	4.8	4.4
10 to 14 years	4,675	2,390	2,285	4.1	4.4	3.9
15 to 64 years	81,735	40,610	41,120	72.4	74.0	70.9
15 to 19 years	3,870	1,925	1,940	3.4	3.5	3.3
20 to 24 years	6,440	3,100	3,335	5.7	5.6	5.7
25 to 29 years	12,230	5,820	6,405	10.8	10.6	11.0
30 to 34 years	12,570	6,185	6,390	11.1	11.3	11.0
35 to 39 years	11,165	5,525	5,635	9.9	10.1	9.7
40 to 44 years	9,940	4,955	4,985	8.8	9.0	8.6
45 to 49 years	7,225	3,765	3,460	6.4	6.9	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,035	3,135	2,895	5.3	5.7	5.0
55 to 59 years	6,235	3,265	2,970	5.5	5.9	5.1
60 to 64 years	6,025	2,925	3,105	5.3	5.3	5.4
65 years and over	16,015	6,500	9,515	14.2	11.8	16.4
65 to 69 years	5,100	2,350	2,750	4.5	4.3	4.7
70 to 74 years	4,055	1,760	2,295	3.6	3.2	4.0
75 to 79 years	2,765	1,125	1,640	2.4	2.0	2.8
80 to 84 years	1,820	645	1,180	1.6	1.2	2.0
85 years and over	2,270	620	1,650	2.0	1.1	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,375	410	970	1.2	0.7	1.7
90 to 94 years	650	165	480	0.6	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	220	40	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4	14.2	12.7	13.4	14.2	12.7
15 to 64 years	72.4	74.0	70.9	72.4	74.0	70.9
65 years and over	14.2	11.8	16.4	14.2	11.8	16.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.1	2.8	2.0	1.1	2.8
Average age of the population	39.9	38.9	40.9	39.9	38.9	40.9
Median age of the population	37.6	37.2	38.0	37.6	37.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
Row house	1,250	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,240	...	...	13.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	45,805	...	...	75.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,105	...	...	6.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	580	...	...	1.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	30,540	...	...	50.5	...	...
2 persons	17,610	...	...	29.1	...	...
3 persons	6,285	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	4,590	...	...	7.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,405	...	...	2.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,430	54,070	56,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,745	47,110	50,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,630	22,020	21,610	44.6	46.7	42.7
Married	17,620	8,885	8,730	18.0	18.9	17.2
Living common-law	26,010	13,135	12,880	26.6	27.9	25.4
Living common law - Never married	23,430	11,775	11,655	24.0	25.0	23.0
Living common law - Separated	220	130	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,230	1,175	1,050	2.3	2.5	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	54,115	25,090	29,020	55.4	53.3	57.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	41,685	21,045	20,640	42.6	44.7	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,785	795	995	1.8	1.7	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,150	2,555	4,595	7.3	5.4	9.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,485	695	2,795	3.6	1.5	5.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,410	...	...	58.8	...	...
3 persons	5,360	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	4,250	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180	...	...	4.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,310	...	...	81.3	...	...
Married couples	8,310	...	...	31.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,480	...	...	17.1	...	...
Without children	3,835	...	...	14.6	...	...
Common-law couples	13,000	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	4,750	...	...	18.1	...	...
Without children	8,250	...	...	31.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,890	...	...	18.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,765	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,125	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	70,095	34,440	35,660	63.5	63.7	63.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	42,620	21,485	21,140	38.6	39.7	37.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,895	1,130	3,765	4.4	2.1	6.7
Children⁶	22,585	11,825	10,760	20.5	21.9	19.1
In a two-parent family	15,755	8,175	7,580	14.3	15.1	13.4
In a one-parent family	6,825	3,645	3,180	6.2	6.7	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	40,335	19,630	20,705	36.5	36.3	36.7
Living alone	30,540	14,310	16,230	27.7	26.5	28.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,925	910	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,865	4,410	3,460	7.1	8.2	6.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,095	...	...	41.5	...	...
Couple-family households	20,625	...	...	34.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,005	...	...	14.9	...	...
Without children	11,620	...	...	19.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,465	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	235	...	...	0.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	675	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,825	...	...	6.3	...	...
One-person households	30,540	...	...	50.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,295	46,285	49,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,880	45,090	47,795	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	42,800	40,400	41,600	42,800	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,915	45,100	47,815	97.5	97.4	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	37,600	36,000	36,800	37,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,270	41,095	43,180	88.4	88.8	88.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	34,000	36,800	40,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,335	36,620	36,715	77.0	79.1	74.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	41,200	36,800	38,800	41,200	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,695	34,630	41,060	79.4	74.8	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,700	10,000	9,500	8,700	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,780	5,225	5,555	11.3	11.3	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,330	15,565	14,765	31.8	33.6	30.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,295	46,275	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,970	45,050	47,920	97.6	97.4	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	57,050	48,800	52,800	57,050	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,005	45,075	47,930	97.6	97.4	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	45,280	40,720	42,960	45,280	40,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,130	40,910	43,230	88.3	88.4	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,520	54,300	43,080	48,520	54,300	43,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,335	36,560	36,775	77.0	79.0	75.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	54,250	44,240	49,240	54,250	44,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,430	34,260	41,170	79.2	74.0	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,940	10,190	11,570	10,940	10,190	11,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,600	5,025	5,575	11.1	10.9	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,220	8,270	7,300	6,220	8,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,200	15,435	14,755	31.7	33.4	30.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,950	9,040	8,860	8,950	9,040	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,300	46,275	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,735	17,950	16,785	36.4	38.8	34.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	68,000	59,200	64,000	68,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	81,200	66,600	74,100	81,200	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,515	15,540	16,975	34.1	33.6	34.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	19,800	19,000	19,400	19,800	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,120	30,600	27,760	29,120	30,600	27,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	86.4	79.6	83.2	86.4	79.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	77.2	69.6	73.6	77.2	69.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	13.6	20.4	16.8	13.6	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,300	46,290	49,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,410	1,200	1,215	2.5	2.6	2.5
With total income	92,885	45,085	47,795	97.5	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,880	2,935	2,950	6.3	6.5	6.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,985	4,815	5,165	10.7	10.7	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	16,370	7,420	8,950	17.6	16.5	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,525	5,830	6,700	13.5	12.9	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,800	5,090	5,715	11.6	11.3	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,855	3,960	4,890	9.5	8.8	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	3,130	3,485	7.1	6.9	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,185	2,580	2,600	5.6	5.7	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,370	2,170	2,195	4.7	4.8	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185	1,585	1,600	3.4	3.5	3.3
$100,000 and over	9,110	5,570	3,545	9.8	12.4	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,495	3,820	2,675	7.0	8.5	5.6
$150,000 and over	2,620	1,750	870	2.8	3.9	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,300	46,290	49,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,375	1,180	1,195	2.5	2.5	2.4
With after-tax income	92,920	45,105	47,815	97.5	97.4	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,145	3,040	3,100	6.6	6.7	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,545	5,110	5,435	11.3	11.3	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	19,345	8,875	10,465	20.8	19.7	21.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,310	7,250	8,055	16.5	16.1	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,795	5,890	6,900	13.8	13.1	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,260	4,445	4,820	10.0	9.9	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770	3,315	3,455	7.3	7.3	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	2,220	2,225	4.8	4.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,795	1,540	1,255	3.0	3.4	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	1,060	775	2.0	2.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,675	2,360	1,320	4.0	5.2	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,085	1,260	830	2.2	2.8	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,590	1,095	495	1.7	2.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,300	46,290	49,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,965	9,665	12,295	23.0	20.9	25.1
With employment income	73,335	36,620	36,715	77.0	79.1	74.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,680	4,240	4,440	11.8	11.6	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	6,080	2,855	3,225	8.3	7.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,900	4,285	4,615	12.1	11.7	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,100	3,335	3,765	9.7	9.1	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,775	3,225	3,550	9.2	8.8	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,845	3,230	3,610	9.3	8.8	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,025	2,825	3,200	8.2	7.7	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,925	2,460	2,465	6.7	6.7	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,190	2,170	2,015	5.7	5.9	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,715	1,845	1,870	5.1	5.0	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,545	1,375	1,165	3.5	3.8	3.2
$100,000 and over	7,555	4,760	2,790	10.3	13.0	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,715	2,245	1,470	5.1	6.1	4.0
$125,000 and over	3,845	2,515	1,325	5.2	6.9	3.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,295	46,285	49,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,715	43,875	46,840	95.2	94.8	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,400	40,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,745	43,885	46,860	95.2	94.8	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,200	33,200	34,000	35,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,485	40,080	42,400	86.6	86.6	86.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	34,400	37,200	40,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,280	35,915	36,365	75.8	77.6	74.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,800	36,400	38,400	40,800	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,955	31,080	37,875	72.4	67.1	77.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,060	2,160	4,240	3,060	2,160	4,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,810	3,815	4,005	8.2	8.2	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,600	6,240	5,200	4,600	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,295	46,275	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,675	43,730	46,945	95.2	94.5	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,440	54,000	45,240	49,440	54,000	45,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,705	43,735	46,970	95.2	94.5	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	42,840	37,760	40,200	42,840	37,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,290	39,880	42,410	86.4	86.2	86.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,520	54,600	42,800	48,520	54,600	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,070	35,750	36,320	75.6	77.3	74.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,840	53,800	43,960	48,840	53,800	43,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,740	30,640	38,105	72.1	66.2	77.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,130	5,945	8,090	7,130	5,945	8,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,810	3,760	4,050	8.2	8.1	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,780	5,825	9,590	7,780	5,825	9,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,300	46,275	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,400	17,775	16,625	36.1	38.4	33.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,400	53,600	57,600	62,400	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,400	74,400	59,900	67,400	74,400	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,375	14,350	16,020	31.9	31.0	32.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	26,200	24,400	25,200	26,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	36,640	33,120	34,800	36,640	33,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.2	85.4	89.0	92.2	85.4
Employment income (%)	78.4	81.4	75.2	78.4	81.4	75.2
Government transfers (%)	10.9	7.7	14.5	10.9	7.7	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	1.8	1.4	0.9	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	60,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	60,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,200	...	...	81,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,100	...	...	66,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,080	...	...	48,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,800	...	...	39,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	905	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	620	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,300	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,045	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,075	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,990	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,055	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,935	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,910	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,255	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,520	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,950	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,490	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,820	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,165	...	...	26.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,300	...	...	8.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,570	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,055	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,235	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	980	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	635	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,330	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,170	...	...	3.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,895	...	...	8.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,800	...	...	6.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,730	...	...	6.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,720	...	...	6.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,595	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,425	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,800	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,010	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,010	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	...	...	4.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,285	...	...	18.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,870	...	...	8.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,865	...	...	4.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,545	...	...	5.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,405	18,715	19,690	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	36,400	36,800	36,800	36,400	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	32,800	33,200	32,800	32,800	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,500	...	...	122,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,480	18,690	19,795	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,240	45,720	44,800	45,240	45,720	44,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,800	37,880	37,680	37,800	37,880	37,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,435	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,430	8,915	8,515	15.8	16.5	15.1
0 to 5 years	6,295	3,275	3,015	5.7	6.1	5.3
18 to 64 years	78,950	39,200	39,750	71.5	72.5	70.5
65 years and over	14,055	5,955	8,105	12.7	11.0	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,765	8,630	9,140	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,825	960	865	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	580	310	265	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,635	6,015	5,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,310	1,650	2,660	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.1	16.0	16.2	16.1	16.0	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.8	10.1	10.5	10.8	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	9.5	8.9	9.2	9.5	8.9
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	15.3	14.1	14.7	15.3	14.1
65 years and over (%)	30.7	27.8	32.8	30.7	27.8	32.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,430	8,915	8,515	15.8	16.5	15.1
0 to 5 years	6,295	3,280	3,020	5.7	6.1	5.4
18 to 64 years	78,945	39,200	39,750	71.5	72.5	70.5
65 years and over	14,055	5,950	8,100	12.7	11.0	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,025	6,215	5,810	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	930	490	440	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	150	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,215	4,975	4,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,880	760	1,125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	11.5	10.3	10.9	11.5	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.5	5.2	5.3	5.5	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	12.7	10.7	11.7	12.7	10.7
65 years and over (%)	13.4	12.7	13.9	13.4	12.7	13.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,435	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,030	31,205	33,830	58.9	57.7	60.0
In bottom decile	16,815	8,420	8,400	15.2	15.6	14.9
In second decile	13,715	6,310	7,400	12.4	11.7	13.1
In third decile	12,550	5,990	6,560	11.4	11.1	11.6
In fourth decile	11,380	5,390	5,995	10.3	10.0	10.6
In fifth decile	10,580	5,100	5,480	9.6	9.4	9.7
In top half of the distribution	45,400	22,865	22,535	41.1	42.3	40.0
In sixth decile	9,960	4,845	5,115	9.0	9.0	9.1
In seventh decile	9,485	4,735	4,755	8.6	8.8	8.4
In eighth decile	9,625	4,790	4,835	8.7	8.9	8.6
In ninth decile	8,795	4,540	4,255	8.0	8.4	7.5
In top decile	7,535	3,960	3,570	6.8	7.3	6.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,430	...	...	110,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.350	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,800	54,540	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,205	1,780	1,425	2.9	3.3	2.5
French only	35,440	16,075	19,360	31.7	29.5	33.8
English and French	72,090	36,255	35,840	64.5	66.5	62.6
Neither English nor French	1,070	425	645	1.0	0.8	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,800	54,540	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,925	5,110	4,815	8.9	9.4	8.4
French	96,185	46,565	49,620	86.0	85.4	86.7
English and French	4,660	2,460	2,205	4.2	4.5	3.9
Neither English nor French	1,030	405	620	0.9	0.7	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,800	54,540	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,835	51,980	54,855	95.6	95.3	95.8
Official languages	88,760	43,130	45,625	79.4	79.1	79.7
English	5,770	3,045	2,725	5.2	5.6	4.8
French	82,985	40,085	42,900	74.2	73.5	74.9
Non-official languages	18,080	8,850	9,230	16.2	16.2	16.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,045	8,840	9,205	16.1	16.2	16.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,645	2,105	1,540	3.3	3.9	2.7
Berber languages	800	485	320	0.7	0.9	0.6
Kabyle	760	455	305	0.7	0.8	0.5
Tamazight	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,820	1,610	1,215	2.5	3.0	2.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,800	1,590	1,205	2.5	2.9	2.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,105	490	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,005	450	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	900	405	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Haitian Creole	625	275	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,125	4,795	5,325	9.1	8.8	9.3
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,175	495	685	1.1	0.9	1.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,160	485	670	1.0	0.9	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	515	270	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	350	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,940	3,770	4,165	7.1	6.9	7.3
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,235	575	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	1,435	690	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Romanian	245	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	5,005	2,385	2,610	4.5	4.4	4.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	465	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,150	525	630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,145	525	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	285	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	415	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,965	2,565	2,405	4.4	4.7	4.2
English and French	1,920	990	935	1.7	1.8	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,075	1,060	1,010	1.9	1.9	1.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	200	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,800	54,540	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,975	2,635	2,345	4.4	4.8	4.1
French	77,460	37,335	40,125	69.3	68.5	70.1
Non-official language	4,835	2,295	2,540	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,825	2,290	2,535	4.3	4.2	4.4
English and French	9,915	5,140	4,775	8.9	9.4	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,655	810	845	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	7,830	3,745	4,090	7.0	6.9	7.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,895	2,470	2,425	4.4	4.5	4.2
Multiple non-official languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,800	54,540	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,685	51,470	54,215	94.5	94.4	94.7
Official languages	96,860	47,205	49,655	86.6	86.6	86.7
English	8,380	4,320	4,060	7.5	7.9	7.1
French	88,480	42,880	45,595	79.1	78.6	79.6
Non-official languages	8,820	4,265	4,555	7.9	7.8	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,810	4,260	4,550	7.9	7.8	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,425	815	610	1.3	1.5	1.1
Berber languages	360	225	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kabyle	340	215	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamazight	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,060	585	470	0.9	1.1	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,055	590	470	0.9	1.1	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	720	325	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	690	315	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	350	140	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	265	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,090	2,380	2,710	4.6	4.4	4.7
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	510	230	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	510	230	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,145	1,930	2,215	3.7	3.5	3.9
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	765	365	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,890	1,360	1,535	2.6	2.5	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	785	380	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	780	375	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	470	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,120	3,070	3,050	5.5	5.6	5.3
English and French	2,475	1,265	1,205	2.2	2.3	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	465	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,520	1,235	1,285	2.3	2.3	2.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	620	325	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,800	54,540	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,135	44,700	47,430	82.4	82.0	82.8
English	6,820	3,565	3,260	6.1	6.5	5.7
French	4,235	2,080	2,155	3.8	3.8	3.8
Non-official language	4,760	2,265	2,495	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,745	2,260	2,485	4.2	4.1	4.3
English and French	870	445	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,725	855	870	1.5	1.6	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	820	395	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	350	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,405	53,620	55,785	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	74,845	37,860	36,985	67.8	70.0	65.6
French	106,195	51,780	54,420	96.2	95.8	96.5
Non-official languages	33,850	16,230	17,620	30.7	30.0	31.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,810	16,210	17,605	30.6	30.0	31.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,920	3,280	2,635	5.4	6.1	4.7
Berber languages	1,255	750	505	1.1	1.4	0.9
Kabyle	1,110	655	450	1.0	1.2	0.8
Tamazight	175	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,330	2,930	2,400	4.8	5.4	4.3
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,260	2,900	2,360	4.8	5.4	4.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,450	660	800	1.3	1.2	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,350	635	720	1.2	1.2	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	50	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	0	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,205	1,045	1,160	2.0	1.9	2.1
Haitian Creole	1,955	895	1,060	1.8	1.7	1.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Telugu	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,900	10,200	11,695	19.8	18.9	20.7
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605	710	900	1.5	1.3	1.6
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,590	700	895	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czech	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	350	145	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	805	345	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,595	785	815	1.4	1.5	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,395	695	700	1.3	1.3	1.2
German	1,385	695	695	1.3	1.3	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	780	420	360	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	540	285	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	290	170	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	245	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	18,430	8,510	9,925	16.7	15.7	17.6
Catalan	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italian	2,880	1,345	1,535	2.6	2.5	2.7
Portuguese	2,395	1,160	1,235	2.2	2.1	2.2
Romanian	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	14,355	6,565	7,790	13.0	12.1	13.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	310	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	995	540	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	75	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	235	60	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	200	40	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,460	680	780	1.3	1.3	1.4
Chinese languages	1,455	680	770	1.3	1.3	1.4
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,025	415	605	0.9	0.8	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	590	310	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	105	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,435	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,225	570	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,135	540	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	615	290	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	500	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,210	53,500	55,710	98.9	99.0	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,435	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,155	53,940	56,220	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,965	...	...	31.4	...	...
Renter	41,465	...	...	68.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,755	...	...	21.1	...	...
Not condominium	47,680	...	...	78.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,470	...	...	2.4	...	...
1 bedroom	25,205	...	...	41.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,845	...	...	36.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,390	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,515	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	38,745	...	...	64.1	...	...
5 rooms	10,765	...	...	17.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,270	...	...	8.7	...	...
7 rooms	2,510	...	...	4.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,145	...	...	5.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,785	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	645	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	57,780	...	...	95.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,650	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	30,870	...	...	51.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,540	...	...	20.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,910	...	...	8.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,140	...	...	5.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,825	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,895	...	...	3.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,675	...	...	4.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,580	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,545	...	...	90.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,885	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,150	...	...	63.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,880	...	...	34.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,395	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,635	...	...	4.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,890	...	...	24.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	13,815	...	...	22.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,230	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,780	...	...	14.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,725	...	...	11.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,945	...	...	4.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,405	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	60,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,715	...	...	76.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,320	...	...	23.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,945	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	60,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,780	...	...	34.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,575	...	...	20.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,985	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,190	...	...	6.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	335	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,360	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,650	...	...	65.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	58,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,550	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not in core need	52,100	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,965	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.8	...	...	71.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	...	...	1,570	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,666	...	...	1,666	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,465	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.1	...	...	27.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,435	54,070	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	850	375	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	835	375	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	730	330	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,505	1,475	2,030	3.2	2.7	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,465	1,445	2,015	3.1	2.7	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,230	1,370	1,860	2.9	2.5	3.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,075	52,215	53,865	96.1	96.6	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,145	47,110	50,035	88.0	87.1	88.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,270	8,390	7,880	14.7	15.5	14.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,875	38,720	42,160	73.2	71.6	74.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,285	6,955	6,325	12.0	12.9	11.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	81,605	39,540	42,065	73.9	73.1	74.6
Immigrants⁸¹	21,940	10,890	11,045	19.9	20.1	19.6
Before 1980	2,680	1,270	1,410	2.4	2.3	2.5
1980 to 1990	2,325	1,135	1,195	2.1	2.1	2.1
1991 to 2000	3,335	1,645	1,690	3.0	3.0	3.0
2001 to 2010	5,455	2,645	2,810	4.9	4.9	5.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,150	4,205	3,940	7.4	7.8	7.0
2011 to 2015	3,780	1,960	1,820	3.4	3.6	3.2
2016 to 2021	4,365	2,245	2,120	4.0	4.2	3.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,890	3,635	3,255	6.2	6.7	5.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,935	10,890	11,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,740	870	865	7.9	8.0	7.8
5 to 14 years	2,945	1,515	1,430	13.4	13.9	12.9
15 to 24 years	3,340	1,590	1,755	15.2	14.6	15.9
25 to 44 years	12,665	6,340	6,325	57.7	58.2	57.3
45 years and over	1,250	575	670	5.7	5.3	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,935	10,890	11,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,440	2,640	2,795	24.8	24.2	25.3
Brazil	275	145	130	1.3	1.3	1.2
Colombia	565	250	310	2.6	2.3	2.8
El Salvador	255	155	100	1.2	1.4	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	1,335	620	715	6.1	5.7	6.5
Jamaica	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexico	545	275	265	2.5	2.5	2.4
Peru	505	230	270	2.3	2.1	2.4
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	385	175	215	1.8	1.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	1,545	775	765	7.0	7.1	6.9
Europe	8,875	4,520	4,355	40.5	41.5	39.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Croatia	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	5,415	2,940	2,475	24.7	27.0	22.4
Germany	175	90	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greece	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	520	250	275	2.4	2.3	2.5
Netherlands	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Poland	205	80	130	0.9	0.7	1.2
Portugal	765	330	430	3.5	3.0	3.9
Romania	235	105	130	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian Federation	200	80	125	0.9	0.7	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ukraine	185	75	105	0.8	0.7	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	95	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	795	330	470	3.6	3.0	4.3
Africa	4,630	2,380	2,245	21.1	21.9	20.3
Algeria	1,880	925	960	8.6	8.5	8.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Egypt	95	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	920	435	480	4.2	4.0	4.3
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,515	850	665	6.9	7.8	6.0
Asia	2,940	1,310	1,625	13.4	12.0	14.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	260	140	125	1.2	1.3	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	90	65	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Turkey	50	40	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
China⁹⁰	610	240	370	2.8	2.2	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	70	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Taiwan	55	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	105	10	95	0.5	0.1	0.9
Viet Nam	870	405	470	4.0	3.7	4.3
Bangladesh	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	135	70	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lanka	95	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	380	145	235	1.7	1.3	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,370	2,250	2,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	615	290	320	14.1	12.9	15.1
Brazil	65	30	35	1.5	1.3	1.6
Colombia	85	50	40	1.9	2.2	1.9
Haiti	90	35	55	2.1	1.6	2.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	80	40	40	1.8	1.8	1.9
United States of America	80	50	30	1.8	2.2	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	70	20	50	1.6	0.9	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	145	75	70	3.3	3.3	3.3
Europe	2,070	1,125	945	47.4	50.0	44.5
France	1,755	960	795	40.2	42.7	37.4
Germany	25	15	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	15	20	0.9	0.7	0.9
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	10	0.6	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	190	95	100	4.3	4.2	4.7
Africa	1,295	660	635	29.6	29.3	29.9
Algeria	575	285	290	13.2	12.7	13.6
Burundi	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Cameroon	40	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.2
Côte d'Ivoire	40	15	20	0.9	0.7	0.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	175	70	100	4.0	3.1	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	245	140	110	5.6	6.2	5.2
Other places of birth in Africa	140	85	50	3.2	3.8	2.4
Asia	355	145	215	8.1	6.4	10.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	40	65	2.3	1.8	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	0	35	0.8	0.0	1.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Viet Nam	60	25	35	1.4	1.1	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Australia	25	15	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,045	15,090	14,955	27.2	27.9	26.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,135	8,100	8,030	14.6	15.0	14.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	64,255	30,875	33,380	58.2	57.1	59.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	19,260	9,625	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,275	6,410	5,860	63.7	66.6	60.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,490	4,195	3,295	38.9	43.6	34.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,785	2,220	2,565	24.8	23.1	26.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,725	2,100	2,620	24.5	21.8	27.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,045	1,010	1,030	10.6	10.5	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	215	100	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	19,260	9,625	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,485	780	710	7.7	8.1	7.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,640	1,870	1,775	18.9	19.4	18.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	680	365	320	3.5	3.8	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,865	970	900	9.7	10.1	9.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	215	60	155	1.1	0.6	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	11,365	5,580	5,790	59.0	58.0	60.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,510	10,160	10,355	18.6	18.8	18.4
South Asian	980	480	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	1,455	630	830	1.3	1.2	1.5
Black	5,650	2,920	2,730	5.1	5.4	4.8
Filipino	200	35	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Arab	4,025	2,150	1,875	3.6	4.0	3.3
Latin American	4,795	2,370	2,420	4.3	4.4	4.3
Southeast Asian	1,875	850	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.8
West Asian	230	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	200	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	740	330	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	89,920	43,905	46,015	81.4	81.2	81.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,430	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,145	8,970	10,175	17.3	16.6	18.1
English	2,785	1,405	1,375	2.5	2.6	2.4
Irish	6,490	3,125	3,370	5.9	5.8	6.0
Scottish	3,225	1,540	1,685	2.9	2.8	3.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	38,365	19,200	19,170	34.7	35.5	34.0
German	2,295	1,065	1,230	2.1	2.0	2.2
Chinese	1,815	810	1,005	1.6	1.5	1.8
Italian	6,150	2,905	3,240	5.6	5.4	5.7
Indian (India)	750	400	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	845	400	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
Dutch	440	265	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Polish	1,385	620	760	1.3	1.1	1.3
Québécois	11,755	5,820	5,930	10.6	10.8	10.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	655	330	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	235	65	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
French Canadian	6,215	2,860	3,355	5.6	5.3	6.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,715	930	790	1.6	1.7	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,965	840	1,125	1.8	1.6	2.0
Métis	380	150	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795	880	915	1.6	1.6	1.6
Russian	725	310	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Welsh	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	2,130	1,075	1,050	1.9	2.0	1.9
American	880	375	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Spanish	2,655	1,240	1,415	2.4	2.3	2.5
Swedish	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	1,415	600	820	1.3	1.1	1.5
Pakistani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,085	600	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jewish	565	295	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,630	750	880	1.5	1.4	1.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,745	930	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Greek	695	310	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jamaican	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	240	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	550	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	755	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian	180	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	1,430	665	765	1.3	1.2	1.4
Haitian	2,535	1,200	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hindu	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	1,040	525	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mennonite	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swiss	615	245	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Finnish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	405	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	550	295	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	885	395	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Moroccan	1,145	540	610	1.0	1.0	1.1
Czech	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	1,900	990	910	1.7	1.8	1.6
Brazilian	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slovak	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	385	210	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
African Caribbean	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Congolese	370	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	800	330	470	0.7	0.6	0.8
Yoruba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	1,050	610	440	1.0	1.1	0.8
Albanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	805	445	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	380	200	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	305	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	230	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	120	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indonesian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	220	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	540	280	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	310	105	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Moldovan	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	515	230	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	215	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norman	280	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,435	54,065	56,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,155	460	690	1.0	0.9	1.2
Christian	46,265	21,205	25,065	41.9	39.2	44.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,940	1,890	2,050	3.6	3.5	3.6
Anabaptist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	155	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baptist	280	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catholic	39,145	17,955	21,190	35.4	33.2	37.6
Christian Orthodox	1,125	450	675	1.0	0.8	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	185	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	975	420	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hindu	395	215	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	385	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Muslim	6,130	3,305	2,825	5.6	6.1	5.0
Sikh	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	685	335	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	55,365	28,370	27,000	50.1	52.5	47.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,375	53,525	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,535	44,720	46,815	83.7	83.5	83.8
Movers	17,835	8,805	9,035	16.3	16.5	16.2
Non-migrants	14,020	6,895	7,125	12.8	12.9	12.8
Migrants	3,815	1,910	1,910	3.5	3.6	3.4
Internal migrants	2,370	1,160	1,215	2.2	2.2	2.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,875	865	1,015	1.7	1.6	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	490	290	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	1,450	750	700	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,085	51,185	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,625	25,400	27,225	50.1	49.6	50.5
Movers	52,460	25,790	26,675	49.9	50.4	49.5
Non-migrants	32,810	16,060	16,750	31.2	31.4	31.1
Migrants	19,650	9,725	9,925	18.7	19.0	18.4
Internal migrants	11,200	5,345	5,855	10.7	10.4	10.9
Intraprovincial migrants	9,730	4,610	5,110	9.3	9.0	9.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,480	735	740	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	8,445	4,375	4,070	8.0	8.5	7.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,300	46,275	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,880	6,160	5,720	12.5	13.3	11.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	83,420	40,115	43,305	87.5	86.7	88.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,020	35,240	35,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,405	3,085	2,320	7.6	8.8	6.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,615	32,155	33,460	92.4	91.2	93.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,295	46,275	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,535	5,330	5,205	11.1	11.5	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,340	7,610	6,730	15.0	16.4	13.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,425	33,335	37,085	73.9	72.0	75.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,330	14,030	13,300	28.7	30.3	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,845	4,645	3,200	8.2	10.0	6.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,890	3,065	2,825	6.2	6.6	5.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,960	1,580	375	2.1	3.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,260	7,680	7,580	16.0	16.6	15.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,220	1,700	2,520	4.4	3.7	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,095	19,300	23,790	45.2	41.7	48.5
Bachelor's degree	23,280	10,325	12,960	24.4	22.3	26.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,015	1,735	2,280	4.2	3.7	4.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	720	295	430	0.8	0.6	0.9
Master's degree	13,010	5,905	7,105	13.7	12.8	14.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,065	1,045	1,015	2.2	2.3	2.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,015	35,235	35,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,430	2,520	1,910	6.2	7.2	5.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,770	4,500	3,275	10.9	12.8	9.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,815	28,225	30,595	82.8	80.1	85.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	11,145	9,625	29.2	31.6	26.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,255	3,695	2,560	8.8	10.5	7.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,715	2,430	2,280	6.6	6.9	6.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,540	1,270	275	2.2	3.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,255	6,060	5,190	15.8	17.2	14.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,260	1,385	1,875	4.6	3.9	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,045	17,075	20,970	53.6	48.5	58.6
Bachelor's degree	19,985	8,935	11,045	28.1	25.4	30.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,625	1,560	2,070	5.1	4.4	5.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	660	265	395	0.9	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	11,960	5,425	6,530	16.8	15.4	18.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,820	900	925	2.6	2.6	2.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,295	46,275	49,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,875	12,940	11,935	26.1	28.0	24.3
Education	3,845	995	2,850	4.0	2.2	5.8
13. Education	3,845	995	2,850	4.0	2.2	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,600	4,160	4,440	9.0	9.0	9.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,060	735	325	1.1	1.6	0.7
50. Visual and performing arts	7,535	3,420	4,115	7.9	7.4	8.4
Humanities	6,340	2,665	3,675	6.7	5.8	7.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,055	250	805	1.1	0.5	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	330	110	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,375	1,090	1,285	2.5	2.4	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	430	285	150	0.5	0.6	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	685	350	330	0.7	0.8	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,295	520	775	1.4	1.1	1.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,875	4,130	7,740	12.5	8.9	15.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,120	1,020	2,100	3.3	2.2	4.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	835	130	705	0.9	0.3	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,945	710	1,240	2.0	1.5	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	435	90	340	0.5	0.2	0.7
42. Psychology	1,620	370	1,250	1.7	0.8	2.5
45. Social sciences	3,750	1,770	1,980	3.9	3.8	4.0
Business, management and public administration	13,780	6,025	7,755	14.5	13.0	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,185	290	905	1.2	0.6	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,590	5,740	6,850	13.2	12.4	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,915	1,540	1,380	3.1	3.3	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,240	465	775	1.3	1.0	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	460	295	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	745	525	220	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,935	2,905	1,030	4.1	6.3	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,130	2,470	660	3.3	5.3	1.3
25. Library science	340	95	245	0.4	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	265	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,385	7,535	1,845	9.8	16.3	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	1,235	635	600	1.3	1.4	1.2
14. Engineering	3,960	3,075	885	4.2	6.6	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260	1,090	165	1.3	2.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,310	1,250	60	1.4	2.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	785	735	50	0.8	1.6	0.1
48. Precision production	815	740	75	0.9	1.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	890	440	450	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	225	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	215	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	6,230	1,430	4,800	6.5	3.1	9.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	540	215	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,390	1,085	4,300	5.7	2.3	8.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,600	1,500	1,105	2.7	3.2	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,715	815	900	1.8	1.8	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	430	295	135	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	370	65	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,020	35,240	35,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,200	7,015	5,185	17.2	19.9	14.5
Education	3,030	800	2,230	4.3	2.3	6.2
13. Education	3,030	800	2,230	4.3	2.3	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,350	3,585	3,765	10.3	10.2	10.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	915	630	290	1.3	1.8	0.8
50. Visual and performing arts	6,435	2,955	3,475	9.1	8.4	9.7
Humanities	4,740	2,030	2,710	6.7	5.8	7.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	860	190	665	1.2	0.5	1.9
23. English language and literature/letters	265	80	185	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,555	755	800	2.2	2.1	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	355	230	125	0.5	0.7	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	565	290	275	0.8	0.8	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,050	435	610	1.5	1.2	1.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,095	3,490	6,610	14.2	9.9	18.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,760	910	1,850	3.9	2.6	5.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700	115	585	1.0	0.3	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,660	605	1,055	2.3	1.7	2.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	335	75	260	0.5	0.2	0.7
42. Psychology	1,335	280	1,055	1.9	0.8	2.9
45. Social sciences	3,175	1,465	1,710	4.5	4.2	4.8
Business, management and public administration	11,820	5,200	6,620	16.6	14.8	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,000	245	750	1.4	0.7	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,820	4,955	5,860	15.2	14.1	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,160	1,150	1,015	3.0	3.3	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,070	395	675	1.5	1.1	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	190	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	600	420	180	0.8	1.2	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,405	2,555	850	4.8	7.3	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,795	2,220	575	3.9	6.3	1.6
25. Library science	255	70	185	0.4	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	270	205	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	85	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,155	6,520	1,635	11.5	18.5	4.6
04. Architecture and related services	1,135	580	555	1.6	1.6	1.6
14. Engineering	3,620	2,855	765	5.1	8.1	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,030	900	135	1.5	2.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	1,055	1,015	40	1.5	2.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	635	590	45	0.9	1.7	0.1
48. Precision production	650	575	75	0.9	1.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	400	420	1.2	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	210	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	195	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	5,020	1,200	3,820	7.1	3.4	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	175	275	0.6	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,285	900	3,390	6.0	2.6	9.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	125	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,195	1,295	905	3.1	3.7	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,445	705	740	2.0	2.0	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	370	245	115	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	325	50	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	71,020	35,240	35,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,200	7,015	5,185	17.2	19.9	14.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	58,815	28,220	30,595	82.8	80.1	85.5
Location of study inside Canada	47,140	22,180	24,960	66.4	62.9	69.8
Same as province or territory of residence	45,345	21,265	24,080	63.8	60.3	67.3
Different than province or territory of residence	1,795	915	880	2.5	2.6	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,680	6,040	5,635	16.4	17.1	15.7
Americas	1,835	925	910	2.6	2.6	2.5
United States of America	525	290	235	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mexico	325	150	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cuba	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	180	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	235	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	220	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	6,980	3,580	3,395	9.8	10.2	9.5
Belgium	250	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
France	5,570	2,855	2,715	7.8	8.1	7.6
Germany	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	320	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	245	130	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Africa	1,875	1,080	795	2.6	3.1	2.2
Nigeria	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	900	505	395	1.3	1.4	1.1
Morocco	270	115	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tunisia	295	175	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Egypt	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	330	235	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
Asia	910	410	505	1.3	1.2	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	265	115	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,295	46,275	49,025	...	...	...
In the labour force	69,260	34,665	34,595	...	...	...
Employed	63,520	31,565	31,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,740	3,100	2,635	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,035	11,605	14,430	...	...	...
Participation rate	72.7	74.9	70.6	72.7	74.9	70.6
Employment rate	66.7	68.2	65.2	66.7	68.2	65.2
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.9	7.6	8.3	8.9	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,295	46,275	49,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,610	11,340	14,270	26.9	24.5	29.1
Worked	69,690	34,935	34,755	73.1	75.5	70.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,485	18,455	17,030	37.2	39.9	34.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,205	16,480	17,725	35.9	35.6	36.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.0	40.7	40.8	41.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	69,260	34,665	34,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,350	675	675	1.9	1.9	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	67,915	33,990	33,920	98.1	98.1	98.0
Employee	58,145	28,560	29,580	84.0	82.4	85.5
Permanent position	47,305	23,720	23,585	68.3	68.4	68.2
Temporary position	10,840	4,840	6,000	15.7	14.0	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,770	2,015	2,750	6.9	5.8	7.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,075	2,820	3,250	8.8	8.1	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,765	5,430	4,340	14.1	15.7	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	69,260	34,665	34,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,350	675	675	1.9	1.9	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	67,915	33,990	33,920	98.1	98.1	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,220	805	415	1.8	2.3	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,145	4,765	8,380	19.0	13.7	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,985	5,970	2,010	11.5	17.2	5.8
3 Health occupations	4,855	1,205	3,650	7.0	3.5	10.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,640	3,975	7,665	16.8	11.5	22.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,950	4,050	3,900	11.5	11.7	11.3
6 Sales and service occupations	14,175	7,275	6,895	20.5	21.0	19.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,175	4,685	490	7.5	13.5	1.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	330	225	100	0.5	0.6	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,445	1,030	410	2.1	3.0	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	69,260	34,665	34,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,350	675	675	1.9	1.9	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	67,915	33,990	33,920	98.1	98.1	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	280	200	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	540	340	200	0.8	1.0	0.6
23 Construction	2,215	1,895	325	3.2	5.5	0.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,740	2,590	1,150	5.4	7.5	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,490	930	565	2.2	2.7	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	6,135	3,100	3,030	8.9	8.9	8.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,990	1,600	395	2.9	4.6	1.1
51 Information and cultural industries	5,295	3,005	2,290	7.6	8.7	6.6
52 Finance and insurance	3,080	1,495	1,585	4.4	4.3	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,050	550	495	1.5	1.6	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,050	5,515	4,535	14.5	15.9	13.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,220	1,300	920	3.2	3.8	2.7
61 Educational services	7,490	2,850	4,640	10.8	8.2	13.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,875	2,255	6,620	12.8	6.5	19.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,810	1,410	1,400	4.1	4.1	4.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,525	1,985	1,545	5.1	5.7	4.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,380	1,240	2,135	4.9	3.6	6.2
91 Public administration	3,605	1,670	1,930	5.2	4.8	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	73,205	36,640	36,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,645	2,595	2,050	6.3	7.1	5.6
French	38,545	18,160	20,385	52.7	49.6	55.8
Non-official language	175	105	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	105	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	27,820	14,845	12,975	38.0	40.5	35.5
English and non-official language(s)	180	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	375	175	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,440	640	800	2.0	1.7	2.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	73,205	36,640	36,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,125	33,920	34,205	93.1	92.6	93.5
Official languages	67,760	33,730	34,030	92.6	92.1	93.1
English	10,580	6,010	4,570	14.5	16.4	12.5
French	57,180	27,725	29,455	78.1	75.7	80.6
Non-official languages	365	190	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	365	190	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,085	2,720	2,365	6.9	7.4	6.5
English and French	4,755	2,550	2,200	6.5	7.0	6.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	73,205	36,640	36,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,070	23,415	24,650	65.7	63.9	67.4
English	17,765	9,185	8,580	24.3	25.1	23.5
French	5,765	3,295	2,475	7.9	9.0	6.8
Non-official language	610	275	340	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	610	275	340	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	735	315	420	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	140	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,520	31,560	31,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	23,640	11,480	12,160	37.2	36.4	38.0
Worked outside Canada	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,900	3,375	1,525	7.7	10.7	4.8
Usual place of work	34,830	16,625	18,205	54.8	52.7	57.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,830	16,625	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,950	13,650	16,305	86.0	82.1	89.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,110	640	470	3.2	3.8	2.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,675	2,270	1,405	10.6	13.7	7.7
Commute to a different province or territory	90	70	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,730	20,005	19,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,420	10,120	7,300	43.8	50.6	37.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,280	9,685	6,600	41.0	48.4	33.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,135	430	705	2.9	2.1	3.6
Public transit	11,965	5,045	6,920	30.1	25.2	35.1
Walked	5,695	2,385	3,310	14.3	11.9	16.8
Bicycle	4,035	2,140	1,895	10.2	10.7	9.6
Other method	610	310	305	1.5	1.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,730	20,005	19,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,270	2,980	3,295	15.8	14.9	16.7
15 to 29 minutes	14,030	7,055	6,975	35.3	35.3	35.4
30 to 44 minutes	12,780	6,595	6,190	32.2	33.0	31.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,260	2,040	2,220	10.7	10.2	11.3
60 minutes and over	2,385	1,340	1,050	6.0	6.7	5.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,730	20,005	19,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,955	1,470	485	4.9	7.3	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,940	2,890	2,050	12.4	14.4	10.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,410	4,665	5,750	26.2	23.3	29.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,685	4,825	5,865	26.9	24.1	29.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,570	3,240	3,325	16.5	16.2	16.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,170	2,910	2,260	13.0	14.5	11.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,675	9,040	8,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,090	1,070	1,020	11.8	11.8	11.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,585	7,965	7,615	88.2	88.1	88.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,065	6,115	5,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,435	725	710	11.9	11.9	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	870	445	425	7.2	7.3	7.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570	280	285	4.7	4.6	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,630	5,395	5,235	88.1	88.2	88.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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