Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rivière-du-NordMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,515	56,125	57,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,210	9,820	9,390	16.9	17.5	16.4
0 to 4 years	6,205	3,140	3,070	5.5	5.6	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,545	3,330	3,215	5.8	5.9	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,460	3,355	3,105	5.7	6.0	5.4
15 to 64 years	70,965	35,830	35,135	62.5	63.8	61.2
15 to 19 years	5,480	2,785	2,695	4.8	5.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,780	2,980	2,800	5.1	5.3	4.9
25 to 29 years	7,370	3,750	3,615	6.5	6.7	6.3
30 to 34 years	7,660	3,925	3,735	6.7	7.0	6.5
35 to 39 years	7,080	3,635	3,445	6.2	6.5	6.0
40 to 44 years	7,335	3,780	3,560	6.5	6.7	6.2
45 to 49 years	6,580	3,325	3,250	5.8	5.9	5.7
50 to 54 years	6,865	3,440	3,425	6.0	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,345	4,090	4,255	7.4	7.3	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,465	4,115	4,355	7.5	7.3	7.6
65 years and over	23,340	10,480	12,860	20.6	18.7	22.4
65 to 69 years	7,250	3,395	3,850	6.4	6.0	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,065	2,785	3,275	5.3	5.0	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,560	2,095	2,470	4.0	3.7	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,835	1,225	1,605	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	2,630	975	1,660	2.3	1.7	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,735	670	1,065	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	750	260	495	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.5	16.4	16.9	17.5	16.4
15 to 64 years	62.5	63.8	61.2	62.5	63.8	61.2
65 years and over	20.6	18.7	22.4	20.6	18.7	22.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	2.9	2.3	1.7	2.9
Average age of the population	42.6	41.5	43.6	42.6	41.5	43.6
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.4	42.8	41.6	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,100	...	...	45.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,165	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	685	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,630	...	...	11.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,265	...	...	34.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,340	...	...	2.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,910	...	...	35.5	...	...
2 persons	17,690	...	...	35.1	...	...
3 persons	6,745	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	5,245	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,880	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,380	54,385	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,305	46,305	47,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,560	25,785	25,775	54.7	55.7	53.7
Married	24,585	12,325	12,255	26.1	26.6	25.5
Living common-law	26,975	13,460	13,520	28.6	29.1	28.2
Living common law - Never married	21,685	10,800	10,880	23.0	23.3	22.7
Living common law - Separated	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,320	2,215	2,105	4.6	4.8	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	645	285	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	42,745	20,520	22,220	45.3	44.3	46.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,195	15,510	12,680	29.9	33.5	26.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,490	645	845	1.6	1.4	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,545	2,855	4,690	8.0	6.2	9.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,520	1,510	4,010	5.9	3.3	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,615	...	...	56.3	...	...
3 persons	6,380	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	4,940	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,325	...	...	7.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,370	...	...	81.2	...	...
Married couples	11,890	...	...	38.0	...	...
With children⁶	4,385	...	...	14.0	...	...
Without children	7,505	...	...	24.0	...	...
Common-law couples	13,485	...	...	43.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,900	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	6,585	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,885	...	...	18.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,280	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,605	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,380	54,385	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,660	42,905	43,760	78.5	78.9	78.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,740	25,320	25,425	46.0	46.6	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,885	1,605	4,280	5.3	3.0	7.6
Children⁶	30,030	15,980	14,055	27.2	29.4	25.1
In a two-parent family	21,010	11,055	9,955	19.0	20.3	17.8
In a one-parent family	9,015	4,925	4,095	8.2	9.1	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,720	11,480	12,240	21.5	21.1	21.9
Living alone	17,910	8,365	9,545	16.2	15.4	17.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,290	1,025	1,265	2.1	1.9	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,520	2,085	1,435	3.2	3.8	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,765	...	...	57.0	...	...
Couple-family households	23,735	...	...	47.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,585	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	13,155	...	...	26.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,025	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	690	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,180	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,745	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	17,910	...	...	35.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,225	44,595	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,255	43,670	45,585	97.8	97.9	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,270	43,675	45,595	97.9	97.9	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,200	31,400	34,800	39,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,835	39,620	39,220	86.4	88.8	84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,400	24,600	31,200	38,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,700	33,215	30,485	69.8	74.5	65.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	28,400	34,000	40,400	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,090	36,340	40,745	84.5	81.5	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	10,400	13,500	12,200	10,400	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,680	7,380	6,300	15.0	16.5	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,420	15,225	13,195	31.2	34.1	28.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,225	44,590	46,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,110	43,595	45,520	97.7	97.8	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	51,250	39,720	45,360	51,250	39,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,135	43,605	45,535	97.7	97.8	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,360	42,160	34,680	38,360	42,160	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,830	39,595	39,235	86.4	88.8	84.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,520	45,680	31,360	38,520	45,680	31,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,700	33,100	30,595	69.8	74.2	65.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	33,960	40,000	45,600	33,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,735	36,100	40,635	84.1	81.0	87.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,080	11,800	14,240	13,080	11,800	14,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,590	7,275	6,315	14.9	16.3	13.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,260	7,020	6,620	6,260	7,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,110	14,980	13,130	30.8	33.6	28.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,740	7,200	8,360	7,740	7,200	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,225	44,590	46,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,940	15,720	13,225	31.7	35.3	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	58,000	46,800	52,400	58,000	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,550	64,600	51,300	58,550	64,600	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,180	13,220	13,965	29.8	29.6	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	26,800	17,400	21,200	26,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040	33,440	22,900	28,040	33,440	22,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.2	81.0	68.0	75.2	81.0	68.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0	67.6	57.5	63.0	67.6	57.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.8	19.1	32.0	24.8	19.1	32.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.0	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.4	7.3	6.3	5.4	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.4	4.8	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,225	44,595	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,965	920	1,045	2.2	2.1	2.3
With total income	89,255	43,670	45,585	97.8	97.9	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,255	2,175	3,075	5.9	5.0	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,750	4,110	6,640	12.0	9.4	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	16,420	6,750	9,670	18.4	15.5	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,090	5,865	7,230	14.7	13.4	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,465	6,050	6,420	14.0	13.9	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,705	5,050	4,655	10.9	11.6	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,860	4,025	2,835	7.7	9.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,655	2,865	1,790	5.2	6.6	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,475	2,140	1,330	3.9	4.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,215	1,455	760	2.5	3.3	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,375	3,185	1,190	4.9	7.3	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,500	2,500	995	3.9	5.7	2.2
$150,000 and over	875	685	190	1.0	1.6	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,225	44,595	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,950	910	1,040	2.1	2.1	2.2
With after-tax income	89,270	43,675	45,595	97.9	98.0	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,665	2,280	3,385	6.3	5.2	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,295	4,360	6,935	12.7	10.0	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	19,415	8,120	11,295	21.7	18.6	24.8
$30,000 to $39,999	16,390	7,880	8,510	18.4	18.0	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,345	7,560	6,780	16.1	17.3	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,320	5,405	3,910	10.4	12.4	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,750	3,340	2,410	6.4	7.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,245	2,025	1,220	3.6	4.6	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,630	1,095	540	1.8	2.5	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	895	625	265	1.0	1.4	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,310	980	335	1.5	2.2	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	805	575	235	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	510	405	105	0.6	0.9	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,225	44,595	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,525	11,380	16,150	30.2	25.5	34.6
With employment income	63,700	33,215	30,485	69.8	74.5	65.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,225	4,185	4,040	12.9	12.6	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,020	2,055	2,965	7.9	6.2	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,205	3,470	4,735	12.9	10.4	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	7,415	3,215	4,200	11.6	9.7	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,340	3,550	3,795	11.5	10.7	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,220	3,710	3,510	11.3	11.2	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,595	3,300	2,300	8.8	9.9	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	2,625	1,555	6.6	7.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,190	2,085	1,110	5.0	6.3	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570	1,580	995	4.0	4.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,565	1,095	465	2.4	3.3	1.5
$100,000 and over	3,170	2,355	815	5.0	7.1	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,905	1,370	535	3.0	4.1	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,265	985	280	2.0	3.0	0.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,225	44,595	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,930	42,995	44,935	96.4	96.4	96.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,000	36,400	42,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,990	43,010	44,980	96.5	96.4	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,600	32,800	37,600	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,795	39,170	38,625	85.3	87.8	82.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	26,200	32,800	40,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,970	33,335	30,630	70.1	74.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	29,000	34,800	41,200	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,690	31,870	37,820	76.4	71.5	81.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,000	10,300	8,800	7,000	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,975	6,585	5,395	13.1	14.8	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,480	4,800	4,600	4,480	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,225	44,590	46,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,935	42,920	45,010	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	49,440	36,600	42,880	49,440	36,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,020	42,940	45,080	96.5	96.3	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,040	40,320	31,920	36,040	40,320	31,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,050	39,215	38,840	85.6	87.9	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	46,920	31,560	39,280	46,920	31,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,190	33,370	30,820	70.4	74.8	66.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,240	46,360	33,600	40,240	46,360	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,630	31,740	37,890	76.3	71.2	81.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,120	8,880	11,150	10,120	8,880	11,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,260	6,635	5,620	13.4	14.9	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,230	5,475	7,120	6,230	5,475	7,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,225	44,590	46,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,775	15,650	13,125	31.5	35.1	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	56,000	42,800	49,200	56,000	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,500	62,500	47,160	55,500	62,500	47,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,950	12,700	13,255	28.4	28.5	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	32,400	21,400	25,600	32,400	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	38,160	26,520	32,200	38,160	26,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.4	86.8	74.4	81.4	86.8	74.4
Employment income (%)	68.6	73.0	62.8	68.6	73.0	62.8
Government transfers (%)	18.7	13.3	25.7	18.7	13.3	25.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...	80,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,240	...	...	42,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,080	...	...	36,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,140	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,360	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,260	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,045	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,525	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,590	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,530	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,500	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,045	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,540	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,045	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,315	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,680	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,640	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,370	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,625	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	720	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,185	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,645	...	...	7.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,745	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,630	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,035	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,080	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,875	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,030	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,655	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,635	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,955	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,510	...	...	18.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,875	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...	5.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,045	...	...	4.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,430	10,455	10,980	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	40,000	31,600	35,600	40,000	31,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	35,200	29,200	32,000	35,200	29,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...	131,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,100	...	...	70,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,900	...	...	61,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,415	10,475	10,940	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,280	45,600	37,120	41,280	45,600	37,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,320	38,000	32,800	35,320	38,000	32,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,380	54,385	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,390	11,445	10,945	20.3	21.0	19.5
0 to 5 years	7,500	3,790	3,710	6.8	7.0	6.6
18 to 64 years	66,515	33,120	33,395	60.3	60.9	59.6
65 years and over	21,475	9,810	11,655	19.5	18.0	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,550	5,815	7,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,385	1,195	1,190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	760	375	385	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,335	2,960	3,380	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,830	1,665	3,165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.3	10.7	13.8	12.3	10.7	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.4	10.9	10.7	10.4	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.1	9.9	10.4	10.1	9.9	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	8.9	10.1	9.5	8.9	10.1
65 years and over (%)	22.5	16.9	27.1	22.5	16.9	27.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,380	54,385	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,390	11,445	10,945	20.3	21.0	19.5
0 to 5 years	7,500	3,790	3,710	6.8	7.0	6.6
18 to 64 years	66,515	33,120	33,395	60.3	60.9	59.6
65 years and over	21,475	9,810	11,655	19.5	18.0	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,930	1,975	1,955	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	575	315	260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	85	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,965	1,515	1,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	390	145	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,380	54,385	56,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,115	33,095	36,020	62.6	60.9	64.3
In bottom decile	11,310	4,990	6,320	10.2	9.2	11.3
In second decile	13,975	6,460	7,510	12.7	11.9	13.4
In third decile	14,705	7,055	7,650	13.3	13.0	13.7
In fourth decile	15,090	7,450	7,645	13.7	13.7	13.7
In fifth decile	14,040	7,140	6,900	12.7	13.1	12.3
In top half of the distribution	41,270	21,290	19,970	37.4	39.1	35.7
In sixth decile	12,595	6,450	6,140	11.4	11.9	11.0
In seventh decile	10,785	5,540	5,240	9.8	10.2	9.4
In eighth decile	8,645	4,440	4,210	7.8	8.2	7.5
In ninth decile	6,035	3,195	2,840	5.5	5.9	5.1
In top decile	3,205	1,665	1,540	2.9	3.1	2.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,385	...	...	110,385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	...	...	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,735	54,895	56,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	485	275	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
French only	68,450	31,690	36,755	61.3	57.7	64.7
English and French	42,500	22,785	19,715	38.0	41.5	34.7
Neither English nor French	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,735	54,895	56,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,500	1,290	1,205	2.2	2.3	2.1
French	107,845	52,925	54,925	96.5	96.4	96.6
English and French	1,115	550	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Neither English nor French	275	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,735	54,895	56,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,680	53,845	55,840	98.2	98.1	98.2
Official languages	105,610	51,845	53,770	94.5	94.4	94.6
English	1,930	1,000	925	1.7	1.8	1.6
French	103,685	50,840	52,840	92.8	92.6	93.0
Non-official languages	4,065	2,000	2,065	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,060	2,000	2,065	3.6	3.6	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	675	370	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	335	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	600	335	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	170	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,515	1,220	1,295	2.3	2.2	2.3
Albanian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,865	900	960	1.7	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,335	620	715	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,055	1,050	1,005	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	1,285	650	640	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	550	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,735	54,895	56,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,065	550	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	101,570	49,700	51,870	90.9	90.5	91.2
Non-official language	1,010	490	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,010	490	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	4,695	2,460	2,235	4.2	4.5	3.9
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,105	1,040	1,060	1.9	1.9	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,055	530	530	0.9	1.0	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,735	54,895	56,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,725	53,885	55,840	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	107,775	52,945	54,825	96.5	96.4	96.4
English	1,755	895	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
French	106,020	52,050	53,975	94.9	94.8	95.0
Non-official languages	1,950	940	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,950	940	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,310	625	685	1.2	1.1	1.2
Albanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	930	445	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	805	385	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,015	1,005	1,005	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	1,130	580	555	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	655	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,735	54,895	56,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,415	51,625	53,785	94.3	94.0	94.6
English	3,270	1,735	1,535	2.9	3.2	2.7
French	1,140	555	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,075	535	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,070	535	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,380	54,385	56,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,220	54,320	55,905	99.9	99.9	99.8
English	42,835	23,075	19,765	38.8	42.4	35.3
French	109,755	54,085	55,670	99.4	99.4	99.4
Non-official languages	8,025	3,885	4,140	7.3	7.1	7.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,000	3,860	4,135	7.2	7.1	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,135	620	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,095	605	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,090	600	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	630	305	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian Creole	495	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,100	2,435	2,670	4.6	4.5	4.8
Albanian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,365	2,060	2,305	4.0	3.8	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	560	350	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	400	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,425	1,525	1,900	3.1	2.8	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	595	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	145	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,385	54,380	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,030	1,050	980	1.8	1.9	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,865	965	900	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,075	555	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
Métis	780	400	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,355	53,335	55,015	98.2	98.1	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,385	54,380	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,085	54,220	55,865	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,740	...	...	57.0	...	...
Renter	21,720	...	...	43.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,720	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not condominium	43,745	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	8,690	...	...	17.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,265	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,095	...	...	31.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,205	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,830	...	...	39.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,950	...	...	17.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,355	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,315	...	...	10.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,020	...	...	21.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,165	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,950	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,510	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,880	...	...	11.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,140	...	...	24.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,135	...	...	14.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,630	...	...	13.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,430	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,105	...	...	10.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,240	...	...	10.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,910	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,955	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,510	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,520	...	...	56.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,845	...	...	41.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,105	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,665	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,445	...	...	14.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,425	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,025	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,340	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,540	...	...	16.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,635	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,395	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,670	...	...	80.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,645	...	...	19.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,130	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,990	...	...	25.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,090	...	...	18.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,300	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,950	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,470	...	...	74.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,975	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	44,825	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.6	...	...	71.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,167	...	...	1,167	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	312,800	...	...	312,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.3	...	...	30.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	883	...	...	883	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,380	54,385	56,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,305	1,105	1,205	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,225	1,065	1,155	2.0	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,955	915	1,040	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis single ancestry	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,110	1,515	1,595	2.8	2.8	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,065	1,490	1,580	2.8	2.7	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,735	1,375	1,365	2.5	2.5	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,960	51,765	53,195	95.1	95.2	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,385	54,380	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,410	53,405	55,005	98.2	98.2	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,085	11,325	10,760	20.0	20.8	19.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,320	42,080	44,240	78.2	77.4	79.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,970	975	995	1.8	1.8	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,385	54,380	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,395	51,370	53,030	94.6	94.5	94.7
Immigrants⁸¹	5,530	2,755	2,775	5.0	5.1	5.0
Before 1980	770	475	290	0.7	0.9	0.5
1980 to 1990	335	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	665	280	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,700	830	870	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,060	965	1,090	1.9	1.8	1.9
2011 to 2015	1,210	540	660	1.1	1.0	1.2
2016 to 2021	855	425	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	455	260	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,530	2,755	2,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	700	380	320	12.7	13.8	11.5
5 to 14 years	1,200	635	565	21.7	23.0	20.4
15 to 24 years	910	405	505	16.5	14.7	18.2
25 to 44 years	2,475	1,200	1,275	44.8	43.6	45.9
45 years and over	240	130	110	4.3	4.7	4.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,530	2,755	2,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,505	665	840	27.2	24.1	30.3
Brazil	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	475	200	275	8.6	7.3	9.9
El Salvador	35	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	340	155	190	6.1	5.6	6.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	125	50	75	2.3	1.8	2.7
Peru	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	175	90	85	3.2	3.3	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	310	150	160	5.6	5.4	5.8
Europe	1,645	875	770	29.7	31.8	27.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Croatia	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
France	705	365	340	12.7	13.2	12.3
Germany	40	25	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Greece	30	25	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Italy	130	95	35	2.4	3.4	1.3
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.7
Portugal	130	50	80	2.4	1.8	2.9
Romania	125	70	50	2.3	2.5	1.8
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	315	165	150	5.7	6.0	5.4
Africa	1,845	940	910	33.4	34.1	32.8
Algeria	220	115	105	4.0	4.2	3.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	45	40	1.5	1.6	1.4
Egypt	45	30	15	0.8	1.1	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	255	155	105	4.6	5.6	3.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,235	595	635	22.3	21.6	22.9
Asia	530	275	260	9.6	10.0	9.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	85	65	15	1.5	2.4	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	1.0	1.1	0.9
Turkey	25	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	105	35	70	1.9	1.3	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	50	30	25	0.9	1.1	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	60	55	2.2	2.2	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	855	425	430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	165	65	100	19.3	15.3	23.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	65	20	40	7.6	4.7	9.3
Haiti	40	25	20	4.7	5.9	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	0	25	3.5	0.0	5.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.9	2.4	3.5
Europe	125	65	60	14.6	15.3	14.0
France	90	55	35	10.5	12.9	8.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	2.3	0.0	3.5
Africa	470	240	225	55.0	56.5	52.3
Algeria	65	25	35	7.6	5.9	8.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	100	65	40	11.7	15.3	9.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	25	15	4.7	5.9	3.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	4.7	5.9	3.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	50	30	20	5.8	7.1	4.7
Other places of birth in Africa	170	70	100	19.9	16.5	23.3
Asia	90	50	45	10.5	11.8	10.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	15	0	1.8	3.5	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	15	3.5	4.7	3.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,380	54,380	56,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,375	3,215	3,160	5.8	5.9	5.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,555	2,880	2,675	5.0	5.3	4.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	98,445	48,290	50,165	89.2	88.8	89.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,760	2,275	2,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,200	1,180	1,020	46.2	51.9	41.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	945	645	300	19.9	28.4	12.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,250	535	715	26.3	23.5	28.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,425	535	895	29.9	23.5	36.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,090	550	540	22.9	24.2	21.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	15	35	1.1	0.7	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,760	2,275	2,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	385	195	190	8.1	8.6	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	355	200	150	7.5	8.8	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	40	65	2.2	1.8	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	55	45	2.2	2.4	1.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,775	1,760	2,010	79.3	77.4	80.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,380	54,385	56,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,985	2,950	3,035	5.4	5.4	5.4
South Asian	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	2,950	1,450	1,505	2.7	2.7	2.7
Filipino	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	930	520	405	0.8	1.0	0.7
Latin American	1,150	505	640	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,395	51,435	52,960	94.6	94.6	94.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,380	54,380	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	41,900	20,365	21,535	38.0	37.4	38.5
English	1,350	615	735	1.2	1.1	1.3
Irish	5,140	2,205	2,935	4.7	4.1	5.2
Scottish	1,685	740	940	1.5	1.4	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,815	12,260	12,555	22.5	22.5	22.4
German	1,370	660	710	1.2	1.2	1.3
Chinese	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	2,835	1,440	1,395	2.6	2.6	2.5
Indian (India)	245	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	425	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	17,845	8,985	8,870	16.2	16.5	15.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	8,945	4,370	4,565	8.1	8.0	8.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,900	1,000	900	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,655	1,325	1,330	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis	665	305	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	930	490	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	725	360	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	405	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	625	270	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	150	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	930	440	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	675	315	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	390	220	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	255	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	235	160	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iranian	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	925	465	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	545	250	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	850	400	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	925	485	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	180	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	580	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	315	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czech	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	265	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazilian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	150	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,380	54,380	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	71,550	34,080	37,470	64.8	62.7	66.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,920	2,495	2,425	4.5	4.6	4.3
Anabaptist	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catholic	63,940	30,230	33,715	57.9	55.6	60.2
Christian Orthodox	375	210	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	565	250	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	255	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,105	585	525	1.0	1.1	0.9
Hindu	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,700	860	845	1.5	1.6	1.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	36,465	19,125	17,340	33.0	35.2	31.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,240	53,845	55,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,290	46,610	47,680	86.3	86.6	86.1
Movers	14,955	7,230	7,720	13.7	13.4	13.9
Non-migrants	6,165	2,995	3,175	5.6	5.6	5.7
Migrants	8,790	4,235	4,550	8.0	7.9	8.2
Internal migrants	8,605	4,135	4,470	7.9	7.7	8.1
Intraprovincial migrants	8,470	4,065	4,405	7.8	7.5	8.0
Interprovincial migrants	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,190	51,345	52,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,665	27,990	27,670	53.4	54.5	52.4
Movers	48,525	23,355	25,165	46.6	45.5	47.6
Non-migrants	15,290	7,205	8,080	14.7	14.0	15.3
Migrants	33,240	16,155	17,085	31.9	31.5	32.3
Internal migrants	32,205	15,610	16,595	30.9	30.4	31.4
Intraprovincial migrants	31,815	15,400	16,420	30.5	30.0	31.1
Interprovincial migrants	390	210	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,035	545	485	1.0	1.1	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,225	44,590	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,910	13,715	11,195	27.3	30.8	24.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,315	30,875	35,440	72.7	69.2	76.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,585	28,955	29,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,695	7,620	5,075	21.7	26.3	17.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,885	21,330	24,555	78.3	73.7	82.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,225	44,590	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,405	11,280	10,120	23.5	25.3	21.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,615	10,145	11,470	23.7	22.8	24.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,205	23,160	25,045	52.8	51.9	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,290	19,245	19,040	42.0	43.2	40.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,005	12,035	7,965	21.9	27.0	17.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,590	7,660	6,930	16.0	17.2	14.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,410	4,375	1,035	5.9	9.8	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,340	6,155	9,185	16.8	13.8	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,950	1,060	1,890	3.2	2.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,915	3,910	6,005	10.9	8.8	12.9
Bachelor's degree	7,125	2,575	4,555	7.8	5.8	9.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,055	505	550	1.2	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	1,445	695	755	1.6	1.6	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,585	28,955	29,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,080	5,855	4,225	17.2	20.2	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,730	5,800	5,935	20.0	20.0	20.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,775	17,300	19,475	62.8	59.7	65.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,905	14,515	14,385	49.3	50.1	48.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,725	9,300	6,425	26.8	32.1	21.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,580	5,965	5,610	19.8	20.6	18.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,155	3,330	820	7.1	11.5	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,195	4,495	6,695	19.1	15.5	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,980	715	1,265	3.4	2.5	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,870	2,790	5,085	13.4	9.6	17.2
Bachelor's degree	5,660	1,825	3,830	9.7	6.3	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	345	465	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	1,165	520	645	2.0	1.8	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,225	44,590	46,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,020	21,430	21,590	47.2	48.1	46.3
Education	3,750	895	2,855	4.1	2.0	6.1
13. Education	3,750	895	2,855	4.1	2.0	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,440	665	775	1.6	1.5	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	205	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145	460	685	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	1,955	695	1,260	2.1	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	35	205	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,200	460	740	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	55	180	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,510	810	2,700	3.8	1.8	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	300	75	230	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,135	50	1,085	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	755	245	510	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	535	140	400	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	665	290	380	0.7	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	10,675	3,370	7,305	11.7	7.6	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	750	160	585	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,905	3,205	6,705	10.9	7.2	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	910	470	435	1.0	1.1	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	95	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	195	165	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,405	970	435	1.5	2.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,200	880	325	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	125	30	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,880	11,025	850	13.0	24.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	685	590	95	0.8	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,200	1,920	280	2.4	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,585	3,465	125	3.9	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,255	3,100	150	3.6	7.0	0.3
48. Precision production	1,960	1,850	105	2.1	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905	455	450	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665	250	410	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	205	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	6,670	1,015	5,655	7.3	2.3	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	155	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,270	845	5,420	6.9	1.9	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,090	2,785	2,305	5.6	6.2	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,395	620	1,780	2.6	1.4	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,050	740	305	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,410	215	1.8	3.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,585	28,950	29,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,810	11,655	10,155	37.2	40.3	34.3
Education	2,610	560	2,050	4.5	1.9	6.9
13. Education	2,610	560	2,050	4.5	1.9	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	430	625	1.8	1.5	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	125	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	870	305	560	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	1,220	400	820	2.1	1.4	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	265	495	1.3	0.9	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	25	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,805	560	2,245	4.8	1.9	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	60	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	30	960	1.7	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	580	160	415	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	440	100	340	0.8	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	485	195	290	0.8	0.7	1.0
Business, management and public administration	8,025	2,395	5,625	13.7	8.3	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	80	460	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,470	2,315	5,155	12.8	8.0	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	605	300	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	70	155	0.4	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	140	115	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,170	830	340	2.0	2.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,020	775	245	1.7	2.7	0.8
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,270	8,525	745	15.8	29.4	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	585	495	90	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,605	1,365	240	2.7	4.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,800	2,700	100	4.8	9.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,640	2,500	135	4.5	8.6	0.5
48. Precision production	1,490	1,390	100	2.5	4.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	680	320	360	1.2	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	505	175	335	0.9	0.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	145	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	5,190	770	4,425	8.9	2.7	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	100	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,870	655	4,215	8.3	2.3	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,125	2,215	1,910	7.0	7.7	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,890	440	1,450	3.2	1.5	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	830	565	265	1.4	2.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,390	1,195	195	2.4	4.1	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,585	28,950	29,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,810	11,655	10,155	37.2	40.3	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,770	17,300	19,470	62.8	59.8	65.7
Location of study inside Canada	35,080	16,460	18,620	59.9	56.9	62.8
Same as province or territory of residence	34,640	16,250	18,395	59.1	56.1	62.1
Different than province or territory of residence	435	210	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,690	840	855	2.9	2.9	2.9
Americas	420	185	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
United States of America	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	655	370	290	1.1	1.3	1.0
Belgium	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	405	245	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	475	220	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisia	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	250	115	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,225	44,595	46,630	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,585	29,675	27,905	...	...	...
Employed	53,715	27,790	25,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,875	1,890	1,985	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,640	14,915	18,730	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	66.5	59.8	63.1	66.5	59.8
Employment rate	58.9	62.3	55.6	58.9	62.3	55.6
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.4	7.1	6.7	6.4	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,225	44,590	46,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,220	14,540	18,675	36.4	32.6	40.0
Worked	58,010	30,045	27,960	63.6	67.4	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,610	16,140	13,465	32.5	36.2	28.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,400	13,905	14,490	31.1	31.2	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.0	40.7	41.4	42.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,585	29,680	27,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	465	595	1.8	1.6	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,530	29,220	27,310	98.2	98.5	97.9
Employee	50,160	25,430	24,730	87.1	85.7	88.6
Permanent position	43,510	22,445	21,075	75.6	75.6	75.5
Temporary position	6,645	2,985	3,660	11.5	10.1	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,100	855	1,245	3.6	2.9	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,540	2,125	2,415	7.9	7.2	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,370	3,790	2,580	11.1	12.8	9.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,585	29,680	27,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	465	595	1.8	1.6	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,530	29,220	27,310	98.2	98.5	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	850	690	165	1.5	2.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,465	2,340	6,125	14.7	7.9	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,920	2,205	710	5.1	7.4	2.5
3 Health occupations	4,555	665	3,890	7.9	2.2	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,785	1,765	5,020	11.8	5.9	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,060	565	495	1.8	1.9	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	15,005	6,430	8,575	26.1	21.7	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,695	11,560	1,140	22.0	38.9	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	760	545	220	1.3	1.8	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,430	2,450	980	6.0	8.3	3.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,585	29,680	27,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	465	595	1.8	1.6	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	56,530	29,220	27,310	98.2	98.5	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	490	280	205	0.9	0.9	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	185	160	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	400	315	85	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	6,295	5,395	895	10.9	18.2	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	6,860	4,805	2,055	11.9	16.2	7.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,035	1,320	720	3.5	4.4	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,940	3,815	4,130	13.8	12.9	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,195	2,380	820	5.5	8.0	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	605	400	200	1.1	1.3	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,110	385	720	1.9	1.3	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	695	355	345	1.2	1.2	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,955	1,550	1,405	5.1	5.2	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,465	1,420	1,045	4.3	4.8	3.7
61 Educational services	3,780	1,050	2,730	6.6	3.5	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	8,700	1,445	7,260	15.1	4.9	26.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	735	385	350	1.3	1.3	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,060	1,260	1,795	5.3	4.2	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,490	1,195	1,295	4.3	4.0	4.6
91 Public administration	2,485	1,275	1,215	4.3	4.3	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,425	31,730	29,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	755	520	240	1.2	1.6	0.8
French	49,395	24,920	24,475	80.4	78.5	82.4
Non-official language	40	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	10,880	6,090	4,790	17.7	19.2	16.1
English and non-official language(s)	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,425	31,730	29,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,695	30,770	28,925	97.2	97.0	97.4
Official languages	59,610	30,725	28,885	97.0	96.8	97.3
English	2,045	1,365	680	3.3	4.3	2.3
French	57,560	29,360	28,205	93.7	92.5	95.0
Non-official languages	90	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,730	960	770	2.8	3.0	2.6
English and French	1,665	925	740	2.7	2.9	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,425	31,730	29,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,875	26,405	25,460	84.5	83.2	85.7
English	8,010	4,370	3,645	13.0	13.8	12.3
French	1,295	830	465	2.1	2.6	1.6
Non-official language	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,710	27,795	25,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,535	3,010	3,525	12.2	10.8	13.6
Worked outside Canada	135	115	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,740	5,990	1,750	14.4	21.6	6.8
Usual place of work	39,305	18,675	20,630	73.2	67.2	79.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,305	18,675	20,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,305	6,730	9,570	41.5	36.0	46.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,290	1,800	2,490	10.9	9.6	12.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,660	10,125	8,535	47.5	54.2	41.4
Commute to a different province or territory	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,045	24,665	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,420	22,965	20,450	92.3	93.1	91.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,200	21,925	19,275	87.6	88.9	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,220	1,045	1,175	4.7	4.2	5.3
Public transit	1,070	465	605	2.3	1.9	2.7
Walked	1,705	740	960	3.6	3.0	4.3
Bicycle	170	135	30	0.4	0.5	0.1
Other method	680	355	325	1.4	1.4	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,045	24,665	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,175	5,715	7,455	28.0	23.2	33.3
15 to 29 minutes	14,875	7,190	7,695	31.6	29.2	34.4
30 to 44 minutes	9,890	5,720	4,170	21.0	23.2	18.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,900	3,145	1,755	10.4	12.8	7.8
60 minutes and over	4,205	2,900	1,305	8.9	11.8	5.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,045	24,665	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,805	4,525	1,285	12.3	18.3	5.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,075	5,580	3,490	19.3	22.6	15.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,335	5,410	6,925	26.2	21.9	30.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,325	2,560	4,765	15.6	10.4	21.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,425	1,750	2,675	9.4	7.1	12.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,085	4,840	3,245	17.2	19.6	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,785	11,645	11,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,055	1,055	1,005	9.0	9.1	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,730	10,595	10,135	91.0	91.0	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,135	8,280	7,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,415	740	675	8.8	8.9	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	900	455	445	5.6	5.5	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	285	230	3.2	3.4	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,720	7,540	7,175	91.2	91.1	91.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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