Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rivière-du-NordMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	122,654	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	112,156	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	57,587	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	54,799	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	345.2	...	...	345.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	355.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	122,655	60,500	62,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,605	10,560	10,040	16.8	17.5	16.2
0 to 4 years	6,550	3,345	3,205	5.3	5.5	5.2
5 to 9 years	7,070	3,600	3,470	5.8	6.0	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,985	3,615	3,370	5.7	6.0	5.4
15 to 64 years	76,675	38,350	38,330	62.5	63.4	61.7
15 to 19 years	5,895	3,005	2,890	4.8	5.0	4.6
20 to 24 years	5,940	3,000	2,940	4.8	5.0	4.7
25 to 29 years	7,555	3,805	3,750	6.2	6.3	6.0
30 to 34 years	7,950	4,005	3,945	6.5	6.6	6.3
35 to 39 years	7,575	3,800	3,770	6.2	6.3	6.1
40 to 44 years	7,920	4,020	3,905	6.5	6.6	6.3
45 to 49 years	7,280	3,650	3,625	5.9	6.0	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,690	3,840	3,850	6.3	6.3	6.2
55 to 59 years	9,300	4,555	4,750	7.6	7.5	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,565	4,655	4,910	7.8	7.7	7.9
65 years and over	25,375	11,590	13,785	20.7	19.2	22.2
65 to 69 years	8,125	3,815	4,310	6.6	6.3	6.9
70 to 74 years	6,645	3,135	3,510	5.4	5.2	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,935	2,295	2,645	4.0	3.8	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,975	1,325	1,650	2.4	2.2	2.7
85 years and over	2,690	1,020	1,670	2.2	1.7	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,735	695	1,040	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	805	280	525	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.2	16.8	17.5	16.2
15 to 64 years	62.5	63.4	61.7	62.5	63.4	61.7
65 years and over	20.7	19.2	22.2	20.7	19.2	22.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.7	2.2	1.7	2.7
Average age of the population	42.9	42.0	43.8	42.9	42.0	43.8
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.8	43.6	42.4	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,160	...	...	51.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,065	...	...	3.8	...	...
Row house	685	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,920	...	...	10.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,340	...	...	29.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,345	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,970	...	...	34.6	...	...
2 persons	19,725	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	7,230	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	5,820	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,055	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,145	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,050	49,940	52,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,515	28,710	28,800	56.4	57.5	55.3
Married	27,265	13,625	13,645	26.7	27.3	26.2
Living common-law	30,245	15,090	15,155	29.6	30.2	29.1
Living common law - Never married	24,035	11,975	12,060	23.6	24.0	23.1
Living common law - Separated	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,135	2,635	2,505	5.0	5.3	4.8
Living common law - Widowed	725	315	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	44,540	21,225	23,315	43.6	42.5	44.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,465	15,975	13,495	28.9	32.0	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,540	665	870	1.5	1.3	1.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,010	3,110	4,905	7.8	6.2	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,520	1,480	4,045	5.4	3.0	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,695	...	...	57.1	...	...
3 persons	6,825	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	5,520	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,450	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,390	...	...	82.3	...	...
Married couples	13,275	...	...	38.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,825	...	...	14.0	...	...
Without children	8,450	...	...	24.5	...	...
Common-law couples	15,115	...	...	43.8	...	...
With children⁶	7,550	...	...	21.9	...	...
Without children	7,570	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,090	...	...	17.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,385	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,705	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,145	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	95,055	47,150	47,905	79.1	79.4	78.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,785	28,330	28,455	47.3	47.7	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	6,095	1,705	4,385	5.1	2.9	7.2
Children⁶	32,180	17,110	15,065	26.8	28.8	24.8
In a two-parent family	22,890	12,060	10,825	19.1	20.3	17.8
In a one-parent family	9,295	5,055	4,240	7.7	8.5	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,090	12,240	12,845	20.9	20.6	21.1
Living alone	18,970	9,010	9,960	15.8	15.2	16.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,425	1,065	1,360	2.0	1.8	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,695	2,165	1,530	3.1	3.6	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,820	...	...	58.1	...	...
Couple-family households	26,610	...	...	48.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,610	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	15,000	...	...	27.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,205	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	760	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,255	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,825	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	18,970	...	...	34.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	99,590	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,555	47,905	49,650	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	35,600	40,000	45,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,570	47,910	49,660	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,000	35,600	39,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,765	43,665	43,100	87.1	89.4	85.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	39,600	25,800	32,000	39,600	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,930	36,375	33,550	70.2	74.5	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,000	34,400	40,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,290	39,335	43,955	83.6	80.5	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	10,500	13,300	12,100	10,500	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,415	7,715	6,700	14.5	15.8	13.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,600	5,480	5,520	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,805	16,480	14,330	30.9	33.7	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	99,585	48,850	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,445	47,825	49,620	97.9	97.9	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	53,450	41,160	47,200	53,450	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,465	47,830	49,635	97.9	97.9	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,440	43,440	35,600	39,440	43,440	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,805	43,630	43,175	87.2	89.3	85.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	47,960	33,000	40,520	47,960	33,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,925	36,290	33,635	70.2	74.3	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,560	35,280	41,640	47,560	35,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,025	39,150	43,875	83.4	80.1	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,020	11,830	14,060	13,020	11,830	14,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,300	7,620	6,680	14.4	15.6	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,830	6,420	7,300	6,830	6,420	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,550	16,270	14,280	30.7	33.3	28.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	7,260	8,410	7,800	7,260	8,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	99,585	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,590	17,140	14,445	31.7	35.1	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	58,800	48,800	54,000	58,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,450	67,600	54,200	61,450	67,600	54,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,880	14,490	15,390	30.0	29.7	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	27,000	17,200	21,000	27,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	35,040	23,440	29,080	35,040	23,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	81.8	69.8	76.6	81.8	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.3	67.6	58.1	63.3	67.6	58.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.5	18.1	30.2	23.5	18.1	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.2	7.1	6.0	5.2	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.6	5.9	5.2	4.6	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	99,590	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,035	950	1,085	2.0	1.9	2.1
With total income	97,555	47,905	49,645	98.0	98.1	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,785	2,395	3,390	5.9	5.0	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,585	4,475	7,110	11.9	9.3	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,245	7,245	10,000	17.7	15.1	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,955	6,230	7,725	14.3	13.0	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,235	6,365	6,865	13.6	13.3	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,415	5,390	5,025	10.7	11.3	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,550	4,350	3,200	7.7	9.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,255	3,150	2,105	5.4	6.6	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,095	2,455	1,640	4.2	5.1	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,680	1,715	965	2.7	3.6	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,755	4,130	1,625	5.9	8.6	3.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,380	3,080	1,300	4.5	6.4	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,375	1,055	325	1.4	2.2	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	99,590	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,020	940	1,075	2.0	1.9	2.1
With after-tax income	97,570	47,910	49,660	98.0	98.1	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,260	2,535	3,725	6.4	5.3	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	12,240	4,775	7,465	12.5	10.0	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	20,425	8,670	11,760	20.9	18.1	23.7
$30,000 to $39,999	17,455	8,345	9,110	17.9	17.4	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	15,345	8,040	7,305	15.7	16.8	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,195	5,820	4,375	10.4	12.1	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,645	3,800	2,845	6.8	7.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	2,395	1,500	4.0	5.0	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,040	1,340	695	2.1	2.8	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,130	785	345	1.2	1.6	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,940	1,415	520	2.0	3.0	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,125	810	320	1.2	1.7	0.6
$125,000 and over	810	615	200	0.8	1.3	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	99,590	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,660	12,480	17,185	29.8	25.5	33.9
With employment income	69,925	36,380	33,550	70.2	74.5	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,275	4,740	4,530	13.3	13.0	13.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,570	2,270	3,295	8.0	6.2	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,815	3,785	5,025	12.6	10.4	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,800	3,415	4,385	11.2	9.4	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,640	3,665	3,970	10.9	10.1	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,500	3,865	3,640	10.7	10.6	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,060	3,455	2,610	8.7	9.5	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,520	2,740	1,780	6.5	7.5	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	2,245	1,310	5.1	6.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,070	1,810	1,260	4.4	5.0	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,895	1,285	605	2.7	3.5	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,240	3,105	1,135	6.1	8.5	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,380	1,695	680	3.4	4.7	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,855	1,405	450	2.7	3.9	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	99,590	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,105	47,165	48,940	96.5	96.5	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	32,000	37,600	44,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,180	47,175	49,000	96.6	96.6	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,200	33,600	38,000	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,640	43,145	42,495	86.0	88.3	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	27,400	33,600	41,200	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,285	36,535	33,750	70.6	74.8	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	29,800	35,200	42,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,870	34,250	40,620	75.2	70.1	80.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,200	10,000	8,800	7,200	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,570	6,865	5,710	12.6	14.1	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,520	4,880	4,680	4,520	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	99,585	48,850	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,075	47,080	49,000	96.5	96.4	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,000	51,850	38,400	45,000	51,850	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,175	47,095	49,085	96.6	96.4	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,400	41,880	33,120	37,400	41,880	33,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,895	43,215	42,680	86.3	88.5	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	49,400	33,600	41,560	49,400	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,520	36,610	33,910	70.8	74.9	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	48,360	35,440	42,160	48,360	35,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,790	34,190	40,600	75.1	70.0	80.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,060	8,950	11,000	10,060	8,950	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,765	6,890	5,875	12.8	14.1	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,470	5,645	7,430	6,470	5,645	7,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	99,585	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,410	17,045	14,360	31.5	34.9	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	56,800	45,600	51,600	56,800	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,600	65,400	50,560	58,600	65,400	50,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,580	13,935	14,650	28.7	28.5	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	32,800	21,600	26,000	32,800	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,520	40,000	27,360	33,520	40,000	27,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	87.4	76.2	82.6	87.4	76.2
Employment income (%)	68.8	72.6	63.9	68.8	72.6	63.9
Government transfers (%)	17.4	12.5	23.8	17.4	12.5	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.3	1.9	1.6	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,900	...	...	83,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,200	...	...	70,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,800	...	...	43,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,960	...	...	36,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,165	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,450	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,310	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,140	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,630	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,720	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,635	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,765	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,300	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,775	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,610	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,320	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,670	...	...	30.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,245	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,085	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,085	...	...	7.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,255	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	345	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	775	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,225	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,745	...	...	6.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,820	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,740	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,185	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,230	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,055	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,390	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,960	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,475	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,975	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,250	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,325	...	...	20.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,490	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,100	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,735	...	...	5.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,665	11,175	11,485	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	40,400	32,800	36,000	40,400	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,200	30,000	32,400	35,200	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	...	...	136,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,590	11,180	11,410	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,640	47,000	38,360	42,640	47,000	38,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,080	38,680	33,560	36,080	38,680	33,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,075	12,325	11,750	20.0	20.8	19.3
0 to 5 years	7,915	4,020	3,890	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years	72,530	36,090	36,435	60.4	60.8	60.0
65 years and over	23,540	10,970	12,565	19.6	18.5	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,035	6,150	7,890	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,395	1,205	1,185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	775	375	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,685	3,160	3,530	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,960	1,785	3,175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.4	13.0	11.7	10.4	13.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	9.8	10.1	9.9	9.8	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	9.3	10.3	9.8	9.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.8	9.7	9.2	8.8	9.7
65 years and over (%)	21.1	16.3	25.3	21.1	16.3	25.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	120,145	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,080	12,325	11,755	20.0	20.8	19.3
0 to 5 years	7,915	4,025	3,895	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years	72,530	36,095	36,435	60.4	60.8	60.0
65 years and over	23,535	10,970	12,565	19.6	18.5	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,110	2,075	2,040	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	595	320	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	85	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,110	1,600	1,510	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	155	250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.4	2.0	1.7	1.4	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	72,005	34,645	37,360	59.9	58.3	61.5
In bottom decile	11,740	5,280	6,455	9.8	8.9	10.6
In second decile	14,390	6,685	7,710	12.0	11.3	12.7
In third decile	15,170	7,325	7,840	12.6	12.3	12.9
In fourth decile	15,740	7,760	7,985	13.1	13.1	13.1
In fifth decile	14,960	7,600	7,370	12.5	12.8	12.1
In top half of the distribution	48,140	24,745	23,390	40.1	41.7	38.5
In sixth decile	13,635	6,970	6,665	11.3	11.7	11.0
In seventh decile	12,235	6,270	5,970	10.2	10.6	9.8
In eighth decile	10,310	5,265	5,040	8.6	8.9	8.3
In ninth decile	7,430	3,890	3,540	6.2	6.5	5.8
In top decile	4,530	2,350	2,180	3.8	4.0	3.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,145	...	...	120,145	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	121,445	59,880	61,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	540	285	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
French only	71,165	32,985	38,180	58.6	55.1	62.0
English and French	49,450	26,475	22,980	40.7	44.2	37.3
Neither English nor French	290	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	121,445	59,880	61,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,000	1,550	1,450	2.5	2.6	2.4
French	116,995	57,615	59,375	96.3	96.2	96.4
English and French	1,180	590	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Neither English nor French	265	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	121,445	59,880	61,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,275	58,755	60,515	98.2	98.1	98.3
Official languages	115,125	56,715	58,405	94.8	94.7	94.9
English	2,325	1,215	1,110	1.9	2.0	1.8
French	112,795	55,505	57,295	92.9	92.7	93.1
Non-official languages	4,150	2,035	2,110	3.4	3.4	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,140	2,040	2,105	3.4	3.4	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	365	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	335	275	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	605	330	275	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,645	1,290	1,355	2.2	2.2	2.2
Albanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	290	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,880	910	970	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	175	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,325	610	715	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,175	1,120	1,050	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and French	1,445	735	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	505	270	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	121,445	59,880	61,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,320	690	630	1.1	1.2	1.0
French	110,300	54,200	56,105	90.8	90.5	91.1
Non-official language	990	480	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	990	480	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	5,410	2,810	2,595	4.5	4.7	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,060	1,020	1,040	1.7	1.7	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,115	550	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	121,445	59,880	61,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,330	58,805	60,520	98.3	98.2	98.3
Official languages	117,390	57,870	59,515	96.7	96.6	96.7
English	2,155	1,115	1,040	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	115,230	56,755	58,475	94.9	94.8	95.0
Non-official languages	1,935	930	1,010	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,935	930	1,010	1.6	1.6	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,320	630	690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Albanian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	905	435	470	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	785	380	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,120	1,070	1,045	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	1,290	670	620	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	600	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	121,450	59,880	61,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	114,485	56,310	58,170	94.3	94.0	94.5
English	3,705	1,935	1,775	3.1	3.2	2.9
French	1,265	625	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,090	550	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,085	550	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	180	90	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	465	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,140	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,990	59,330	60,660	99.9	99.9	99.8
English	49,845	26,840	23,005	41.5	45.2	37.9
French	119,475	59,045	60,425	99.4	99.4	99.5
Non-official languages	8,450	4,085	4,365	7.0	6.9	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,420	4,060	4,360	7.0	6.8	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,065	590	470	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,040	585	455	0.9	1.0	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,030	575	455	0.9	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	530	265	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	390	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,780	2,745	3,035	4.8	4.6	5.0
Albanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	340	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	340	140	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	180	90	100	0.1	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	400	225	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	320	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,885	2,305	2,585	4.1	3.9	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	655	410	245	0.5	0.7	0.4
Portuguese	390	215	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,885	1,720	2,165	3.2	2.9	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	535	260	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	200	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,170	1,110	1,060	1.8	1.9	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,995	1,020	975	1.7	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,160	595	565	1.0	1.0	0.9
Métis	820	415	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	117,975	58,280	59,690	98.2	98.1	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	330	185	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	119,815	59,200	60,615	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,385	...	...	60.9	...	...
Renter	21,410	...	...	39.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,590	...	...	12.0	...	...
Not condominium	48,205	...	...	88.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	9,140	...	...	16.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,390	...	...	33.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,155	...	...	33.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,895	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,975	...	...	36.5	...	...
5 rooms	9,850	...	...	18.0	...	...
6 rooms	6,225	...	...	11.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,990	...	...	10.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,755	...	...	23.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,505	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,245	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,550	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,635	...	...	12.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,920	...	...	23.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,020	...	...	12.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,985	...	...	12.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,000	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,865	...	...	10.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,965	...	...	10.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,395	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,985	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,815	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,325	...	...	55.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,280	...	...	42.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,195	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,615	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,720	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,070	...	...	16.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,025	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,640	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,435	...	...	17.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,840	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,455	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,645	...	...	81.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,015	...	...	18.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,470	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,635	...	...	24.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,415	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,330	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,175	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,165	...	...	75.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	54,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,960	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	49,155	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.4	...	...	71.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,182	...	...	1,182	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	330,800	...	...	330,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,405	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.2	...	...	30.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	883	...	...	883	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,140	59,385	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,445	1,160	1,290	2.0	2.0	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,360	1,115	1,240	2.0	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,025	945	1,080	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis single ancestry	285	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,380	1,650	1,730	2.8	2.8	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,335	1,625	1,715	2.8	2.7	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,020	1,510	1,515	2.5	2.5	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	305	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,320	56,580	57,735	95.2	95.3	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,145	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	118,070	58,355	59,720	98.3	98.3	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,785	12,200	11,585	19.8	20.5	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,290	46,155	48,130	78.5	77.7	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,070	1,030	1,035	1.7	1.7	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,145	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,845	56,195	57,655	94.8	94.6	94.9
Immigrants⁸¹	5,845	2,930	2,915	4.9	4.9	4.8
Before 1980	895	550	345	0.7	0.9	0.6
1980 to 1990	370	215	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	720	315	410	0.6	0.5	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,785	880	910	1.5	1.5	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,065	975	1,090	1.7	1.6	1.8
2011 to 2015	1,155	515	640	1.0	0.9	1.1
2016 to 2021	915	460	455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	445	260	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,845	2,930	2,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	740	400	335	12.7	13.7	11.5
5 to 14 years	1,210	655	555	20.7	22.4	19.1
15 to 24 years	965	415	550	16.5	14.2	18.9
25 to 44 years	2,640	1,305	1,330	45.2	44.5	45.7
45 years and over	290	150	135	5.0	5.1	4.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,845	2,930	2,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,465	665	800	25.1	22.7	27.5
Brazil	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Colombia	445	180	265	7.6	6.1	9.1
El Salvador	35	15	15	0.6	0.5	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	285	135	150	4.9	4.6	5.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	125	50	75	2.1	1.7	2.6
Peru	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United States of America	180	85	90	3.1	2.9	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	340	175	165	5.8	6.0	5.7
Europe	2,045	1,100	940	35.0	37.5	32.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.7
Croatia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
France	960	515	445	16.4	17.6	15.3
Germany	80	45	35	1.4	1.5	1.2
Greece	40	30	10	0.7	1.0	0.3
Hungary	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Italy	145	100	40	2.5	3.4	1.4
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.9
Portugal	105	40	65	1.8	1.4	2.2
Romania	145	85	60	2.5	2.9	2.1
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.8	0.5	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	45	25	1.1	1.5	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	350	185	170	6.0	6.3	5.8
Africa	1,755	885	875	30.0	30.2	30.1
Algeria	230	110	120	3.9	3.8	4.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	35	1.2	1.4	1.2
Egypt	40	30	15	0.7	1.0	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	225	135	95	3.8	4.6	3.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,180	570	610	20.2	19.5	21.0
Asia	585	285	300	10.0	9.7	10.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	105	75	25	1.8	2.6	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.9
Turkey	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	110	35	75	1.9	1.2	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	25	0.7	0.3	0.9
Viet Nam	55	30	30	0.9	1.0	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	65	65	2.1	2.2	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	915	460	450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	65	115	19.1	14.1	25.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	65	20	45	7.1	4.3	10.0
Haiti	40	25	15	4.4	5.4	3.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	0	25	2.7	0.0	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.7	2.2	3.3
Europe	175	105	75	19.1	22.8	16.7
France	125	75	50	13.7	16.3	11.1
Germany	10	10	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	15	3.3	2.2	3.3
Africa	470	245	220	51.4	53.3	48.9
Algeria	65	30	35	7.1	6.5	7.8
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	100	65	35	10.9	14.1	7.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	20	10	2.7	4.3	2.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	30	10	4.9	6.5	2.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	30	20	4.9	6.5	4.4
Other places of birth in Africa	185	75	105	20.2	16.3	23.3
Asia	100	50	45	10.9	10.9	10.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	10	0	2.2	2.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15	3.8	3.3	3.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,710	3,395	3,315	5.6	5.7	5.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,715	3,040	2,675	4.8	5.1	4.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	107,715	52,955	54,760	89.7	89.2	90.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,950	2,380	2,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,380	1,275	1,095	48.1	53.6	42.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,055	710	345	21.3	29.8	13.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,325	565	755	26.8	23.7	29.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,475	560	915	29.8	23.5	35.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,045	530	515	21.1	22.3	20.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	10	40	1.0	0.4	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,950	2,380	2,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	335	170	160	6.8	7.1	6.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	230	205	8.8	9.7	8.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	40	65	2.1	1.7	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	60	50	2.4	2.5	1.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,925	1,855	2,070	79.3	77.9	80.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,690	2,815	2,875	4.7	4.7	4.7
South Asian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	195	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	2,730	1,350	1,380	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	885	505	380	0.7	0.9	0.6
Latin American	1,130	500	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Southeast Asian	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,450	56,575	57,875	95.3	95.3	95.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,140	59,390	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	44,545	21,690	22,850	37.1	36.5	37.6
English	1,815	890	920	1.5	1.5	1.5
Irish	5,900	2,545	3,355	4.9	4.3	5.5
Scottish	1,940	900	1,045	1.6	1.5	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,990	14,550	14,440	24.1	24.5	23.8
German	1,620	810	815	1.3	1.4	1.3
Chinese	265	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	3,170	1,620	1,550	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indian (India)	250	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	540	255	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Québécois	18,715	9,355	9,360	15.6	15.8	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	9,540	4,705	4,835	7.9	7.9	8.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,185	1,135	1,050	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,810	1,385	1,420	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis	710	315	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,340	725	615	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	260	95	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	645	345	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
American	490	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	660	300	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	175	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,090	520	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	610	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	350	195	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	315	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	275	170	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	945	470	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	645	300	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	850	425	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	790	425	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	310	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	260	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	555	265	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Moroccan	245	160	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czech	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	190	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	200	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	185	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	255	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	215	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	75	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,140	59,390	60,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	77,455	37,080	40,380	64.5	62.4	66.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,030	2,545	2,485	4.2	4.3	4.1
Anabaptist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	69,570	33,040	36,530	57.9	55.6	60.1
Christian Orthodox	415	230	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	610	275	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,045	585	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hindu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	1,610	810	800	1.3	1.4	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	330	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	40,420	21,175	19,245	33.6	35.7	31.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,975	58,800	60,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	102,730	51,000	51,730	86.3	86.7	86.0
Movers	16,245	7,800	8,445	13.7	13.3	14.0
Non-migrants	6,285	3,045	3,245	5.3	5.2	5.4
Migrants	9,960	4,760	5,205	8.4	8.1	8.6
Internal migrants	9,735	4,640	5,095	8.2	7.9	8.5
Intraprovincial migrants	9,595	4,580	5,020	8.1	7.8	8.3
Interprovincial migrants	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,605	56,150	57,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,940	30,860	30,080	53.6	55.0	52.4
Movers	52,670	25,290	27,375	46.4	45.0	47.6
Non-migrants	15,140	7,055	8,080	13.3	12.6	14.1
Migrants	37,530	18,235	19,295	33.0	32.5	33.6
Internal migrants	36,430	17,660	18,765	32.1	31.5	32.7
Intraprovincial migrants	36,030	17,440	18,590	31.7	31.1	32.4
Interprovincial migrants	395	220	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,100	570	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,585	48,855	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,990	13,890	11,095	25.1	28.4	21.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,595	34,965	39,635	74.9	71.6	78.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,285	31,845	32,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,550	7,700	4,850	19.5	24.2	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,740	24,145	27,595	80.5	75.8	85.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,585	48,850	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,440	11,405	10,030	21.5	23.3	19.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,475	11,025	12,450	23.6	22.6	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,675	26,420	28,255	54.9	54.1	55.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,970	21,320	20,650	42.1	43.6	40.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,145	12,830	8,310	21.2	26.3	16.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,360	8,100	7,260	15.4	16.6	14.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,785	4,725	1,050	5.8	9.7	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,310	7,150	10,155	17.4	14.6	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,510	1,335	2,180	3.5	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,705	5,105	7,605	12.8	10.5	15.0
Bachelor's degree	9,030	3,410	5,620	9.1	7.0	11.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,330	620	715	1.3	1.3	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,910	850	1,050	1.9	1.7	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,290	31,840	32,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,885	5,875	4,010	15.4	18.5	12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,555	6,220	6,330	19.5	19.5	19.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,845	19,745	22,105	65.1	62.0	68.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,785	16,135	15,650	49.4	50.7	48.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,685	9,975	6,710	26.0	31.3	20.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,195	6,310	5,890	19.0	19.8	18.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,490	3,670	825	7.0	11.5	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,680	5,220	7,465	19.7	16.4	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,415	940	1,475	3.8	3.0	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,065	3,605	6,455	15.7	11.3	19.9
Bachelor's degree	7,140	2,425	4,720	11.1	7.6	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,040	415	625	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	65	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	1,530	625	910	2.4	2.0	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	99,590	48,850	50,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,915	22,435	22,480	45.1	45.9	44.3
Education	4,430	1,085	3,350	4.4	2.2	6.6
13. Education	4,430	1,085	3,350	4.4	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,690	770	925	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	275	195	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,420	575	845	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,305	810	1,495	2.3	1.7	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	40	285	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,355	540	820	1.4	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	310	75	235	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,065	1,055	3,015	4.1	2.2	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	115	265	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,205	60	1,140	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	895	300	595	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	15	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	635	165	470	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	790	385	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	12,255	4,030	8,225	12.3	8.2	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	185	730	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,325	3,840	7,485	11.4	7.9	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,135	585	550	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	135	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	240	200	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,520	1,070	450	1.5	2.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,285	955	330	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	125	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,010	12,080	935	13.1	24.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	265	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	940	815	120	0.9	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,440	2,140	305	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,790	3,660	140	3.8	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,480	3,320	160	3.5	6.8	0.3
48. Precision production	2,095	1,995	100	2.1	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,040	535	505	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	755	305	450	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	225	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	7,580	1,250	6,330	7.6	2.6	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	165	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,100	1,060	6,040	7.1	2.2	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,615	3,165	2,450	5.6	6.5	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,565	700	1,870	2.6	1.4	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,245	905	340	1.3	1.9	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,785	1,545	240	1.8	3.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,285	31,840	32,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,440	12,095	10,340	34.9	38.0	31.9
Education	3,160	685	2,475	4.9	2.2	7.6
13. Education	3,160	685	2,475	4.9	2.2	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250	500	750	1.9	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	120	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	385	690	1.7	1.2	2.1
Humanities	1,455	480	975	2.3	1.5	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	25	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	880	335	545	1.4	1.1	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	200	35	160	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,250	725	2,525	5.1	2.3	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	85	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	30	1,015	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	690	200	495	1.1	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	520	115	410	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	575	270	305	0.9	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	9,185	2,835	6,350	14.3	8.9	19.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	95	565	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,515	2,730	5,785	13.2	8.6	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	770	365	405	1.2	1.1	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	90	220	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	170	135	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,265	895	370	2.0	2.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,105	840	270	1.7	2.6	0.8
25. Library science	100	15	80	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,230	9,400	830	15.9	29.5	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	225	130	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	795	675	120	1.2	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,830	1,555	275	2.8	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,955	2,840	115	4.6	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,835	2,695	135	4.4	8.5	0.4
48. Precision production	1,605	1,510	95	2.5	4.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	805	395	415	1.3	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	585	220	365	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	175	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	5,895	920	4,980	9.2	2.9	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	110	220	0.5	0.3	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,510	795	4,715	8.6	2.5	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,565	2,540	2,025	7.1	8.0	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	510	1,520	3.2	1.6	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	995	705	280	1.5	2.2	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,520	1,310	215	2.4	4.1	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,285	31,840	32,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,440	12,095	10,340	34.9	38.0	31.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,850	19,745	22,105	65.1	62.0	68.1
Location of study inside Canada	39,965	18,790	21,175	62.2	59.0	65.3
Same as province or territory of residence	39,415	18,525	20,885	61.3	58.2	64.4
Different than province or territory of residence	550	260	290	0.9	0.8	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,880	950	930	2.9	3.0	2.9
Americas	460	210	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
United States of America	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	830	465	365	1.3	1.5	1.1
Belgium	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	510	300	210	0.8	0.9	0.6
Germany	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	440	210	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	230	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Asia	145	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	99,585	48,850	50,735	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,985	32,400	30,580	...	...	...
Employed	58,710	30,335	28,380	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,270	2,070	2,205	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,605	16,455	20,150	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.2	66.3	60.3	63.2	66.3	60.3
Employment rate	59.0	62.1	55.9	59.0	62.1	55.9
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.4	7.2	6.8	6.4	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	99,590	48,850	50,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,955	15,960	20,000	36.1	32.7	39.4
Worked	63,630	32,895	30,735	63.9	67.3	60.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,375	17,665	14,715	32.5	36.2	29.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,255	15,230	16,025	31.4	31.2	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.0	40.7	41.4	42.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,985	32,400	30,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,175	520	655	1.9	1.6	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,810	31,880	29,930	98.1	98.4	97.9
Employee	54,255	27,360	26,890	86.1	84.4	87.9
Permanent position	46,870	24,070	22,805	74.4	74.3	74.6
Temporary position	7,385	3,290	4,095	11.7	10.2	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,240	840	1,400	3.6	2.6	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,140	2,450	2,690	8.2	7.6	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,555	4,525	3,035	12.0	14.0	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,985	32,400	30,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,175	520	655	1.9	1.6	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,810	31,880	29,930	98.1	98.4	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,105	890	215	1.8	2.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,240	2,575	6,665	14.7	7.9	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,395	2,615	780	5.4	8.1	2.6
3 Health occupations	5,180	815	4,365	8.2	2.5	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,785	2,110	5,670	12.4	6.5	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,270	670	600	2.0	2.1	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	16,180	7,000	9,185	25.7	21.6	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,355	12,135	1,220	21.2	37.5	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	795	565	225	1.3	1.7	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,505	2,510	1,000	5.6	7.7	3.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,985	32,400	30,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,175	520	655	1.9	1.6	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	61,810	31,880	29,930	98.1	98.4	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	505	300	210	0.8	0.9	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	175	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	450	335	115	0.7	1.0	0.4
23 Construction	6,755	5,760	990	10.7	17.8	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	7,080	4,975	2,100	11.2	15.4	6.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,170	1,430	735	3.4	4.4	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	8,750	4,270	4,480	13.9	13.2	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,390	2,515	875	5.4	7.8	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	715	490	225	1.1	1.5	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,220	430	790	1.9	1.3	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	805	410	395	1.3	1.3	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,455	1,875	1,580	5.5	5.8	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,555	1,430	1,125	4.1	4.4	3.7
61 Educational services	4,470	1,270	3,195	7.1	3.9	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,550	1,645	7,905	15.2	5.1	25.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845	450	390	1.3	1.4	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,335	1,365	1,970	5.3	4.2	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,605	1,215	1,390	4.1	3.8	4.5
91 Public administration	2,910	1,505	1,405	4.6	4.6	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,290	34,685	32,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,035	700	330	1.5	2.0	1.0
French	53,165	26,615	26,550	79.0	76.7	81.4
Non-official language	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	12,690	7,160	5,525	18.9	20.6	16.9
English and non-official language(s)	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	90	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,290	34,685	32,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,315	33,570	31,750	97.1	96.8	97.4
Official languages	65,230	33,510	31,715	96.9	96.6	97.3
English	2,620	1,740	880	3.9	5.0	2.7
French	62,605	31,770	30,835	93.0	91.6	94.6
Non-official languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,975	1,115	850	2.9	3.2	2.6
English and French	1,910	1,090	820	2.8	3.1	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,290	34,685	32,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,155	28,445	27,715	83.5	82.0	85.0
English	9,275	5,085	4,185	13.8	14.7	12.8
French	1,605	1,035	570	2.4	3.0	1.7
Non-official language	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,710	30,335	28,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,675	3,555	4,115	13.1	11.7	14.5
Worked outside Canada	135	110	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,100	6,265	1,835	13.8	20.7	6.5
Usual place of work	42,795	20,400	22,400	72.9	67.2	78.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,800	20,400	22,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,535	6,950	9,585	38.6	34.1	42.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,375	2,685	3,690	14.9	13.2	16.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,815	10,720	9,095	46.3	52.5	40.6
Commute to a different province or territory	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,895	26,665	24,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	47,375	24,950	22,425	93.1	93.6	92.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,910	23,800	21,105	88.2	89.3	87.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,465	1,150	1,315	4.8	4.3	5.4
Public transit	1,020	460	560	2.0	1.7	2.3
Walked	1,600	725	880	3.1	2.7	3.6
Bicycle	185	150	35	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other method	725	390	335	1.4	1.5	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,895	26,665	24,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,865	6,155	7,705	27.2	23.1	31.8
15 to 29 minutes	16,915	7,960	8,955	33.2	29.9	37.0
30 to 44 minutes	10,370	6,055	4,310	20.4	22.7	17.8
45 to 59 minutes	5,265	3,310	1,955	10.3	12.4	8.1
60 minutes and over	4,485	3,180	1,300	8.8	11.9	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,895	26,665	24,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,880	4,635	1,240	11.6	17.4	5.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,385	5,855	3,525	18.4	22.0	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,725	6,005	7,715	27.0	22.5	31.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,375	2,980	5,395	16.5	11.2	22.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,965	2,030	2,935	9.8	7.6	12.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,575	5,155	3,420	16.8	19.3	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,490	12,540	11,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,220	1,135	1,085	9.1	9.1	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,270	11,405	10,865	90.9	90.9	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,485	8,965	8,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,545	800	745	8.8	8.9	8.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	950	480	470	5.4	5.4	5.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	320	275	3.4	3.6	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,935	8,165	7,770	91.1	91.1	91.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table