Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rivière-des-Mille-ÎlesMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	104,960	51,430	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,740	9,620	9,120	17.9	18.7	17.0
0 to 4 years	5,530	2,890	2,645	5.3	5.6	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,370	3,250	3,120	6.1	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,835	3,480	3,350	6.5	6.8	6.3
15 to 64 years	66,405	32,940	33,465	63.3	64.0	62.5
15 to 19 years	6,015	3,170	2,845	5.7	6.2	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,565	2,945	2,620	5.3	5.7	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,460	2,770	2,690	5.2	5.4	5.0
30 to 34 years	5,810	2,835	2,970	5.5	5.5	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,350	3,025	3,325	6.0	5.9	6.2
40 to 44 years	7,005	3,410	3,590	6.7	6.6	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,815	3,360	3,450	6.5	6.5	6.4
50 to 54 years	7,025	3,435	3,590	6.7	6.7	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,295	4,080	4,220	7.9	7.9	7.9
60 to 64 years	8,070	3,910	4,165	7.7	7.6	7.8
65 years and over	19,810	8,870	10,945	18.9	17.2	20.4
65 to 69 years	6,345	3,020	3,325	6.0	5.9	6.2
70 to 74 years	5,345	2,445	2,895	5.1	4.8	5.4
75 to 79 years	4,035	1,755	2,285	3.8	3.4	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,175	945	1,235	2.1	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	1,910	700	1,205	1.8	1.4	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,245	475	770	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	550	200	350	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.7	17.0	17.9	18.7	17.0
15 to 64 years	63.3	64.0	62.5	63.3	64.0	62.5
65 years and over	18.9	17.2	20.4	18.9	17.2	20.4
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
Average age of the population	41.9	40.8	43.0	41.9	40.8	43.0
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.4	43.2	42.0	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,760	...	...	55.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,585	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	1,465	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,100	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,110	...	...	30.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,955	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	14,930	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 persons	6,550	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	5,940	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,260	...	...	7.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,580	50,925	52,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,220	41,810	44,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,870	25,390	25,480	59.0	60.7	57.4
Married	30,230	15,085	15,140	35.1	36.1	34.1
Living common-law	20,645	10,300	10,345	23.9	24.6	23.3
Living common law - Never married	16,145	8,000	8,145	18.7	19.1	18.3
Living common law - Separated	210	105	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,880	2,030	1,850	4.5	4.9	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	395	165	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	35,350	16,420	18,930	41.0	39.3	42.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,725	12,690	11,040	27.5	30.4	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,180	505	670	1.4	1.2	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,040	2,175	3,870	7.0	5.2	8.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,400	1,055	3,350	5.1	2.5	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,310	...	...	50.8	...	...
3 persons	6,385	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	5,800	...	...	19.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,625	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,105	...	...	83.3	...	...
Married couples	14,780	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,280	...	...	24.2	...	...
Without children	7,505	...	...	24.9	...	...
Common-law couples	10,325	...	...	34.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,505	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	4,815	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,020	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,660	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,580	50,925	52,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,580	43,735	43,845	84.6	85.9	83.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,205	25,070	25,135	48.5	49.2	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,020	1,360	3,665	4.8	2.7	7.0
Children⁶	32,355	17,310	15,050	31.2	34.0	28.6
In a two-parent family	24,785	13,100	11,675	23.9	25.7	22.2
In a one-parent family	7,575	4,210	3,370	7.3	8.3	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,995	7,185	8,805	15.4	14.1	16.7
Living alone	11,955	5,160	6,795	11.5	10.1	12.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,950	835	1,120	1.9	1.6	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,090	1,195	895	2.0	2.3	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,655	...	...	64.9	...	...
Couple-family households	23,385	...	...	54.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,925	...	...	28.0	...	...
Without children	11,465	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,265	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	875	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	895	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,095	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	11,950	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,840	41,310	43,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,560	40,195	42,365	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,600	38,800	44,000	49,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,580	40,200	42,380	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,580	37,670	37,915	89.1	91.2	87.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,600	29,200	36,000	43,600	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,210	32,200	30,010	73.3	77.9	68.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	33,200	38,400	44,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,870	30,460	36,410	78.8	73.7	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,800	12,400	11,300	9,800	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,080	5,015	5,065	11.9	12.1	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,720	5,480	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,290	13,240	12,050	29.8	32.1	27.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,895	41,315	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,575	40,195	42,380	97.3	97.3	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,650	61,650	46,080	53,650	61,650	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,595	40,200	42,390	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	48,800	38,880	43,720	48,800	38,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,630	37,745	37,885	89.1	91.4	86.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	56,500	38,440	47,440	56,500	38,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,250	32,250	30,000	73.3	78.1	68.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	53,700	40,480	47,320	53,700	40,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,875	30,350	36,520	78.8	73.5	83.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,590	11,390	13,580	12,590	11,390	13,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,860	4,965	4,890	11.6	12.0	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,080	7,940	7,000	6,080	7,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,245	13,115	12,130	29.7	31.7	27.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,920	7,520	8,350	7,920	7,520	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,895	41,315	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,620	16,090	13,540	34.9	38.9	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	68,500	54,400	62,400	68,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,200	79,300	61,550	71,200	79,300	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,645	12,270	13,380	30.2	29.7	30.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,000	17,600	19,200	22,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	32,960	25,340	29,000	32,960	25,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	86.0	74.6	81.0	86.0	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	70.0	62.2	66.6	70.0	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	14.0	25.4	19.0	14.0	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.4	6.2	5.2	4.4	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.2	4.5	4.0	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,840	41,305	43,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,280	1,115	1,165	2.7	2.7	2.7
With total income	82,560	40,195	42,365	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,220	2,215	3,005	6.3	5.5	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,050	3,610	5,440	11.0	9.0	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,520	5,080	7,440	15.2	12.6	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,545	4,620	5,930	12.8	11.5	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,285	4,785	5,505	12.5	11.9	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,565	4,150	4,415	10.4	10.3	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,600	3,530	3,070	8.0	8.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,035	2,880	2,160	6.1	7.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	2,340	1,835	5.1	5.8	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,790	1,670	1,120	3.4	4.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,760	5,310	2,455	9.4	13.2	5.8
$100,000 to $149,999	5,470	3,610	1,855	6.6	9.0	4.4
$150,000 and over	2,295	1,695	595	2.8	4.2	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,840	41,305	43,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,260	1,100	1,160	2.7	2.7	2.7
With after-tax income	82,580	40,200	42,380	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,675	2,330	3,350	6.9	5.8	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,555	3,850	5,705	11.6	9.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,835	6,115	8,725	18.0	15.2	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,315	6,160	7,155	16.1	15.3	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,345	6,100	6,245	14.9	15.2	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,090	4,875	4,210	11.0	12.1	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,540	3,665	2,870	7.9	9.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,120	2,375	1,745	5.0	5.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,455	1,500	955	3.0	3.7	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,465	990	475	1.8	2.5	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,185	2,240	945	3.9	5.6	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,710	1,150	560	2.1	2.9	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,475	1,090	390	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,840	41,305	43,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,635	9,105	13,530	26.7	22.0	31.1
With employment income	62,210	32,200	30,010	73.3	78.0	68.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,165	4,295	3,870	13.1	13.3	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,955	2,155	2,795	8.0	6.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,475	3,345	4,135	12.0	10.4	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,740	2,470	3,270	9.2	7.7	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,795	2,645	3,150	9.3	8.2	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,005	2,840	3,165	9.7	8.8	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,155	2,680	2,475	8.3	8.3	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	2,360	1,850	6.8	7.3	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,545	2,090	1,455	5.7	6.5	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	1,810	1,405	5.2	5.6	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,300	700	3.2	4.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,955	4,215	1,740	9.6	13.1	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,930	1,995	930	4.7	6.2	3.1
$125,000 and over	3,025	2,220	805	4.9	6.9	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,840	41,310	43,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,900	39,305	41,590	95.4	95.1	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,800	36,400	42,000	48,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,955	39,310	41,645	95.4	95.2	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,800	37,200	42,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,390	37,115	37,275	87.7	89.8	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,600	31,000	38,000	45,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,090	32,045	30,045	73.2	77.6	69.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,400	34,400	40,000	46,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,315	25,915	33,400	69.9	62.7	76.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,280	9,000	7,800	5,280	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,570	4,280	4,290	10.1	10.4	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,160	5,200	4,520	4,160	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,895	41,315	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,875	39,235	41,640	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	61,600	43,640	52,350	61,600	43,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,945	39,240	41,700	95.3	95.0	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,200	36,600	42,240	48,200	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,445	37,145	37,300	87.7	89.9	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	59,250	39,240	49,240	59,250	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,160	32,055	30,100	73.2	77.6	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	55,200	41,000	48,320	55,200	41,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,310	25,680	33,635	69.9	62.2	77.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,590	8,390	10,510	9,590	8,390	10,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,300	4,090	4,215	9.8	9.9	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,390	8,380	6,910	5,390	8,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,895	41,315	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,470	15,985	13,490	34.7	38.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	67,500	51,200	59,200	67,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100	76,600	58,100	68,100	76,600	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,295	11,620	12,670	28.6	28.1	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,000	22,400	24,800	29,000	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	39,960	30,120	34,800	39,960	30,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.0	80.6	86.6	91.0	80.6
Employment income (%)	71.0	73.2	68.0	71.0	73.2	68.0
Government transfers (%)	13.4	8.9	19.5	13.4	8.9	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	1.9	1.4	0.9	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250	...	...	51,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,040	...	...	42,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	535	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,270	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,660	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,620	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,620	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,680	...	...	41.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,560	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,990	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,570	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,560	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,985	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,565	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,995	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,980	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,995	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,860	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,510	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,270	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,870	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,055	...	...	30.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,455	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,340	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,265	...	...	10.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,040	6,350	7,690	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,000	36,800	40,800	46,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,600	33,200	36,000	39,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,700	...	...	124,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,600	...	...	156,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,030	6,425	7,610	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,600	54,850	45,160	49,600	54,850	45,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	44,000	38,240	40,880	44,000	38,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,580	50,925	52,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,410	11,555	10,860	21.6	22.7	20.6
0 to 5 years	6,800	3,520	3,275	6.6	6.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	62,590	30,895	31,705	60.4	60.7	60.2
65 years and over	18,575	8,480	10,095	17.9	16.7	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,710	3,195	4,515	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,435	735	695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	470	230	240	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,565	1,665	1,905	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,705	795	1,915	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	6.3	8.6	7.4	6.3	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	6.6	7.2	6.9	6.6	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.0
65 years and over (%)	14.6	9.3	19.0	14.6	9.3	19.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,580	50,925	52,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,410	11,555	10,860	21.6	22.7	20.6
0 to 5 years	6,800	3,520	3,275	6.6	6.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	62,590	30,890	31,705	60.4	60.7	60.2
65 years and over	18,575	8,480	10,095	17.9	16.7	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,690	1,670	2,025	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	650	340	310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	95	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,250	1,100	1,150	...	...	...
65 years and over	790	230	565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
65 years and over (%)	4.3	2.7	5.6	4.3	2.7	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,580	50,925	52,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,380	24,330	27,055	49.6	47.8	51.4
In bottom decile	6,420	2,725	3,690	6.2	5.4	7.0
In second decile	8,830	3,935	4,895	8.5	7.7	9.3
In third decile	11,150	5,355	5,795	10.8	10.5	11.0
In fourth decile	12,360	6,050	6,315	11.9	11.9	12.0
In fifth decile	12,625	6,265	6,365	12.2	12.3	12.1
In top half of the distribution	52,195	26,595	25,600	50.4	52.2	48.6
In sixth decile	12,530	6,275	6,255	12.1	12.3	11.9
In seventh decile	11,510	5,840	5,665	11.1	11.5	10.8
In eighth decile	11,115	5,665	5,450	10.7	11.1	10.4
In ninth decile	9,560	4,915	4,650	9.2	9.7	8.8
In top decile	7,475	3,895	3,580	7.2	7.6	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,575	...	...	103,575	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,615	51,295	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,315	2,240	2,075	4.1	4.4	3.9
French only	41,555	18,410	23,150	39.7	35.9	43.4
English and French	57,725	30,165	27,555	55.2	58.8	51.7
Neither English nor French	1,025	480	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,615	51,295	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,720	6,035	5,690	11.2	11.8	10.7
French	88,205	42,940	45,270	84.3	83.7	84.9
English and French	3,705	1,870	1,840	3.5	3.6	3.5
Neither English nor French	985	450	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,615	51,295	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,755	49,305	51,455	96.3	96.1	96.5
Official languages	88,305	43,170	45,135	84.4	84.2	84.6
English	7,155	3,680	3,475	6.8	7.2	6.5
French	81,145	39,490	41,660	77.6	77.0	78.1
Non-official languages	12,450	6,135	6,315	11.9	12.0	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,450	6,135	6,315	11.9	12.0	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,570	1,330	1,240	2.5	2.6	2.3
Berber languages	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	240	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,285	1,180	1,105	2.2	2.3	2.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,145	1,110	1,035	2.1	2.2	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	400	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,070	3,990	4,075	7.7	7.8	7.6
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	680	305	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	675	305	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	350	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,145	1,080	1,065	2.1	2.1	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,095	1,055	1,040	2.0	2.1	2.0
German	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,970	1,000	975	1.9	1.9	1.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	645	330	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,890	1,920	1,965	3.7	3.7	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	700	395	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Portuguese	480	225	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	775	375	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Spanish	1,925	920	1,000	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	285	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	265	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lao	245	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,860	1,990	1,870	3.7	3.9	3.5
English and French	1,890	980	905	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	460	245	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,055	520	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,615	51,295	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,340	3,215	3,125	6.1	6.3	5.9
French	77,425	37,720	39,705	74.0	73.5	74.5
Non-official language	4,375	2,155	2,215	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,375	2,155	2,215	4.2	4.2	4.2
English and French	7,425	3,790	3,630	7.1	7.4	6.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,515	750	765	1.4	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	4,105	1,925	2,180	3.9	3.8	4.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,265	1,650	1,620	3.1	3.2	3.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,615	51,295	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,350	49,195	51,155	95.9	95.9	95.9
Official languages	93,235	45,690	47,545	89.1	89.1	89.2
English	9,135	4,635	4,505	8.7	9.0	8.4
French	84,100	41,060	43,040	80.4	80.0	80.7
Non-official languages	7,115	3,505	3,610	6.8	6.8	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,115	3,505	3,610	6.8	6.8	6.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,195	590	605	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,110	550	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	970	475	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,065	2,505	2,555	4.8	4.9	4.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	160	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	425	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	420	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	265	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,985	1,010	975	1.9	2.0	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,985	1,005	975	1.9	2.0	1.8
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,965	1,000	965	1.9	1.9	1.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	425	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	260	130	135	0.2	0.3	0.3
Dari	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,910	920	990	1.8	1.8	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	550	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,100	535	565	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,265	2,095	2,165	4.1	4.1	4.1
English and French	1,990	995	1,000	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	1,350	660	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,615	51,295	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,560	44,790	46,765	87.5	87.3	87.7
English	4,875	2,505	2,375	4.7	4.9	4.5
French	3,035	1,485	1,555	2.9	2.9	2.9
Non-official language	2,780	1,305	1,470	2.7	2.5	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,780	1,310	1,475	2.7	2.6	2.8
English and French	665	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	915	465	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	575	285	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,620	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,595	50,475	52,115	99.0	99.1	99.0
English	61,915	32,340	29,580	59.8	63.5	56.2
French	98,330	48,290	50,045	94.9	94.8	95.0
Non-official languages	19,860	9,495	10,365	19.2	18.6	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,855	9,495	10,360	19.2	18.6	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,330	2,230	2,100	4.2	4.4	4.0
Berber languages	475	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	405	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamazight	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,060	2,110	1,945	3.9	4.1	3.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,620	1,875	1,745	3.5	3.7	3.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	440	235	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	410	185	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,155	575	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haitian Creole	1,040	505	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,975	6,120	6,855	12.5	12.0	13.0
Albanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	415	180	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Balto-Slavic languages	1,095	555	545	1.1	1.1	1.0
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,085	550	540	1.0	1.1	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	690	340	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,775	1,390	1,385	2.7	2.7	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,745	1,370	1,375	2.6	2.7	2.6
German	435	245	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	2,305	1,125	1,180	2.2	2.2	2.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	640	345	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	805	405	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	330	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	500	245	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	480	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	265	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,705	3,485	4,225	7.4	6.8	8.0
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,600	850	745	1.5	1.7	1.4
Portuguese	700	300	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
Romanian	880	460	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Spanish	4,975	2,070	2,910	4.8	4.1	5.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	490	270	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	70	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	130	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	325	130	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	120	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	340	135	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lao	330	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Thai	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,740	810	930	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,565	735	835	1.5	1.4	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	910	430	470	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis	625	285	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	101,880	50,140	51,740	98.3	98.4	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	415	175	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,200	50,775	52,425	99.6	99.7	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,075	...	...	70.5	...	...
Renter	12,560	...	...	29.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,625	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not condominium	37,005	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,810	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,470	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,940	...	...	35.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,295	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,845	...	...	27.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,205	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,980	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,650	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,955	...	...	32.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,230	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,495	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,140	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,040	...	...	11.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,370	...	...	31.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,585	...	...	20.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,250	...	...	17.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,475	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,215	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,300	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,410	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,680	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,955	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,535	...	...	50.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,045	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,060	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	665	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,935	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,350	...	...	17.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,135	...	...	19.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,685	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,010	...	...	16.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,830	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,030	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,215	...	...	85.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,320	...	...	14.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,955	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,885	...	...	20.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,880	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not suitable only	970	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,755	...	...	79.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,550	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not in core need	39,625	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,040	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.4	...	...	66.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,266	...	...	1,266	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,000	...	...	360,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	404,000	...	...	404,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.9	...	...	28.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	971	...	...	971	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,620	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,080	555	525	1.0	1.1	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,075	555	525	1.0	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	960	480	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,550	1,155	1,395	2.5	2.3	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,545	1,150	1,395	2.5	2.3	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,290	1,050	1,235	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	99,985	49,245	50,745	96.5	96.7	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,090	49,675	51,415	97.6	97.5	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,935	11,295	10,640	21.2	22.2	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,160	38,375	40,780	76.4	75.3	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,530	1,275	1,250	2.4	2.5	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,440	44,810	46,630	88.2	87.9	88.5
Immigrants⁸¹	11,725	5,915	5,810	11.3	11.6	11.0
Before 1980	1,780	940	840	1.7	1.8	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,365	645	720	1.3	1.3	1.4
1991 to 2000	1,850	935	910	1.8	1.8	1.7
2001 to 2010	3,710	1,825	1,890	3.6	3.6	3.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,020	1,565	1,455	2.9	3.1	2.8
2011 to 2015	1,865	995	870	1.8	2.0	1.7
2016 to 2021	1,155	570	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	455	230	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,725	5,915	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,395	755	635	11.9	12.8	10.9
5 to 14 years	2,095	1,095	1,000	17.9	18.5	17.2
15 to 24 years	2,155	1,060	1,100	18.4	17.9	18.9
25 to 44 years	5,460	2,705	2,755	46.6	45.7	47.4
45 years and over	620	300	315	5.3	5.1	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,725	5,915	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,835	1,335	1,495	24.2	22.6	25.7
Brazil	85	15	65	0.7	0.3	1.1
Colombia	310	135	180	2.6	2.3	3.1
El Salvador	115	50	60	1.0	0.8	1.0
Guyana	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Haiti	690	295	395	5.9	5.0	6.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	300	105	195	2.6	1.8	3.4
Peru	115	50	65	1.0	0.8	1.1
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
United States of America	540	345	190	4.6	5.8	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	650	330	320	5.5	5.6	5.5
Europe	3,380	1,825	1,555	28.8	30.9	26.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	925	485	440	7.9	8.2	7.6
Germany	140	80	60	1.2	1.4	1.0
Greece	125	70	55	1.1	1.2	0.9
Hungary	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italy	275	175	100	2.3	3.0	1.7
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	60	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Portugal	215	115	100	1.8	1.9	1.7
Romania	565	295	270	4.8	5.0	4.6
Russian Federation	120	45	75	1.0	0.8	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	90	40	55	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	80	55	1.2	1.4	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	620	330	290	5.3	5.6	5.0
Africa	2,835	1,485	1,355	24.2	25.1	23.3
Algeria	650	340	310	5.5	5.7	5.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	65	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Egypt	315	190	130	2.7	3.2	2.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	800	410	390	6.8	6.9	6.7
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	930	465	470	7.9	7.9	8.1
Asia	2,670	1,270	1,395	22.8	21.5	24.0
Afghanistan	155	75	85	1.3	1.3	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	130	65	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	730	400	330	6.2	6.8	5.7
Syria⁸⁹	195	100	90	1.7	1.7	1.5
Turkey	85	35	40	0.7	0.6	0.7
China⁹⁰	170	65	105	1.4	1.1	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	20	70	0.8	0.3	1.2
Viet Nam	80	30	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	40	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistan	65	30	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	90	45	45	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	745	320	425	6.4	5.4	7.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,155	570	585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	110	130	19.9	19.3	22.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	10	20	2.6	1.8	3.4
Haiti	45	10	35	3.9	1.8	6.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	2.2	0.0	4.3
United States of America	75	60	15	6.5	10.5	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	30	4.3	5.3	5.1
Europe	230	120	100	19.9	21.1	17.1
France	65	40	25	5.6	7.0	4.3
Germany	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Ukraine	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	105	60	45	9.1	10.5	7.7
Africa	335	170	160	29.0	29.8	27.4
Algeria	55	30	20	4.8	5.3	3.4
Burundi	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Cameroon	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	15	1.7	0.0	2.6
Côte d'Ivoire	50	30	25	4.3	5.3	4.3
Egypt	70	45	25	6.1	7.9	4.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	10	35	4.3	1.8	6.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	20	10	2.2	3.5	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	15	2.6	1.8	2.6
Asia	360	165	195	31.2	28.9	33.3
Afghanistan	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	3.0	2.6	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	10	0.9	1.8	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10	2.2	3.5	1.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	75	40	35	6.5	7.0	6.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	35	45	6.9	6.1	7.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	0	40	3.5	0.0	6.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,680	6,390	6,290	12.2	12.5	11.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,965	6,415	6,550	12.5	12.6	12.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	77,975	38,145	39,830	75.3	74.9	75.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,950	4,970	4,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,485	2,925	2,560	55.1	58.9	51.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,425	1,500	925	24.4	30.2	18.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,060	1,425	1,635	30.8	28.7	32.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,750	1,165	1,590	27.6	23.4	32.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,595	835	760	16.0	16.8	15.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	50	70	1.2	1.0	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,950	4,970	4,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	800	445	350	8.0	9.0	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	730	395	335	7.3	7.9	6.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	340	220	120	3.4	4.4	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	295	155	140	3.0	3.1	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	20	45	0.7	0.4	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,720	3,735	3,990	77.6	75.2	80.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,620	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,460	5,590	5,870	11.1	11.0	11.1
South Asian	595	280	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese	475	200	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Black	3,500	1,740	1,760	3.4	3.4	3.3
Filipino	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab	2,890	1,480	1,410	2.8	2.9	2.7
Latin American	1,880	885	1,000	1.8	1.7	1.9
Southeast Asian	1,010	505	500	1.0	1.0	0.9
West Asian	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	315	135	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	92,160	45,360	46,795	88.9	89.0	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,435	15,405	16,030	30.3	30.2	30.4
English	2,330	1,245	1,090	2.2	2.4	2.1
Irish	6,035	2,985	3,055	5.8	5.9	5.8
Scottish	2,610	1,440	1,170	2.5	2.8	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,480	12,185	12,300	23.6	23.9	23.4
German	1,825	935	885	1.8	1.8	1.7
Chinese	700	340	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	5,230	2,660	2,570	5.0	5.2	4.9
Indian (India)	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	455	230	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dutch	250	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Polish	810	395	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Québécois	12,190	5,840	6,355	11.8	11.5	12.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	470	245	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	7,615	3,640	3,975	7.3	7.1	7.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,445	725	720	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,610	745	860	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,280	685	595	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	520	235	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,060	490	570	1.0	1.0	1.1
American	730	345	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	1,090	480	605	1.1	0.9	1.1
Swedish	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	1,310	640	670	1.3	1.3	1.3
Acadian	1,230	570	660	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistani	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	545	280	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	1,725	835	890	1.7	1.6	1.7
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,150	530	615	1.1	1.0	1.2
Greek	1,105	605	500	1.1	1.2	0.9
Jamaican	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	870	420	450	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	1,485	755	735	1.4	1.5	1.4
Iranian	155	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	745	345	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	205	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	895	380	515	0.9	0.7	1.0
Haitian	1,635	795	840	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hindu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	475	205	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	505	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	255	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	400	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	955	490	465	0.9	1.0	0.9
Czech	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Brazilian	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	520	220	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Slovak	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	265	105	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	385	220	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber	335	180	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	440	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	240	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,615	50,950	52,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	565	240	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Christian	67,685	32,415	35,265	65.3	63.6	67.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,525	2,785	2,745	5.3	5.5	5.2
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	375	175	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baptist	450	240	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catholic	56,820	27,045	29,775	54.8	53.1	56.5
Christian Orthodox	2,375	1,245	1,135	2.3	2.4	2.2
Jehovah's Witness	260	95	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,245	550	700	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hindu	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	2,790	1,350	1,440	2.7	2.6	2.7
Muslim	3,755	1,900	1,855	3.6	3.7	3.5
Sikh	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	28,355	14,830	13,530	27.4	29.1	25.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,605	50,405	52,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,965	45,750	47,215	90.6	90.8	90.5
Movers	9,640	4,655	4,980	9.4	9.2	9.5
Non-migrants	3,225	1,495	1,730	3.1	3.0	3.3
Migrants	6,415	3,165	3,250	6.3	6.3	6.2
Internal migrants	6,175	3,035	3,140	6.0	6.0	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	6,060	2,995	3,070	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	240	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,140	48,035	50,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,360	30,830	31,530	63.5	64.2	62.9
Movers	35,775	17,210	18,570	36.5	35.8	37.1
Non-migrants	8,280	3,960	4,320	8.4	8.2	8.6
Migrants	27,500	13,250	14,250	28.0	27.6	28.4
Internal migrants	26,295	12,615	13,675	26.8	26.3	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	25,925	12,460	13,460	26.4	25.9	26.9
Interprovincial migrants	370	155	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,205	635	575	1.2	1.3	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,895	41,315	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,385	8,855	7,530	19.3	21.4	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,510	32,460	36,045	80.7	78.6	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,660	26,680	27,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,220	4,240	2,980	13.2	15.9	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,440	22,440	24,995	86.8	84.1	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,895	41,315	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,530	7,600	6,930	17.1	18.4	15.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,890	9,515	10,375	23.4	23.0	23.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,475	24,205	26,265	59.5	58.6	60.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,680	16,975	16,710	39.7	41.1	38.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,955	8,345	5,610	16.4	20.2	12.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,970	5,150	4,815	11.7	12.5	11.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,990	3,195	795	4.7	7.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,160	7,110	9,055	19.0	17.2	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,565	1,520	2,045	4.2	3.7	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,795	7,230	9,565	19.8	17.5	21.9
Bachelor's degree	11,440	4,855	6,590	13.5	11.8	15.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,610	640	965	1.9	1.5	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360	130	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	3,000	1,390	1,615	3.5	3.4	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	220	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,655	26,685	27,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,915	3,415	2,500	10.8	12.8	8.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,180	5,090	5,095	18.6	19.1	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,560	18,175	20,380	70.6	68.1	72.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,575	12,415	12,155	45.0	46.5	43.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,730	6,340	4,395	19.6	23.8	15.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,750	3,935	3,820	14.2	14.7	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,980	2,405	575	5.5	9.0	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,325	4,990	6,335	20.7	18.7	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,520	1,090	1,435	4.6	4.1	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,985	5,760	8,225	25.6	21.6	29.4
Bachelor's degree	9,515	3,900	5,615	17.4	14.6	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,360	495	865	2.5	1.9	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	55	215	0.5	0.2	0.8
Master's degree	2,535	1,140	1,400	4.6	4.3	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310	175	135	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,895	41,315	43,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,425	17,115	17,310	40.6	41.4	39.7
Education	3,410	630	2,780	4.0	1.5	6.4
13. Education	3,410	630	2,780	4.0	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,885	840	1,045	2.2	2.0	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	175	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,655	665	990	1.9	1.6	2.3
Humanities	2,635	920	1,720	3.1	2.2	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	80	285	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,575	565	1,010	1.9	1.4	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	265	70	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,530	1,240	3,295	5.3	3.0	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	170	445	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	55	960	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	860	300	560	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	695	145	550	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,185	525	660	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	12,730	4,710	8,020	15.0	11.4	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	140	445	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,135	4,565	7,570	14.3	11.0	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,830	900	930	2.2	2.2	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	585	205	385	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	365	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	425	280	140	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,385	1,690	690	2.8	4.1	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,050	1,565	485	2.4	3.8	1.1
25. Library science	145	10	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,925	9,990	935	12.9	24.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	305	190	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,195	1,820	375	2.6	4.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,210	1,990	220	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,630	2,525	105	3.1	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,285	2,205	80	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,300	1,260	35	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	310	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	220	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,695	915	4,775	6.7	2.2	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,235	730	4,505	6.2	1.8	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,770	2,060	1,710	4.4	5.0	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,830	450	1,380	2.2	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	965	760	200	1.1	1.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	950	840	115	1.1	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,660	26,680	27,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,100	8,505	7,590	29.5	31.9	27.1
Education	2,490	455	2,030	4.6	1.7	7.3
13. Education	2,490	455	2,030	4.6	1.7	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,455	620	835	2.7	2.3	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	130	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,275	485	790	2.3	1.8	2.8
Humanities	1,700	575	1,125	3.1	2.2	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	60	245	0.5	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	945	340	605	1.7	1.3	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	40	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,595	880	2,715	6.6	3.3	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	135	380	0.9	0.5	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	835	35	800	1.5	0.1	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	705	230	480	1.3	0.9	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	550	95	455	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	890	365	525	1.6	1.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	9,795	3,480	6,315	17.9	13.0	22.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	95	360	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,335	3,380	5,950	17.1	12.7	21.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,150	570	580	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495	175	320	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	110	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	325	220	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,955	1,385	575	3.6	5.2	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,705	1,305	405	3.1	4.9	1.4
25. Library science	115	0	110	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,535	7,735	800	15.6	29.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	250	155	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,935	1,585	355	3.5	5.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,670	1,490	180	3.1	5.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,000	1,930	70	3.7	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,680	1,615	65	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	995	960	30	1.8	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	225	295	0.9	0.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	415	165	250	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	4,420	670	3,745	8.1	2.5	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	110	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,045	545	3,500	7.4	2.0	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,935	1,585	1,350	5.4	5.9	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,420	340	1,075	2.6	1.3	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	730	570	160	1.3	2.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	775	665	105	1.4	2.5	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,660	26,680	27,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,100	8,505	7,590	29.5	31.9	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,560	18,180	20,385	70.5	68.1	72.9
Location of study inside Canada	34,965	16,365	18,600	64.0	61.3	66.5
Same as province or territory of residence	34,325	16,100	18,225	62.8	60.3	65.1
Different than province or territory of residence	640	265	375	1.2	1.0	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,600	1,810	1,785	6.6	6.8	6.4
Americas	765	370	395	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	165	105	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	130	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,290	700	590	2.4	2.6	2.1
Belgium	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	475	275	205	0.9	1.0	0.7
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	285	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	950	495	460	1.7	1.9	1.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	280	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	275	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tunisia	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	205	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	580	245	335	1.1	0.9	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	165	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	70	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,895	41,315	43,580	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,325	28,925	27,400	...	...	...
Employed	52,700	27,005	25,690	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,630	1,915	1,710	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,570	12,395	16,180	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.3	70.0	62.9	66.3	70.0	62.9
Employment rate	62.1	65.4	58.9	62.1	65.4	58.9
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.4	6.6	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,895	41,315	43,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,805	11,855	15,955	32.8	28.7	36.6
Worked	57,090	29,465	27,625	67.2	71.3	63.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,275	16,525	13,750	35.7	40.0	31.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,815	12,945	13,870	31.6	31.3	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.4	41.3	41.9	42.4	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,320	28,925	27,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	400	500	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,425	28,525	26,895	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	48,800	24,545	24,255	86.6	84.9	88.5
Permanent position	41,970	21,355	20,620	74.5	73.8	75.3
Temporary position	6,835	3,195	3,635	12.1	11.0	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,315	955	1,365	4.1	3.3	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,520	2,245	2,275	8.0	7.8	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,625	3,980	2,645	11.8	13.8	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,320	28,925	27,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	400	500	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,425	28,525	26,895	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,190	950	245	2.1	3.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,765	3,320	7,445	19.1	11.5	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,730	3,705	1,025	8.4	12.8	3.7
3 Health occupations	4,050	625	3,425	7.2	2.2	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,625	1,760	4,865	11.8	6.1	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,710	825	880	3.0	2.9	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,930	6,520	7,410	24.7	22.5	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,500	8,605	895	16.9	29.7	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	535	395	140	0.9	1.4	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,390	1,820	570	4.2	6.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,320	28,925	27,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	400	500	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	55,425	28,525	26,895	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	185	135	0.6	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	95	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	510	360	150	0.9	1.2	0.5
23 Construction	4,795	3,960	835	8.5	13.7	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,335	4,415	1,920	11.2	15.3	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,590	1,630	960	4.6	5.6	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,385	3,600	3,780	13.1	12.4	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,205	2,315	895	5.7	8.0	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,085	705	380	1.9	2.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,150	925	1,230	3.8	3.2	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	805	400	405	1.4	1.4	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,455	2,410	2,045	7.9	8.3	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,060	1,280	775	3.7	4.4	2.8
61 Educational services	4,520	1,220	3,305	8.0	4.2	12.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,065	1,215	5,850	12.5	4.2	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	695	340	355	1.2	1.2	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,570	1,290	1,280	4.6	4.5	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,990	880	1,110	3.5	3.0	4.1
91 Public administration	2,705	1,275	1,420	4.8	4.4	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,040	30,825	29,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,805	1,535	1,275	4.7	5.0	4.4
French	37,000	18,400	18,600	61.6	59.7	63.7
Non-official language	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	19,035	10,305	8,730	31.7	33.4	29.9
English and non-official language(s)	240	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	125	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	575	285	285	1.0	0.9	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,040	30,825	29,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,720	28,985	27,735	94.5	94.0	94.9
Official languages	56,290	28,760	27,525	93.8	93.3	94.2
English	6,585	3,580	3,005	11.0	11.6	10.3
French	49,700	25,180	24,520	82.8	81.7	83.9
Non-official languages	430	220	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	430	220	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	200	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	310	170	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	170	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	310	170	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,325	1,840	1,490	5.5	6.0	5.1
English and French	3,235	1,810	1,420	5.4	5.9	4.9
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,040	30,825	29,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,245	21,840	21,410	72.0	70.9	73.3
English	12,490	6,705	5,785	20.8	21.8	19.8
French	3,590	1,920	1,670	6.0	6.2	5.7
Non-official language	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	300	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	255	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	120	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,695	27,010	25,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,985	5,235	5,750	20.8	19.4	22.4
Worked outside Canada	65	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,870	4,485	1,385	11.1	16.6	5.4
Usual place of work	35,780	17,225	18,550	67.9	63.8	72.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,780	17,230	18,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,680	3,660	5,020	24.3	21.2	27.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,245	1,780	2,465	11.9	10.3	13.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	22,785	11,740	11,045	63.7	68.1	59.5
Commute to a different province or territory	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,645	21,715	19,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,335	19,795	17,535	89.7	91.2	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,340	18,920	16,420	84.9	87.1	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,995	880	1,110	4.8	4.1	5.6
Public transit	1,885	815	1,075	4.5	3.8	5.4
Walked	1,475	570	905	3.5	2.6	4.5
Bicycle	240	180	60	0.6	0.8	0.3
Other method	715	355	360	1.7	1.6	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,645	21,715	19,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,570	4,680	5,890	25.4	21.6	29.5
15 to 29 minutes	15,075	7,620	7,450	36.2	35.1	37.4
30 to 44 minutes	9,575	5,670	3,900	23.0	26.1	19.6
45 to 59 minutes	3,450	2,040	1,415	8.3	9.4	7.1
60 minutes and over	2,970	1,695	1,275	7.1	7.8	6.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,645	21,715	19,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,520	3,615	905	10.9	16.6	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,840	4,680	3,170	18.8	21.6	15.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,440	4,590	5,850	25.1	21.1	29.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,505	2,820	4,680	18.0	13.0	23.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,830	2,110	2,725	11.6	9.7	13.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,510	3,905	2,600	15.6	18.0	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,825	11,795	11,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,520	2,335	2,185	19.8	19.8	19.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,305	9,460	8,850	80.2	80.2	80.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,870	8,690	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,340	1,715	1,630	19.8	19.7	19.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,315	1,185	1,135	13.7	13.6	13.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,025	530	495	6.1	6.1	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,525	6,980	6,550	80.2	80.3	80.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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