Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rivière-des-Mille-ÎlesMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	105,589	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,346	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,968	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,898	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	918.6	...	...	918.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	114.95	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,585	51,745	53,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,830	9,665	9,160	17.8	18.7	17.0
0 to 4 years	5,570	2,910	2,660	5.3	5.6	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,390	3,260	3,135	6.1	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,870	3,500	3,370	6.5	6.8	6.3
15 to 64 years	66,820	33,145	33,680	63.3	64.1	62.6
15 to 19 years	6,050	3,185	2,860	5.7	6.2	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,595	2,955	2,640	5.3	5.7	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,505	2,790	2,715	5.2	5.4	5.0
30 to 34 years	5,855	2,865	2,990	5.5	5.5	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,385	3,045	3,345	6.0	5.9	6.2
40 to 44 years	7,040	3,430	3,605	6.7	6.6	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,860	3,385	3,470	6.5	6.5	6.4
50 to 54 years	7,070	3,460	3,610	6.7	6.7	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,330	4,100	4,240	7.9	7.9	7.9
60 to 64 years	8,125	3,925	4,200	7.7	7.6	7.8
65 years and over	19,935	8,935	11,005	18.9	17.3	20.4
65 to 69 years	6,400	3,045	3,350	6.1	5.9	6.2
70 to 74 years	5,375	2,465	2,915	5.1	4.8	5.4
75 to 79 years	4,055	1,765	2,290	3.8	3.4	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,195	955	1,240	2.1	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	1,915	705	1,210	1.8	1.4	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,250	475	770	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	550	200	350	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	110	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.7	17.0	17.8	18.7	17.0
15 to 64 years	63.3	64.1	62.6	63.3	64.1	62.6
65 years and over	18.9	17.3	20.4	18.9	17.3	20.4
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.8	1.4	2.2
Average age of the population	41.9	40.8	43.0	41.9	40.8	43.0
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.4	43.2	42.0	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,975	...	...	55.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,605	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	1,475	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,115	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,125	...	...	30.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,030	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	15,035	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 persons	6,585	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	5,970	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,280	...	...	7.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	104,205	51,245	52,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,755	42,080	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,195	25,555	25,640	59.0	60.7	57.4
Married	30,405	15,180	15,225	35.0	36.1	34.1
Living common-law	20,795	10,375	10,420	24.0	24.7	23.3
Living common law - Never married	16,280	8,070	8,215	18.8	19.2	18.4
Living common law - Separated	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,895	2,035	1,860	4.5	4.8	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	400	165	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	35,560	16,525	19,035	41.0	39.3	42.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,875	12,760	11,115	27.5	30.3	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,185	510	670	1.4	1.2	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,080	2,190	3,890	7.0	5.2	8.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,420	1,060	3,360	5.1	2.5	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,410	...	...	50.8	...	...
3 persons	6,425	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	5,825	...	...	19.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,645	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,260	...	...	83.4	...	...
Married couples	14,870	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,310	...	...	24.1	...	...
Without children	7,555	...	...	24.9	...	...
Common-law couples	10,395	...	...	34.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,550	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	4,850	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,045	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,675	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,365	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	104,205	51,245	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,095	44,000	44,100	84.5	85.9	83.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,525	25,230	25,295	48.5	49.2	47.8
Parents in one-parent families	5,040	1,365	3,680	4.8	2.7	6.9
Children⁶	32,530	17,400	15,125	31.2	34.0	28.6
In a two-parent family	24,915	13,180	11,735	23.9	25.7	22.2
In a one-parent family	7,615	4,225	3,390	7.3	8.2	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,110	7,245	8,865	15.5	14.1	16.7
Living alone	12,030	5,195	6,835	11.5	10.1	12.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,965	840	1,125	1.9	1.6	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,115	1,210	900	2.0	2.4	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,815	...	...	64.8	...	...
Couple-family households	23,535	...	...	54.9	...	...
With children⁶	11,990	...	...	27.9	...	...
Without children	11,545	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,285	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	885	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	905	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,105	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	12,030	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,380	41,575	43,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,085	40,455	42,630	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,600	38,800	44,000	49,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,105	40,470	42,635	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,075	37,920	38,155	89.1	91.2	87.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,600	29,200	36,000	43,600	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,610	32,415	30,200	73.3	78.0	68.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	33,200	38,400	44,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,315	30,670	36,635	78.8	73.8	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,800	12,300	11,300	9,800	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,135	5,035	5,100	11.9	12.1	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,720	5,480	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,470	13,340	12,135	29.8	32.1	27.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,380	41,555	43,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,055	40,435	42,620	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,650	61,600	46,080	53,650	61,600	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,075	40,445	42,625	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	48,760	38,840	43,680	48,760	38,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,090	37,980	38,105	89.1	91.4	86.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,400	56,400	38,440	47,400	56,400	38,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,610	32,445	30,165	73.3	78.1	68.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	53,650	40,480	47,280	53,650	40,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,270	30,535	36,735	78.8	73.5	83.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,590	11,400	13,580	12,590	11,400	13,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,910	4,975	4,935	11.6	12.0	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,070	7,930	6,990	6,070	7,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,440	13,215	12,220	29.8	31.8	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,930	7,540	8,350	7,930	7,540	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,380	41,560	43,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,755	16,155	13,600	34.9	38.9	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,500	54,400	62,000	68,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,100	79,300	61,500	71,100	79,300	61,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,805	12,350	13,460	30.2	29.7	30.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,000	17,600	19,400	22,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	33,080	25,400	29,080	33,080	25,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	86.0	74.6	81.0	86.0	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	70.0	62.2	66.4	70.0	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	14.0	25.4	19.0	14.0	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.4	6.2	5.2	4.4	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.2	4.5	4.0	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,380	41,575	43,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,295	1,115	1,180	2.7	2.7	2.7
With total income	83,085	40,460	42,625	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,250	2,230	3,025	6.3	5.5	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,110	3,635	5,475	11.0	9.0	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,610	5,125	7,485	15.2	12.7	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,615	4,650	5,960	12.8	11.5	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,340	4,815	5,530	12.4	11.9	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,640	4,180	4,460	10.4	10.3	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,645	3,555	3,085	8.0	8.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,070	2,895	2,175	6.1	7.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,205	2,360	1,840	5.1	5.8	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,805	1,675	1,120	3.4	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,810	5,335	2,475	9.4	13.2	5.8
$100,000 to $149,999	5,505	3,630	1,870	6.6	9.0	4.4
$150,000 and over	2,305	1,705	600	2.8	4.2	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,380	41,575	43,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,275	1,110	1,165	2.7	2.7	2.7
With after-tax income	83,110	40,465	42,640	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,715	2,340	3,375	6.9	5.8	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,620	3,880	5,740	11.6	9.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,935	6,165	8,775	18.0	15.2	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,390	6,195	7,190	16.1	15.3	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,430	6,145	6,285	15.0	15.2	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,160	4,910	4,250	11.0	12.1	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,565	3,685	2,880	7.9	9.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,145	2,390	1,750	5.0	5.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,465	1,505	960	3.0	3.7	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,475	1,000	480	1.8	2.5	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,205	2,250	955	3.9	5.6	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,725	1,160	565	2.1	2.9	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,480	1,095	390	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,380	41,575	43,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,770	9,165	13,605	26.7	22.0	31.1
With employment income	62,610	32,410	30,200	73.3	78.0	68.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,225	4,325	3,900	13.1	13.3	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,995	2,180	2,815	8.0	6.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,530	3,365	4,165	12.0	10.4	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,785	2,495	3,290	9.2	7.7	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,825	2,660	3,170	9.3	8.2	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,035	2,855	3,180	9.6	8.8	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,180	2,690	2,490	8.3	8.3	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	2,375	1,860	6.8	7.3	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	2,095	1,465	5.7	6.5	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,240	1,825	1,410	5.2	5.6	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,015	1,305	705	3.2	4.0	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,985	4,235	1,750	9.6	13.1	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,945	2,005	940	4.7	6.2	3.1
$125,000 and over	3,040	2,230	815	4.9	6.9	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,380	41,575	43,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,410	39,565	41,850	95.4	95.2	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,800	36,400	42,000	48,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,470	39,570	41,900	95.4	95.2	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,800	37,200	42,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,875	37,360	37,520	87.7	89.9	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,600	30,800	38,000	45,600	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,495	32,255	30,240	73.2	77.6	69.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,400	34,400	40,000	46,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,725	26,105	33,615	70.0	62.8	76.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,280	9,000	7,800	5,280	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,625	4,305	4,320	10.1	10.4	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,160	5,200	4,520	4,160	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,380	41,555	43,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,350	39,475	41,875	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	61,550	43,600	52,300	61,550	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,410	39,475	41,935	95.4	95.0	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	48,160	36,600	42,200	48,160	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,890	37,380	37,510	87.7	90.0	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	59,150	39,200	49,160	59,150	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,535	32,255	30,280	73.2	77.6	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	55,100	40,960	48,280	55,100	40,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,680	25,840	33,840	69.9	62.2	77.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,590	8,400	10,500	9,590	8,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,355	4,110	4,245	9.8	9.9	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,940	5,405	8,420	6,940	5,405	8,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,380	41,560	43,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,605	16,050	13,550	34.7	38.6	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	67,000	51,200	59,200	67,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	76,500	58,050	68,000	76,500	58,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,450	11,700	12,750	28.6	28.2	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,200	22,400	24,800	29,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,880	40,040	30,120	34,880	40,040	30,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.0	80.6	86.6	91.0	80.6
Employment income (%)	71.0	73.2	68.0	71.0	73.2	68.0
Government transfers (%)	13.4	8.9	19.5	13.4	8.9	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...	103,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250	...	...	51,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,040	...	...	42,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,200	...	...	124,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,870	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,280	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,200	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,540	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,665	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,635	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,235	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,790	...	...	41.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,600	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,015	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,595	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,585	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,995	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,605	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,570	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,000	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,990	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,010	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,885	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,735	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,545	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,130	...	...	30.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,490	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,360	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,285	...	...	10.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,145	6,410	7,740	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,000	36,800	40,800	46,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,600	33,200	36,000	39,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,200	...	...	86,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,140	6,465	7,675	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,600	54,850	45,200	49,600	54,850	45,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	44,000	38,240	40,880	44,000	38,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	104,210	51,240	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,525	11,610	10,910	21.6	22.7	20.6
0 to 5 years	6,840	3,550	3,295	6.6	6.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	62,990	31,085	31,900	60.4	60.7	60.2
65 years and over	18,695	8,545	10,155	17.9	16.7	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,750	3,220	4,535	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,440	745	695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	470	235	235	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,590	1,675	1,915	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,725	800	1,920	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	6.3	8.6	7.4	6.3	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	6.6	7.2	6.9	6.6	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.0
65 years and over (%)	14.6	9.4	18.9	14.6	9.4	18.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,205	51,245	52,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,520	11,610	10,910	21.6	22.7	20.6
0 to 5 years	6,840	3,550	3,290	6.6	6.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	62,990	31,090	31,905	60.4	60.7	60.2
65 years and over	18,695	8,545	10,150	17.9	16.7	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,705	1,675	2,030	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	655	345	310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	100	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,255	1,105	1,150	...	...	...
65 years and over	795	230	565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
65 years and over (%)	4.3	2.7	5.6	4.3	2.7	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	104,205	51,240	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,700	24,500	27,200	49.6	47.8	51.4
In bottom decile	6,460	2,760	3,705	6.2	5.4	7.0
In second decile	8,880	3,960	4,920	8.5	7.7	9.3
In third decile	11,210	5,385	5,830	10.8	10.5	11.0
In fourth decile	12,430	6,085	6,345	11.9	11.9	12.0
In fifth decile	12,715	6,310	6,405	12.2	12.3	12.1
In top half of the distribution	52,510	26,745	25,765	50.4	52.2	48.6
In sixth decile	12,610	6,310	6,305	12.1	12.3	11.9
In seventh decile	11,585	5,880	5,705	11.1	11.5	10.8
In eighth decile	11,175	5,700	5,475	10.7	11.1	10.3
In ninth decile	9,635	4,955	4,685	9.2	9.7	8.8
In top decile	7,505	3,910	3,595	7.2	7.6	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	104,205	...	...	104,205	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	105,245	51,615	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,315	2,245	2,070	4.1	4.3	3.9
French only	41,815	18,540	23,275	39.7	35.9	43.4
English and French	58,075	30,340	27,740	55.2	58.8	51.7
Neither English nor French	1,030	490	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	105,245	51,615	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,765	6,055	5,710	11.2	11.7	10.6
French	88,770	43,225	45,545	84.3	83.7	84.9
English and French	3,720	1,870	1,845	3.5	3.6	3.4
Neither English nor French	990	460	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	105,245	51,615	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,365	49,615	51,750	96.3	96.1	96.5
Official languages	88,870	43,455	45,415	84.4	84.2	84.7
English	7,190	3,700	3,495	6.8	7.2	6.5
French	81,675	39,755	41,920	77.6	77.0	78.2
Non-official languages	12,495	6,165	6,335	11.9	11.9	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,490	6,165	6,330	11.9	11.9	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,570	1,335	1,240	2.4	2.6	2.3
Berber languages	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,290	1,185	1,105	2.2	2.3	2.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,150	1,115	1,035	2.0	2.2	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	400	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,105	4,010	4,095	7.7	7.8	7.6
Albanian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	680	305	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	675	300	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	350	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,145	1,080	1,065	2.0	2.1	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,100	1,055	1,045	2.0	2.0	1.9
German	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,975	1,000	975	1.9	1.9	1.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	435	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	650	330	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	420	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,915	1,940	1,975	3.7	3.8	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	705	395	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Portuguese	490	230	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	780	380	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	1,935	930	1,005	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	285	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	265	115	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lao	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,880	1,995	1,880	3.7	3.9	3.5
English and French	1,895	985	915	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	465	245	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,060	520	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	105,245	51,615	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,360	3,220	3,135	6.0	6.2	5.8
French	77,955	37,995	39,965	74.1	73.6	74.5
Non-official language	4,385	2,170	2,215	4.2	4.2	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,385	2,170	2,215	4.2	4.2	4.1
English and French	7,460	3,810	3,650	7.1	7.4	6.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,515	750	765	1.4	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	4,120	1,930	2,185	3.9	3.7	4.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,280	1,655	1,630	3.1	3.2	3.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	105,245	51,615	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,965	49,510	51,455	95.9	95.9	95.9
Official languages	93,830	45,995	47,835	89.2	89.1	89.2
English	9,165	4,650	4,520	8.7	9.0	8.4
French	84,665	41,345	43,320	80.4	80.1	80.8
Non-official languages	7,135	3,515	3,620	6.8	6.8	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,135	3,515	3,620	6.8	6.8	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,200	595	605	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,110	550	565	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	970	475	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,085	2,520	2,560	4.8	4.9	4.8
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	420	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	420	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,985	1,010	975	1.9	2.0	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,985	1,010	975	1.9	2.0	1.8
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,965	1,000	970	1.9	1.9	1.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	425	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,930	935	995	1.8	1.8	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	555	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,110	545	570	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,275	2,105	2,175	4.1	4.1	4.1
English and French	2,000	995	1,000	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	465	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	1,355	660	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	435	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	105,240	51,610	53,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,125	45,080	47,050	87.5	87.3	87.7
English	4,905	2,515	2,385	4.7	4.9	4.4
French	3,060	1,495	1,560	2.9	2.9	2.9
Non-official language	2,785	1,310	1,475	2.6	2.5	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,785	1,310	1,475	2.6	2.5	2.8
English and French	665	330	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	920	465	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	575	290	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	104,205	51,240	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	103,185	50,770	52,415	99.0	99.1	99.0
English	62,265	32,530	29,735	59.8	63.5	56.1
French	98,915	48,575	50,340	94.9	94.8	95.0
Non-official languages	19,935	9,520	10,415	19.1	18.6	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,930	9,520	10,410	19.1	18.6	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,345	2,240	2,105	4.2	4.4	4.0
Berber languages	470	230	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Kabyle	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamazight	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,075	2,125	1,960	3.9	4.1	3.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,645	1,890	1,755	3.5	3.7	3.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	405	185	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	270	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,160	575	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haitian Creole	1,040	510	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,030	6,130	6,895	12.5	12.0	13.0
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	415	180	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	555	545	1.1	1.1	1.0
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,090	550	535	1.0	1.1	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	690	350	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,785	1,390	1,390	2.7	2.7	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,750	1,370	1,375	2.6	2.7	2.6
German	445	245	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	2,300	1,120	1,180	2.2	2.2	2.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	645	345	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	805	405	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	330	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	505	245	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	480	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	265	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,740	3,485	4,250	7.4	6.8	8.0
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,605	850	750	1.5	1.7	1.4
Portuguese	710	300	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Romanian	875	455	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Spanish	5,005	2,075	2,930	4.8	4.0	5.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	490	275	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	330	135	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	120	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	345	130	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lao	330	130	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Thai	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	104,210	51,240	52,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,745	815	925	1.7	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,565	735	835	1.5	1.4	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	905	435	475	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis	625	285	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	102,465	50,430	52,035	98.3	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	104,210	51,240	52,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	415	170	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,795	51,070	52,720	99.6	99.7	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,295	...	...	70.6	...	...
Renter	12,600	...	...	29.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,695	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not condominium	37,205	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,825	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,555	...	...	29.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,030	...	...	35.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,360	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,910	...	...	27.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,255	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,015	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,680	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,035	...	...	32.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,485	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,755	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,145	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,120	...	...	11.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,405	...	...	31.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,605	...	...	20.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,255	...	...	16.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,480	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,225	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,310	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,495	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,925	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,970	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,665	...	...	50.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,180	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,055	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	665	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,970	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,405	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,165	...	...	19.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,755	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,060	...	...	16.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,845	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,025	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,405	...	...	85.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,345	...	...	14.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,985	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,920	...	...	20.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,905	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not suitable only	970	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,525	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,975	...	...	79.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,560	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not in core need	39,830	...	...	93.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,220	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,267	...	...	1,267	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,000	...	...	360,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	404,000	...	...	404,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,605	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.9	...	...	28.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	104,210	51,245	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,100	560	540	1.1	1.1	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,095	560	540	1.1	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	980	485	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,575	1,170	1,405	2.5	2.3	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,575	1,165	1,405	2.5	2.3	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,315	1,065	1,245	2.2	2.1	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,535	49,515	51,020	96.5	96.6	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	104,205	51,245	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,670	49,970	51,705	97.6	97.5	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,035	11,350	10,690	21.1	22.1	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,635	38,620	41,010	76.4	75.4	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,535	1,275	1,260	2.4	2.5	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	104,205	51,245	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,985	45,085	46,900	88.3	88.0	88.5
Immigrants⁸¹	11,770	5,935	5,835	11.3	11.6	11.0
Before 1980	1,785	945	840	1.7	1.8	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,375	660	720	1.3	1.3	1.4
1991 to 2000	1,850	935	915	1.8	1.8	1.7
2001 to 2010	3,715	1,825	1,895	3.6	3.6	3.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,040	1,565	1,470	2.9	3.1	2.8
2011 to 2015	1,880	1,000	875	1.8	2.0	1.7
2016 to 2021	1,165	570	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,770	5,930	5,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,415	765	645	12.0	12.9	11.1
5 to 14 years	2,100	1,100	1,000	17.8	18.5	17.1
15 to 24 years	2,160	1,055	1,100	18.4	17.8	18.9
25 to 44 years	5,480	2,710	2,770	46.6	45.7	47.5
45 years and over	615	300	320	5.2	5.1	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,770	5,930	5,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,850	1,340	1,510	24.2	22.6	25.9
Brazil	85	20	70	0.7	0.3	1.2
Colombia	310	130	180	2.6	2.2	3.1
El Salvador	110	50	60	0.9	0.8	1.0
Guyana	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Haiti	695	295	400	5.9	5.0	6.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	300	105	195	2.5	1.8	3.3
Peru	115	50	65	1.0	0.8	1.1
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
United States of America	535	345	190	4.5	5.8	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	655	330	330	5.6	5.6	5.7
Europe	3,390	1,830	1,560	28.8	30.9	26.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	930	490	435	7.9	8.3	7.5
Germany	145	75	65	1.2	1.3	1.1
Greece	130	65	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
Hungary	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	275	175	105	2.3	3.0	1.8
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Poland	60	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Portugal	215	120	100	1.8	2.0	1.7
Romania	570	300	270	4.8	5.1	4.6
Russian Federation	120	50	70	1.0	0.8	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	90	40	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	80	55	1.2	1.3	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	620	335	285	5.3	5.6	4.9
Africa	2,835	1,485	1,350	24.1	25.0	23.1
Algeria	650	345	310	5.5	5.8	5.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	130	65	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
Egypt	315	190	125	2.7	3.2	2.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	800	415	385	6.8	7.0	6.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	935	465	470	7.9	7.8	8.1
Asia	2,690	1,280	1,405	22.9	21.6	24.1
Afghanistan	160	75	85	1.4	1.3	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	130	65	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iraq	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	745	410	335	6.3	6.9	5.7
Syria⁸⁹	190	100	95	1.6	1.7	1.6
Turkey	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
China⁹⁰	170	65	100	1.4	1.1	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	25	70	0.8	0.4	1.2
Viet Nam	85	30	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
India	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistan	65	30	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	90	45	40	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	750	325	425	6.4	5.5	7.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,165	570	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	240	105	135	20.6	18.4	22.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	20	2.1	1.8	3.4
Haiti	45	10	35	3.9	1.8	5.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	2.1	0.0	4.2
United States of America	75	60	20	6.4	10.5	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	30	5.2	4.4	5.1
Europe	225	125	105	19.3	21.9	17.8
France	65	40	25	5.6	7.0	4.2
Germany	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Ukraine	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	105	60	45	9.0	10.5	7.6
Africa	335	175	165	28.8	30.7	28.0
Algeria	50	35	20	4.3	6.1	3.4
Burundi	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	1.7	1.8	2.5
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	25	4.7	5.3	4.2
Egypt	75	40	30	6.4	7.0	5.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	15	35	4.3	2.6	5.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	20	10	2.6	3.5	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	20	2.6	1.8	3.4
Asia	360	170	195	30.9	29.8	33.1
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	15	2.6	2.6	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10	2.1	3.5	1.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	75	35	40	6.4	6.1	6.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	10	1.7	0.0	1.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	45	7.3	7.0	7.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	0	35	3.0	0.0	5.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	104,205	51,240	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,720	6,405	6,315	12.2	12.5	11.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,020	6,440	6,585	12.5	12.6	12.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,460	38,395	40,065	75.3	74.9	75.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,980	4,985	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,500	2,935	2,570	55.1	58.9	51.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,425	1,500	925	24.3	30.1	18.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,070	1,430	1,640	30.8	28.7	32.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,765	1,160	1,605	27.7	23.3	32.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,600	840	760	16.0	16.9	15.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	45	70	1.2	0.9	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,980	4,985	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	795	445	350	8.0	8.9	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	735	395	340	7.4	7.9	6.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	340	225	120	3.4	4.5	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	295	155	140	3.0	3.1	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	15	50	0.7	0.3	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,745	3,745	4,000	77.6	75.1	80.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	104,205	51,240	52,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,480	5,605	5,880	11.0	10.9	11.1
South Asian	595	280	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese	470	200	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Black	3,505	1,740	1,765	3.4	3.4	3.3
Filipino	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab	2,900	1,490	1,410	2.8	2.9	2.7
Latin American	1,885	880	1,005	1.8	1.7	1.9
Southeast Asian	1,010	515	500	1.0	1.0	0.9
West Asian	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	315	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	92,725	45,645	47,085	89.0	89.1	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	104,205	51,245	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,675	15,525	16,150	30.4	30.3	30.5
English	2,345	1,250	1,095	2.3	2.4	2.1
Irish	6,085	3,010	3,075	5.8	5.9	5.8
Scottish	2,625	1,440	1,185	2.5	2.8	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,575	12,230	12,350	23.6	23.9	23.3
German	1,825	940	890	1.8	1.8	1.7
Chinese	705	340	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	5,250	2,675	2,575	5.0	5.2	4.9
Indian (India)	230	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	455	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	250	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Polish	810	390	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Québécois	12,230	5,860	6,370	11.7	11.4	12.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	475	250	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	7,665	3,675	3,990	7.4	7.2	7.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,460	730	725	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,630	760	875	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	315	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,295	695	605	1.2	1.4	1.1
Russian	520	235	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,085	495	590	1.0	1.0	1.1
American	740	345	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Spanish	1,090	480	610	1.0	0.9	1.2
Swedish	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	1,310	640	670	1.3	1.2	1.3
Acadian	1,230	570	665	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistani	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	550	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	1,725	835	890	1.7	1.6	1.7
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	280	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,145	530	620	1.1	1.0	1.2
Greek	1,105	605	500	1.1	1.2	0.9
Jamaican	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	865	420	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	1,505	765	745	1.4	1.5	1.4
Iranian	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	745	345	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	375	215	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	900	390	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
Haitian	1,640	800	845	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hindu	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	470	205	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	505	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	400	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	955	490	460	0.9	1.0	0.9
Czech	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Brazilian	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	515	220	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Slovak	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	265	105	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	170	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	390	220	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber	335	180	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	95	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	110	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	440	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	104,210	51,240	52,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	565	240	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Christian	68,005	32,585	35,415	65.3	63.6	66.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,540	2,795	2,750	5.3	5.5	5.2
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	380	175	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baptist	450	240	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catholic	57,105	27,200	29,905	54.8	53.1	56.5
Christian Orthodox	2,375	1,245	1,135	2.3	2.4	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	260	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,255	555	700	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hindu	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	2,790	1,345	1,440	2.7	2.6	2.7
Muslim	3,775	1,910	1,865	3.6	3.7	3.5
Sikh	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	28,605	14,945	13,660	27.4	29.2	25.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	103,180	50,680	52,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,510	46,015	47,495	90.6	90.8	90.5
Movers	9,670	4,670	5,000	9.4	9.2	9.5
Non-migrants	3,225	1,495	1,730	3.1	2.9	3.3
Migrants	6,445	3,175	3,270	6.2	6.3	6.2
Internal migrants	6,210	3,050	3,160	6.0	6.0	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	6,090	3,005	3,090	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	240	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,690	48,310	50,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,690	31,015	31,675	63.5	64.2	62.9
Movers	36,000	17,295	18,700	36.5	35.8	37.1
Non-migrants	8,320	3,970	4,345	8.4	8.2	8.6
Migrants	27,680	13,325	14,355	28.0	27.6	28.5
Internal migrants	26,475	12,690	13,780	26.8	26.3	27.4
Intraprovincial migrants	26,095	12,535	13,565	26.4	25.9	26.9
Interprovincial migrants	375	160	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,210	630	575	1.2	1.3	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,380	41,555	43,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,460	8,900	7,565	19.3	21.4	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,920	32,660	36,255	80.7	78.6	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,985	26,835	28,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,255	4,255	3,005	13.2	15.9	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,730	22,580	25,150	86.8	84.1	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,380	41,555	43,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,605	7,640	6,965	17.1	18.4	15.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,990	9,565	10,425	23.4	23.0	23.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,785	24,350	26,435	59.5	58.6	60.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,885	17,080	16,810	39.7	41.1	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,035	8,395	5,635	16.4	20.2	12.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,020	5,180	4,840	11.7	12.5	11.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,015	3,220	795	4.7	7.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,265	7,150	9,110	19.1	17.2	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,595	1,525	2,065	4.2	3.7	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,895	7,275	9,625	19.8	17.5	22.0
Bachelor's degree	11,520	4,885	6,635	13.5	11.8	15.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615	645	975	1.9	1.6	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	135	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	3,015	1,395	1,620	3.5	3.4	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	220	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,985	26,835	28,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,950	3,425	2,520	10.8	12.8	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,240	5,120	5,120	18.6	19.1	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,800	18,290	20,510	70.6	68.2	72.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,740	12,500	12,240	45.0	46.6	43.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,800	6,385	4,420	19.6	23.8	15.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,800	3,955	3,845	14.2	14.7	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,000	2,425	570	5.5	9.0	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,385	5,020	6,365	20.7	18.7	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,550	1,095	1,455	4.6	4.1	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,060	5,790	8,270	25.6	21.6	29.4
Bachelor's degree	9,565	3,920	5,645	17.4	14.6	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	500	870	2.5	1.9	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	65	215	0.5	0.2	0.8
Master's degree	2,545	1,140	1,405	4.6	4.2	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	170	130	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,380	41,555	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,595	17,205	17,390	40.5	41.4	39.7
Education	3,425	630	2,795	4.0	1.5	6.4
13. Education	3,425	630	2,795	4.0	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,890	845	1,050	2.2	2.0	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	175	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,660	670	995	1.9	1.6	2.3
Humanities	2,640	925	1,720	3.1	2.2	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	85	280	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,570	560	1,010	1.8	1.3	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	75	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,555	1,245	3,315	5.3	3.0	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	630	175	450	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,025	60	970	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	865	300	560	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	695	145	550	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,190	525	665	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	12,800	4,730	8,075	15.0	11.4	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	140	445	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,205	4,585	7,615	14.3	11.0	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,845	900	945	2.2	2.2	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	590	205	385	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	370	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	425	280	145	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,400	1,700	700	2.8	4.1	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,055	1,565	490	2.4	3.8	1.1
25. Library science	145	10	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,995	10,065	930	12.9	24.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	305	190	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,210	1,835	375	2.6	4.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,220	1,995	225	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,650	2,550	105	3.1	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,315	2,230	80	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,300	1,265	35	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	685	320	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550	225	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,740	930	4,815	6.7	2.2	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	160	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,275	735	4,535	6.2	1.8	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,785	2,070	1,715	4.4	5.0	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,840	450	1,385	2.2	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	970	765	205	1.1	1.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	955	845	110	1.1	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,985	26,835	28,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,190	8,550	7,640	29.4	31.9	27.1
Education	2,490	455	2,035	4.5	1.7	7.2
13. Education	2,490	455	2,035	4.5	1.7	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,460	620	840	2.7	2.3	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	130	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,280	485	790	2.3	1.8	2.8
Humanities	1,700	575	1,125	3.1	2.1	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	300	60	245	0.5	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	945	340	605	1.7	1.3	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	40	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,615	890	2,725	6.6	3.3	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	135	380	0.9	0.5	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	840	35	805	1.5	0.1	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	710	230	480	1.3	0.9	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	550	95	455	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	890	370	525	1.6	1.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	9,850	3,485	6,365	17.9	13.0	22.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	95	360	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,385	3,385	5,995	17.1	12.6	21.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,160	570	590	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495	175	320	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	110	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	325	220	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,960	1,385	575	3.6	5.2	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,710	1,310	405	3.1	4.9	1.4
25. Library science	115	0	110	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,600	7,800	800	15.6	29.1	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	250	155	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,950	1,595	355	3.5	5.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,675	1,495	180	3.0	5.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,015	1,945	70	3.7	7.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,710	1,635	65	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	995	970	30	1.8	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	235	300	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	165	255	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	4,460	680	3,780	8.1	2.5	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	115	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,070	550	3,525	7.4	2.0	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,960	1,595	1,360	5.4	5.9	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,425	345	1,085	2.6	1.3	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	735	575	160	1.3	2.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	775	670	105	1.4	2.5	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,985	26,835	28,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,190	8,550	7,640	29.4	31.9	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,800	18,285	20,505	70.6	68.1	72.8
Location of study inside Canada	35,195	16,475	18,715	64.0	61.4	66.5
Same as province or territory of residence	34,550	16,205	18,340	62.8	60.4	65.2
Different than province or territory of residence	645	270	370	1.2	1.0	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,605	1,810	1,795	6.6	6.7	6.4
Americas	765	370	395	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	165	105	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	130	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,295	700	595	2.4	2.6	2.1
Belgium	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	475	275	205	0.9	1.0	0.7
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	285	150	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	950	490	460	1.7	1.8	1.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	275	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	275	140	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tunisia	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	205	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	585	250	335	1.1	0.9	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	170	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	70	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,380	41,555	43,825	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,670	29,105	27,565	...	...	...
Employed	53,035	27,185	25,850	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,635	1,920	1,710	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,710	12,450	16,260	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.4	70.0	62.9	66.4	70.0	62.9
Employment rate	62.1	65.4	59.0	62.1	65.4	59.0
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.4	6.6	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,380	41,555	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,970	11,930	16,040	32.8	28.7	36.6
Worked	57,405	29,625	27,785	67.2	71.3	63.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,425	16,600	13,830	35.6	39.9	31.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,980	13,025	13,955	31.6	31.3	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.3	41.8	42.4	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,670	29,105	27,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	405	505	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,760	28,705	27,060	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	49,020	24,635	24,385	86.5	84.6	88.5
Permanent position	42,160	21,430	20,730	74.4	73.6	75.2
Temporary position	6,865	3,205	3,660	12.1	11.0	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,320	950	1,365	4.1	3.3	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,540	2,250	2,295	8.0	7.7	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,740	4,065	2,670	11.9	14.0	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,670	29,105	27,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	405	505	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,760	28,705	27,060	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,205	960	245	2.1	3.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,810	3,325	7,485	19.1	11.4	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,775	3,730	1,050	8.4	12.8	3.8
3 Health occupations	4,075	630	3,445	7.2	2.2	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,665	1,765	4,905	11.8	6.1	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,710	825	885	3.0	2.8	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,965	6,540	7,420	24.6	22.5	26.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,565	8,665	905	16.9	29.8	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	585	435	150	1.0	1.5	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,400	1,825	575	4.2	6.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,670	29,105	27,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	405	505	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	55,760	28,705	27,060	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	395	235	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	95	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	515	360	155	0.9	1.2	0.6
23 Construction	4,820	3,975	840	8.5	13.7	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,375	4,430	1,940	11.2	15.2	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,595	1,635	960	4.6	5.6	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,395	3,610	3,790	13.0	12.4	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,215	2,315	895	5.7	8.0	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	1,100	720	380	1.9	2.5	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,160	920	1,240	3.8	3.2	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	800	400	405	1.4	1.4	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,480	2,425	2,060	7.9	8.3	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,080	1,290	785	3.7	4.4	2.8
61 Educational services	4,535	1,215	3,320	8.0	4.2	12.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,100	1,220	5,880	12.5	4.2	21.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	695	335	360	1.2	1.2	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,580	1,305	1,280	4.6	4.5	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,010	895	1,115	3.5	3.1	4.0
91 Public administration	2,720	1,285	1,440	4.8	4.4	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,425	31,020	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,815	1,540	1,270	4.7	5.0	4.3
French	37,245	18,515	18,725	61.6	59.7	63.7
Non-official language	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	19,155	10,380	8,775	31.7	33.5	29.8
English and non-official language(s)	240	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	135	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	575	285	290	1.0	0.9	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,425	31,020	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,095	29,180	27,915	94.5	94.1	94.9
Official languages	56,665	28,955	27,705	93.8	93.3	94.2
English	6,625	3,600	3,025	11.0	11.6	10.3
French	50,040	25,360	24,675	82.8	81.8	83.9
Non-official languages	430	220	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	430	220	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	200	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	310	170	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	170	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	310	170	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,330	1,845	1,490	5.5	5.9	5.1
English and French	3,235	1,815	1,420	5.4	5.9	4.8
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,425	31,020	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,505	21,965	21,540	72.0	70.8	73.3
English	12,575	6,760	5,815	20.8	21.8	19.8
French	3,625	1,930	1,690	6.0	6.2	5.7
Non-official language	315	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	310	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	250	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	120	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,035	27,185	25,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,090	5,295	5,795	20.9	19.5	22.4
Worked outside Canada	65	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,925	4,525	1,400	11.2	16.6	5.4
Usual place of work	35,955	17,300	18,650	67.8	63.6	72.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,955	17,305	18,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,755	3,680	5,075	24.3	21.3	27.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,255	1,785	2,470	11.8	10.3	13.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	22,870	11,785	11,090	63.6	68.1	59.4
Commute to a different province or territory	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,880	21,830	20,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,565	19,915	17,650	89.7	91.2	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,565	19,025	16,540	84.9	87.2	82.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,995	885	1,115	4.8	4.1	5.6
Public transit	1,885	810	1,075	4.5	3.7	5.4
Walked	1,475	570	900	3.5	2.6	4.5
Bicycle	240	180	60	0.6	0.8	0.3
Other method	715	355	360	1.7	1.6	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,880	21,830	20,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,640	4,715	5,930	25.4	21.6	29.6
15 to 29 minutes	15,135	7,660	7,475	36.1	35.1	37.3
30 to 44 minutes	9,645	5,700	3,945	23.0	26.1	19.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,475	2,050	1,420	8.3	9.4	7.1
60 minutes and over	2,985	1,705	1,280	7.1	7.8	6.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,880	21,830	20,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,540	3,625	910	10.8	16.6	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,910	4,720	3,195	18.9	21.6	15.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,525	4,610	5,910	25.1	21.1	29.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,520	2,825	4,695	18.0	12.9	23.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,860	2,125	2,735	11.6	9.7	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,525	3,925	2,605	15.6	18.0	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,940	11,855	11,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,540	2,345	2,195	19.8	19.8	19.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,405	9,510	8,900	80.2	80.2	80.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,940	8,730	8,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,355	1,720	1,635	19.8	19.7	19.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,320	1,190	1,135	13.7	13.6	13.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,035	535	500	6.1	6.1	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,585	7,005	6,585	80.2	80.2	80.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table