Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Richmond--ArthabaskaMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,651	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,242	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,025	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,270	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	32.3	...	...	32.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,427.45	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,650	55,510	55,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,550	9,670	8,880	16.8	17.4	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,590	2,920	2,670	5.1	5.3	4.8
5 to 9 years	6,385	3,285	3,100	5.8	5.9	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,580	3,470	3,110	5.9	6.3	5.6
15 to 64 years	64,410	32,830	31,580	58.2	59.1	57.3
15 to 19 years	5,455	2,840	2,615	4.9	5.1	4.7
20 to 24 years	4,750	2,510	2,245	4.3	4.5	4.1
25 to 29 years	5,530	2,820	2,710	5.0	5.1	4.9
30 to 34 years	5,850	2,990	2,860	5.3	5.4	5.2
35 to 39 years	6,545	3,325	3,220	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	6,935	3,640	3,295	6.3	6.6	6.0
45 to 49 years	6,095	3,080	3,010	5.5	5.5	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,260	3,130	3,135	5.7	5.6	5.7
55 to 59 years	8,170	4,115	4,055	7.4	7.4	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,820	4,375	4,445	8.0	7.9	8.1
65 years and over	27,690	13,005	14,685	25.0	23.4	26.6
65 to 69 years	8,485	4,260	4,230	7.7	7.7	7.7
70 to 74 years	7,215	3,590	3,630	6.5	6.5	6.6
75 to 79 years	5,130	2,450	2,680	4.6	4.4	4.9
80 to 84 years	3,270	1,385	1,885	3.0	2.5	3.4
85 years and over	3,585	1,325	2,260	3.2	2.4	4.1
85 to 89 years	2,180	900	1,280	2.0	1.6	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,065	360	705	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	315	60	255	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.4	16.1	16.8	17.4	16.1
15 to 64 years	58.2	59.1	57.3	58.2	59.1	57.3
65 years and over	25.0	23.4	26.6	25.0	23.4	26.6
85 years and over	3.2	2.4	4.1	3.2	2.4	4.1
Average age of the population	44.7	43.7	45.8	44.7	43.7	45.8
Median age of the population	46.4	44.8	48.0	46.4	44.8	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,990	...	...	62.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,985	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	415	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,095	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,360	...	...	23.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,365	...	...	35.2	...	...
2 persons	18,465	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 persons	5,410	...	...	11.0	...	...
4 persons	5,135	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,900	...	...	5.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,915	54,200	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,105	45,840	46,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,245	27,120	27,125	58.9	59.2	58.6
Married	27,560	13,800	13,760	29.9	30.1	29.7
Living common-law	26,685	13,320	13,370	29.0	29.1	28.9
Living common law - Never married	21,190	10,520	10,670	23.0	22.9	23.1
Living common law - Separated	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,645	2,405	2,240	5.0	5.2	4.8
Living common law - Widowed	630	280	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	37,860	18,720	19,135	41.1	40.8	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,690	13,870	10,820	26.8	30.3	23.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	975	435	540	1.1	0.9	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,630	2,980	3,650	7.2	6.5	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,560	1,435	4,125	6.0	3.1	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,115	...	...	58.7	...	...
3 persons	5,175	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	4,980	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,605	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,585	...	...	86.1	...	...
Married couples	13,245	...	...	42.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,810	...	...	12.3	...	...
Without children	9,440	...	...	30.6	...	...
Common-law couples	13,335	...	...	43.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,045	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	6,295	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,285	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,995	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,295	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,915	54,200	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,680	43,080	42,600	80.1	79.5	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,165	26,565	26,600	49.7	49.0	50.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,290	1,295	2,990	4.0	2.4	5.7
Children⁶	28,225	15,220	13,005	26.4	28.1	24.7
In a two-parent family	21,335	11,365	9,970	20.0	21.0	18.9
In a one-parent family	6,890	3,855	3,040	6.4	7.1	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,235	11,115	10,115	19.9	20.5	19.2
Living alone	17,365	8,900	8,465	16.2	16.4	16.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,505	750	755	1.4	1.4	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,365	1,470	895	2.2	2.7	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,570	...	...	60.0	...	...
Couple-family households	25,700	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	10,490	...	...	21.3	...	...
Without children	15,205	...	...	30.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,875	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	625	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,280	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	17,365	...	...	35.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,375	44,535	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,055	43,900	43,160	98.5	98.6	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	34,000	38,000	42,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,070	43,910	43,165	98.5	98.6	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	31,000	34,000	36,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,460	39,980	37,475	87.6	89.8	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,600	24,600	30,000	35,600	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,580	32,340	28,240	68.5	72.6	64.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	28,400	33,200	37,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,440	36,075	38,365	84.2	81.0	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	10,800	13,200	12,200	10,800	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,765	6,365	5,405	13.3	14.3	12.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,320	5,040	5,160	5,320	5,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,830	12,770	11,055	27.0	28.7	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,500	6,000	5,480	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,385	44,545	43,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,185	43,995	43,190	98.6	98.8	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	49,960	39,760	44,920	49,960	39,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,190	44,000	43,190	98.6	98.8	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	41,200	34,600	37,920	41,200	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,210	40,080	37,130	87.4	90.0	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,320	44,240	31,960	38,320	44,240	31,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,580	32,600	27,980	68.5	73.2	63.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,960	34,520	39,600	43,960	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,205	35,910	38,290	84.0	80.6	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,880	11,840	13,860	12,880	11,840	13,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,795	6,370	5,430	13.3	14.3	12.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,115	7,190	6,610	6,115	7,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,950	12,905	11,040	27.1	29.0	25.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,780	7,580	7,150	6,780	7,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,380	44,545	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,610	16,110	12,505	32.4	36.2	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,800	46,400	50,400	54,800	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,100	61,350	51,700	57,100	61,350	51,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,195	12,605	12,595	28.5	28.3	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,200	17,200	19,400	22,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,520	30,360	22,700	26,520	30,360	22,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	80.6	69.2	75.6	80.6	69.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.3	65.2	56.2	61.3	65.2	56.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.4	19.4	30.9	24.4	19.4	30.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.1	5.3	4.7	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	4.9	4.4	4.0	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,375	44,535	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,320	635	680	1.5	1.4	1.6
With total income	87,055	43,895	43,155	98.5	98.6	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,240	2,275	2,965	6.0	5.2	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,155	4,790	7,365	14.0	10.9	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,265	7,655	8,610	18.7	17.4	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,550	5,960	6,590	14.4	13.6	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,115	6,150	5,965	13.9	14.0	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,275	5,025	4,250	10.7	11.4	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,120	3,625	2,495	7.0	8.3	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,220	2,610	1,610	4.8	5.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	1,780	1,205	3.4	4.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	1,115	720	2.1	2.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,295	2,905	1,390	4.9	6.6	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,235	2,140	1,100	3.7	4.9	2.5
$150,000 and over	1,055	770	290	1.2	1.8	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,375	44,535	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,305	625	675	1.5	1.4	1.5
With after-tax income	87,070	43,905	43,165	98.5	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,645	2,395	3,245	6.5	5.5	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	12,775	5,135	7,640	14.7	11.7	17.7
$20,000 to $29,999	18,850	8,905	9,940	21.6	20.3	23.0
$30,000 to $39,999	16,070	8,165	7,910	18.5	18.6	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,555	7,275	6,280	15.6	16.6	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,460	4,955	3,505	9.7	11.3	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,090	2,940	2,150	5.8	6.7	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,745	1,615	1,130	3.2	3.7	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,580	940	635	1.8	2.1	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	845	560	280	1.0	1.3	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,465	1,020	445	1.7	2.3	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	785	520	260	0.9	1.2	0.6
$125,000 and over	680	500	180	0.8	1.1	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,375	44,535	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,800	12,195	15,605	31.5	27.4	35.6
With employment income	60,575	32,340	28,240	68.5	72.6	64.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,955	4,260	3,700	13.1	13.2	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,945	2,185	2,760	8.2	6.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,070	3,560	4,510	13.3	11.0	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,080	3,335	3,745	11.7	10.3	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,510	3,765	3,745	12.4	11.6	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,930	3,675	3,255	11.4	11.4	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,070	3,025	2,045	8.4	9.4	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,750	2,475	1,280	6.2	7.7	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	1,760	1,000	4.6	5.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,285	1,380	905	3.8	4.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,205	810	400	2.0	2.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,010	2,110	905	5.0	6.5	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,725	1,190	540	2.8	3.7	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,285	920	370	2.1	2.8	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,375	44,535	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,060	43,345	42,715	97.4	97.3	97.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	30,800	35,600	40,400	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,105	43,350	42,755	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	35,600	28,200	31,800	35,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,530	39,530	37,000	86.6	88.8	84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	37,200	26,000	31,200	37,200	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,340	32,585	28,755	69.4	73.2	65.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	28,400	33,200	38,800	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,035	32,440	35,595	77.0	72.8	81.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,200	10,800	9,500	8,200	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,775	6,480	5,295	13.3	14.6	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,480	4,440	4,440	4,480	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,385	44,545	43,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,140	43,400	42,735	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,640	48,240	36,960	42,640	48,240	36,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,175	43,400	42,770	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,960	39,720	32,120	35,960	39,720	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,470	39,710	36,765	86.5	89.1	83.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,720	45,000	31,960	38,720	45,000	31,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,470	32,795	28,680	69.5	73.6	65.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,440	44,360	33,760	39,440	44,360	33,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,590	32,090	35,500	76.5	72.0	81.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,520	9,560	11,380	10,520	9,560	11,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,800	6,530	5,275	13.4	14.7	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,335	5,595	7,250	6,335	5,595	7,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,380	44,545	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,530	16,045	12,485	32.3	36.0	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,600	52,800	42,400	47,600	52,800	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	58,950	47,680	54,000	58,950	47,680
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,070	11,985	12,085	27.2	26.9	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,400	21,000	24,200	27,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,440	35,040	25,880	30,440	35,040	25,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.6	85.4	74.4	80.6	85.4	74.4
Employment income (%)	66.0	69.6	61.3	66.0	69.6	61.3
Government transfers (%)	19.4	14.6	25.6	19.4	14.6	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,520	...	...	40,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,040	...	...	35,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...	100,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,250	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,645	...	...	7.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,110	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,135	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,990	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,770	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,430	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,300	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,790	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,460	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,145	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,745	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,185	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,230	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,225	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,060	...	...	6.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,675	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	790	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,320	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,870	...	...	7.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,620	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,690	...	...	5.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,590	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,130	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,665	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,765	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,390	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,870	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,375	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,760	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,845	...	...	18.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,255	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,075	...	...	4.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,725	10,370	9,355	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,200	30,000	33,600	37,200	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	33,200	28,200	30,600	33,200	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,200	...	...	70,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,100	...	...	62,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,760	10,490	9,265	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,880	42,800	36,560	39,880	42,800	36,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,520	36,280	32,480	34,520	36,280	32,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,915	54,195	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,915	11,430	10,480	20.5	21.1	19.9
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,550	3,260	6.4	6.6	6.2
18 to 64 years	60,700	30,850	29,850	56.8	56.9	56.6
65 years and over	24,300	11,920	12,380	22.7	22.0	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,685	6,880	7,805	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,120	1,095	1,020	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	660	370	295	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,400	3,185	3,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,170	2,600	3,570	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.7	12.7	14.8	13.7	12.7	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.6	9.7	9.7	9.6	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	10.4	9.1	9.8	10.4	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.3	10.8	10.5	10.3	10.8
65 years and over (%)	25.4	21.8	28.8	25.4	21.8	28.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,915	54,200	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,915	11,430	10,485	20.5	21.1	19.9
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,550	3,260	6.4	6.5	6.2
18 to 64 years	60,700	30,845	29,855	56.8	56.9	56.6
65 years and over	24,300	11,920	12,375	22.7	22.0	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,195	1,735	1,460	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	335	175	160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	45	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,520	1,415	1,105	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	145	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.6	3.7	4.2	4.6	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,910	54,195	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,505	34,190	34,315	64.1	63.1	65.1
In bottom decile	11,290	5,370	5,920	10.6	9.9	11.2
In second decile	15,155	7,365	7,795	14.2	13.6	14.8
In third decile	14,495	7,325	7,165	13.6	13.5	13.6
In fourth decile	14,435	7,385	7,050	13.5	13.6	13.4
In fifth decile	13,125	6,740	6,380	12.3	12.4	12.1
In top half of the distribution	38,410	20,010	18,400	35.9	36.9	34.9
In sixth decile	11,695	6,085	5,610	10.9	11.2	10.6
In seventh decile	9,950	5,215	4,735	9.3	9.6	9.0
In eighth decile	7,790	4,060	3,730	7.3	7.5	7.1
In ninth decile	5,515	2,860	2,655	5.2	5.3	5.0
In top decile	3,460	1,785	1,675	3.2	3.3	3.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,915	...	...	106,915	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,970	54,965	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	745	390	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
French only	76,010	36,815	39,190	69.8	67.0	72.6
English and French	31,840	17,500	14,340	29.2	31.8	26.6
Neither English nor French	375	265	115	0.3	0.5	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,970	54,965	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,095	1,595	1,500	2.8	2.9	2.8
French	105,035	52,850	52,185	96.4	96.2	96.6
English and French	480	265	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	360	260	105	0.3	0.5	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,970	54,965	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,780	54,325	53,455	98.9	98.8	99.0
Official languages	105,675	53,155	52,525	97.0	96.7	97.3
English	2,780	1,415	1,365	2.6	2.6	2.5
French	102,900	51,740	51,160	94.4	94.1	94.7
Non-official languages	2,105	1,170	930	1.9	2.1	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,100	1,170	930	1.9	2.1	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	205	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	340	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	345	195	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,330	765	565	1.2	1.4	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	960	565	395	0.9	1.0	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	855	510	345	0.8	0.9	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,185	640	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	900	490	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,970	54,965	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,020	1,060	960	1.9	1.9	1.8
French	101,355	50,870	50,485	93.0	92.5	93.5
Non-official language	765	485	280	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	765	485	280	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and French	3,290	1,785	1,500	3.0	3.2	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,080	525	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	380	195	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,970	54,965	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,870	54,400	53,465	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	106,665	53,685	52,975	97.9	97.7	98.1
English	2,625	1,380	1,240	2.4	2.5	2.3
French	104,035	52,305	51,730	95.5	95.2	95.8
Non-official languages	1,210	720	495	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,210	720	490	1.1	1.3	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	790	500	295	0.7	0.9	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	665	435	230	0.6	0.8	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	625	410	215	0.6	0.7	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,100	560	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	755	385	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	275	135	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,970	54,965	54,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,125	52,920	52,210	96.5	96.3	96.7
English	2,100	1,165	940	1.9	2.1	1.7
French	890	470	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official language	555	260	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	545	255	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,915	54,195	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,530	53,965	52,565	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	32,450	17,900	14,550	30.4	33.0	27.6
French	105,855	53,575	52,275	99.0	98.9	99.2
Non-official languages	5,125	2,575	2,550	4.8	4.8	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,120	2,565	2,550	4.8	4.7	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	290	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	480	280	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	480	280	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	100	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,910	1,950	1,955	3.7	3.6	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	500	265	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	365	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,290	1,615	1,675	3.1	3.0	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,055	1,505	1,545	2.9	2.8	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,915	54,195	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,535	730	810	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,470	695	770	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	940	440	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	105,380	53,470	51,910	98.6	98.7	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,915	54,195	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,740	54,105	52,635	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,525	...	...	68.0	...	...
Renter	15,745	...	...	32.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,600	...	...	5.3	...	...
Not condominium	46,675	...	...	94.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	5,095	...	...	10.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,905	...	...	28.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,835	...	...	38.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,275	...	...	22.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,880	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 rooms	9,285	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,000	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,540	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,560	...	...	27.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,120	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,630	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	635	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,685	...	...	25.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,900	...	...	30.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,905	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,930	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,385	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,960	...	...	6.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,990	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,510	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,685	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,590	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,930	...	...	56.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,695	...	...	42.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	645	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,480	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,115	...	...	12.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,895	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,530	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,105	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,835	...	...	20.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,040	...	...	10.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,265	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,940	...	...	88.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,440	...	...	11.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,080	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,230	...	...	16.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,055	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	565	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,185	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,045	...	...	83.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,040	...	...	2.2	...	...
Not in core need	46,980	...	...	97.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.8	...	...	57.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	897	...	...	897	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	237,600	...	...	237,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	604	...	...	604	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	644	...	...	644	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,915	54,200	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,795	845	950	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,785	840	945	1.7	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,610	760	850	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	165	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,440	1,090	1,350	2.3	2.0	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,415	1,085	1,330	2.3	2.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,315	1,045	1,270	2.2	1.9	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,680	52,260	50,415	96.0	96.4	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,910	54,200	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,385	53,305	52,075	98.6	98.3	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,645	11,325	10,315	20.2	20.9	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,740	41,980	41,760	78.3	77.5	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,525	890	640	1.4	1.6	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,910	54,200	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,660	52,430	51,230	97.0	96.7	97.2
Immigrants⁸¹	2,555	1,295	1,260	2.4	2.4	2.4
Before 1980	415	245	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
1980 to 1990	240	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	405	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	650	285	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	850	425	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2015	380	175	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	470	250	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	695	475	225	0.7	0.9	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,555	1,295	1,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	350	185	165	13.7	14.3	13.1
5 to 14 years	450	225	220	17.6	17.4	17.5
15 to 24 years	405	220	190	15.9	17.0	15.1
25 to 44 years	1,155	590	565	45.2	45.6	44.8
45 years and over	195	80	120	7.6	6.2	9.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,555	1,295	1,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	815	375	440	31.9	29.0	34.9
Brazil	20	20	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Colombia	300	125	170	11.7	9.7	13.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	100	55	45	3.9	4.2	3.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	65	30	30	2.5	2.3	2.4
Peru	35	0	25	1.4	0.0	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United States of America	175	70	105	6.8	5.4	8.3
Other places of birth in Americas	115	60	55	4.5	4.6	4.4
Europe	955	545	410	37.4	42.1	32.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	25	1.2	0.8	2.0
Croatia	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
France	390	235	155	15.3	18.1	12.3
Germany	30	20	10	1.2	1.5	0.8
Greece	15	15	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	1.0	1.5	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Portugal	20	10	15	0.8	0.8	1.2
Romania	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	1.2	1.5	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	330	185	145	12.9	14.3	11.5
Africa	420	195	225	16.4	15.1	17.9
Algeria	30	15	10	1.2	1.2	0.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	10	50	2.3	0.8	4.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	60	30	30	2.3	2.3	2.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	240	120	120	9.4	9.3	9.5
Asia	355	170	185	13.9	13.1	14.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	90	60	30	3.5	4.6	2.4
Turkey	35	20	10	1.4	1.5	0.8
China⁹⁰	55	20	35	2.2	1.5	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	0	30	1.6	0.0	2.4
Viet Nam	55	25	35	2.2	1.9	2.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	25	2.0	1.9	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	470	250	220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	45	20	12.8	18.0	9.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	10	4.3	0.0	4.5
Haiti	10	10	0	2.1	4.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	0	5.3	6.0	0.0
Europe	100	60	40	21.3	24.0	18.2
France	80	50	25	17.0	20.0	11.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10	3.2	4.0	4.5
Africa	145	65	85	30.9	26.0	38.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	20	5.3	0.0	9.1
Côte d'Ivoire	30	20	10	6.4	8.0	4.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	4.3	4.0	4.5
Other places of birth in Africa	45	10	35	9.6	4.0	15.9
Asia	160	80	80	34.0	32.0	36.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	3.2	0.0	4.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	2.1	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	10	3.2	4.0	4.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	4.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	55	30	19.1	22.0	13.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,915	54,195	52,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,635	1,915	1,720	3.4	3.5	3.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,810	1,515	1,295	2.6	2.8	2.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	100,465	50,765	49,705	94.0	93.7	94.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,145	1,050	1,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	860	505	355	40.1	48.1	32.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	420	335	90	19.6	31.9	8.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	440	170	265	20.5	16.2	24.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	575	230	345	26.8	21.9	31.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	680	295	390	31.7	28.1	35.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	0	1.2	1.9	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,145	1,050	1,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	60	30	4.2	5.7	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	140	85	55	6.5	8.1	5.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	15	25	1.9	1.4	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	65	15	3.7	6.2	1.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	20	15	1.9	1.9	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,765	805	955	82.3	76.7	87.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,915	54,195	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,595	1,375	1,220	2.4	2.5	2.3
South Asian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	195	40	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	635	320	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	475	265	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	830	490	330	0.8	0.9	0.6
Southeast Asian	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,320	52,825	51,500	97.6	97.5	97.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,915	54,200	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	44,095	22,300	21,795	41.2	41.1	41.3
English	1,505	730	770	1.4	1.3	1.5
Irish	4,465	2,210	2,255	4.2	4.1	4.3
Scottish	1,530	755	775	1.4	1.4	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,570	11,955	11,615	22.0	22.1	22.0
German	975	465	510	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese	170	40	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	745	415	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indian (India)	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Polish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	17,610	8,910	8,700	16.5	16.4	16.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Filipino	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,545	5,205	5,335	9.9	9.6	10.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,610	1,370	1,240	2.4	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,020	860	1,165	1.9	1.6	2.2
Métis	285	120	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	905	460	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	595	270	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	950	370	575	0.9	0.7	1.1
Pakistani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	160	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,560	830	720	1.5	1.5	1.4
Danish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	465	245	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	310	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	695	385	310	0.7	0.7	0.6
Finnish	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	260	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	130	105	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	430	170	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	120	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,915	54,195	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	80,965	40,280	40,685	75.7	74.3	77.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,560	2,825	2,730	5.2	5.2	5.2
Anabaptist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	220	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	73,195	36,330	36,865	68.5	67.0	69.9
Christian Orthodox	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	470	220	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	275	130	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	500	290	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	685	380	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	24,950	13,380	11,565	23.3	24.7	21.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,920	53,665	52,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,795	48,100	46,690	89.5	89.6	89.4
Movers	11,125	5,565	5,560	10.5	10.4	10.6
Non-migrants	5,630	2,795	2,840	5.3	5.2	5.4
Migrants	5,495	2,775	2,725	5.2	5.2	5.2
Internal migrants	5,230	2,615	2,615	4.9	4.9	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,140	2,550	2,590	4.9	4.8	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
External migrants	265	160	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,360	51,305	50,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,680	33,955	32,725	65.8	66.2	65.4
Movers	34,680	17,350	17,330	34.2	33.8	34.6
Non-migrants	12,565	6,300	6,265	12.4	12.3	12.5
Migrants	22,115	11,045	11,065	21.8	21.5	22.1
Internal migrants	21,205	10,460	10,745	20.9	20.4	21.5
Intraprovincial migrants	20,885	10,295	10,595	20.6	20.1	21.2
Interprovincial migrants	320	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	910	585	325	0.9	1.1	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,380	44,545	43,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,890	13,755	10,135	27.0	30.9	23.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,490	30,790	33,700	73.0	69.1	76.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,975	27,370	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,870	6,875	3,995	20.1	25.1	15.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,105	20,485	22,615	79.9	74.8	85.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,385	44,550	43,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,990	11,570	9,420	23.7	26.0	21.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,135	9,150	9,985	21.6	20.5	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,260	23,820	24,435	54.6	53.5	55.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,025	19,300	17,725	41.9	43.3	40.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,790	12,520	7,270	22.4	28.1	16.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,815	8,480	6,335	16.8	19.0	14.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,975	4,045	935	5.6	9.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,925	5,915	9,000	16.9	13.3	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,310	855	1,455	2.6	1.9	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,235	4,520	6,710	12.7	10.1	15.3
Bachelor's degree	7,560	2,820	4,740	8.6	6.3	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,045	470	580	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	225	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	1,955	865	1,090	2.2	1.9	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	145	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,975	27,365	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,885	5,410	3,470	16.5	19.8	13.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,760	4,925	4,840	18.1	18.0	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,330	17,030	18,300	65.5	62.2	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,760	13,855	12,910	49.6	50.6	48.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,925	9,250	5,680	27.7	33.8	21.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,290	6,275	5,010	20.9	22.9	18.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,635	2,970	665	6.7	10.9	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,460	4,130	6,325	19.4	15.1	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,385	480	905	2.6	1.8	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,570	3,170	5,395	15.9	11.6	20.3
Bachelor's degree	5,755	2,035	3,720	10.7	7.4	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	280	485	1.4	1.0	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	150	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	1,525	605	920	2.8	2.2	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,385	44,550	43,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,125	20,725	19,400	45.4	46.5	44.3
Education	4,145	880	3,265	4.7	2.0	7.4
13. Education	4,145	880	3,265	4.7	2.0	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,210	435	775	1.4	1.0	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,085	365	725	1.2	0.8	1.7
Humanities	1,965	805	1,160	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,060	440	620	1.2	1.0	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	135	95	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	295	80	215	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,995	665	2,325	3.4	1.5	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	95	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	50	945	1.1	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	420	130	290	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	630	130	500	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	520	255	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Business, management and public administration	9,925	3,060	6,870	11.2	6.9	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	115	565	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,250	2,950	6,305	10.5	6.6	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	940	490	445	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	210	135	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940	620	320	1.1	1.4	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	775	555	215	0.9	1.2	0.5
25. Library science	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,955	12,235	720	14.7	27.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	230	140	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	890	785	105	1.0	1.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,190	1,990	205	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,095	3,050	40	3.5	6.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,340	3,240	100	3.8	7.3	0.2
48. Precision production	3,210	3,025	185	3.6	6.8	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,485	1,630	855	2.8	3.7	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,915	1,150	765	2.2	2.6	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	475	85	0.6	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	6,645	950	5,695	7.5	2.1	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	115	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,185	750	5,435	7.0	1.7	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,035	2,045	1,990	4.6	4.6	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,285	580	1,705	2.6	1.3	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	615	495	120	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	960	160	1.3	2.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,975	27,370	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,645	10,340	8,305	34.5	37.8	31.2
Education	2,655	440	2,210	4.9	1.6	8.3
13. Education	2,655	440	2,210	4.9	1.6	8.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	320	570	1.6	1.2	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	790	260	530	1.5	0.9	2.0
Humanities	1,140	490	650	2.1	1.8	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	605	285	320	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	45	125	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,280	410	1,870	4.2	1.5	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	75	190	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	830	30	805	1.5	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	280	65	215	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	470	55	410	0.9	0.2	1.5
45. Social sciences	365	170	195	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,600	2,185	5,415	14.1	8.0	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	535	65	470	1.0	0.2	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,065	2,120	4,945	13.1	7.7	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	305	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	125	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	90	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	770	525	250	1.4	1.9	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	660	495	170	1.2	1.8	0.6
25. Library science	65	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,420	8,815	610	17.5	32.2	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	710	625	85	1.3	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,565	1,400	170	2.9	5.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,210	2,175	30	4.1	7.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,500	2,420	85	4.6	8.8	0.3
48. Precision production	2,270	2,110	160	4.2	7.7	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,055	1,315	740	3.8	4.8	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,555	900	660	2.9	3.3	2.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	415	85	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	4,795	660	4,130	8.9	2.4	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,435	520	3,925	8.2	1.9	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,175	1,570	1,605	5.9	5.7	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,760	385	1,375	3.3	1.4	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	390	100	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	910	780	125	1.7	2.8	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,975	27,370	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,645	10,340	8,305	34.5	37.8	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,330	17,025	18,305	65.5	62.2	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	34,455	16,535	17,920	63.8	60.4	67.4
Same as province or territory of residence	34,105	16,330	17,780	63.2	59.7	66.8
Different than province or territory of residence	355	210	145	0.7	0.8	0.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	870	495	385	1.6	1.8	1.4
Americas	255	145	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
United States of America	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	355	185	170	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belgium	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	225	125	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	170	115	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,385	44,550	43,835	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,675	28,950	25,725	...	...	...
Employed	52,075	27,615	24,455	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,600	1,335	1,270	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,710	15,600	18,110	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.9	65.0	58.7	61.9	65.0	58.7
Employment rate	58.9	62.0	55.8	58.9	62.0	55.8
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,385	44,550	43,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,935	14,915	18,020	37.3	33.5	41.1
Worked	55,445	29,635	25,810	62.7	66.5	58.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,295	16,515	12,775	33.1	37.1	29.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,155	13,115	13,040	29.6	29.4	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.6	42.1	42.4	42.6	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,675	28,950	25,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	450	1.4	1.1	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,900	28,630	25,270	98.6	98.9	98.2
Employee	46,690	24,290	22,400	85.4	83.9	87.1
Permanent position	40,085	21,010	19,075	73.3	72.6	74.1
Temporary position	6,600	3,280	3,325	12.1	11.3	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,900	755	1,145	3.5	2.6	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,705	2,530	2,175	8.6	8.7	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,210	4,340	2,870	13.2	15.0	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,675	28,950	25,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	450	1.4	1.1	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,900	28,630	25,270	98.6	98.9	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	910	645	265	1.7	2.2	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,400	1,990	5,415	13.5	6.9	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,845	2,100	740	5.2	7.3	2.9
3 Health occupations	4,315	690	3,625	7.9	2.4	14.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,740	1,290	4,445	10.5	4.5	17.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,055	505	550	1.9	1.7	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,475	5,120	7,360	22.8	17.7	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,160	10,455	705	20.4	36.1	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,560	1,865	695	4.7	6.4	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,445	3,975	1,470	10.0	13.7	5.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,675	28,950	25,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	450	1.4	1.1	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	53,900	28,630	25,270	98.6	98.9	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,665	1,830	835	4.9	6.3	3.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	235	200	30	0.4	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	295	255	35	0.5	0.9	0.1
23 Construction	4,030	3,525	505	7.4	12.2	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	10,960	8,010	2,950	20.0	27.7	11.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,805	1,240	565	3.3	4.3	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,510	2,990	3,520	11.9	10.3	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,090	1,655	430	3.8	5.7	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	380	225	155	0.7	0.8	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	985	320	670	1.8	1.1	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	420	225	195	0.8	0.8	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,560	1,220	1,335	4.7	4.2	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,710	980	730	3.1	3.4	2.8
61 Educational services	3,570	865	2,705	6.5	3.0	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,850	1,200	6,655	14.4	4.1	25.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	535	275	260	1.0	0.9	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,795	1,055	1,740	5.1	3.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,755	1,580	1,175	5.0	5.5	4.6
91 Public administration	1,730	950	785	3.2	3.3	3.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,515	31,120	27,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	735	430	305	1.3	1.4	1.1
French	51,420	26,945	24,475	87.9	86.6	89.3
Non-official language	185	165	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	185	165	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
English and French	5,835	3,410	2,425	10.0	11.0	8.9
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	70	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,515	31,120	27,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,800	30,715	27,085	98.8	98.7	98.9
Official languages	57,600	30,535	27,060	98.4	98.1	98.8
English	1,495	830	665	2.6	2.7	2.4
French	56,105	29,705	26,395	95.9	95.5	96.3
Non-official languages	200	175	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	200	175	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	175	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	165	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	165	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	720	405	315	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	650	370	285	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,515	31,120	27,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,015	27,935	25,085	90.6	89.8	91.6
English	4,485	2,660	1,820	7.7	8.5	6.6
French	750	405	345	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-official language	165	75	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	75	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,075	27,615	24,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,860	3,355	3,505	13.2	12.1	14.3
Worked outside Canada	80	70	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,380	4,135	1,245	10.3	15.0	5.1
Usual place of work	39,750	20,055	19,700	76.3	72.6	80.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,755	20,055	19,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,775	8,970	9,795	47.2	44.7	49.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,630	4,905	4,720	24.2	24.5	24.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,300	6,130	5,170	28.4	30.6	26.3
Commute to a different province or territory	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,135	24,185	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,375	22,170	19,205	91.7	91.7	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,270	21,155	18,110	87.0	87.5	86.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,105	1,015	1,090	4.7	4.2	5.2
Public transit	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Walked	2,415	1,180	1,235	5.4	4.9	5.9
Bicycle	370	315	60	0.8	1.3	0.3
Other method	820	435	385	1.8	1.8	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,135	24,185	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,770	10,875	10,895	48.2	45.0	52.0
15 to 29 minutes	14,205	7,680	6,520	31.5	31.8	31.1
30 to 44 minutes	5,590	3,215	2,380	12.4	13.3	11.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,840	1,105	735	4.1	4.6	3.5
60 minutes and over	1,730	1,315	415	3.8	5.4	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,135	24,185	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,780	2,155	625	6.2	8.9	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,130	6,440	2,690	20.2	26.6	12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,985	7,835	8,155	35.4	32.4	38.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,860	3,065	4,795	17.4	12.7	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,025	1,095	1,925	6.7	4.5	9.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,350	3,600	2,755	14.1	14.9	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,330	11,630	10,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,435	1,825	1,610	15.4	15.7	15.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,895	9,805	9,090	84.6	84.3	85.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,325	8,500	7,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,755	1,465	1,285	16.9	17.2	16.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,150	1,125	1,025	13.2	13.2	13.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	605	350	260	3.7	4.1	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,570	7,030	6,540	83.1	82.7	83.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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