Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	RepentignyMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,525	54,115	57,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,160	10,355	9,805	18.1	19.1	17.1
0 to 4 years	5,510	2,865	2,640	4.9	5.3	4.6
5 to 9 years	7,000	3,585	3,410	6.3	6.6	5.9
10 to 14 years	7,655	3,900	3,750	6.9	7.2	6.5
15 to 64 years	68,480	33,460	35,020	61.4	61.8	61.0
15 to 19 years	6,205	3,180	3,030	5.6	5.9	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,375	2,770	2,600	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,395	2,750	2,635	4.8	5.1	4.6
30 to 34 years	5,740	2,690	3,055	5.1	5.0	5.3
35 to 39 years	6,740	3,155	3,580	6.0	5.8	6.2
40 to 44 years	7,645	3,630	4,020	6.9	6.7	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,265	3,595	3,670	6.5	6.6	6.4
50 to 54 years	7,160	3,445	3,715	6.4	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	8,300	4,070	4,230	7.4	7.5	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,650	4,170	4,480	7.8	7.7	7.8
65 years and over	22,890	10,305	12,580	20.5	19.0	21.9
65 to 69 years	7,210	3,360	3,850	6.5	6.2	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,045	2,775	3,270	5.4	5.1	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,480	2,115	2,365	4.0	3.9	4.1
80 to 84 years	2,600	1,135	1,465	2.3	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	2,550	925	1,625	2.3	1.7	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,655	625	1,035	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	730	265	465	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	145	35	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.1	19.1	17.1	18.1	19.1	17.1
15 to 64 years	61.4	61.8	61.0	61.4	61.8	61.0
65 years and over	20.5	19.0	21.9	20.5	19.0	21.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	2.8	2.3	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	42.6	41.6	43.7	42.6	41.6	43.7
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,740	...	...	57.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,870	...	...	6.4	...	...
Row house	855	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,240	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,830	...	...	28.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,245	...	...	2.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,100	...	...	26.8	...	...
2 persons	16,440	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	6,630	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	6,250	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,670	...	...	8.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,985	53,600	56,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,365	43,765	47,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,075	27,470	27,605	60.3	62.8	58.0
Married	32,125	16,015	16,110	35.2	36.6	33.8
Living common-law	22,950	11,455	11,500	25.1	26.2	24.2
Living common law - Never married	18,030	8,940	9,090	19.7	20.4	19.1
Living common law - Separated	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,110	2,135	1,980	4.5	4.9	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	600	275	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	36,290	16,295	19,995	39.7	37.2	42.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,405	12,620	11,790	26.7	28.8	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,165	470	695	1.3	1.1	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,845	2,035	3,815	6.4	4.6	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,875	1,175	3,700	5.3	2.7	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,910	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	6,500	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	6,100	...	...	18.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,935	...	...	9.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,095	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	15,630	...	...	48.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,065	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	8,565	...	...	26.4	...	...
Common-law couples	11,465	...	...	35.3	...	...
With children⁶	6,180	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	5,290	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,345	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,965	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,375	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,985	53,600	56,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,370	46,290	47,075	84.9	86.4	83.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,195	27,060	27,140	49.3	50.5	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,345	1,380	3,965	4.9	2.6	7.0
Children⁶	33,830	17,850	15,975	30.8	33.3	28.3
In a two-parent family	25,400	13,385	12,010	23.1	25.0	21.3
In a one-parent family	8,430	4,465	3,965	7.7	8.3	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,615	7,305	9,310	15.1	13.6	16.5
Living alone	12,100	5,120	6,975	11.0	9.6	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,395	985	1,410	2.2	1.8	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,125	1,205	920	1.9	2.2	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,655	...	...	65.8	...	...
Couple-family households	25,210	...	...	55.9	...	...
With children⁶	12,230	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	12,975	...	...	28.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,445	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,070	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,090	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	12,100	...	...	26.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,835	43,250	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,515	42,120	45,395	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,800	39,600	44,800	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,535	42,130	45,405	97.4	97.4	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,200	39,200	43,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,565	39,725	40,840	89.7	91.8	87.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,000	30,000	36,800	44,000	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,825	32,540	31,290	71.0	75.2	67.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	34,800	40,000	46,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,740	32,435	39,315	79.9	75.0	84.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,000	12,400	11,600	10,000	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,375	5,415	4,960	11.5	12.5	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,640	5,480	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,455	12,850	11,605	27.2	29.7	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,915	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,655	42,200	45,450	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	59,950	45,360	52,400	59,950	45,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,680	42,220	45,455	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	48,080	38,520	43,120	48,080	38,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,565	39,630	40,930	89.6	91.5	87.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	54,500	37,520	45,880	54,500	37,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,845	32,660	31,180	71.0	75.4	66.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,160	53,600	40,440	47,160	53,600	40,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,765	32,425	39,345	79.8	74.9	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,480	11,410	13,360	12,480	11,410	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,565	5,500	5,065	11.7	12.7	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	5,960	7,860	6,870	5,960	7,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,455	12,880	11,575	27.2	29.8	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,380	8,160	7,750	7,380	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,915	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,540	16,915	14,625	35.1	39.1	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,500	55,600	62,000	68,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	76,100	60,950	69,100	76,100	60,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,205	11,895	13,310	28.0	27.5	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,200	17,600	20,000	24,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	34,800	24,600	29,400	34,800	24,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	85.4	74.4	80.4	85.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	69.2	61.2	65.6	69.2	61.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	14.6	25.5	19.5	14.6	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.2	5.6	4.8	4.2	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.8	4.6	4.1	3.8	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,835	43,250	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,325	1,130	1,195	2.6	2.6	2.6
With total income	87,515	42,120	45,395	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,330	2,115	3,215	6.1	5.0	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,905	3,225	5,680	10.2	7.6	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,230	5,330	7,900	15.1	12.7	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,950	4,760	6,185	12.5	11.3	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,100	5,155	5,945	12.7	12.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,650	4,795	4,860	11.0	11.4	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,450	3,940	3,510	8.5	9.3	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,750	3,325	2,425	6.6	7.9	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,470	2,545	1,925	5.1	6.0	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,175	1,840	1,340	3.6	4.4	3.0
$100,000 and over	7,505	5,095	2,410	8.6	12.1	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,585	3,660	1,930	6.4	8.7	4.3
$150,000 and over	1,920	1,440	485	2.2	3.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,835	43,250	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,300	1,120	1,180	2.6	2.6	2.5
With after-tax income	87,535	42,130	45,405	97.4	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,860	2,225	3,635	6.7	5.3	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,515	3,490	6,020	10.9	8.3	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,430	6,335	9,095	17.6	15.0	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,095	6,565	7,530	16.1	15.6	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,565	6,750	6,815	15.5	16.0	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,145	5,440	4,700	11.6	12.9	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,485	4,210	3,275	8.6	10.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585	2,590	1,995	5.2	6.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,625	1,030	3.0	3.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,490	975	520	1.7	2.3	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,705	1,925	780	3.1	4.6	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,575	1,070	500	1.8	2.6	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,130	850	280	1.3	2.0	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,835	43,250	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,010	10,710	15,300	29.0	24.8	32.8
With employment income	63,825	32,540	31,290	71.1	75.2	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,990	4,220	3,770	12.5	13.0	12.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,720	1,980	2,740	7.4	6.1	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,085	2,935	4,155	11.1	9.0	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,000	2,585	3,415	9.4	7.9	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,025	2,750	3,265	9.4	8.5	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,410	2,880	3,530	10.0	8.8	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,575	2,825	2,750	8.7	8.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,700	2,670	2,020	7.4	8.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	2,355	1,580	6.2	7.2	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,630	2,025	1,605	5.7	6.2	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,140	1,350	790	3.4	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,625	3,960	1,665	8.8	12.2	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,045	2,045	995	4.8	6.3	3.2
$125,000 and over	2,585	1,915	670	4.0	5.9	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,835	43,250	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,785	41,280	44,505	95.5	95.4	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,400	36,800	42,800	50,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,845	41,290	44,550	95.6	95.5	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,800	33,200	37,600	42,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,235	39,205	40,030	88.2	90.6	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	31,000	38,000	46,000	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,000	32,665	31,335	71.2	75.5	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,800	40,400	48,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,365	27,960	36,410	71.6	64.6	78.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,650	9,600	8,600	6,650	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,470	5,015	4,460	10.5	11.6	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,080	5,080	4,520	4,080	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,915	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,010	41,490	44,520	95.7	95.8	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,480	59,050	42,480	50,480	59,050	42,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,035	41,490	44,550	95.7	95.8	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280	46,960	35,960	41,280	46,960	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,375	39,335	40,045	88.3	90.9	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,640	56,100	37,400	46,640	56,100	37,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,180	32,965	31,215	71.4	76.1	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	54,950	39,560	47,480	54,950	39,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,275	27,755	36,515	71.5	64.1	78.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930	8,780	10,810	9,930	8,780	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,460	4,980	4,485	10.5	11.5	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	5,150	8,610	6,790	5,150	8,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,915	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,485	16,920	14,565	35.0	39.1	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	67,000	50,800	58,800	67,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	73,800	55,850	65,500	73,800	55,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,840	11,435	12,400	26.5	26.4	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	31,400	22,400	25,600	31,400	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,640	41,560	28,280	34,640	41,560	28,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	90.0	79.2	85.2	90.0	79.2
Employment income (%)	70.2	74.0	65.2	70.2	74.0	65.2
Government transfers (%)	14.7	9.9	20.8	14.7	9.9	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.0	1.5	1.1	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,760	...	...	50,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,375	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,180	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,575	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,795	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,825	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,285	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,930	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,065	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,805	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,050	...	...	42.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,020	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,460	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,245	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,330	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	510	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,870	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,695	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,505	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,085	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,210	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,160	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,130	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,875	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,470	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,165	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,060	...	...	31.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,095	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,860	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,110	...	...	9.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,225	6,325	7,900	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	47,600	37,600	42,000	47,600	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,400	34,000	36,800	40,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...	99,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...	100,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,200	...	...	154,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...	73,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,225	6,345	7,885	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,880	54,950	44,000	48,880	54,950	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,960	44,720	37,960	40,960	44,720	37,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,985	53,600	56,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,990	12,310	11,680	21.8	23.0	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,795	3,505	3,285	6.2	6.5	5.8
18 to 64 years	64,540	31,440	33,100	58.7	58.7	58.7
65 years and over	21,455	9,850	11,605	19.5	18.4	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,100	2,845	4,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,265	630	640	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	200	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,110	1,375	1,730	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,725	835	1,885	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.5	5.3	7.5	6.5	5.3	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.1	5.4	5.3	5.1	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.7	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.4	5.2	4.8	4.4	5.2
65 years and over (%)	12.7	8.5	16.3	12.7	8.5	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,985	53,600	56,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,990	12,310	11,680	21.8	23.0	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,795	3,505	3,285	6.2	6.5	5.8
18 to 64 years	64,540	31,440	33,100	58.7	58.7	58.7
65 years and over	21,455	9,850	11,605	19.5	18.4	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,975	1,330	1,645	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	460	225	235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,860	905	955	...	...	...
65 years and over	655	205	455	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.0	3.9	3.1	2.0	3.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,985	53,600	56,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,650	24,595	28,060	47.9	45.9	49.8
In bottom decile	5,750	2,395	3,350	5.2	4.5	5.9
In second decile	9,205	4,035	5,165	8.4	7.5	9.2
In third decile	11,325	5,340	5,985	10.3	10.0	10.6
In fourth decile	12,865	6,195	6,670	11.7	11.6	11.8
In fifth decile	13,515	6,620	6,890	12.3	12.4	12.2
In top half of the distribution	57,335	29,005	28,325	52.1	54.1	50.2
In sixth decile	14,430	7,170	7,255	13.1	13.4	12.9
In seventh decile	13,705	6,895	6,815	12.5	12.9	12.1
In eighth decile	12,560	6,400	6,155	11.4	11.9	10.9
In ninth decile	10,125	5,215	4,905	9.2	9.7	8.7
In top decile	6,515	3,325	3,195	5.9	6.2	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,985	...	...	109,985	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.384	...	...	0.384	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.234	...	...	0.234	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,920	53,880	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	405	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
French only	62,840	28,180	34,660	56.7	52.3	60.8
English and French	47,365	25,385	21,975	42.7	47.1	38.5
Neither English nor French	310	95	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,920	53,880	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,540	1,280	1,265	2.3	2.4	2.2
French	106,290	51,545	54,745	95.8	95.7	96.0
English and French	1,795	965	830	1.6	1.8	1.5
Neither English nor French	290	90	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,920	53,880	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,085	52,480	55,610	97.4	97.4	97.5
Official languages	98,810	47,960	50,855	89.1	89.0	89.2
English	1,690	845	845	1.5	1.6	1.5
French	97,120	47,115	50,005	87.6	87.4	87.7
Non-official languages	9,275	4,520	4,755	8.4	8.4	8.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,270	4,520	4,755	8.4	8.4	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,580	1,340	1,245	2.3	2.5	2.2
Berber languages	695	365	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kabyle	660	345	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Tamazight	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,870	965	905	1.7	1.8	1.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,875	965	910	1.7	1.8	1.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,935	850	1,080	1.7	1.6	1.9
Haitian Creole	1,655	735	925	1.5	1.4	1.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,900	1,960	1,940	3.5	3.6	3.4
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,380	1,705	1,675	3.0	3.2	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	545	300	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	2,205	1,085	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	355	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,830	1,400	1,430	2.6	2.6	2.5
English and French	965	505	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,505	725	780	1.4	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,920	53,880	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,105	555	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	95,150	46,090	49,060	85.8	85.5	86.0
Non-official language	1,705	785	915	1.5	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,700	785	915	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	4,020	2,155	1,865	3.6	4.0	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	6,345	3,025	3,315	5.7	5.6	5.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,335	1,140	1,195	2.1	2.1	2.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,920	53,880	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,665	52,300	55,370	97.1	97.1	97.1
Official languages	104,015	50,565	53,450	93.8	93.8	93.7
English	1,930	970	960	1.7	1.8	1.7
French	102,085	49,600	52,485	92.0	92.1	92.0
Non-official languages	3,655	1,735	1,925	3.3	3.2	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,650	1,735	1,915	3.3	3.2	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	945	460	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	325	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	680	325	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	610	240	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian Creole	530	205	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,750	870	875	1.6	1.6	1.5
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,515	765	750	1.4	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,220	610	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,250	1,580	1,670	2.9	2.9	2.9
English and French	1,035	525	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,800	855	945	1.6	1.6	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,920	53,880	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	100,580	48,710	51,865	90.7	90.4	90.9
English	2,955	1,600	1,360	2.7	3.0	2.4
French	2,040	990	1,055	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official language	3,595	1,710	1,885	3.2	3.2	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,590	1,710	1,885	3.2	3.2	3.3
English and French	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	505	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	275	135	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,070	53,670	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,765	53,595	56,175	99.7	99.9	99.6
English	47,725	25,825	21,900	43.4	48.1	38.8
French	109,375	53,380	56,000	99.4	99.5	99.3
Non-official languages	17,620	8,390	9,235	16.0	15.6	16.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,605	8,390	9,215	16.0	15.6	16.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,365	2,205	2,165	4.0	4.1	3.8
Berber languages	1,165	615	550	1.1	1.1	1.0
Kabyle	1,075	565	515	1.0	1.1	0.9
Tamazight	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,755	1,885	1,875	3.4	3.5	3.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,740	1,870	1,870	3.4	3.5	3.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	100	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,335	1,980	2,360	3.9	3.7	4.2
Haitian Creole	4,190	1,920	2,270	3.8	3.6	4.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	385	145	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,650	3,675	3,975	7.0	6.8	7.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	195	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	425	195	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	50	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,860	3,265	3,590	6.2	6.1	6.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,325	695	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
Portuguese	455	270	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	360	205	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Spanish	5,055	2,265	2,790	4.6	4.2	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	920	425	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,070	53,670	56,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,275	635	645	1.2	1.2	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,205	585	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	755	350	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	460	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	108,790	53,035	55,760	98.8	98.8	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,070	53,670	56,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	200	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,865	53,550	56,320	99.8	99.8	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,510	...	...	74.3	...	...
Renter	11,600	...	...	25.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,280	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not condominium	37,830	...	...	83.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,170	...	...	9.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,510	...	...	29.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,320	...	...	34.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,970	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,860	...	...	28.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,725	...	...	12.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,230	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,095	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,205	...	...	33.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,835	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,040	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,070	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,820	...	...	8.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,240	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,120	...	...	22.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,230	...	...	13.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,450	...	...	7.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,190	...	...	9.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,420	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,645	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,005	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,105	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,020	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,010	...	...	48.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,080	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,740	...	...	10.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,840	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,545	...	...	18.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,905	...	...	22.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,915	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,350	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,230	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,800	...	...	86.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,215	...	...	13.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,835	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,900	...	...	19.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,820	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	910	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,680	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,210	...	...	80.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,300	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not in core need	42,330	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.5	...	...	67.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	357,600	...	...	357,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,595	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.4	...	...	27.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	959	...	...	959	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,070	53,670	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,240	595	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,230	600	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,120	535	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis single ancestry	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,065	990	1,080	1.9	1.8	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,055	980	1,075	1.9	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,905	910	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,765	52,080	54,680	97.0	97.0	96.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,070	53,670	56,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,040	52,690	55,355	98.2	98.2	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,650	12,135	11,515	21.5	22.6	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,395	40,555	43,840	76.7	75.6	77.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,025	980	1,055	1.8	1.8	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,070	53,670	56,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,775	47,780	50,005	88.8	89.0	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	11,850	5,655	6,195	10.8	10.5	11.0
Before 1980	1,175	615	555	1.1	1.1	1.0
1980 to 1990	1,265	540	730	1.1	1.0	1.3
1991 to 2000	2,035	985	1,045	1.8	1.8	1.9
2001 to 2010	4,420	2,140	2,275	4.0	4.0	4.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,955	1,365	1,590	2.7	2.5	2.8
2011 to 2015	2,120	970	1,145	1.9	1.8	2.0
2016 to 2021	840	395	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	440	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,850	5,655	6,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,230	550	685	10.4	9.7	11.1
5 to 14 years	2,210	1,050	1,160	18.6	18.6	18.7
15 to 24 years	2,150	935	1,215	18.1	16.5	19.6
25 to 44 years	5,635	2,870	2,765	47.6	50.8	44.6
45 years and over	625	250	375	5.3	4.4	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,850	5,655	6,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,125	2,340	2,790	43.2	41.4	45.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	235	95	145	2.0	1.7	2.3
El Salvador	160	80	80	1.4	1.4	1.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	3,225	1,435	1,790	27.2	25.4	28.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	200	85	110	1.7	1.5	1.8
Peru	245	115	130	2.1	2.0	2.1
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
United States of America	235	130	105	2.0	2.3	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	790	390	405	6.7	6.9	6.5
Europe	1,640	825	815	13.8	14.6	13.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	585	290	300	4.9	5.1	4.8
Germany	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Greece	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	215	110	105	1.8	1.9	1.7
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portugal	145	80	65	1.2	1.4	1.0
Romania	130	75	55	1.1	1.3	0.9
Russian Federation	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	320	155	165	2.7	2.7	2.7
Africa	4,340	2,140	2,205	36.6	37.8	35.6
Algeria	1,705	880	825	14.4	15.6	13.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	430	185	240	3.6	3.3	3.9
Egypt	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,160	565	600	9.8	10.0	9.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,005	495	510	8.5	8.8	8.2
Asia	745	360	390	6.3	6.4	6.3
Afghanistan	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iraq	20	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	80	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	85	30	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	65	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	260	115	145	2.2	2.0	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	840	395	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	165	155	38.7	41.8	35.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	210	110	105	25.0	27.8	23.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	20	0	3.0	5.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	40	8.9	8.9	9.1
Europe	90	55	35	10.7	13.9	8.0
France	65	40	25	7.7	10.1	5.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.3
Africa	365	150	220	43.5	38.0	50.0
Algeria	155	65	85	18.5	16.5	19.3
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	20	10	10	2.4	2.5	2.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	20	45	8.3	5.1	10.2
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	15	25	4.8	3.8	5.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	15	1.8	2.5	3.4
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	20	5.4	6.3	4.5
Asia	55	25	25	6.5	6.3	5.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	0	2.4	2.5	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,075	53,665	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,700	6,060	6,635	11.5	11.3	11.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,530	5,860	5,665	10.5	10.9	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,845	41,745	44,100	78.0	77.8	78.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,675	5,035	5,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,895	2,550	2,345	45.9	50.6	41.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,190	1,460	725	20.5	29.0	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,705	1,090	1,615	25.3	21.6	28.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,695	1,500	2,200	34.6	29.8	39.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,865	885	980	17.5	17.6	17.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	225	105	120	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,675	5,035	5,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,565	795	765	14.7	15.8	13.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	560	280	280	5.2	5.6	5.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	150	75	75	1.4	1.5	1.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	225	140	85	2.1	2.8	1.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	20	85	1.0	0.4	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,060	3,715	4,340	75.5	73.8	77.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,070	53,670	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,715	8,060	8,655	15.2	15.0	15.3
South Asian	80	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	320	125	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	9,320	4,455	4,865	8.5	8.3	8.6
Filipino	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	3,615	1,810	1,805	3.3	3.4	3.2
Latin American	2,255	1,105	1,150	2.0	2.1	2.0
Southeast Asian	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	305	110	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	93,360	45,610	47,750	84.8	85.0	84.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,070	53,670	56,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,835	17,785	19,050	33.5	33.1	33.8
English	1,135	475	660	1.0	0.9	1.2
Irish	4,060	1,895	2,165	3.7	3.5	3.8
Scottish	1,380	710	675	1.3	1.3	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,910	11,440	11,465	20.8	21.3	20.3
German	1,085	515	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	385	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italian	4,170	2,100	2,070	3.8	3.9	3.7
Indian (India)	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	485	255	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Québécois	15,575	7,485	8,090	14.2	13.9	14.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	7,820	3,795	4,025	7.1	7.1	7.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,515	770	745	1.4	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,410	670	735	1.3	1.2	1.3
Métis	275	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	905	495	405	0.8	0.9	0.7
Russian	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	785	440	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
American	500	255	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	900	470	430	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,205	470	735	1.1	0.9	1.3
Pakistani	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,580	760	820	1.4	1.4	1.5
Jewish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,620	785	830	1.5	1.5	1.5
Greek	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	65	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	325	195	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Lebanese	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	820	390	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	385	190	200	0.3	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	620	335	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	5,950	2,855	3,100	5.4	5.3	5.5
Hindu	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	420	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	365	150	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	1,290	595	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,250	615	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
Brazilian	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	295	180	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	130	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	430	180	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber	990	505	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	155	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guatemalan	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	650	340	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,070	53,670	56,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian	77,160	36,780	40,380	70.1	68.5	71.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,160	3,575	3,585	6.5	6.7	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baptist	725	370	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catholic	65,610	31,050	34,560	59.6	57.9	61.3
Christian Orthodox	600	330	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	430	180	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	565	270	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,775	870	905	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	5,385	2,660	2,720	4.9	5.0	4.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	26,985	13,960	13,025	24.5	26.0	23.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,190	53,235	55,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,830	48,290	50,540	90.5	90.7	90.3
Movers	10,355	4,950	5,410	9.5	9.3	9.7
Non-migrants	4,285	2,020	2,260	3.9	3.8	4.0
Migrants	6,075	2,925	3,150	5.6	5.5	5.6
Internal migrants	5,900	2,845	3,055	5.4	5.3	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,840	2,825	3,015	5.3	5.3	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
External migrants	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,550	50,790	53,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,450	33,140	34,310	64.5	65.2	63.8
Movers	37,100	17,645	19,455	35.5	34.7	36.2
Non-migrants	11,685	5,495	6,185	11.2	10.8	11.5
Migrants	25,415	12,150	13,260	24.3	23.9	24.7
Internal migrants	24,540	11,780	12,755	23.5	23.2	23.7
Intraprovincial migrants	24,350	11,675	12,665	23.3	23.0	23.6
Interprovincial migrants	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	875	370	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,910	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,300	9,235	8,065	19.2	21.3	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,615	34,060	38,555	80.8	78.7	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,835	27,420	29,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,485	4,435	3,045	13.2	16.2	10.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,355	22,980	26,375	86.8	83.8	89.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,915	43,295	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,110	7,730	7,380	16.8	17.9	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,110	10,200	11,905	24.6	23.6	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,685	25,360	27,330	58.6	58.6	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,410	18,895	18,510	41.6	43.6	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,805	10,075	6,735	18.7	23.3	14.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,800	6,025	5,770	13.1	13.9	12.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,005	4,050	960	5.6	9.4	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,680	7,225	9,455	18.6	16.7	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,930	1,605	2,325	4.4	3.7	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,275	6,460	8,820	17.0	14.9	18.9
Bachelor's degree	11,030	4,480	6,555	12.3	10.3	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,390	620	775	1.5	1.4	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	165	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,135	1,030	1,110	2.4	2.4	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	335	170	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,840	27,420	29,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,930	3,420	2,515	10.4	12.5	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,915	5,355	5,560	19.2	19.5	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,995	18,645	21,345	70.4	68.0	72.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,855	13,805	14,045	49.0	50.3	47.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,980	7,570	5,415	22.8	27.6	18.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,145	4,460	4,685	16.1	16.3	15.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,840	3,110	730	6.8	11.3	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,965	5,065	6,900	21.1	18.5	23.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,900	1,175	1,730	5.1	4.3	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,140	4,835	7,305	21.4	17.6	24.8
Bachelor's degree	8,755	3,355	5,390	15.4	12.2	18.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,090	455	630	1.9	1.7	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	120	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,680	760	925	3.0	2.8	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	140	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,915	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,225	17,935	19,290	41.4	41.4	41.4
Education	4,400	990	3,415	4.9	2.3	7.3
13. Education	4,400	990	3,415	4.9	2.3	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,680	750	925	1.9	1.7	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	215	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,420	535	885	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,250	890	1,365	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	40	205	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,455	600	850	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	265	75	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,225	1,165	3,055	4.7	2.7	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	160	305	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,105	90	1,020	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	875	270	605	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	730	155	565	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	945	460	485	1.1	1.1	1.0
Business, management and public administration	12,315	4,555	7,760	13.7	10.5	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	680	135	545	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,625	4,415	7,205	12.9	10.2	15.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,620	940	685	1.8	2.2	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	180	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	175	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	360	210	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
40. Physical sciences	310	235	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	230	140	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,050	1,470	585	2.3	3.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,740	1,325	420	1.9	3.1	0.9
25. Library science	165	30	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	90	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,695	10,815	875	13.0	25.0	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,400	1,210	190	1.6	2.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,250	2,000	250	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,500	3,395	105	3.9	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,360	2,285	75	2.6	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,875	1,795	85	2.1	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	580	320	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	7,425	1,190	6,230	8.3	2.7	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	180	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,915	975	5,940	7.7	2.3	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,425	2,265	2,165	4.9	5.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,210	425	1,790	2.5	1.0	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,315	1,000	315	1.5	2.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	885	820	60	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,835	27,420	29,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,850	8,775	8,070	29.6	32.0	27.4
Education	3,180	660	2,515	5.6	2.4	8.6
13. Education	3,180	660	2,515	5.6	2.4	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	555	760	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	155	35	0.3	0.6	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,125	400	720	2.0	1.5	2.4
Humanities	1,345	540	805	2.4	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	45	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	830	350	480	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	70	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	40	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,395	840	2,560	6.0	3.1	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	120	285	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	950	60	890	1.7	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	700	190	510	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	500	80	420	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	775	365	410	1.4	1.3	1.4
Business, management and public administration	9,465	3,290	6,175	16.7	12.0	21.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	85	440	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,935	3,205	5,735	15.7	11.7	19.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	540	410	1.7	2.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	155	205	0.6	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	230	160	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,625	1,190	435	2.9	4.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,395	1,095	300	2.5	4.0	1.0
25. Library science	130	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,770	8,020	750	15.4	29.2	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	240	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
14. Engineering	1,135	965	175	2.0	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	1,455	205	2.9	5.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,630	2,535	90	4.6	9.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	1,645	55	3.0	6.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,395	1,320	70	2.5	4.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	240	225	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	170	195	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	5,855	925	4,925	10.3	3.4	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	125	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,435	770	4,660	9.6	2.8	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,615	1,840	1,775	6.4	6.7	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,755	300	1,455	3.1	1.1	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,090	825	270	1.9	3.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	770	715	55	1.4	2.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,835	27,420	29,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,850	8,775	8,070	29.6	32.0	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,990	18,640	21,350	70.4	68.0	72.6
Location of study inside Canada	37,000	17,145	19,850	65.1	62.5	67.5
Same as province or territory of residence	36,625	16,960	19,665	64.4	61.9	66.9
Different than province or territory of residence	370	190	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,990	1,500	1,495	5.3	5.5	5.1
Americas	790	400	395	1.4	1.5	1.3
United States of America	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	340	175	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	655	375	280	1.2	1.4	1.0
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	355	195	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,400	670	725	2.5	2.4	2.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	755	380	370	1.3	1.4	1.3
Morocco	305	140	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Tunisia	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	235	85	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asia	150	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,915	43,290	46,620	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,060	29,435	28,625	...	...	...
Employed	54,615	27,695	26,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,445	1,735	1,705	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,855	13,860	17,995	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.6	68.0	61.4	64.6	68.0	61.4
Employment rate	60.7	64.0	57.7	60.7	64.0	57.7
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.9	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,915	43,290	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,530	13,505	18,020	35.1	31.2	38.7
Worked	58,380	29,785	28,595	64.9	68.8	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,105	17,280	14,820	35.7	39.9	31.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,275	12,500	13,775	29.2	28.9	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.7	42.2	42.7	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,055	29,430	28,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	485	565	1.8	1.6	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,010	28,950	28,060	98.2	98.4	98.0
Employee	51,045	25,345	25,705	87.9	86.1	89.8
Permanent position	43,825	21,980	21,845	75.5	74.7	76.3
Temporary position	7,220	3,365	3,860	12.4	11.4	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,340	1,015	1,335	4.0	3.4	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,880	2,350	2,530	8.4	8.0	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,965	3,605	2,360	10.3	12.2	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,055	29,430	28,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	485	565	1.8	1.6	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,010	28,950	28,060	98.2	98.4	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,030	810	225	1.8	2.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,415	3,360	7,055	17.9	11.4	24.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,535	2,725	805	6.1	9.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,635	905	4,735	9.7	3.1	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,595	2,095	5,505	13.1	7.1	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,325	685	640	2.3	2.3	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,105	6,470	7,635	24.3	22.0	26.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,760	9,915	845	18.5	33.7	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	500	420	80	0.9	1.4	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,110	1,580	535	3.6	5.4	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,055	29,430	28,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	485	565	1.8	1.6	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	57,010	28,950	28,060	98.2	98.4	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	215	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	115	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	525	395	125	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	5,550	4,820	730	9.6	16.4	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	4,685	3,500	1,190	8.1	11.9	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,930	1,315	610	3.3	4.5	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	7,625	3,535	4,085	13.1	12.0	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,020	2,275	745	5.2	7.7	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	980	635	340	1.7	2.2	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	2,365	900	1,460	4.1	3.1	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	890	500	390	1.5	1.7	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,435	1,845	1,585	5.9	6.3	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,130	1,280	850	3.7	4.3	3.0
61 Educational services	4,925	1,325	3,600	8.5	4.5	12.6
62 Health care and social assistance	9,345	1,665	7,680	16.1	5.7	26.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	755	385	370	1.3	1.3	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,675	1,185	1,490	4.6	4.0	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,340	1,180	1,160	4.0	4.0	4.1
91 Public administration	3,300	1,835	1,470	5.7	6.2	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,570	31,290	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	845	535	310	1.4	1.7	1.0
French	49,305	24,040	25,265	80.1	76.8	83.4
Non-official language	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	10,835	6,435	4,400	17.6	20.6	14.5
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	180	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	330	185	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,570	31,290	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,885	30,255	29,625	97.3	96.7	97.8
Official languages	59,805	30,240	29,560	97.1	96.6	97.6
English	2,230	1,420	810	3.6	4.5	2.7
French	57,575	28,820	28,750	93.5	92.1	94.9
Non-official languages	80	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,690	1,035	655	2.7	3.3	2.2
English and French	1,600	975	625	2.6	3.1	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,570	31,290	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,790	25,565	26,225	84.1	81.7	86.6
English	7,990	4,650	3,335	13.0	14.9	11.0
French	1,360	855	505	2.2	2.7	1.7
Non-official language	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,615	27,695	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,735	3,960	4,770	16.0	14.3	17.7
Worked outside Canada	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,090	5,430	1,660	13.0	19.6	6.2
Usual place of work	38,720	18,245	20,475	70.9	65.9	76.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,720	18,245	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,455	4,355	7,110	29.6	23.9	34.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,270	1,315	1,955	8.4	7.2	9.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,950	12,540	11,410	61.9	68.7	55.7
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,810	23,675	22,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,510	21,940	19,570	90.6	92.7	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,775	21,270	18,505	86.8	89.8	83.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,735	670	1,070	3.8	2.8	4.8
Public transit	2,025	755	1,270	4.4	3.2	5.7
Walked	1,450	525	930	3.2	2.2	4.2
Bicycle	300	225	80	0.7	1.0	0.4
Other method	525	245	280	1.1	1.0	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,810	23,675	22,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,750	4,235	6,515	23.5	17.9	29.4
15 to 29 minutes	13,770	6,705	7,065	30.1	28.3	31.9
30 to 44 minutes	11,395	6,865	4,525	24.9	29.0	20.4
45 to 59 minutes	5,060	3,035	2,025	11.0	12.8	9.1
60 minutes and over	4,840	2,840	2,000	10.6	12.0	9.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,810	23,675	22,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,460	4,355	1,105	11.9	18.4	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,875	5,210	3,660	19.4	22.0	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,115	4,585	6,530	24.3	19.4	29.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,735	2,975	4,760	16.9	12.6	21.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,220	1,645	2,575	9.2	6.9	11.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,410	4,905	3,505	18.4	20.7	15.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,410	12,530	11,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,415	1,255	1,155	9.9	10.0	9.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,995	11,280	10,715	90.1	90.0	90.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,490	9,455	9,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,835	950	885	9.9	10.0	9.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,260	640	620	6.8	6.8	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570	305	265	3.1	3.2	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,655	8,510	8,145	90.1	90.0	90.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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