Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	RepentignyMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	119,204	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	116,066	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,813	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,995	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	600.2	...	...	600.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	198.59	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,200	58,000	61,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,995	11,315	10,685	18.5	19.5	17.5
0 to 4 years	6,085	3,175	2,910	5.1	5.5	4.8
5 to 9 years	7,655	3,920	3,735	6.4	6.8	6.1
10 to 14 years	8,255	4,215	4,035	6.9	7.3	6.6
15 to 64 years	73,345	35,870	37,470	61.5	61.8	61.2
15 to 19 years	6,595	3,370	3,220	5.5	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,710	2,950	2,760	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,875	2,985	2,885	4.9	5.1	4.7
30 to 34 years	6,340	2,975	3,360	5.3	5.1	5.5
35 to 39 years	7,370	3,450	3,925	6.2	5.9	6.4
40 to 44 years	8,245	3,940	4,310	6.9	6.8	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,725	3,835	3,885	6.5	6.6	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,550	3,630	3,920	6.3	6.3	6.4
55 to 59 years	8,775	4,295	4,475	7.4	7.4	7.3
60 to 64 years	9,155	4,425	4,730	7.7	7.6	7.7
65 years and over	23,865	10,810	13,055	20.0	18.6	21.3
65 to 69 years	7,610	3,565	4,040	6.4	6.1	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,315	2,915	3,395	5.3	5.0	5.5
75 to 79 years	4,660	2,210	2,445	3.9	3.8	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,665	1,165	1,505	2.2	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	2,610	945	1,665	2.2	1.6	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,695	640	1,055	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	740	265	475	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	155	40	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.5	19.5	17.5	18.5	19.5	17.5
15 to 64 years	61.5	61.8	61.2	61.5	61.8	61.2
65 years and over	20.0	18.6	21.3	20.0	18.6	21.3
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.7	2.2	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	42.3	41.2	43.3	42.3	41.2	43.3
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.4	43.6	42.4	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,640	...	...	57.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,285	...	...	6.8	...	...
Row house	860	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,400	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,230	...	...	27.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,250	...	...	2.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,730	...	...	26.5	...	...
2 persons	17,430	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	7,150	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	6,745	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,940	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	117,650	57,475	60,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,210	46,685	50,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,850	29,360	29,490	60.5	62.9	58.4
Married	33,850	16,880	16,970	34.8	36.2	33.6
Living common-law	25,000	12,480	12,520	25.7	26.7	24.8
Living common law - Never married	19,745	9,800	9,945	20.3	21.0	19.7
Living common law - Separated	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,415	2,290	2,120	4.5	4.9	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	620	285	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	38,355	17,320	21,030	39.5	37.1	41.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,940	13,435	12,510	26.7	28.8	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,220	500	725	1.3	1.1	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,140	2,165	3,970	6.3	4.6	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,055	1,225	3,825	5.2	2.6	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,945	...	...	51.7	...	...
3 persons	7,025	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	6,575	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,150	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,975	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	16,475	...	...	47.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,475	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	9,005	...	...	26.0	...	...
Common-law couples	12,495	...	...	36.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,805	...	...	19.6	...	...
Without children	5,690	...	...	16.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,720	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,230	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,490	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	117,650	57,475	60,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	100,085	49,670	50,415	85.1	86.4	83.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,940	28,935	29,005	49.2	50.3	48.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,715	1,485	4,230	4.9	2.6	7.0
Children⁶	36,425	19,255	17,175	31.0	33.5	28.5
In a two-parent family	27,395	14,460	12,935	23.3	25.2	21.5
In a one-parent family	9,030	4,790	4,235	7.7	8.3	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,565	7,800	9,760	14.9	13.6	16.2
Living alone	12,730	5,465	7,260	10.8	9.5	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,570	1,050	1,515	2.2	1.8	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,265	1,285	980	1.9	2.2	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,700	...	...	66.0	...	...
Couple-family households	26,940	...	...	56.1	...	...
With children⁶	13,190	...	...	27.5	...	...
Without children	13,755	...	...	28.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,760	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,080	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,155	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,150	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	12,730	...	...	26.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,660	46,165	49,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,170	44,965	48,205	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	39,600	44,800	51,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,200	44,975	48,220	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,200	39,200	43,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,840	42,435	43,400	89.7	91.9	87.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,400	30,000	36,800	44,400	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,365	34,910	33,455	71.5	75.6	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,400	34,800	40,000	46,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,370	34,610	41,760	79.8	75.0	84.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,000	12,400	11,500	10,000	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,280	5,895	5,390	11.8	12.8	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,640	5,480	5,400	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,235	13,755	12,480	27.4	29.8	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,245	45,020	48,225	97.5	97.5	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	59,900	45,400	52,400	59,900	45,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,275	45,040	48,230	97.5	97.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,160	48,040	38,560	43,160	48,040	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,795	42,305	43,480	89.7	91.6	87.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	54,450	37,520	45,880	54,450	37,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,370	35,010	33,360	71.5	75.8	67.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,040	53,450	40,360	47,040	53,450	40,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,295	34,560	41,735	79.8	74.9	84.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,470	11,380	13,380	12,470	11,380	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,510	5,970	5,540	12.0	12.9	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,935	7,930	6,890	5,935	7,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,155	13,730	12,425	27.3	29.7	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760	7,370	8,200	7,760	7,370	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,770	18,205	15,565	35.3	39.4	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,000	55,200	62,000	68,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	75,400	60,650	68,600	75,400	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,100	12,720	14,385	28.3	27.6	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	24,800	17,800	20,600	24,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,640	35,040	24,900	29,640	35,040	24,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	85.4	74.6	80.6	85.4	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.4	61.4	65.8	69.4	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	14.6	25.5	19.5	14.6	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.2	5.7	4.9	4.2	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.8	4.7	4.2	3.8	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,660	46,165	49,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,485	1,205	1,285	2.6	2.6	2.6
With total income	93,175	44,960	48,210	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,650	2,265	3,390	6.1	5.0	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,415	3,420	5,995	10.1	7.6	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,985	5,645	8,345	15.0	12.6	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,700	5,075	6,625	12.6	11.3	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,825	5,495	6,330	12.7	12.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,330	5,130	5,200	11.1	11.4	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,965	4,230	3,735	8.5	9.4	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,190	3,590	2,600	6.6	8.0	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,785	2,745	2,040	5.1	6.1	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,365	1,950	1,415	3.6	4.3	2.9
$100,000 and over	7,955	5,420	2,535	8.5	12.1	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,960	3,920	2,035	6.4	8.7	4.2
$150,000 and over	2,000	1,495	500	2.1	3.3	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,660	46,165	49,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,465	1,185	1,275	2.6	2.6	2.6
With after-tax income	93,195	44,980	48,220	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,210	2,385	3,825	6.7	5.3	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,070	3,695	6,370	10.8	8.2	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	16,345	6,720	9,620	17.5	14.9	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,045	7,000	8,045	16.1	15.6	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,490	7,205	7,285	15.5	16.0	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,880	5,015	11.7	13.1	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,035	4,540	3,500	8.6	10.1	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	2,760	2,110	5.2	6.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,835	1,735	1,100	3.0	3.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,580	1,035	545	1.7	2.3	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,825	2,020	810	3.0	4.5	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,650	1,130	520	1.8	2.5	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,175	885	285	1.3	2.0	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,660	46,165	49,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,295	11,255	16,035	28.5	24.4	32.4
With employment income	68,365	34,910	33,455	71.5	75.6	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,470	4,470	4,005	12.4	12.8	12.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,005	2,085	2,920	7.3	6.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,635	3,160	4,475	11.2	9.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,455	2,770	3,685	9.4	7.9	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,485	2,955	3,535	9.5	8.5	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,875	3,110	3,765	10.1	8.9	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,000	3,065	2,930	8.8	8.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,100	2,930	2,170	7.5	8.4	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,235	2,545	1,685	6.2	7.3	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,885	2,175	1,710	5.7	6.2	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,275	1,450	830	3.3	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,945	4,190	1,750	8.7	12.0	5.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,240	2,180	1,060	4.7	6.2	3.2
$125,000 and over	2,700	2,010	695	3.9	5.8	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,660	46,165	49,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,330	44,060	47,275	95.5	95.4	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,400	37,200	43,200	50,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,385	44,070	47,325	95.5	95.5	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,800	33,200	37,600	42,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,415	41,870	42,545	88.2	90.7	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	31,200	38,000	46,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,545	35,025	33,520	71.7	75.9	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,400	40,400	48,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,505	29,850	38,660	71.6	64.7	78.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,550	9,600	8,600	6,550	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,360	5,485	4,875	10.8	11.9	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,040	5,080	4,480	4,040	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,495	44,235	47,260	95.6	95.8	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,480	59,000	42,480	50,480	59,000	42,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,530	44,235	47,295	95.7	95.8	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280	46,960	35,960	41,280	46,960	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,515	41,955	42,560	88.3	90.9	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,640	56,000	37,360	46,640	56,000	37,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,730	35,300	33,430	71.8	76.5	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	54,800	39,440	47,320	54,800	39,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,430	29,670	38,760	71.5	64.3	78.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,890	8,740	10,780	9,890	8,740	10,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,350	5,450	4,900	10.8	11.8	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	5,170	8,530	6,760	5,170	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,715	18,210	15,510	35.2	39.4	31.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	66,500	50,400	58,400	66,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	73,200	55,400	65,000	73,200	55,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,680	12,225	13,450	26.8	26.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	32,000	22,600	26,200	32,000	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,840	41,680	28,600	34,840	41,680	28,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	90.0	79.2	85.4	90.0	79.2
Employment income (%)	70.4	74.2	65.6	70.4	74.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	14.7	9.9	20.8	14.7	9.9	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.1	1.5	1.1	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,900	...	...	83,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040	...	...	51,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,560	...	...	42,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,430	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,260	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,680	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,880	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,940	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,670	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,495	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,140	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,265	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,380	...	...	42.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,495	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,815	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,590	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,485	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,945	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,600	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,225	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,340	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,285	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,405	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,130	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,985	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,710	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,990	...	...	31.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,565	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,115	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,305	...	...	9.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,995	6,750	8,245	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	47,600	38,000	42,400	47,600	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	34,000	37,200	40,800	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...	152,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,700	...	...	124,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	73,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,970	6,725	8,250	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,080	55,250	44,080	49,080	55,250	44,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,120	44,920	38,000	41,120	44,920	38,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	117,645	57,475	60,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,075	13,400	12,675	22.2	23.3	21.1
0 to 5 years	7,495	3,895	3,600	6.4	6.8	6.0
18 to 64 years	69,150	33,725	35,425	58.8	58.7	58.9
65 years and over	22,420	10,355	12,065	19.1	18.0	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,550	3,050	4,505	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,385	690	695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	440	220	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,320	1,470	1,845	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,850	890	1,965	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	5.3	7.5	6.4	5.3	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.2	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	5.7	6.0	5.9	5.7	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.4	5.2	4.8	4.4	5.2
65 years and over (%)	12.7	8.6	16.3	12.7	8.6	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,650	57,475	60,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,080	13,400	12,680	22.2	23.3	21.1
0 to 5 years	7,490	3,895	3,600	6.4	6.8	6.0
18 to 64 years	69,150	33,725	35,425	58.8	58.7	58.9
65 years and over	22,420	10,350	12,070	19.1	18.0	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,040	1,360	1,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	470	230	240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,900	930	970	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	205	460	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	3.0	2.0	3.8	3.0	2.0	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	117,645	57,475	60,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,630	26,560	30,070	48.1	46.2	50.0
In bottom decile	6,130	2,575	3,560	5.2	4.5	5.9
In second decile	9,825	4,340	5,480	8.4	7.6	9.1
In third decile	12,210	5,775	6,435	10.4	10.0	10.7
In fourth decile	13,790	6,645	7,145	11.7	11.6	11.9
In fifth decile	14,680	7,225	7,450	12.5	12.6	12.4
In top half of the distribution	61,020	30,915	30,105	51.9	53.8	50.0
In sixth decile	15,530	7,745	7,790	13.2	13.5	12.9
In seventh decile	14,645	7,370	7,270	12.4	12.8	12.1
In eighth decile	13,365	6,820	6,545	11.4	11.9	10.9
In ninth decile	10,700	5,520	5,180	9.1	9.6	8.6
In top decile	6,775	3,460	3,315	5.8	6.0	5.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	117,650	...	...	117,650	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.383	...	...	0.383	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	...	...	0.233	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,585	57,760	60,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	420	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
French only	67,745	30,550	37,190	57.1	52.9	61.1
English and French	50,100	26,880	23,220	42.2	46.5	38.2
Neither English nor French	325	105	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,585	57,760	60,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,650	1,330	1,320	2.2	2.3	2.2
French	113,785	55,335	58,445	96.0	95.8	96.1
English and French	1,840	995	850	1.6	1.7	1.4
Neither English nor French	305	100	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,585	57,760	60,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,610	56,290	59,320	97.5	97.5	97.5
Official languages	106,005	51,605	54,400	89.4	89.3	89.4
English	1,785	890	895	1.5	1.5	1.5
French	104,220	50,715	53,505	87.9	87.8	88.0
Non-official languages	9,610	4,685	4,925	8.1	8.1	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,610	4,685	4,920	8.1	8.1	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,630	1,365	1,265	2.2	2.4	2.1
Berber languages	700	365	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kabyle	660	345	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Tamazight	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,920	990	925	1.6	1.7	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,920	990	925	1.6	1.7	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,990	880	1,115	1.7	1.5	1.8
Haitian Creole	1,705	750	950	1.4	1.3	1.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,065	2,040	2,025	3.4	3.5	3.3
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,515	1,775	1,740	3.0	3.1	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	555	310	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	2,295	1,120	1,170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	395	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,970	1,470	1,500	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	1,025	535	490	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,585	760	825	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,585	57,760	60,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,140	570	570	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	102,170	49,650	52,520	86.2	86.0	86.3
Non-official language	1,755	810	945	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,755	810	940	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and French	4,275	2,285	1,985	3.6	4.0	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	6,555	3,120	3,435	5.5	5.4	5.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,420	1,185	1,230	2.0	2.1	2.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,585	57,760	60,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,225	56,125	59,100	97.2	97.2	97.2
Official languages	111,470	54,345	57,130	94.0	94.1	93.9
English	1,985	995	990	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	109,485	53,350	56,140	92.3	92.4	92.3
Non-official languages	3,750	1,785	1,970	3.2	3.1	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,750	1,785	1,965	3.2	3.1	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	950	460	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	270	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	330	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	680	330	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	630	250	380	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian Creole	555	215	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,800	900	900	1.5	1.6	1.5
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,565	790	770	1.3	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,245	625	620	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,360	1,630	1,725	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	1,090	555	540	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,835	870	970	1.5	1.5	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,585	57,755	60,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	107,790	52,365	55,430	90.9	90.7	91.1
English	3,150	1,695	1,455	2.7	2.9	2.4
French	2,090	1,010	1,075	1.8	1.7	1.8
Non-official language	3,740	1,785	1,955	3.2	3.1	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,740	1,780	1,955	3.2	3.1	3.2
English and French	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,075	525	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,645	57,465	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	117,335	57,385	59,950	99.7	99.9	99.6
English	50,390	27,285	23,105	42.8	47.5	38.4
French	116,925	57,165	59,760	99.4	99.5	99.3
Non-official languages	18,305	8,700	9,605	15.6	15.1	16.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,295	8,700	9,590	15.6	15.1	15.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,455	2,255	2,200	3.8	3.9	3.7
Berber languages	1,165	620	545	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kabyle	1,080	570	510	0.9	1.0	0.8
Tamazight	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,845	1,925	1,915	3.3	3.3	3.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,830	1,920	1,910	3.3	3.3	3.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,500	2,045	2,450	3.8	3.6	4.1
Haitian Creole	4,355	1,985	2,365	3.7	3.5	3.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	385	145	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,005	3,840	4,165	6.8	6.7	6.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	200	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	430	200	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	220	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,185	3,420	3,770	6.1	6.0	6.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,375	730	650	1.2	1.3	1.1
Portuguese	490	280	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	355	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Spanish	5,295	2,375	2,920	4.5	4.1	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	995	450	545	0.8	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,650	57,465	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,390	675	715	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,310	625	695	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	820	370	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis	495	250	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	116,255	56,785	59,470	98.8	98.8	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,650	57,465	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	215	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,435	57,345	60,095	99.8	99.8	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,925	...	...	74.9	...	...
Renter	12,070	...	...	25.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,630	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not condominium	40,365	...	...	84.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,315	...	...	9.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,310	...	...	29.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,400	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,830	...	...	26.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,395	...	...	27.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,230	...	...	13.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,575	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,625	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,165	...	...	33.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,720	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,845	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,150	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,055	...	...	8.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,715	...	...	28.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,515	...	...	21.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,635	...	...	13.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,570	...	...	7.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,750	...	...	9.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,935	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,820	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,795	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,200	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,335	...	...	48.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,515	...	...	49.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,150	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	640	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,205	...	...	10.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,640	...	...	18.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,970	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,500	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,320	...	...	17.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,465	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,250	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,370	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,520	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,120	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,365	...	...	19.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,120	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not suitable only	985	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,765	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,630	...	...	80.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,395	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not in core need	45,095	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,885	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.1	...	...	68.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	355,600	...	...	355,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.0	...	...	27.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	958	...	...	958	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,645	57,460	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,380	650	725	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,370	645	720	1.2	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,240	580	655	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,270	1,095	1,175	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,255	1,090	1,170	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,100	1,020	1,080	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,000	55,715	58,285	96.9	97.0	96.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,645	57,460	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,455	56,440	59,020	98.1	98.2	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,655	13,165	12,490	21.8	22.9	20.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	89,805	43,275	46,525	76.3	75.3	77.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,185	1,025	1,170	1.9	1.8	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,645	57,460	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,755	51,320	53,440	89.0	89.3	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	12,435	5,905	6,530	10.6	10.3	10.8
Before 1980	1,205	640	565	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	1,325	565	760	1.1	1.0	1.3
1991 to 2000	2,100	1,020	1,080	1.8	1.8	1.8
2001 to 2010	4,580	2,210	2,365	3.9	3.8	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,230	1,465	1,765	2.7	2.5	2.9
2011 to 2015	2,290	1,055	1,240	1.9	1.8	2.1
2016 to 2021	940	410	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	455	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,440	5,905	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,285	570	710	10.3	9.7	10.9
5 to 14 years	2,335	1,105	1,235	18.8	18.7	18.9
15 to 24 years	2,240	975	1,265	18.0	16.5	19.4
25 to 44 years	5,915	2,990	2,930	47.5	50.6	44.9
45 years and over	660	265	395	5.3	4.5	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,440	5,905	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,365	2,430	2,935	43.1	41.2	44.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	245	95	150	2.0	1.6	2.3
El Salvador	165	80	80	1.3	1.4	1.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	3,365	1,495	1,870	27.0	25.3	28.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	200	85	110	1.6	1.4	1.7
Peru	260	125	140	2.1	2.1	2.1
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	255	145	115	2.0	2.5	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	835	400	435	6.7	6.8	6.7
Europe	1,745	875	865	14.0	14.8	13.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	615	305	305	4.9	5.2	4.7
Germany	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greece	45	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	235	125	110	1.9	2.1	1.7
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portugal	150	80	75	1.2	1.4	1.1
Romania	130	70	55	1.0	1.2	0.8
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	360	165	190	2.9	2.8	2.9
Africa	4,540	2,220	2,325	36.5	37.6	35.6
Algeria	1,725	890	835	13.9	15.1	12.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	450	195	250	3.6	3.3	3.8
Egypt	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,190	575	610	9.6	9.7	9.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,145	550	595	9.2	9.3	9.1
Asia	790	375	410	6.4	6.4	6.3
Afghanistan	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	90	55	35	0.7	0.9	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	75	45	30	0.6	0.8	0.5
China⁹⁰	90	40	55	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	65	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	115	155	2.1	1.9	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	935	410	530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	345	170	175	36.9	41.5	33.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	220	110	110	23.5	26.8	20.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.9
United States of America	30	20	10	3.2	4.9	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	50	9.6	8.5	9.4
Europe	105	60	50	11.2	14.6	9.4
France	65	40	25	7.0	9.8	4.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	0	25	3.7	0.0	4.7
Africa	425	150	270	45.5	36.6	50.9
Algeria	165	70	95	17.6	17.1	17.9
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	45	10	35	4.8	2.4	6.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	20	55	8.0	4.9	10.4
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	20	2.7	2.4	3.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	10	25	4.3	2.4	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	15	2.1	2.4	2.8
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	25	4.3	4.9	4.7
Asia	60	25	35	6.4	6.1	6.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	1.6	2.4	1.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,650	57,465	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,325	6,320	7,005	11.3	11.0	11.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,090	6,135	5,960	10.3	10.7	9.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	92,230	45,010	47,225	78.4	78.3	78.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,230	5,260	5,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,160	2,685	2,475	45.9	51.0	41.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,300	1,545	755	20.5	29.4	12.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,860	1,135	1,725	25.5	21.6	28.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,875	1,545	2,330	34.5	29.4	39.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,970	925	1,045	17.5	17.6	17.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	230	110	120	2.0	2.1	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,230	5,260	5,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,655	835	825	14.7	15.9	13.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	600	295	310	5.3	5.6	5.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	85	75	1.4	1.6	1.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	235	150	90	2.1	2.9	1.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	25	90	1.0	0.5	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,460	3,875	4,585	75.3	73.7	76.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,650	57,465	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,535	8,400	9,135	14.9	14.6	15.2
South Asian	90	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	345	130	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	9,910	4,695	5,215	8.4	8.2	8.7
Filipino	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	3,700	1,845	1,850	3.1	3.2	3.1
Latin American	2,350	1,155	1,195	2.0	2.0	2.0
Southeast Asian	445	200	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Asian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	305	110	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,115	49,065	51,050	85.1	85.4	84.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,645	57,460	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	39,620	19,160	20,460	33.7	33.3	34.0
English	1,245	540	705	1.1	0.9	1.2
Irish	4,365	2,055	2,310	3.7	3.6	3.8
Scottish	1,435	740	695	1.2	1.3	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,370	12,220	12,150	20.7	21.3	20.2
German	1,195	575	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	405	170	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italian	4,405	2,195	2,210	3.7	3.8	3.7
Indian (India)	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	510	270	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Québécois	16,850	8,150	8,695	14.3	14.2	14.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	8,405	4,100	4,300	7.1	7.1	7.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,685	850	835	1.4	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,645	805	840	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	980	545	430	0.8	0.9	0.7
Russian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	850	460	390	0.7	0.8	0.6
American	535	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	990	505	485	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,260	500	760	1.1	0.9	1.3
Pakistani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,695	810	880	1.4	1.4	1.5
Jewish	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,635	790	840	1.4	1.4	1.4
Greek	325	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	320	190	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	285	145	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	910	445	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	415	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	725	380	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	6,280	2,995	3,295	5.3	5.2	5.5
Hindu	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	270	100	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	430	235	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	375	150	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	1,340	615	725	1.1	1.1	1.2
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,295	640	655	1.1	1.1	1.1
Brazilian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	300	180	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	235	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Congolese	460	190	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber	990	510	485	0.8	0.9	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	195	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	655	340	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,650	57,465	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	290	145	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian	81,910	39,120	42,790	69.6	68.1	71.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,715	3,840	3,875	6.6	6.7	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	790	400	390	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catholic	69,590	33,045	36,550	59.2	57.5	60.7
Christian Orthodox	615	340	270	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	475	195	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	605	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,815	875	940	1.5	1.5	1.6
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	5,505	2,710	2,790	4.7	4.7	4.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	29,670	15,355	14,320	25.2	26.7	23.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	116,645	56,960	59,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,455	51,635	53,825	90.4	90.7	90.2
Movers	11,190	5,320	5,870	9.6	9.3	9.8
Non-migrants	4,510	2,125	2,380	3.9	3.7	4.0
Migrants	6,680	3,190	3,485	5.7	5.6	5.8
Internal migrants	6,505	3,115	3,395	5.6	5.5	5.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,445	3,090	3,360	5.5	5.4	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
External migrants	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	111,580	54,300	57,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,715	35,330	36,385	64.3	65.1	63.5
Movers	39,870	18,965	20,905	35.7	34.9	36.5
Non-migrants	12,220	5,760	6,460	11.0	10.6	11.3
Migrants	27,655	13,215	14,445	24.8	24.3	25.2
Internal migrants	26,700	12,825	13,875	23.9	23.6	24.2
Intraprovincial migrants	26,475	12,700	13,775	23.7	23.4	24.0
Interprovincial migrants	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	955	390	565	0.9	0.7	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,515	9,925	8,595	19.4	21.5	17.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,145	36,245	40,895	80.6	78.5	82.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,945	29,410	31,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,100	4,785	3,315	13.3	16.3	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,850	24,625	28,220	86.7	83.7	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,175	8,285	7,890	16.9	17.9	15.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,515	10,935	12,580	24.6	23.7	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,975	26,950	29,025	58.5	58.4	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,985	20,210	19,770	41.8	43.8	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,050	10,875	7,165	18.9	23.6	14.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,640	6,480	6,160	13.2	14.0	12.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,410	4,395	1,010	5.7	9.5	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,800	7,640	10,165	18.6	16.5	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,135	1,695	2,440	4.3	3.7	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,990	6,735	9,250	16.7	14.6	18.7
Bachelor's degree	11,525	4,650	6,875	12.0	10.1	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,450	650	800	1.5	1.4	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	165	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,270	1,090	1,175	2.4	2.4	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,945	29,415	31,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,450	3,690	2,760	10.6	12.5	8.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,820	5,865	5,955	19.4	19.9	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,680	19,860	22,815	70.0	67.5	72.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,935	14,820	15,115	49.1	50.4	47.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,970	8,180	5,785	22.9	27.8	18.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,820	4,815	5,010	16.1	16.4	15.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,145	3,365	780	6.8	11.4	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,895	5,395	7,500	21.2	18.3	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,070	1,245	1,820	5.0	4.2	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,745	5,035	7,705	20.9	17.1	24.4
Bachelor's degree	9,180	3,490	5,695	15.1	11.9	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,130	475	660	1.9	1.6	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	125	210	0.5	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,785	800	980	2.9	2.7	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	150	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,690	19,220	20,470	41.5	41.6	41.4
Education	4,655	1,035	3,620	4.9	2.2	7.3
13. Education	4,655	1,035	3,620	4.9	2.2	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,775	795	985	1.9	1.7	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	235	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,500	560	940	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,405	945	1,460	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260	40	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,555	645	915	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	115	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	280	75	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,555	1,270	3,280	4.8	2.8	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	170	345	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,210	100	1,110	1.3	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	955	315	640	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	770	180	590	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	985	475	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Business, management and public administration	12,955	4,760	8,195	13.5	10.3	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	140	590	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,215	4,615	7,605	12.8	10.0	15.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,680	975	705	1.8	2.1	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	180	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	185	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	365	220	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
40. Physical sciences	325	245	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	230	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,180	1,555	630	2.3	3.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,850	1,400	450	1.9	3.0	0.9
25. Library science	180	30	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	95	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,480	11,565	915	13.0	25.0	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,430	1,245	185	1.5	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,405	2,140	265	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,750	3,640	115	3.9	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,560	2,480	75	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	2,010	1,920	90	2.1	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	340	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	7,865	1,255	6,610	8.2	2.7	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415	180	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,340	1,035	6,300	7.7	2.2	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,790	2,450	2,335	5.0	5.3	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	460	1,925	2.5	1.0	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,410	1,070	340	1.5	2.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	985	905	75	1.0	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,950	29,410	31,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,270	9,550	8,720	30.0	32.5	27.7
Education	3,405	700	2,705	5.6	2.4	8.6
13. Education	3,405	700	2,705	5.6	2.4	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,390	585	805	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	170	35	0.3	0.6	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,185	415	765	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	1,445	570	875	2.4	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	45	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	890	370	520	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	70	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	40	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,660	895	2,770	6.0	3.0	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	130	320	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	65	985	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	740	205	540	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	520	90	435	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	815	385	425	1.3	1.3	1.3
Business, management and public administration	10,015	3,455	6,560	16.4	11.7	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	565	85	485	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,445	3,370	6,075	15.5	11.5	19.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	555	430	1.6	1.9	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	160	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	165	80	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	195	120	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,750	1,270	480	2.9	4.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,495	1,170	325	2.5	4.0	1.0
25. Library science	145	25	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,390	8,610	785	15.4	29.3	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	255	95	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
14. Engineering	1,165	995	175	1.9	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,800	1,585	215	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,815	2,715	100	4.6	9.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,875	1,810	60	3.1	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,485	1,405	80	2.4	4.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	490	245	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385	175	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,225	975	5,250	10.2	3.3	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	125	210	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,790	825	4,965	9.5	2.8	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,910	1,985	1,915	6.4	6.7	6.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,905	330	1,575	3.1	1.1	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,170	880	285	1.9	3.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	835	775	60	1.4	2.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,950	29,410	31,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,270	9,550	8,720	30.0	32.5	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,675	19,860	22,820	70.0	67.5	72.4
Location of study inside Canada	39,550	18,300	21,250	64.9	62.2	67.4
Same as province or territory of residence	39,175	18,105	21,070	64.3	61.6	66.8
Different than province or territory of residence	380	190	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,125	1,565	1,565	5.1	5.3	5.0
Americas	840	415	425	1.4	1.4	1.3
United States of America	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	355	185	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	690	395	295	1.1	1.3	0.9
Belgium	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	370	200	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,435	690	750	2.4	2.3	2.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	755	385	370	1.2	1.3	1.2
Morocco	315	140	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Tunisia	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	255	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asia	165	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,660	46,170	49,490	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,280	31,615	30,665	...	...	...
Employed	58,690	29,795	28,900	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,590	1,820	1,765	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,380	14,555	18,825	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.1	68.5	62.0	65.1	68.5	62.0
Employment rate	61.4	64.5	58.4	61.4	64.5	58.4
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,660	46,170	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,040	14,200	18,840	34.5	30.8	38.1
Worked	62,625	31,970	30,650	65.5	69.2	61.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,390	18,610	15,780	36.0	40.3	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,235	13,360	14,875	29.5	28.9	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.8	41.6	42.2	42.8	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,280	31,615	30,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	500	575	1.7	1.6	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,205	31,115	30,090	98.3	98.4	98.1
Employee	54,830	27,240	27,590	88.0	86.2	90.0
Permanent position	47,190	23,700	23,490	75.8	75.0	76.6
Temporary position	7,640	3,540	4,100	12.3	11.2	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,435	1,045	1,395	3.9	3.3	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,205	2,500	2,705	8.4	7.9	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,375	3,875	2,500	10.2	12.3	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,280	31,615	30,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	500	575	1.7	1.6	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,205	31,115	30,090	98.3	98.4	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,140	880	255	1.8	2.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,045	3,560	7,490	17.7	11.3	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,695	2,855	835	5.9	9.0	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,995	960	5,035	9.6	3.0	16.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,235	2,240	5,995	13.2	7.1	19.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,430	740	690	2.3	2.3	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	15,080	6,905	8,175	24.2	21.8	26.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,690	10,760	925	18.8	34.0	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	545	450	95	0.9	1.4	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,350	1,765	590	3.8	5.6	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,280	31,615	30,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	500	575	1.7	1.6	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	61,205	31,115	30,090	98.3	98.4	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	375	255	125	0.6	0.8	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	135	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	535	405	135	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	6,020	5,200	820	9.7	16.4	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,105	3,830	1,275	8.2	12.1	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,080	1,415	665	3.3	4.5	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	8,145	3,775	4,375	13.1	11.9	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,230	2,435	790	5.2	7.7	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,040	670	370	1.7	2.1	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	2,485	950	1,535	4.0	3.0	5.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	960	540	415	1.5	1.7	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,625	1,950	1,680	5.8	6.2	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,325	1,385	940	3.7	4.4	3.1
61 Educational services	5,240	1,380	3,855	8.4	4.4	12.6
62 Health care and social assistance	10,080	1,805	8,275	16.2	5.7	27.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	785	400	380	1.3	1.3	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,845	1,260	1,590	4.6	4.0	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,580	1,335	1,245	4.1	4.2	4.1
91 Public administration	3,505	1,955	1,555	5.6	6.2	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,025	33,585	32,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	880	550	330	1.3	1.6	1.0
French	53,080	25,950	27,130	80.4	77.3	83.6
Non-official language	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	11,460	6,790	4,665	17.4	20.2	14.4
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	180	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	205	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,025	33,585	32,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,260	32,515	31,745	97.3	96.8	97.9
Official languages	64,175	32,500	31,675	97.2	96.8	97.6
English	2,330	1,460	870	3.5	4.3	2.7
French	61,850	31,040	30,810	93.7	92.4	95.0
Non-official languages	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,770	1,075	695	2.7	3.2	2.1
English and French	1,680	1,015	660	2.5	3.0	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,025	33,585	32,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,670	27,525	28,145	84.3	82.0	86.8
English	8,480	4,955	3,530	12.8	14.8	10.9
French	1,420	880	540	2.2	2.6	1.7
Non-official language	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,695	29,795	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,320	4,225	5,095	15.9	14.2	17.6
Worked outside Canada	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,720	5,895	1,825	13.2	19.8	6.3
Usual place of work	41,580	19,615	21,965	70.8	65.8	76.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,580	19,615	21,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,825	4,480	7,345	28.4	22.8	33.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,950	1,590	2,360	9.5	8.1	10.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25,765	13,510	12,255	62.0	68.9	55.8
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,305	25,510	23,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	44,830	23,705	21,125	90.9	92.9	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,965	22,970	19,995	87.1	90.0	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,865	735	1,130	3.8	2.9	4.7
Public transit	2,120	785	1,330	4.3	3.1	5.6
Walked	1,495	540	955	3.0	2.1	4.0
Bicycle	315	230	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	550	255	300	1.1	1.0	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,305	25,510	23,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,260	4,430	6,835	22.8	17.4	28.7
15 to 29 minutes	14,880	7,200	7,685	30.2	28.2	32.3
30 to 44 minutes	12,345	7,425	4,915	25.0	29.1	20.7
45 to 59 minutes	5,485	3,285	2,195	11.1	12.9	9.2
60 minutes and over	5,330	3,170	2,160	10.8	12.4	9.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,305	25,510	23,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,970	4,755	1,215	12.1	18.6	5.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,505	5,570	3,930	19.3	21.8	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,950	4,910	7,035	24.2	19.2	29.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,315	3,165	5,145	16.9	12.4	21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,445	1,720	2,720	9.0	6.7	11.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,120	5,380	3,735	18.5	21.1	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,525	13,640	12,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,520	1,310	1,205	9.5	9.6	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,005	12,330	11,675	90.5	90.4	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,980	10,225	9,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,900	980	920	9.5	9.6	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,300	665	640	6.5	6.5	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	315	285	3.0	3.1	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,080	9,250	8,830	90.5	90.5	90.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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