Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Région des Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-JamesMore information: Quebec [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	16,858	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,872	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	16,855	8,420	8,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,195	2,670	2,525	30.8	31.7	29.9
0 to 4 years	1,710	875	835	10.1	10.4	9.9
5 to 9 years	1,625	815	805	9.6	9.7	9.5
10 to 14 years	1,860	975	885	11.0	11.6	10.5
15 to 64 years	10,520	5,205	5,310	62.4	61.8	63.0
15 to 19 years	1,505	820	690	8.9	9.7	8.2
20 to 24 years	1,275	645	630	7.6	7.7	7.5
25 to 29 years	1,295	630	665	7.7	7.5	7.9
30 to 34 years	1,140	535	610	6.8	6.4	7.2
35 to 39 years	1,005	470	535	6.0	5.6	6.3
40 to 44 years	1,035	495	540	6.1	5.9	6.4
45 to 49 years	1,055	530	525	6.3	6.3	6.2
50 to 54 years	940	465	470	5.6	5.5	5.6
55 to 59 years	710	360	350	4.2	4.3	4.1
60 to 64 years	550	255	295	3.3	3.0	3.5
65 years and over	1,145	545	600	6.8	6.5	7.1
65 to 69 years	450	230	215	2.7	2.7	2.5
70 to 74 years	305	145	160	1.8	1.7	1.9
75 to 79 years	205	95	105	1.2	1.1	1.2
80 to 84 years	110	45	65	0.7	0.5	0.8
85 years and over	75	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
85 to 89 years	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
90 to 94 years	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	30.8	31.7	29.9	30.8	31.7	29.9
15 to 64 years	62.4	61.8	63.0	62.4	61.8	63.0
65 years and over	6.8	6.5	7.1	6.8	6.5	7.1
85 years and over	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5
Average age of the population	30.1	29.5	30.7	30.1	29.5	30.7
Median age of the population	27.0	25.8	27.8	27.0	25.8	27.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,880	...	...	71.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	540	...	...	13.3	...	...
Row house	310	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	215	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	60	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	475	...	...	11.7	...	...
2 persons	675	...	...	16.6	...	...
3 persons	640	...	...	15.8	...	...
4 persons	670	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,600	...	...	39.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	16,810	8,390	8,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	11,665	5,750	5,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	5,630	2,805	2,820	48.3	48.8	47.7
Married	3,830	1,915	1,915	32.8	33.3	32.4
Living common-law	1,795	890	905	15.4	15.5	15.3
Living common law - Never married	1,635	810	830	14.0	14.1	14.0
Living common law - Separated	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	105	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	6,035	2,945	3,095	51.7	51.2	52.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,250	2,675	2,575	45.0	46.5	43.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	205	80	130	1.8	1.4	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	215	100	115	1.8	1.7	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	360	90	270	3.1	1.6	4.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,325	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 persons	1,030	...	...	24.5	...	...
4 persons	755	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,105	...	...	26.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,745	...	...	65.3	...	...
Married couples	1,845	...	...	43.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,425	...	...	33.9	...	...
Without children	420	...	...	10.0	...	...
Common-law couples	900	...	...	21.4	...	...
With children⁶	700	...	...	16.6	...	...
Without children	200	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,465	...	...	34.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,060	...	...	25.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	400	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	16,810	8,395	8,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,235	7,630	7,605	90.6	90.9	90.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,490	2,740	2,750	32.7	32.6	32.7
Parents in one-parent families	1,460	400	1,060	8.7	4.8	12.6
Children⁶	8,290	4,495	3,790	49.3	53.5	45.0
In a two-parent family	5,505	2,965	2,545	32.7	35.3	30.2
In a one-parent family	2,775	1,530	1,245	16.5	18.2	14.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,575	760	810	9.4	9.1	9.6
Living alone	475	220	255	2.8	2.6	3.0
Living with other relatives⁷	980	480	505	5.8	5.7	6.0
Living with non-relatives only	120	65	55	0.7	0.8	0.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,405	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	1,845	...	...	45.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,485	...	...	36.6	...	...
Without children	365	...	...	9.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	560	...	...	13.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	710	...	...	17.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	1.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	265	...	...	6.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	135	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	475	...	...	11.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	11,620	5,725	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,680	5,190	5,490	91.9	90.7	93.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	37,200	49,200	43,200	37,200	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,685	5,190	5,495	92.0	90.7	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	36,800	48,800	42,400	36,800	48,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,140	4,430	4,710	78.7	77.4	79.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	29,000	36,800	32,800	29,000	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,245	4,010	4,240	71.0	70.0	71.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	31,000	39,600	36,000	31,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,015	4,185	4,825	77.6	73.1	81.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500	10,600	16,600	13,500	10,600	16,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,575	865	715	13.6	15.1	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,320	6,500	6,280	6,320	6,500	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,105	1,670	1,435	26.7	29.2	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,500	10,000	10,000	9,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	11,625	5,725	5,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,690	5,190	5,495	92.0	90.7	93.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	46,080	52,750	49,520	46,080	52,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,690	5,195	5,500	92.0	90.7	93.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	44,400	51,400	48,000	44,400	51,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,150	4,435	4,715	78.7	77.5	79.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800	41,920	41,720	41,800	41,920	41,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,255	4,015	4,245	71.0	70.1	71.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	40,960	42,760	41,880	40,960	42,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,020	4,190	4,830	77.6	73.2	81.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,260	12,780	19,280	16,260	12,780	19,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,585	870	715	13.6	15.2	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,690	7,520	7,920	7,690	7,520	7,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,100	1,670	1,435	26.7	29.2	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,840	9,600	10,110	9,840	9,600	10,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	11,625	5,725	5,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,300	1,945	2,355	37.0	34.0	39.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	56,400	55,600	56,000	56,400	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,900	60,300	57,750	58,900	60,300	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,265	1,230	1,030	19.5	21.5	17.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,100	14,300	13,300	14,100	14,300	13,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,480	23,720	25,360	24,480	23,720	25,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.2	77.6	67.8	72.2	77.6	67.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	68.6	62.6	65.4	68.6	62.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.7	22.4	32.1	27.7	22.4	32.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.7	2.0	2.3	2.7	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.8	7.3	6.4	6.8	7.3	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.8	6.7	5.0	5.8	6.7	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	11,620	5,725	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	940	535	405	8.1	9.3	6.9
With total income	10,680	5,190	5,490	91.9	90.7	93.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,195	665	535	11.2	12.7	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,255	690	565	11.8	13.3	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	1,345	785	560	12.6	15.1	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,155	595	555	10.8	11.5	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,155	590	570	10.8	11.3	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,095	505	590	10.3	9.8	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	875	360	515	8.2	6.9	9.4
$70,000 to $79,999	780	295	485	7.3	5.7	8.8
$80,000 to $89,999	565	185	380	5.3	3.5	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	395	160	235	3.7	3.1	4.3
$100,000 and over	865	365	500	8.1	7.0	9.1
$100,000 to $149,999	730	295	435	6.9	5.7	8.0
$150,000 and over	130	65	65	1.2	1.3	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	11,620	5,725	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	935	535	405	8.0	9.3	6.8
With after-tax income	10,685	5,195	5,490	92.0	90.7	93.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,200	665	535	11.3	12.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,270	700	570	11.9	13.5	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,365	800	565	12.8	15.4	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,195	615	575	11.1	11.8	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,170	605	570	11.0	11.6	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,110	495	620	10.4	9.5	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	910	380	525	8.5	7.4	9.6
$70,000 to $79,999	825	340	490	7.8	6.5	8.9
$80,000 to $89,999	565	185	380	5.3	3.6	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	370	135	235	3.5	2.6	4.3
$100,000 and over	700	270	425	6.5	5.2	7.8
$100,000 to $124,999	465	165	300	4.4	3.3	5.5
$125,000 and over	230	105	125	2.2	2.0	2.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	11,620	5,725	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,370	1,715	1,650	29.0	30.0	28.0
With employment income	8,250	4,005	4,245	71.0	70.0	71.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,290	640	650	15.6	16.0	15.3
$5,000 to $9,999	800	405	390	9.8	10.2	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	955	550	400	11.5	13.7	9.4
$20,000 to $29,999	705	375	330	8.5	9.5	7.8
$30,000 to $39,999	660	295	370	8.1	7.4	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	725	315	410	8.8	8.0	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	855	345	515	10.4	8.6	12.1
$60,000 to $69,999	645	250	395	7.8	6.1	9.2
$70,000 to $79,999	450	240	205	5.5	6.1	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	315	150	165	3.8	3.6	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	230	125	105	2.8	3.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	610	310	305	7.4	7.7	7.1
$100,000 to $124,999	370	185	185	4.5	4.5	4.5
$125,000 and over	240	125	115	2.9	3.1	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	11,620	5,725	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,535	5,095	5,440	90.7	89.0	92.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	32,000	39,600	36,000	32,000	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,535	5,095	5,440	90.7	89.0	92.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	31,800	39,200	35,600	31,800	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,950	4,330	4,620	77.0	75.6	78.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	29,400	32,000	30,600	29,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,605	4,175	4,430	74.1	72.9	75.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	30,600	34,000	32,000	30,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,500	3,910	4,590	73.1	68.3	77.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	3,520	14,000	9,800	3,520	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,470	835	630	12.7	14.6	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	7,000	6,800	6,950	7,000	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	11,625	5,725	5,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,540	5,100	5,440	90.7	89.1	92.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	40,160	45,120	42,720	40,160	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,540	5,100	5,440	90.7	89.1	92.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,320	38,440	44,000	41,320	38,440	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,955	4,335	4,620	77.0	75.7	78.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,120	38,920	37,320	38,120	38,920	37,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,610	4,175	4,435	74.1	72.9	75.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,880	39,480	38,320	38,880	39,480	38,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,510	3,915	4,595	73.2	68.4	77.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,800	9,190	15,880	12,800	9,190	15,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,475	840	635	12.7	14.7	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520	7,720	9,560	8,520	7,720	9,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	11,625	5,725	5,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,285	1,940	2,345	36.9	33.9	39.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	54,000	50,800	52,400	54,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,050	56,850	51,750	54,050	56,850	51,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,220	1,215	1,010	19.1	21.2	17.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	17,600	15,600	16,600	17,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,720	27,300	26,100	26,720	27,300	26,100
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.8	82.4	70.2	75.8	82.4	70.2
Employment income (%)	74.4	80.4	69.2	74.4	80.4	69.2
Government transfers (%)	24.2	17.6	29.8	24.2	17.6	29.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	3.2	2.5	2.8	3.2	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,200	...	...	138,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	0.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	60	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	65	...	...	1.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	60	...	...	1.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70	...	...	1.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	175	...	...	4.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	205	...	...	5.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	290	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	250	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	295	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,445	...	...	60.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	630	...	...	15.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	500	...	...	12.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	715	...	...	17.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	600	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	0.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	0.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	60	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	1.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	70	...	...	1.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60	...	...	1.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	195	...	...	4.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	230	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	310	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	270	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	305	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,335	...	...	57.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	640	...	...	15.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	480	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,220	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	595	285	310	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,800	56,400	60,400	58,800	56,400	60,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,200	55,200	57,600	57,200	55,200	57,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,600	...	...	153,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	595	280	310	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,800	63,200	66,500	64,800	63,200	66,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,000	56,000	58,000	57,000	56,000	58,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	16,810	8,390	8,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,150	3,190	2,960	36.6	38.0	35.2
0 to 5 years	2,010	1,040	965	12.0	12.4	11.5
18 to 64 years	9,535	4,660	4,875	56.7	55.5	57.9
65 years and over	1,125	540	580	6.7	6.4	6.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	880	415	460	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	390	205	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	70	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	445	195	250	...	...	...
65 years and over	40	15	25	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2	5.0	5.5	5.2	5.0	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.4	6.6	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.2	5.2	4.7	4.2	5.2
65 years and over (%)	3.7	2.8	4.4	3.7	2.8	4.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	16,810	8,390	8,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,110	2,955	3,155	36.3	35.2	37.5
In bottom decile	775	370	405	4.6	4.4	4.8
In second decile	1,015	495	520	6.0	5.9	6.2
In third decile	1,050	500	550	6.2	6.0	6.5
In fourth decile	1,460	700	760	8.7	8.3	9.0
In fifth decile	1,815	895	915	10.8	10.7	10.9
In top half of the distribution	10,700	5,435	5,265	63.7	64.8	62.5
In sixth decile	1,970	965	1,005	11.7	11.5	11.9
In seventh decile	2,110	1,065	1,050	12.6	12.7	12.5
In eighth decile	2,340	1,195	1,145	13.9	14.2	13.6
In ninth decile	2,460	1,230	1,230	14.6	14.7	14.6
In top decile	1,810	980	835	10.8	11.7	9.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	16,810	...	...	16,810	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.254	...	...	0.254	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	16,820	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	12,790	6,390	6,405	76.0	76.1	76.0
French only	90	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	3,335	1,660	1,670	19.8	19.8	19.8
Neither English nor French	600	295	305	3.6	3.5	3.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	16,820	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,825	6,885	6,935	82.2	82.0	82.3
French	520	245	275	3.1	2.9	3.3
English and French	1,895	975	920	11.3	11.6	10.9
Neither English nor French	585	285	295	3.5	3.4	3.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	16,820	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	15,795	7,905	7,885	93.9	94.2	93.5
Official languages	2,325	1,185	1,135	13.8	14.1	13.5
English	1,875	975	900	11.1	11.6	10.7
French	450	215	235	2.7	2.6	2.8
Non-official languages	13,470	6,720	6,755	80.1	80.0	80.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	13,370	6,660	6,705	79.5	79.3	79.5
Algonquian languages	13,330	6,640	6,690	79.3	79.1	79.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	13,305	6,625	6,675	79.1	78.9	79.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	13,295	6,625	6,670	79.0	78.9	79.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	515	270	240	3.1	3.2	2.8
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,955	1,430	1,525	17.6	17.0	18.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.	9,615	4,815	4,800	57.2	57.4	56.9
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	105	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,030	485	545	6.1	5.8	6.5
English and French	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	885	430	460	5.3	5.1	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	16,820	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,610	845	765	9.6	10.1	9.1
French	260	130	135	1.5	1.5	1.6
Non-official language	7,015	3,520	3,495	41.7	41.9	41.5
Indigenous³⁹	6,990	3,510	3,485	41.6	41.8	41.3
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	140	60	85	0.8	0.7	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	7,275	3,580	3,690	43.3	42.6	43.8
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	420	205	215	2.5	2.4	2.6
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	16,820	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,880	7,440	7,440	88.5	88.6	88.3
Official languages	3,645	1,810	1,840	21.7	21.6	21.8
English	3,310	1,655	1,655	19.7	19.7	19.6
French	335	155	180	2.0	1.8	2.1
Non-official languages	11,235	5,635	5,600	66.8	67.1	66.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	11,200	5,615	5,580	66.6	66.9	66.2
Algonquian languages	11,185	5,605	5,575	66.5	66.8	66.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	11,185	5,605	5,575	66.5	66.8	66.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	11,180	5,605	5,575	66.5	66.8	66.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	525	275	245	3.1	3.3	2.9
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,385	1,150	1,235	14.2	13.7	14.7
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	60	35	20	0.4	0.4	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	8,120	4,090	4,030	48.3	48.7	47.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,935	955	990	11.5	11.4	11.7
English and French	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,820	895	930	10.8	10.7	11.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	16,820	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	10,680	5,365	5,315	63.5	63.9	63.0
English	4,030	2,005	2,025	24.0	23.9	24.0
French	170	85	85	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,615	790	825	9.6	9.4	9.8
Indigenous³⁹	1,560	755	800	9.3	9.0	9.5
Non-Indigenous	60	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	175	85	85	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	16,830	8,400	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	16,230	8,100	8,130	96.4	96.4	96.4
English	16,140	8,055	8,085	95.9	95.9	95.9
French	3,435	1,710	1,725	20.4	20.4	20.5
Non-official languages	15,605	7,750	7,855	92.7	92.3	93.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15,380	7,640	7,735	91.4	91.0	91.8
Algonquian languages	15,350	7,625	7,725	91.2	90.8	91.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15,340	7,625	7,715	91.1	90.8	91.5
Atikamekw	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	15,335	7,620	7,715	91.1	90.7	91.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	30	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	765	385	380	4.5	4.6	4.5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,705	1,780	1,930	22.0	21.2	22.9
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	235	105	120	1.4	1.3	1.4
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.	10,745	5,390	5,355	63.8	64.2	63.5
Innu (Montagnais)	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Naskapi	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous languages	270	130	140	1.6	1.5	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	150	65	85	0.9	0.8	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
German	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	30	65	0.6	0.4	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,070	8,035	8,035	95.5	95.7	95.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,695	7,840	7,850	93.3	93.4	93.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,555	7,780	7,775	92.5	92.7	92.2
Métis	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	325	165	160	1.9	2.0	1.9
Non-Indigenous identity	755	365	395	4.5	4.3	4.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15,715	7,865	7,855	93.4	93.7	93.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,110	540	575	6.6	6.4	6.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	565	...	...	13.9	...	...
Renter	595	...	...	14.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,900	...	...	71.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	165	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	3,890	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	120	...	...	3.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	810	...	...	20.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,330	...	...	32.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,785	...	...	44.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	790	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 rooms	1,005	...	...	24.8	...	...
6 rooms	885	...	...	21.8	...	...
7 rooms	685	...	...	16.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	690	...	...	17.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,420	...	...	84.2	...	...
More than one person per room	635	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	3,075	...	...	75.7	...	...
Not suitable	980	...	...	24.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	195	...	...	4.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	785	...	...	19.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,220	...	...	30.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	535	...	...	13.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	400	...	...	9.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	400	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	495	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,105	...	...	76.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	955	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,220	...	...	54.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,405	...	...	34.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	430	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	90	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	680	...	...	16.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	915	...	...	22.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,030	...	...	25.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	680	...	...	16.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	455	...	...	11.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	170	...	...	4.2	...	...
85 years and over	45	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,660	...	...	40.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Not suitable only	710	...	...	17.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	685	...	...	16.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,390	...	...	58.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Not in core need	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	...	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	486	...	...	486	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,490	7,245	7,250	86.1	86.3	86.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,265	7,130	7,135	84.8	84.9	84.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	14,215	7,105	7,110	84.5	84.6	84.3
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	225	110	115	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	215	105	110	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,385	715	670	8.2	8.5	7.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,240	645	590	7.4	7.7	7.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,230	640	590	7.3	7.6	7.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	65	75	0.8	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	65	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	950	440	510	5.6	5.2	6.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,760	8,360	8,400	99.6	99.6	99.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,155	3,185	2,965	36.6	37.9	35.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	10,600	5,175	5,430	63.0	61.6	64.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,665	8,310	8,355	99.0	99.0	99.1
Immigrants⁸¹	150	80	65	0.9	1.0	0.8
Before 1980	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
1991 to 2000	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2015	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
2016 to 2021	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	150	80	65	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	10	10	0	6.7	12.5	0.0
5 to 14 years	30	10	20	20.0	12.5	30.8
15 to 24 years	25	15	15	16.7	18.8	23.1
25 to 44 years	70	40	30	46.7	50.0	46.2
45 years and over	15	0	10	10.0	0.0	15.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	150	80	65	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	25	10	15	16.7	12.5	23.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	6.7	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	6.7	0.0	15.4
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	30	20	15	20.0	25.0	23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	6.7	12.5	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	6.7	0.0	0.0
Africa	65	35	30	43.3	43.8	46.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	6.7	12.5	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	6.7	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	6.7	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	20	23.3	18.8	30.8
Asia	30	20	15	20.0	25.0	23.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	15.4
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	6.7	0.0	15.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	6.7	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	20	20	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	10	10	42.9	50.0	50.0
France	10	0	0	28.6	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	10	10	42.9	50.0	50.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	28.6	0.0	50.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	28.6	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	185	100	85	1.1	1.2	1.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	170	65	100	1.0	0.8	1.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	16,470	8,230	8,240	97.9	98.0	97.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	135	80	60	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	70	40	35	51.9	50.0	58.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	20	15	25.9	25.0	25.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	40	20	20	29.6	25.0	33.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	15	15	25.9	18.8	25.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	10	22.2	18.8	16.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	7.4	12.5	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	135	80	60	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10	18.5	18.8	16.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	0	11.1	12.5	0.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	7.4	0.0	16.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	10	10	11.1	12.5	16.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	80	45	35	59.3	56.3	58.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	16,830	8,400	8,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	195	90	105	1.2	1.1	1.2
South Asian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Black	90	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.7
Filipino	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southeast Asian	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Asian	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,630	8,305	8,320	98.8	98.9	98.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	16,825	8,395	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	340	165	170	2.0	2.0	2.0
English	210	100	110	1.2	1.2	1.3
Irish	255	130	120	1.5	1.5	1.4
Scottish	495	260	240	2.9	3.1	2.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	340	170	170	2.0	2.0	2.0
German	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indian (India)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Québécois	505	230	270	3.0	2.7	3.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Filipino	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	145	75	70	0.9	0.9	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,405	705	700	8.4	8.4	8.3
Métis	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Norwegian	145	80	65	0.9	1.0	0.8
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
American	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Spanish	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Greek	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	13,500	6,745	6,755	80.2	80.3	80.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	260	145	120	1.5	1.7	1.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	400	200	205	2.4	2.4	2.4
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	250	115	135	1.5	1.4	1.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	16,830	8,400	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Christian	10,865	5,345	5,520	64.6	63.6	65.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	500	215	285	3.0	2.6	3.4
Anabaptist	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anglican	7,205	3,580	3,620	42.8	42.6	42.9
Baptist	110	60	50	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catholic	740	370	375	4.4	4.4	4.4
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,085	1,010	1,075	12.4	12.0	12.8
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	165	75	90	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hindu	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	60	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	660	355	305	3.9	4.2	3.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	5,115	2,610	2,510	30.4	31.1	29.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	16,485	8,220	8,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,680	7,820	7,865	95.1	95.1	95.2
Movers	800	400	405	4.9	4.9	4.9
Non-migrants	535	265	270	3.2	3.2	3.3
Migrants	270	140	135	1.6	1.7	1.6
Internal migrants	260	135	125	1.6	1.6	1.5
Intraprovincial migrants	200	100	100	1.2	1.2	1.2
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	15,110	7,515	7,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,645	5,835	5,810	77.1	77.6	76.5
Movers	3,460	1,675	1,785	22.9	22.3	23.5
Non-migrants	2,185	1,065	1,120	14.5	14.2	14.7
Migrants	1,275	615	660	8.4	8.2	8.7
Internal migrants	1,235	600	635	8.2	8.0	8.4
Intraprovincial migrants	1,025	495	530	6.8	6.6	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	205	105	105	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,625	5,730	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,465	3,475	2,985	55.6	60.6	50.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,160	2,250	2,910	44.4	39.3	49.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,720	3,725	3,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,910	2,110	1,805	50.6	56.6	45.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,810	1,615	2,185	49.4	43.4	54.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,625	5,730	5,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,435	2,880	2,555	46.8	50.3	43.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,100	955	1,135	18.1	16.7	19.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,095	1,890	2,205	35.2	33.0	37.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245	1,595	1,650	27.9	27.8	28.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,200	825	370	10.3	14.4	6.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	595	395	200	5.1	6.9	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	605	430	170	5.2	7.5	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,735	645	1,085	14.9	11.3	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	120	190	2.7	2.1	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	850	295	555	7.3	5.1	9.4
Bachelor's degree	625	200	425	5.4	3.5	7.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	75	35	45	0.6	0.6	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Master's degree	110	45	65	0.9	0.8	1.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,715	3,730	3,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,015	1,605	1,415	39.1	43.0	35.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,160	505	655	15.0	13.5	16.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,545	1,615	1,925	45.9	43.3	48.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,825	1,365	1,460	36.6	36.6	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,010	690	315	13.1	18.5	7.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	520	340	180	6.7	9.1	4.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	490	350	140	6.4	9.4	3.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,540	575	965	20.0	15.4	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	105	175	3.6	2.8	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	715	250	465	9.3	6.7	11.7
Bachelor's degree	520	165	350	6.7	4.4	8.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	25	40	0.8	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Master's degree	95	40	55	1.2	1.1	1.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,625	5,730	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,530	3,840	3,690	64.8	67.0	62.6
Education	460	110	345	4.0	1.9	5.9
13. Education	460	110	345	4.0	1.9	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Humanities	230	90	140	2.0	1.6	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	45	0.4	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	55	70	1.0	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	590	90	495	5.1	1.6	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	380	15	365	3.3	0.3	6.2
22. Legal professions and studies	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
45. Social sciences	95	40	50	0.8	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	830	255	575	7.1	4.5	9.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	115	30	85	1.0	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	710	220	485	6.1	3.8	8.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	65	55	15	0.6	1.0	0.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	50	45	10	0.4	0.8	0.2
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	735	640	95	6.3	11.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	105	30	1.2	1.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	390	355	40	3.4	6.2	0.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	125	10	1.1	2.2	0.2
48. Precision production	40	35	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	65	60	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	45	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Health and related fields	400	105	290	3.4	1.8	4.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	360	80	280	3.1	1.4	4.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	640	440	195	5.5	7.7	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	155	35	120	1.3	0.6	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	220	165	50	1.9	2.9	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	240	25	2.3	4.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,720	3,725	3,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,180	2,110	2,070	54.1	56.6	51.9
Education	360	75	280	4.7	2.0	7.0
13. Education	360	75	280	4.7	2.0	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Humanities	175	65	105	2.3	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	45	50	1.2	1.2	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
54. History	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	515	75	440	6.7	2.0	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	15	325	4.4	0.4	8.1
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
45. Social sciences	75	35	45	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	765	230	540	9.9	6.2	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	30	70	1.3	0.8	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	665	195	465	8.6	5.2	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	65	50	15	0.8	1.3	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	50	45	10	0.6	1.2	0.3
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	645	555	85	8.4	14.9	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	20	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	125	95	30	1.6	2.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	340	300	35	4.4	8.1	0.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	120	110	10	1.6	3.0	0.3
48. Precision production	30	30	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	55	45	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	40	10	0.6	1.1	0.3
Health and related fields	355	90	260	4.6	2.4	6.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	25	10	0.4	0.7	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	320	70	255	4.1	1.9	6.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	555	390	160	7.2	10.5	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120	25	90	1.6	0.7	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	155	45	2.6	4.2	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	205	25	3.0	5.5	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,720	3,725	3,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,180	2,110	2,070	54.1	56.6	51.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,540	1,615	1,925	45.9	43.4	48.2
Location of study inside Canada	3,480	1,585	1,895	45.1	42.6	47.5
Same as province or territory of residence	2,705	1,285	1,425	35.0	34.5	35.7
Different than province or territory of residence	780	305	480	10.1	8.2	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	30	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Americas	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
United States of America	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	11,625	5,730	5,895	...	...	...
In the labour force	7,070	3,445	3,625	...	...	...
Employed	6,505	3,125	3,380	...	...	...
Unemployed	565	325	235	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,560	2,280	2,275	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.8	60.1	61.5	60.8	60.1	61.5
Employment rate	56.0	54.5	57.3	56.0	54.5	57.3
Unemployment rate	8.0	9.4	6.5	8.0	9.4	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	11,625	5,730	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,495	2,220	2,275	38.7	38.7	38.6
Worked	7,130	3,510	3,620	61.3	61.3	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,505	2,065	2,440	38.8	36.0	41.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,625	1,440	1,180	22.6	25.1	20.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	40.6	43.0	41.8	40.6	43.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,065	3,445	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	150	80	75	2.1	2.3	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,915	3,370	3,550	97.9	97.8	98.1
Employee	6,625	3,170	3,460	93.8	92.0	95.6
Permanent position	5,035	2,305	2,735	71.3	66.9	75.6
Temporary position	1,590	865	725	22.5	25.1	20.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	415	185	230	5.9	5.4	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,170	680	495	16.6	19.7	13.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	295	200	90	4.2	5.8	2.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,065	3,445	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	150	80	75	2.1	2.3	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,915	3,370	3,550	97.9	97.8	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	50	25	1.1	1.5	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,205	270	930	17.1	7.8	25.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	140	110	30	2.0	3.2	0.8
3 Health occupations	315	75	235	4.5	2.2	6.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,745	510	1,235	24.7	14.8	34.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	240	135	100	3.4	3.9	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	1,660	845	815	23.5	24.5	22.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,145	1,060	80	16.2	30.8	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	305	220	85	4.3	6.4	2.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	85	80	10	1.2	2.3	0.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,065	3,445	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	150	80	75	2.1	2.3	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	6,915	3,370	3,550	97.9	97.8	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	235	145	90	3.3	4.2	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145	100	40	2.1	2.9	1.1
22 Utilities	60	55	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
23 Construction	465	410	50	6.6	11.9	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
41 Wholesale trade	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
44-45 Retail trade	465	245	225	6.6	7.1	6.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	110	80	30	1.6	2.3	0.8
51 Information and cultural industries	75	40	30	1.1	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	75	55	20	1.1	1.6	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	90	50	40	1.3	1.5	1.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	210	140	70	3.0	4.1	1.9
61 Educational services	990	330	665	14.0	9.6	18.4
62 Health care and social assistance	1,760	425	1,335	24.9	12.3	36.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	155	95	65	2.2	2.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	295	135	160	4.2	3.9	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	145	105	40	2.1	3.0	1.1
91 Public administration	1,565	915	645	22.2	26.6	17.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	7,980	3,965	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,565	760	805	19.6	19.2	20.0
French	95	60	35	1.2	1.5	0.9
Non-official language	1,345	725	610	16.9	18.3	15.2
Indigenous³⁹	1,345	725	610	16.9	18.3	15.2
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	300	170	135	3.8	4.3	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	4,180	2,005	2,175	52.4	50.6	54.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	485	240	245	6.1	6.1	6.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	7,980	3,965	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	6,815	3,415	3,395	85.4	86.1	84.5
Official languages	3,205	1,550	1,660	40.2	39.1	41.3
English	3,040	1,455	1,590	38.1	36.7	39.6
French	165	90	70	2.1	2.3	1.7
Non-official languages	3,605	1,865	1,740	45.2	47.0	43.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,605	1,865	1,740	45.2	47.0	43.3
Algonquian languages	3,605	1,865	1,740	45.2	47.0	43.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,605	1,865	1,740	45.2	47.0	43.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	3,605	1,865	1,740	45.2	47.0	43.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	105	65	40	1.3	1.6	1.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	720	360	365	9.0	9.1	9.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,745	1,420	1,320	34.4	35.8	32.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,170	545	620	14.7	13.7	15.4
English and French	90	55	35	1.1	1.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	995	455	540	12.5	11.5	13.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	1.0	0.9	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	7,980	3,965	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	4,070	2,050	2,010	51.0	51.7	50.0
English	2,165	1,075	1,090	27.1	27.1	27.1
French	280	135	140	3.5	3.4	3.5
Non-official language	1,175	535	630	14.7	13.5	15.7
Indigenous³⁹	1,170	540	630	14.7	13.6	15.7
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	135	85	45	1.7	2.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	85	1.8	1.6	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,505	3,120	3,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	205	95	100	3.2	3.0	3.0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	880	625	260	13.5	20.0	7.7
Usual place of work	5,420	2,400	3,020	83.3	76.9	89.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,420	2,400	3,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,800	2,115	2,690	88.6	88.1	89.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	595	270	320	11.0	11.3	10.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	20	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,305	3,020	3,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,710	2,290	2,415	74.7	75.8	73.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,740	1,925	1,815	59.3	63.7	55.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	970	365	605	15.4	12.1	18.4
Public transit	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Walked	1,150	475	675	18.2	15.7	20.6
Bicycle	30	20	15	0.5	0.7	0.5
Other method	385	230	160	6.1	7.6	4.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,305	3,020	3,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,530	2,575	2,955	87.7	85.3	90.1
15 to 29 minutes	405	210	195	6.4	7.0	5.9
30 to 44 minutes	75	40	30	1.2	1.3	0.9
45 to 59 minutes	55	35	20	0.9	1.2	0.6
60 minutes and over	240	155	85	3.8	5.1	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,305	3,020	3,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	100	65	35	1.6	2.2	1.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	275	215	50	4.4	7.1	1.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	730	470	265	11.6	15.6	8.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,715	1,155	1,555	43.1	38.2	47.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,975	795	1,180	31.3	26.3	36.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	515	325	185	8.2	10.8	5.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,260	3,240	3,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,515	2,875	2,645	88.1	88.7	87.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	740	365	370	11.8	11.3	12.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,425	2,285	2,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,020	2,100	1,925	90.8	91.9	90.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,515	1,855	1,660	79.4	81.2	77.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	505	245	260	11.4	10.7	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	405	190	215	9.2	8.3	10.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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