Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Région de la Côte-NordMore information: Quebec [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	88,525	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	45,263	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,798	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	88,525	44,720	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,335	7,265	7,065	16.2	16.2	16.1
0 to 4 years	4,200	2,115	2,085	4.7	4.7	4.8
5 to 9 years	4,875	2,470	2,405	5.5	5.5	5.5
10 to 14 years	5,255	2,675	2,570	5.9	6.0	5.9
15 to 64 years	55,305	28,210	27,090	62.5	63.1	61.8
15 to 19 years	4,520	2,295	2,225	5.1	5.1	5.1
20 to 24 years	4,135	2,160	1,975	4.7	4.8	4.5
25 to 29 years	4,645	2,390	2,250	5.2	5.3	5.1
30 to 34 years	4,805	2,435	2,375	5.4	5.4	5.4
35 to 39 years	5,010	2,565	2,450	5.7	5.7	5.6
40 to 44 years	5,475	2,775	2,705	6.2	6.2	6.2
45 to 49 years	5,375	2,775	2,605	6.1	6.2	5.9
50 to 54 years	6,065	3,005	3,060	6.9	6.7	7.0
55 to 59 years	7,635	3,885	3,750	8.6	8.7	8.6
60 to 64 years	7,640	3,940	3,700	8.6	8.8	8.4
65 years and over	18,885	9,235	9,645	21.3	20.7	22.0
65 to 69 years	6,195	3,215	2,985	7.0	7.2	6.8
70 to 74 years	4,900	2,520	2,385	5.5	5.6	5.4
75 to 79 years	3,685	1,760	1,925	4.2	3.9	4.4
80 to 84 years	2,235	1,040	1,195	2.5	2.3	2.7
85 years and over	1,855	705	1,160	2.1	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,235	530	705	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	515	140	370	0.6	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	16.2	16.1	16.2	16.2	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.5	63.1	61.8	62.5	63.1	61.8
65 years and over	21.3	20.7	22.0	21.3	20.7	22.0
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	43.9	43.5	44.3	43.9	43.5	44.3
Median age of the population	46.4	46.0	46.8	46.4	46.0	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,425	...	...	61.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,285	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	1,185	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,370	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,575	...	...	16.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	500	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,350	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,875	...	...	34.9	...	...
2 persons	14,625	...	...	36.7	...	...
3 persons	5,170	...	...	13.0	...	...
4 persons	4,060	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,065	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	86,410	43,605	42,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	74,190	37,450	36,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,905	20,935	20,970	56.5	55.9	57.1
Married	20,175	10,115	10,055	27.2	27.0	27.4
Living common-law	21,735	10,815	10,915	29.3	28.9	29.7
Living common law - Never married	18,610	9,265	9,345	25.1	24.7	25.4
Living common law - Separated	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,555	1,325	1,235	3.4	3.5	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	400	150	250	0.5	0.4	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	32,285	16,515	15,770	43.5	44.1	42.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,890	13,035	9,855	30.9	34.8	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	760	365	390	1.0	1.0	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,145	2,000	2,145	5.6	5.3	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,490	1,110	3,380	6.1	3.0	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,765	...	...	58.4	...	...
3 persons	4,990	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	3,860	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,665	...	...	6.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,675	...	...	81.8	...	...
Married couples	9,810	...	...	38.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,945	...	...	11.7	...	...
Without children	6,860	...	...	27.1	...	...
Common-law couples	10,870	...	...	43.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,710	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	5,155	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,600	...	...	18.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,300	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,300	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	86,410	43,605	42,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,880	34,205	34,675	79.7	78.4	81.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,345	20,625	20,720	47.8	47.3	48.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,600	1,300	3,300	5.3	3.0	7.7
Children⁶	22,935	12,280	10,655	26.5	28.2	24.9
In a two-parent family	15,645	8,185	7,465	18.1	18.8	17.4
In a one-parent family	7,290	4,095	3,195	8.4	9.4	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,530	9,400	8,125	20.3	21.6	19.0
Living alone	13,875	7,480	6,395	16.1	17.2	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,885	920	965	2.2	2.1	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,765	1,000	765	2.0	2.3	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,515	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	19,695	...	...	49.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,205	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	11,485	...	...	28.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,820	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	560	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	720	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,035	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	13,875	...	...	34.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,090	36,350	35,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,495	35,580	34,915	97.8	97.9	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,400	43,200	51,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,520	35,595	34,930	97.8	97.9	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	32,800	38,400	44,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,595	32,735	29,855	86.8	90.1	83.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,000	28,400	35,600	44,000	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,220	27,505	23,715	71.1	75.7	66.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,400	32,400	38,400	46,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,165	26,980	30,190	79.3	74.2	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	13,300	12,400	12,800	13,300	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,035	7,365	5,670	18.1	20.3	15.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	7,400	6,450	6,850	7,400	6,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,525	8,710	8,815	24.3	24.0	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,050	36,310	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,485	35,560	34,925	97.8	97.9	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100	62,300	43,760	53,100	62,300	43,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,505	35,570	34,935	97.9	98.0	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	49,800	37,480	43,680	49,800	37,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,595	32,760	29,830	86.9	90.2	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	56,650	37,520	47,520	56,650	37,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,215	27,560	23,655	71.1	75.9	66.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	56,900	40,640	49,400	56,900	40,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,575	27,185	30,385	79.9	74.9	85.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,340	13,220	13,480	13,340	13,220	13,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,960	7,305	5,660	18.0	20.1	15.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,670	8,760	8,560	8,670	8,760	8,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,490	8,740	8,750	24.3	24.1	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,460	8,230	7,850	7,460	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,050	36,310	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,040	12,920	11,115	33.4	35.6	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	77,500	52,400	63,200	77,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,600	85,500	59,700	73,600	85,500	59,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,095	10,260	9,830	27.9	28.3	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	26,400	18,000	21,600	26,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	38,840	25,720	32,400	38,840	25,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.8	73.2	79.4	83.8	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	70.8	62.9	67.6	70.8	62.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.5	16.2	26.8	20.5	16.2	26.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.4	5.8	4.4	3.4	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.7	3.7	2.9	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,095	36,345	35,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,595	765	825	2.2	2.1	2.3
With total income	70,500	35,580	34,915	97.8	97.9	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,625	1,715	2,910	6.6	4.8	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,765	2,760	5,000	11.0	7.8	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	10,630	4,350	6,275	15.1	12.2	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	9,140	4,175	4,960	13.0	11.7	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,685	4,300	4,385	12.3	12.1	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,190	3,685	3,505	10.2	10.4	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,135	2,890	2,245	7.3	8.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,610	2,190	1,420	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,625	1,235	4.1	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	1,320	1,000	3.3	3.7	2.8
$100,000 and over	8,540	6,560	1,980	12.1	18.4	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	6,460	4,850	1,615	9.2	13.6	4.6
$150,000 and over	2,075	1,710	365	3.0	4.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,095	36,345	35,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,575	755	815	2.2	2.1	2.3
With after-tax income	70,520	35,590	34,925	97.8	97.9	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,900	1,775	3,125	6.9	5.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,165	2,900	5,265	11.6	8.1	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	12,465	5,170	7,295	17.7	14.5	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,445	5,610	5,835	16.2	15.8	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,155	5,310	4,840	14.4	14.9	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,125	4,040	3,085	10.1	11.3	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,645	2,650	2,000	6.6	7.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	2,080	1,450	5.0	5.8	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	2,025	915	4.2	5.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,035	1,570	460	2.9	4.4	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,120	2,460	660	4.4	6.9	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,255	1,830	430	3.2	5.1	1.2
$125,000 and over	865	635	230	1.2	1.8	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,095	36,345	35,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,880	8,840	12,030	29.0	24.3	33.7
With employment income	51,215	27,505	23,710	71.1	75.7	66.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,525	3,785	2,740	12.7	13.8	11.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,675	1,525	2,150	7.2	5.5	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,185	2,720	3,460	12.1	9.9	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,110	2,280	2,830	10.0	8.3	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,790	2,130	2,665	9.4	7.7	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,710	2,100	2,610	9.2	7.7	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,975	2,045	1,930	7.8	7.4	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,835	1,665	1,170	5.5	6.0	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,315	1,355	960	4.5	4.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	1,145	1,010	4.2	4.2	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,775	1,045	730	3.5	3.8	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,160	5,710	1,455	14.0	20.8	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,360	2,495	865	6.6	9.1	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,795	3,215	580	7.4	11.7	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,090	36,350	35,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,510	35,105	34,410	96.4	96.6	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,000	32,800	40,400	50,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,585	35,110	34,475	96.5	96.6	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,800	29,400	36,000	42,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,475	32,230	29,250	85.3	88.7	81.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,600	28,200	36,000	45,600	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,525	27,505	24,020	71.5	75.7	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,000	30,800	38,000	48,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,325	24,995	28,335	74.0	68.8	79.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,500	9,800	9,700	9,500	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,445	7,620	5,830	18.7	21.0	16.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,000	6,400	6,800	7,000	6,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,050	36,310	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,395	35,015	34,385	96.3	96.4	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,640	60,950	40,120	50,640	60,950	40,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,480	35,025	34,460	96.4	96.5	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	48,480	34,200	41,400	48,480	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,380	32,125	29,250	85.2	88.5	81.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880	58,150	36,640	47,880	58,150	36,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,430	27,415	24,015	71.4	75.5	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,120	58,100	38,840	49,120	58,100	38,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,755	25,230	28,525	74.6	69.5	79.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,590	10,800	10,700	10,590	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,370	7,575	5,790	18.6	20.9	16.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,140	8,050	8,250	8,140	8,050	8,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,050	36,310	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,835	12,820	11,010	33.1	35.3	30.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	75,500	48,800	59,600	75,500	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,200	81,900	54,500	69,200	81,900	54,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,905	9,695	9,210	26.2	26.7	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	32,400	20,800	25,200	32,400	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,960	45,080	28,440	36,960	45,080	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	87.4	77.6	83.6	87.4	77.6
Employment income (%)	71.8	74.6	67.6	71.8	74.6	67.6
Government transfers (%)	16.4	12.5	22.3	16.4	12.5	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.1	2.9	3.5	3.1	2.9	3.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,840	...	...	50,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,920	...	...	41,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	117,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	715	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,310	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,445	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,455	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,830	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,820	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,725	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,090	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,850	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,215	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,035	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,815	...	...	37.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,395	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,135	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,185	...	...	10.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,100	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	745	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,470	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,760	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,875	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,180	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,140	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,000	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,635	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,225	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,860	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,945	...	...	27.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,415	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,875	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,655	...	...	9.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,640	8,480	7,165	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	46,000	33,200	39,600	46,000	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	39,200	30,400	35,200	39,200	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,800	...	...	160,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,700	...	...	69,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,710	8,425	7,285	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,880	56,900	41,800	49,880	56,900	41,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,280	45,760	36,120	41,280	45,760	36,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	86,410	43,605	42,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,125	8,695	8,435	19.8	19.9	19.7
0 to 5 years	5,135	2,615	2,520	5.9	6.0	5.9
18 to 64 years	51,555	26,070	25,485	59.7	59.8	59.5
65 years and over	17,725	8,845	8,880	20.5	20.3	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,205	4,110	5,095	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,615	825	790	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	510	270	245	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,095	1,925	2,170	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,495	1,365	2,135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	9.4	11.9	10.7	9.4	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	10.3	9.6	10.0	10.3	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.4	8.5	7.9	7.4	8.5
65 years and over (%)	19.7	15.4	24.0	19.7	15.4	24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,770	39,450	38,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,220	7,220	6,990	18.3	18.3	18.2
0 to 5 years	4,220	2,140	2,080	5.4	5.4	5.4
18 to 64 years	46,585	23,740	22,845	59.9	60.2	59.6
65 years and over	16,965	8,485	8,480	21.8	21.5	22.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,575	845	730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	165	100	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,240	700	540	...	...	...
65 years and over	170	45	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.1	1.4	0.8	1.1	1.4	0.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.4	2.7	2.9	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.5	1.5	1.0	0.5	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	86,410	43,605	42,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,690	20,680	22,015	49.4	47.4	51.4
In bottom decile	7,415	3,325	4,095	8.6	7.6	9.6
In second decile	8,810	4,110	4,700	10.2	9.4	11.0
In third decile	8,960	4,375	4,585	10.4	10.0	10.7
In fourth decile	8,845	4,390	4,455	10.2	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	8,660	4,480	4,180	10.0	10.3	9.8
In top half of the distribution	43,720	22,925	20,790	50.6	52.6	48.6
In sixth decile	9,220	4,750	4,470	10.7	10.9	10.4
In seventh decile	9,085	4,730	4,350	10.5	10.8	10.2
In eighth decile	9,285	4,835	4,450	10.7	11.1	10.4
In ninth decile	9,535	5,070	4,465	11.0	11.6	10.4
In top decile	6,595	3,545	3,050	7.6	8.1	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	86,410	...	...	86,410	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.305	...	...	0.305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.434	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,420	44,185	43,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,185	1,595	1,590	3.6	3.6	3.7
French only	64,490	31,700	32,795	73.8	71.7	75.9
English and French	19,410	10,710	8,700	22.2	24.2	20.1
Neither English nor French	330	175	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,420	44,185	43,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,850	2,385	2,460	5.5	5.4	5.7
French	81,350	41,135	40,215	93.1	93.1	93.0
English and French	905	495	410	1.0	1.1	0.9
Neither English nor French	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,420	44,185	43,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,970	43,460	42,510	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	78,230	39,775	38,455	89.5	90.0	88.9
English	3,975	1,965	2,015	4.5	4.4	4.7
French	74,260	37,810	36,450	84.9	85.6	84.3
Non-official languages	7,740	3,685	4,055	8.9	8.3	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	6,930	3,265	3,670	7.9	7.4	8.5
Algonquian languages	6,830	3,215	3,615	7.8	7.3	8.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	6,830	3,215	3,610	7.8	7.3	8.3
Atikamekw	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	6,230	2,910	3,320	7.1	6.6	7.7
Naskapi	575	285	290	0.7	0.6	0.7
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	815	425	385	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	415	215	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	330	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,450	725	725	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	565	300	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	735	350	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,420	44,185	43,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,530	1,765	1,765	4.0	4.0	4.1
French	73,245	37,260	35,980	83.8	84.3	83.2
Non-official language	3,625	1,780	1,850	4.1	4.0	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	3,485	1,695	1,790	4.0	3.8	4.1
Non-Indigenous	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	2,145	1,105	1,045	2.5	2.5	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	325	155	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	4,080	1,880	2,205	4.7	4.3	5.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	400	210	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,420	44,185	43,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,850	43,410	42,435	98.2	98.2	98.1
Official languages	79,905	40,545	39,360	91.4	91.8	91.0
English	4,025	1,995	2,030	4.6	4.5	4.7
French	75,880	38,550	37,330	86.8	87.2	86.3
Non-official languages	5,945	2,870	3,075	6.8	6.5	7.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,660	2,700	2,960	6.5	6.1	6.8
Algonquian languages	5,590	2,670	2,925	6.4	6.0	6.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5,590	2,670	2,925	6.4	6.0	6.8
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5,110	2,420	2,690	5.8	5.5	6.2
Naskapi	465	240	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	285	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,570	770	800	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	520	280	235	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	875	395	480	1.0	0.9	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,420	44,185	43,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,845	41,515	40,330	93.6	94.0	93.3
English	1,445	740	700	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	2,370	1,110	1,260	2.7	2.5	2.9
Non-official language	1,415	640	775	1.6	1.4	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	1,120	490	630	1.3	1.1	1.5
Non-Indigenous	295	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	86,105	43,555	42,550	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	22,495	12,230	10,260	26.0	28.0	24.0
French	82,945	41,970	40,975	96.0	96.1	96.0
Non-official languages	10,135	4,735	5,395	11.7	10.8	12.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	8,210	3,850	4,360	9.5	8.8	10.2
Algonquian languages	8,090	3,795	4,295	9.4	8.7	10.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	8,090	3,785	4,295	9.4	8.7	10.1
Atikamekw	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	7,490	3,485	4,005	8.7	8.0	9.4
Naskapi	895	445	450	1.0	1.0	1.1
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,990	920	1,070	2.3	2.1	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	150	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	150	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	150	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,290	560	730	1.5	1.3	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,150	510	645	1.3	1.2	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	935	390	540	1.1	0.9	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,395	43,690	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,005	6,980	7,030	16.2	16.0	16.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,605	6,290	6,315	14.6	14.4	14.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,515	4,555	4,965	11.0	10.4	11.6
Métis	2,660	1,535	1,130	3.1	3.5	2.6
Inuk (Inuit)	425	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	215	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	1,185	565	620	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-Indigenous identity	72,390	36,715	35,670	83.8	84.0	83.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,395	43,690	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,520	5,085	5,435	12.2	11.6	12.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,880	38,610	37,270	87.8	88.4	87.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,275	...	...	68.5	...	...
Renter	10,865	...	...	27.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,655	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,760	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	38,035	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	4,300	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,715	...	...	26.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,185	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,405	...	...	26.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,290	...	...	25.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,835	...	...	19.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,660	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	4,930	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,075	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,570	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,075	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	715	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,670	...	...	19.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,945	...	...	50.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,650	...	...	9.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,220	...	...	10.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	960	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,315	...	...	3.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,300	...	...	3.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	740	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,455	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,340	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,420	...	...	61.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,740	...	...	37.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	630	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,225	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,800	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,025	...	...	15.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,745	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,120	...	...	22.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,015	...	...	17.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,705	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,160	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,940	...	...	91.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,975	...	...	8.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,795	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,625	...	...	16.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,710	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not suitable only	555	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,955	...	...	7.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,165	...	...	83.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,345	...	...	3.7	...	...
Not in core need	35,385	...	...	96.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.9	...	...	56.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	790	...	...	790	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	908	...	...	908	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	176,400	...	...	176,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,625	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.6	...	...	15.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	620	...	...	620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	638	...	...	638	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	356	...	...	356	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	370	...	...	370	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,920	6,425	6,495	15.0	14.7	15.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	12,605	6,290	6,320	14.6	14.4	14.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	11,070	5,455	5,610	12.8	12.5	13.1
Métis single ancestry	1,145	635	515	1.3	1.5	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	390	190	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	310	140	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,095	2,005	2,095	4.7	4.6	4.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,940	1,915	2,015	4.6	4.4	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,145	1,540	1,600	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	555	275	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	69,380	35,270	34,115	80.3	80.7	79.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,640	43,340	42,305	99.1	99.2	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,080	8,855	8,220	19.8	20.3	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,565	34,480	34,080	79.4	78.9	79.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	755	360	400	0.9	0.8	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	84,810	42,885	41,925	98.2	98.1	98.2
Immigrants⁸¹	1,240	600	640	1.4	1.4	1.5
Before 1980	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
1991 to 2000	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	330	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	530	215	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
2011 to 2015	255	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	280	105	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345	210	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,240	600	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	165	95	70	13.3	15.8	10.9
5 to 14 years	180	90	95	14.5	15.0	14.8
15 to 24 years	150	75	75	12.1	12.5	11.7
25 to 44 years	695	325	365	56.0	54.2	57.0
45 years and over	55	20	30	4.4	3.3	4.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,240	600	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	215	85	125	17.3	14.2	19.5
Brazil	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.6
Colombia	55	25	30	4.4	4.2	4.7
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	15	30	3.2	2.5	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	25	2.4	1.7	3.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	15	10	1.2	2.5	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	3.2	2.5	3.9
Europe	460	230	225	37.1	38.3	35.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	235	130	100	19.0	21.7	15.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	35	20	4.0	5.8	3.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	35	15	20	2.8	2.5	3.1
Romania	35	10	20	2.8	1.7	3.1
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	2.0	1.7	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	70	25	45	5.6	4.2	7.0
Africa	435	235	200	35.1	39.2	31.3
Algeria	30	15	15	2.4	2.5	2.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	15	2.8	3.3	2.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	70	40	30	5.6	6.7	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	295	145	150	23.8	24.2	23.4
Asia	125	40	85	10.1	6.7	13.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10	1.6	0.0	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	20	40	4.4	3.3	6.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	0	25	2.4	0.0	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	275	105	175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	15	20	14.5	14.3	11.4
Brazil	15	0	15	5.5	0.0	8.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	3.6	0.0	5.7
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	5.5	9.5	0.0
Europe	45	0	35	16.4	0.0	20.0
France	45	0	35	16.4	0.0	20.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	135	60	75	49.1	57.1	42.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	5.5	9.5	5.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	10	7.3	14.3	5.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	35	21.8	23.8	20.0
Asia	55	15	45	20.0	14.3	25.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	30	16.4	14.3	17.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	3.6	9.5	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	3.6	9.5	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,785	870	910	2.1	2.0	2.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,265	670	595	1.5	1.5	1.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,345	42,155	41,195	96.5	96.5	96.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,020	465	560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	610	300	310	59.8	64.5	55.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	335	205	130	32.8	44.1	23.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	275	95	180	27.0	20.4	32.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	355	140	220	34.8	30.1	39.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	30	25	5.4	6.5	4.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,020	465	560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	15	0	2.0	3.2	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	130	60	70	12.7	12.9	12.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10	2.0	3.2	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	70	80	14.2	15.1	14.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	695	305	390	68.1	65.6	69.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	86,400	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,305	650	660	1.5	1.5	1.5
South Asian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	585	300	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Filipino	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	125	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Southeast Asian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,090	43,045	42,040	98.5	98.5	98.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	30,200	15,080	15,120	35.0	34.5	35.4
English	1,555	785	770	1.8	1.8	1.8
Irish	3,015	1,435	1,580	3.5	3.3	3.7
Scottish	1,325	675	650	1.5	1.5	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,705	7,570	7,135	17.0	17.3	16.7
German	605	315	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	520	205	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indian (India)	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	12,700	6,485	6,215	14.7	14.8	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	6,755	3,520	3,235	7.8	8.1	7.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,025	1,560	1,465	3.5	3.6	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,195	2,015	2,180	4.9	4.6	5.1
Métis	2,015	1,065	945	2.3	2.4	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	695	345	350	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	215	115	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	2,400	1,225	1,175	2.8	2.8	2.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	980	520	460	1.1	1.2	1.1
Danish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,195	600	590	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian	120	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	650	365	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	870	400	470	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	410	195	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	7,320	3,545	3,770	8.5	8.1	8.8
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	150	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	315	140	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norman	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Beninese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	86,395	43,695	42,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	68,570	34,125	34,450	79.4	78.1	80.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,100	2,090	2,010	4.7	4.8	4.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,650	810	840	1.9	1.9	2.0
Baptist	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	61,615	30,660	30,955	71.3	70.2	72.5
Christian Orthodox	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	410	180	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	300	185	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	440	200	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	16,910	9,120	7,785	19.6	20.9	18.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	85,520	43,260	42,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,960	39,620	38,340	91.2	91.6	90.7
Movers	7,560	3,640	3,925	8.8	8.4	9.3
Non-migrants	5,100	2,480	2,620	6.0	5.7	6.2
Migrants	2,460	1,160	1,305	2.9	2.7	3.1
Internal migrants	2,340	1,105	1,235	2.7	2.6	2.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,220	1,050	1,175	2.6	2.4	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,125	41,520	40,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,585	29,845	28,735	71.3	71.9	70.8
Movers	23,540	11,675	11,865	28.7	28.1	29.2
Non-migrants	13,305	6,665	6,635	16.2	16.1	16.3
Migrants	10,235	5,010	5,230	12.5	12.1	12.9
Internal migrants	9,780	4,800	4,985	11.9	11.6	12.3
Intraprovincial migrants	9,390	4,605	4,790	11.4	11.1	11.8
Interprovincial migrants	390	195	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	455	205	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,045	36,310	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,515	12,120	10,395	31.3	33.4	29.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,535	24,190	25,340	68.8	66.6	70.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,850	23,090	22,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,750	6,005	4,735	23.4	26.0	20.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,105	17,085	18,020	76.6	74.0	79.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,045	36,315	35,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,945	10,175	9,770	27.7	28.0	27.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,105	6,945	8,155	21.0	19.1	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,000	19,190	17,805	51.4	52.8	49.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,295	16,330	12,965	40.7	45.0	36.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,300	10,375	4,920	21.2	28.6	13.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,170	6,935	4,235	15.5	19.1	11.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,125	3,440	685	5.7	9.5	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,160	5,350	6,810	16.9	14.7	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,835	605	1,235	2.5	1.7	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,710	2,860	4,845	10.7	7.9	13.6
Bachelor's degree	5,815	2,105	3,700	8.1	5.8	10.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	210	315	0.7	0.6	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,010	370	635	1.4	1.0	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,845	23,090	22,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,930	4,680	4,245	19.5	20.3	18.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,150	3,850	4,305	17.8	16.7	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,765	14,565	14,205	62.7	63.1	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,345	12,290	10,050	48.7	53.2	44.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,775	7,830	3,950	25.7	33.9	17.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,730	5,285	3,445	19.0	22.9	15.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,050	2,540	505	6.7	11.0	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,265	4,040	5,220	20.2	17.5	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,305	420	880	2.8	1.8	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,425	2,270	4,155	14.0	9.8	18.3
Bachelor's degree	4,785	1,660	3,120	10.4	7.2	13.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	170	280	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	60	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	890	315	570	1.9	1.4	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,045	36,315	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,045	17,120	17,930	48.6	47.1	50.2
Education	3,290	605	2,690	4.6	1.7	7.5
13. Education	3,290	605	2,690	4.6	1.7	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	265	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	435	195	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
Humanities	1,230	480	750	1.7	1.3	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	290	470	1.1	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,185	505	1,680	3.0	1.4	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	20	750	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	270	80	190	0.4	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	430	90	340	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	460	230	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	6,750	1,570	5,175	9.4	4.3	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	110	500	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,140	1,460	4,675	8.5	4.0	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	850	465	390	1.2	1.3	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195	85	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	190	145	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	320	175	0.7	0.9	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	400	295	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
25. Library science	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,335	10,430	905	15.7	28.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	710	570	140	1.0	1.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,105	1,790	320	2.9	4.9	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,665	2,530	140	3.7	7.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,545	3,420	120	4.9	9.4	0.3
48. Precision production	2,140	2,050	90	3.0	5.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,260	925	340	1.7	2.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,045	830	215	1.5	2.3	0.6
Health and related fields	4,490	755	3,735	6.2	2.1	10.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	180	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,115	535	3,575	5.7	1.5	10.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,575	2,865	1,710	6.4	7.9	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,585	305	1,285	2.2	0.8	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	860	560	300	1.2	1.5	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,115	1,990	125	2.9	5.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,845	23,090	22,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,080	8,530	8,550	37.3	36.9	37.6
Education	2,335	405	1,930	5.1	1.8	8.5
13. Education	2,335	405	1,930	5.1	1.8	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	390	215	180	0.9	0.9	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	60	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	325	155	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Humanities	795	285	510	1.7	1.2	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0	80	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	160	295	1.0	0.7	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,835	385	1,445	4.0	1.7	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	15	680	1.5	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	215	55	155	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	380	85	295	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	325	160	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Business, management and public administration	5,530	1,245	4,280	12.1	5.4	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	90	440	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,000	1,155	3,840	10.9	5.0	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	595	355	245	1.3	1.5	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	150	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	115	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	255	150	0.9	1.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	240	105	0.8	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	55	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,570	7,805	765	18.7	33.8	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	625	485	140	1.4	2.1	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,620	1,355	270	3.5	5.9	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,930	1,830	110	4.2	7.9	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,645	2,550	95	5.8	11.0	0.4
48. Precision production	1,615	1,530	85	3.5	6.6	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	985	725	265	2.1	3.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	825	650	170	1.8	2.8	0.7
Health and related fields	3,540	560	2,980	7.7	2.4	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	135	75	0.5	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,260	400	2,860	7.1	1.7	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,765	2,330	1,435	8.2	10.1	6.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,305	220	1,080	2.8	1.0	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	710	470	240	1.5	2.0	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,745	1,635	115	3.8	7.1	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,845	23,090	22,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,080	8,530	8,550	37.3	36.9	37.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	28,770	14,560	14,205	62.8	63.1	62.4
Location of study inside Canada	28,220	14,285	13,940	61.6	61.9	61.3
Same as province or territory of residence	27,615	14,000	13,610	60.2	60.6	59.8
Different than province or territory of residence	610	285	330	1.3	1.2	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	545	280	265	1.2	1.2	1.2
Americas	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	175	100	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,045	36,315	35,730	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,555	22,785	20,770	...	...	...
Employed	40,285	20,875	19,415	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,265	1,910	1,355	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,495	13,530	14,960	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.5	62.7	58.1	60.5	62.7	58.1
Employment rate	55.9	57.5	54.3	55.9	57.5	54.3
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.4	6.5	7.5	8.4	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,045	36,315	35,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,835	12,555	14,285	37.2	34.6	40.0
Worked	45,210	23,760	21,450	62.8	65.4	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,445	13,160	11,290	33.9	36.2	31.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,760	10,605	10,160	28.8	29.2	28.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.0	41.0	41.0	41.0	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,555	22,785	20,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	700	380	320	1.6	1.7	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,855	22,405	20,455	98.4	98.3	98.5
Employee	39,835	20,815	19,020	91.5	91.4	91.6
Permanent position	30,815	16,035	14,785	70.7	70.4	71.2
Temporary position	9,015	4,780	4,235	20.7	21.0	20.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,310	960	1,350	5.3	4.2	6.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,705	3,815	2,885	15.4	16.7	13.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,020	1,590	1,430	6.9	7.0	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,555	22,785	20,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	700	380	320	1.6	1.7	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,855	22,405	20,455	98.4	98.3	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	535	335	200	1.2	1.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,580	1,335	4,245	12.8	5.9	20.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,205	1,685	515	5.1	7.4	2.5
3 Health occupations	3,340	465	2,875	7.7	2.0	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,190	1,525	4,660	14.2	6.7	22.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	735	375	360	1.7	1.6	1.7
6 Sales and service occupations	10,600	4,235	6,360	24.3	18.6	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,730	9,075	650	22.3	39.8	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,480	1,255	220	3.4	5.5	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,460	2,110	350	5.6	9.3	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,555	22,785	20,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	700	380	320	1.6	1.7	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	42,855	22,405	20,455	98.4	98.3	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,225	940	280	2.8	4.1	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,550	2,085	465	5.9	9.2	2.2
22 Utilities	1,185	970	210	2.7	4.3	1.0
23 Construction	2,925	2,565	360	6.7	11.3	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,985	3,310	670	9.1	14.5	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	620	460	165	1.4	2.0	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	4,975	2,190	2,790	11.4	9.6	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,195	1,730	470	5.0	7.6	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	430	195	235	1.0	0.9	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	645	165	475	1.5	0.7	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	510	300	210	1.2	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,165	600	565	2.7	2.6	2.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,430	840	595	3.3	3.7	2.9
61 Educational services	3,360	890	2,465	7.7	3.9	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	6,850	1,150	5,700	15.7	5.0	27.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	580	270	310	1.3	1.2	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,520	875	1,645	5.8	3.8	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,810	925	885	4.2	4.1	4.3
91 Public administration	3,875	1,930	1,945	8.9	8.5	9.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,025	25,090	22,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,890	1,040	850	3.9	4.1	3.7
French	39,690	20,800	18,890	82.6	82.9	82.4
Non-official language	770	390	390	1.6	1.6	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	765	390	380	1.6	1.6	1.7
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,590	2,005	1,590	7.5	8.0	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,765	705	1,060	3.7	2.8	4.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,025	25,090	22,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,120	24,625	22,490	98.1	98.1	98.1
Official languages	45,410	23,850	21,560	94.6	95.1	94.0
English	2,400	1,305	1,100	5.0	5.2	4.8
French	43,005	22,545	20,465	89.5	89.9	89.2
Non-official languages	1,710	780	935	3.6	3.1	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,700	780	925	3.5	3.1	4.0
Algonquian languages	1,690	770	920	3.5	3.1	4.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,690	770	920	3.5	3.1	4.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,535	695	835	3.2	2.8	3.6
Naskapi	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	905	465	440	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	410	270	140	0.9	1.1	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	415	165	250	0.9	0.7	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,025	25,090	22,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,195	22,665	20,530	89.9	90.3	89.5
English	2,775	1,535	1,245	5.8	6.1	5.4
French	1,325	580	745	2.8	2.3	3.2
Non-official language	585	240	345	1.2	1.0	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	550	220	325	1.1	0.9	1.4
Non-Indigenous	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,290	20,875	19,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,380	1,540	1,840	8.4	7.4	9.5
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,985	2,995	990	9.9	14.3	5.1
Usual place of work	32,910	16,335	16,580	81.7	78.3	85.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,910	16,335	16,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,175	12,100	13,080	76.5	74.1	78.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,705	2,925	2,780	17.3	17.9	16.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,885	1,235	655	5.7	7.6	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	145	75	75	0.4	0.5	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,895	19,330	17,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,900	17,370	15,530	89.2	89.9	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,915	16,455	14,465	83.8	85.1	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,985	920	1,065	5.4	4.8	6.1
Public transit	415	275	140	1.1	1.4	0.8
Walked	2,540	1,020	1,525	6.9	5.3	8.7
Bicycle	250	195	50	0.7	1.0	0.3
Other method	795	470	325	2.2	2.4	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,895	19,330	17,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,650	10,275	12,380	61.4	53.2	70.5
15 to 29 minutes	9,210	5,465	3,745	25.0	28.3	21.3
30 to 44 minutes	3,080	2,105	980	8.3	10.9	5.6
45 to 59 minutes	875	610	265	2.4	3.2	1.5
60 minutes and over	1,080	875	205	2.9	4.5	1.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,895	19,330	17,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,135	1,715	425	5.8	8.9	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,160	4,620	1,540	16.7	23.9	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,995	6,740	7,250	37.9	34.9	41.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,905	3,095	4,810	21.4	16.0	27.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,150	675	1,475	5.8	3.5	8.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,545	2,480	2,065	12.3	12.8	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,445	8,845	8,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,290	1,115	1,175	13.1	12.6	13.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,155	7,735	7,420	86.9	87.5	86.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,895	6,535	6,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,765	835	925	13.7	12.8	14.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,305	645	665	10.1	9.9	10.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	455	195	260	3.5	3.0	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,135	5,695	5,435	86.4	87.1	85.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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