Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Région de la Capitale-NationaleMore information: Quebec [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	757,950	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	383,057	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	354,681	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	757,950	372,760	385,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	117,555	60,105	57,450	15.5	16.1	14.9
0 to 4 years	36,220	18,605	17,620	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	40,900	20,910	19,995	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	40,425	20,595	19,835	5.3	5.5	5.1
15 to 64 years	469,760	236,900	232,865	62.0	63.6	60.5
15 to 19 years	34,545	17,495	17,055	4.6	4.7	4.4
20 to 24 years	40,390	20,320	20,065	5.3	5.5	5.2
25 to 29 years	49,640	25,265	24,370	6.5	6.8	6.3
30 to 34 years	49,030	24,700	24,330	6.5	6.6	6.3
35 to 39 years	49,480	25,360	24,120	6.5	6.8	6.3
40 to 44 years	51,080	26,000	25,080	6.7	7.0	6.5
45 to 49 years	43,250	22,135	21,115	5.7	5.9	5.5
50 to 54 years	43,220	21,680	21,540	5.7	5.8	5.6
55 to 59 years	53,125	26,440	26,680	7.0	7.1	6.9
60 to 64 years	56,015	27,505	28,510	7.4	7.4	7.4
65 years and over	170,635	75,760	94,875	22.5	20.3	24.6
65 to 69 years	50,975	24,205	26,770	6.7	6.5	6.9
70 to 74 years	44,715	21,015	23,700	5.9	5.6	6.2
75 to 79 years	33,255	15,045	18,210	4.4	4.0	4.7
80 to 84 years	20,810	8,680	12,125	2.7	2.3	3.1
85 years and over	20,890	6,815	14,075	2.8	1.8	3.7
85 to 89 years	12,680	4,555	8,125	1.7	1.2	2.1
90 to 94 years	6,335	1,855	4,475	0.8	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	1,670	375	1,295	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	205	30	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.1	14.9	15.5	16.1	14.9
15 to 64 years	62.0	63.6	60.5	62.0	63.6	60.5
65 years and over	22.5	20.3	24.6	22.5	20.3	24.6
85 years and over	2.8	1.8	3.7	2.8	1.8	3.7
Average age of the population	43.7	42.5	44.8	43.7	42.5	44.8
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	45.2	43.6	42.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	145,815	...	...	41.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	19,005	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	7,945	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	22,620	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	130,615	...	...	36.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25,070	...	...	7.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,375	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,230	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	354,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	136,470	...	...	38.5	...	...
2 persons	126,845	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	40,000	...	...	11.3	...	...
4 persons	35,910	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	15,455	...	...	4.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	737,010	364,800	372,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	640,395	312,655	327,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	364,115	182,265	181,850	56.9	58.3	55.5
Married	180,120	90,105	90,010	28.1	28.8	27.5
Living common-law	184,000	92,160	91,840	28.7	29.5	28.0
Living common law - Never married	152,750	76,020	76,730	23.9	24.3	23.4
Living common law - Separated	1,545	795	745	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	26,495	13,935	12,565	4.1	4.5	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	3,215	1,415	1,800	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	276,280	130,390	145,890	43.1	41.7	44.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	193,175	102,920	90,260	30.2	32.9	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	7,770	3,600	4,170	1.2	1.2	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	42,025	16,275	25,750	6.6	5.2	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	33,310	7,595	25,720	5.2	2.4	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	207,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	121,065	...	...	58.5	...	...
3 persons	37,485	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	34,835	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	13,730	...	...	6.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	207,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	178,340	...	...	86.1	...	...
Married couples	86,400	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	31,610	...	...	15.3	...	...
Without children	54,785	...	...	26.5	...	...
Common-law couples	91,940	...	...	44.4	...	...
With children⁶	43,245	...	...	20.9	...	...
Without children	48,695	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	28,780	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20,325	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	8,460	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	737,010	364,800	372,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	566,805	282,475	284,330	76.9	77.4	76.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	356,675	178,565	178,115	48.4	48.9	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	28,780	8,460	20,320	3.9	2.3	5.5
Children⁶	181,350	95,455	85,895	24.6	26.2	23.1
In a two-parent family	138,415	72,205	66,210	18.8	19.8	17.8
In a one-parent family	42,935	23,250	19,685	5.8	6.4	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	170,200	82,320	87,875	23.1	22.6	23.6
Living alone	136,470	63,750	72,715	18.5	17.5	19.5
Living with other relatives⁷	10,800	5,055	5,750	1.5	1.4	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	22,925	13,515	9,415	3.1	3.7	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	354,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	199,225	...	...	56.2	...	...
Couple-family households	172,815	...	...	48.7	...	...
With children⁶	72,570	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	100,250	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	26,405	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,060	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	500	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,065	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	12,355	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	136,470	...	...	38.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	619,660	304,810	314,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	609,875	300,055	309,815	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,600	40,800	44,800	49,600	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	610,030	300,140	309,890	98.4	98.5	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,400	36,000	39,200	42,400	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	565,400	282,590	282,810	91.2	92.7	89.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,600	31,600	37,600	43,600	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445,660	231,815	213,850	71.9	76.1	67.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,000	40,000	44,400	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	497,305	230,950	266,350	80.3	75.8	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,900	12,000	11,100	9,900	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,375	38,120	33,255	11.5	12.5	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,760	5,480	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	159,140	84,070	75,075	25.7	27.6	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	619,670	304,815	314,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	610,020	300,150	309,865	98.4	98.5	98.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	59,100	47,120	53,000	59,100	47,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	610,190	300,260	309,925	98.5	98.5	98.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,400	47,320	39,600	43,400	47,320	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565,690	282,800	282,885	91.3	92.8	89.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,600	39,720	46,680	53,600	39,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445,690	231,815	213,875	71.9	76.1	67.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	52,200	42,280	47,440	52,200	42,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	497,125	231,225	265,900	80.2	75.9	84.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,960	11,120	12,690	11,960	11,120	12,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,915	38,105	32,810	11.4	12.5	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,115	8,400	7,170	6,115	8,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	158,745	84,250	74,500	25.6	27.6	23.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,730	7,490	7,990	7,730	7,490	7,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	619,670	304,815	314,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	223,220	119,400	103,825	36.0	39.2	33.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	65,000	55,200	60,000	65,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	74,400	62,350	68,800	74,400	62,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	178,260	87,505	90,755	28.8	28.7	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,800	17,200	19,200	21,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,320	25,440	28,800	32,320	25,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	85.4	77.0	81.6	85.4	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	68.2	61.9	65.4	68.2	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	14.5	23.1	18.4	14.5	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.0	4.5	4.0	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.6	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	619,655	304,810	314,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	9,785	4,750	5,030	1.6	1.6	1.6
With total income	609,870	300,055	309,815	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	32,775	14,300	18,480	5.4	4.8	6.0
$10,000 to $19,999	63,135	24,925	38,210	10.4	8.3	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	89,290	37,860	51,435	14.6	12.6	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	79,835	35,895	43,945	13.1	12.0	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	81,205	38,395	42,810	13.3	12.8	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	70,120	35,075	35,050	11.5	11.7	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	52,535	28,820	23,715	8.6	9.6	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	39,010	22,705	16,310	6.4	7.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	29,930	17,025	12,905	4.9	5.7	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	21,140	11,845	9,295	3.5	3.9	3.0
$100,000 and over	50,880	33,220	17,665	8.3	11.1	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	36,760	23,230	13,530	6.0	7.7	4.4
$150,000 and over	14,115	9,985	4,130	2.3	3.3	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	619,655	304,810	314,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	9,625	4,670	4,955	1.6	1.5	1.6
With after-tax income	610,030	300,145	309,885	98.4	98.5	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	36,315	15,115	21,200	6.0	5.0	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	66,770	26,810	39,965	10.9	8.9	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	106,565	45,775	60,795	17.5	15.2	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	104,725	49,265	55,460	17.2	16.4	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	98,620	49,675	48,945	16.2	16.6	15.8
$50,000 to $59,999	71,590	39,780	31,810	11.7	13.3	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	47,815	26,840	20,980	7.8	8.9	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	30,800	16,835	13,965	5.0	5.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	17,315	10,225	7,090	2.8	3.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	9,805	6,250	3,555	1.6	2.1	1.1
$100,000 and over	19,710	13,585	6,115	3.2	4.5	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	10,565	7,090	3,475	1.7	2.4	1.1
$125,000 and over	9,135	6,495	2,645	1.5	2.2	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	619,655	304,810	314,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	173,990	73,000	100,995	28.1	23.9	32.1
With employment income	445,665	231,810	213,850	71.9	76.1	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	52,645	27,720	24,925	11.8	12.0	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	33,245	14,910	18,335	7.5	6.4	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	51,105	23,060	28,045	11.5	9.9	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	41,965	19,335	22,635	9.4	8.3	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	43,355	20,915	22,450	9.7	9.0	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	47,405	22,740	24,665	10.6	9.8	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	41,350	21,735	19,615	9.3	9.4	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	32,770	19,050	13,720	7.4	8.2	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	26,615	15,780	10,835	6.0	6.8	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	22,530	12,540	9,985	5.1	5.4	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	15,250	8,940	6,305	3.4	3.9	3.0
$100,000 and over	37,415	25,090	12,325	8.4	10.8	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	19,245	12,430	6,820	4.3	5.4	3.2
$125,000 and over	18,175	12,660	5,510	4.1	5.5	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	619,660	304,810	314,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	602,740	296,425	306,315	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,600	38,000	42,800	47,600	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	603,000	296,445	306,555	97.3	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	33,600	37,200	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	559,145	279,785	279,355	90.2	91.8	88.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,400	38,000	44,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	449,330	233,050	216,275	72.5	76.5	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	35,600	40,000	44,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	454,365	207,070	247,295	73.3	67.9	78.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	5,920	8,900	7,900	5,920	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	62,150	34,220	27,935	10.0	11.2	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,360	5,440	4,800	4,360	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	619,670	304,815	314,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	602,905	296,590	306,315	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	56,950	44,440	50,600	56,950	44,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	603,180	296,610	306,570	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	45,680	37,280	41,400	45,680	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	559,060	279,875	279,185	90.2	91.8	88.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	54,200	39,800	47,000	54,200	39,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	449,405	233,050	216,355	72.5	76.5	68.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,160	52,400	41,520	47,160	52,400	41,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	454,170	207,225	246,945	73.3	68.0	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,320	8,360	10,120	9,320	8,360	10,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,275	34,500	27,775	10.0	11.3	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,830	5,370	8,650	6,830	5,370	8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	619,670	304,815	314,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	222,255	118,845	103,410	35.9	39.0	32.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,000	51,600	56,800	62,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100	71,300	58,000	65,100	71,300	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170,270	83,600	86,675	27.5	27.4	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	27,000	21,200	24,000	27,000	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,280	37,320	29,360	33,280	37,320	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.8	81.6	86.2	89.8	81.6
Employment income (%)	69.4	72.2	66.0	69.4	72.2	66.0
Government transfers (%)	13.9	10.3	18.4	13.9	10.3	18.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	354,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	136,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	218,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	354,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	136,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,320	...	...	48,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,240	...	...	40,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	218,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	2,580	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,820	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,240	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,105	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,025	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,845	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,230	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,865	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,300	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,365	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	26,835	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	24,510	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	22,530	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,080	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	120,240	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40,765	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	28,025	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30,260	...	...	8.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	21,195	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	2,950	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,925	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,395	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,560	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,525	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,460	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,570	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,805	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,080	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,005	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	34,060	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,525	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,550	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,295	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,950	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	85,030	...	...	24.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	37,925	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	22,010	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	25,090	...	...	7.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	208,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	101,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	159,400	77,270	82,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,400	38,000	40,000	42,400	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,200	34,400	35,600	37,200	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	208,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	101,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...	102,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,800	...	...	68,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	159,645	77,760	81,890	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,680	49,480	44,040	46,680	49,480	44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,040	40,640	37,560	39,040	40,640	37,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	737,005	364,800	372,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	137,655	70,310	67,345	18.7	19.3	18.1
0 to 5 years	44,135	22,695	21,440	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	444,510	223,245	221,265	60.3	61.2	59.4
65 years and over	154,840	71,240	83,600	21.0	19.5	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	71,740	32,620	39,115	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	9,295	4,720	4,575	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,185	1,640	1,545	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	36,970	18,760	18,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	25,480	9,145	16,335	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	8.9	10.5	9.7	8.9	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
65 years and over (%)	16.5	12.8	19.5	16.5	12.8	19.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	734,820	363,690	371,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	137,265	70,105	67,160	18.7	19.3	18.1
0 to 5 years	44,010	22,615	21,390	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	443,170	222,560	220,610	60.3	61.2	59.4
65 years and over	154,380	71,020	83,360	21.0	19.5	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	36,245	18,010	18,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,090	2,055	2,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,335	680	650	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	25,330	13,545	11,785	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,825	2,410	4,415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.1	5.3	5.7	6.1	5.3
65 years and over (%)	4.4	3.4	5.3	4.4	3.4	5.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	737,005	364,800	372,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	379,630	182,490	197,140	51.5	50.0	53.0
In bottom decile	61,685	28,860	32,825	8.4	7.9	8.8
In second decile	68,920	31,845	37,075	9.4	8.7	10.0
In third decile	77,495	37,175	40,325	10.5	10.2	10.8
In fourth decile	84,360	41,115	43,245	11.4	11.3	11.6
In fifth decile	87,160	43,485	43,670	11.8	11.9	11.7
In top half of the distribution	357,380	182,310	175,070	48.5	50.0	47.0
In sixth decile	87,805	44,535	43,270	11.9	12.2	11.6
In seventh decile	84,170	42,800	41,370	11.4	11.7	11.1
In eighth decile	77,130	39,195	37,930	10.5	10.7	10.2
In ninth decile	61,395	31,520	29,875	8.3	8.6	8.0
In top decile	46,875	24,255	22,620	6.4	6.6	6.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	737,010	...	...	737,010	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	748,030	369,080	378,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,595	1,415	1,180	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	439,650	202,430	237,215	58.8	54.8	62.6
English and French	303,365	164,080	139,285	40.6	44.5	36.8
Neither English nor French	2,415	1,150	1,270	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	748,030	369,080	378,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,245	6,895	6,345	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	723,895	356,445	367,450	96.8	96.6	97.0
English and French	8,640	4,680	3,960	1.2	1.3	1.0
Neither English nor French	2,250	1,055	1,195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	748,030	369,080	378,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	735,930	362,820	373,115	98.4	98.3	98.5
Official languages	699,920	344,925	354,995	93.6	93.5	93.7
English	10,500	5,530	4,970	1.4	1.5	1.3
French	689,420	339,395	350,025	92.2	92.0	92.4
Non-official languages	36,015	17,895	18,120	4.8	4.8	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	465	190	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	435	180	260	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	430	175	250	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	360	150	210	0.0	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,545	17,705	17,840	4.8	4.8	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,470	4,595	3,875	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	950	515	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	755	400	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,355	3,995	3,360	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	7,320	3,985	3,340	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,135	510	625	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	340	150	195	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	795	365	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	595	265	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	300	135	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	850	390	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	575	265	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	165	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,230	8,925	9,305	2.4	2.4	2.5
Albanian	235	120	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,485	1,170	1,315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,470	1,160	1,315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	105	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	770	340	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,025	525	505	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	670	350	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	215	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	140	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	720	315	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	505	200	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	475	180	290	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,730	855	875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	810	405	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	460	235	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	920	450	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	805	380	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	515	250	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,900	6,385	6,515	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	555	315	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	2,720	1,370	1,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	895	435	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	8,705	4,255	4,450	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	150	30	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,910	1,980	1,935	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	95	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	250	140	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	485	210	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	650	320	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	960	480	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	370	200	175	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	610	315	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,360	620	740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	1,275	575	700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	915	405	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	180	65	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	15	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	12,100	6,260	5,840	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and French	6,130	3,235	2,890	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	390	200	185	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	4,710	2,385	2,330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	525	270	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	345	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	748,030	369,080	378,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,160	2,730	2,430	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	675,205	331,385	343,820	90.3	89.8	90.7
Non-official language	9,680	4,830	4,850	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	130	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,550	4,785	4,770	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	28,365	15,530	12,835	3.8	4.2	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,060	515	545	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	21,105	10,255	10,850	2.8	2.8	2.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,875	3,550	3,330	0.9	1.0	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	575	275	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	748,030	369,080	378,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	735,495	362,695	372,805	98.3	98.3	98.4
Official languages	716,720	353,390	363,325	95.8	95.7	95.9
English	9,100	4,765	4,335	1.2	1.3	1.1
French	707,620	348,630	358,990	94.6	94.5	94.7
Non-official languages	18,775	9,305	9,470	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	250	105	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	240	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	235	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	195	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,525	9,195	9,325	2.5	2.5	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,715	1,890	1,825	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	380	190	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	295	145	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,270	1,670	1,605	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,260	1,665	1,600	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	605	280	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	470	225	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	155	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	75	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	310	125	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	165	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,850	5,400	5,450	1.5	1.5	1.4
Albanian	125	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,240	615	625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,240	615	625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	450	220	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	530	280	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	340	175	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,285	625	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	635	315	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	405	210	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	645	310	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	565	275	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	390	190	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,040	4,005	4,035	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,945	980	965	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	445	215	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	5,540	2,755	2,780	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,220	585	635	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	150	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	420	200	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	215	120	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	995	505	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	915	460	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	710	360	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	12,535	6,385	6,155	1.7	1.7	1.6
English and French	5,425	2,875	2,550	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	340	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	5,955	2,925	3,035	0.8	0.8	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	740	380	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	748,030	369,080	378,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	700,700	344,370	356,330	93.7	93.3	94.0
English	21,475	11,845	9,625	2.9	3.2	2.5
French	9,670	4,825	4,845	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-official language	10,310	5,015	5,295	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	145	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,160	4,940	5,220	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	1,220	650	570	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,005	1,555	1,455	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	755	355	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	730	375	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	737,010	364,795	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	734,565	363,635	370,930	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	303,940	164,835	139,105	41.2	45.2	37.4
French	731,835	362,195	369,640	99.3	99.3	99.3
Non-official languages	75,940	35,715	40,225	10.3	9.8	10.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	880	390	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	780	340	435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	750	325	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	620	265	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75,095	35,345	39,755	10.2	9.7	10.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,030	7,015	6,015	1.8	1.9	1.6
Berber languages	1,235	705	530	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	985	535	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	195	130	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	340	185	155	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	185	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	12,155	6,535	5,615	1.6	1.8	1.5
Amharic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	12,005	6,435	5,565	1.6	1.8	1.5
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	120	85	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,460	655	805	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	390	160	225	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,085	495	590	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	895	355	540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	415	190	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	210	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	340	115	220	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,870	895	975	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	1,330	610	720	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	210	115	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	48,950	22,410	26,540	6.6	6.1	7.1
Albanian	355	180	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,820	1,895	1,925	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,805	1,885	1,925	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	310	140	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	410	180	225	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	1,750	880	870	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,290	660	630	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	835	435	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	300	150	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	320	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	305	130	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,995	1,930	2,065	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,440	1,665	1,775	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	3,385	1,635	1,745	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	445	205	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	360	165	195	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	200	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,340	1,185	1,155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,345	700	645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	220	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	400	225	175	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	560	320	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	250	105	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,045	510	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	955	465	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	645	320	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40,340	18,090	22,245	5.5	5.0	6.0
Catalan	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,205	1,605	1,600	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	4,155	2,225	1,935	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	1,170	555	615	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	34,170	14,880	19,290	4.6	4.1	5.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	690	350	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	195	70	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	7,155	3,500	3,650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Akan (Twi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	310	145	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	200	130	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	580	305	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	815	370	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	710	375	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	965	480	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,900	945	955	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	190	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	985	515	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,955	975	985	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	270	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	270	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	790	310	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	680	255	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,165	970	1,200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	2,020	900	1,125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,560	675	885	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	470	205	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	315	120	200	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	180	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,410	7,100	7,310	2.0	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,505	6,640	6,870	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,695	4,160	4,525	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis	4,565	2,350	2,210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	255	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	250	145	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	650	320	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	722,600	357,690	364,905	98.0	98.1	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,615	2,750	2,865	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	731,390	362,040	369,350	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	206,450	...	...	58.2	...	...
Renter	148,150	...	...	41.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	54,190	...	...	15.3	...	...
Not condominium	300,490	...	...	84.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	3,500	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	67,440	...	...	19.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	117,745	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	102,750	...	...	29.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	63,245	...	...	17.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	143,180	...	...	40.4	...	...
5 rooms	55,605	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	37,615	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	35,445	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	82,840	...	...	23.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	352,745	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	1,935	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	348,135	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	6,545	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	73,090	...	...	20.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	102,905	...	...	29.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	51,095	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	38,640	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	18,840	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,805	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	23,240	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	23,075	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	336,450	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	18,230	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	200,300	...	...	56.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	149,300	...	...	42.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,085	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,040	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	53,545	...	...	15.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	59,890	...	...	16.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	53,590	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,465	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	61,870	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,345	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	9,935	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	351,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	300,705	...	...	85.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	51,275	...	...	14.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,230	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	354,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	72,250	...	...	20.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	47,965	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not suitable only	5,545	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,955	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	500	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,785	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	470	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	282,430	...	...	79.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	347,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	16,495	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	331,450	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	205,320	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.7	...	...	62.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,172	...	...	1,172	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	321,600	...	...	321,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	147,750	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	891	...	...	891	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	11,525	5,490	6,035	1.6	1.5	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,430	5,445	5,985	1.6	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,715	4,685	5,030	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis single ancestry	1,565	715	850	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	145	45	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	17,020	8,065	8,955	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	16,765	7,965	8,800	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15,230	7,180	8,050	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,390	710	685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	255	105	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	708,465	351,235	357,225	96.1	96.3	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	704,220	348,205	356,015	95.6	95.5	95.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	131,520	67,105	64,425	17.8	18.4	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	572,695	281,100	291,590	77.7	77.1	78.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	32,790	16,585	16,200	4.4	4.5	4.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	672,250	331,970	340,275	91.2	91.0	91.4
Immigrants⁸¹	50,535	25,195	25,345	6.9	6.9	6.8
Before 1980	3,855	2,165	1,690	0.5	0.6	0.5
1980 to 1990	2,840	1,520	1,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	5,535	2,710	2,820	0.8	0.7	0.8
2001 to 2010	14,465	7,245	7,210	2.0	2.0	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	23,845	11,545	12,300	3.2	3.2	3.3
2011 to 2015	10,660	5,190	5,470	1.4	1.4	1.5
2016 to 2021	13,185	6,355	6,830	1.8	1.7	1.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	14,225	7,625	6,600	1.9	2.1	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	50,535	25,195	25,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,695	2,810	2,890	11.3	11.2	11.4
5 to 14 years	8,320	4,035	4,285	16.5	16.0	16.9
15 to 24 years	6,760	3,100	3,660	13.4	12.3	14.4
25 to 44 years	26,720	13,715	13,005	52.9	54.4	51.3
45 years and over	3,040	1,535	1,505	6.0	6.1	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	50,535	25,195	25,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10,015	4,695	5,320	19.8	18.6	21.0
Brazil	1,170	575	595	2.3	2.3	2.3
Colombia	3,065	1,410	1,660	6.1	5.6	6.5
El Salvador	370	210	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	1,255	555	695	2.5	2.2	2.7
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexico	885	410	480	1.8	1.6	1.9
Peru	320	140	180	0.6	0.6	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	985	450	540	1.9	1.8	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,935	930	1,000	3.8	3.7	3.9
Europe	15,695	8,210	7,490	31.1	32.6	29.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	890	460	435	1.8	1.8	1.7
Croatia	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
France	9,370	5,055	4,315	18.5	20.1	17.0
Germany	430	160	270	0.9	0.6	1.1
Greece	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hungary	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	370	195	170	0.7	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	260	120	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portugal	315	160	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romania	690	325	365	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian Federation	310	155	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	335	135	200	0.7	0.5	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	320	225	95	0.6	0.9	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	2,140	1,100	1,040	4.2	4.4	4.1
Africa	19,220	9,770	9,450	38.0	38.8	37.3
Algeria	2,045	1,125	920	4.0	4.5	3.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,365	630	735	2.7	2.5	2.9
Egypt	145	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	2,885	1,505	1,385	5.7	6.0	5.5
Nigeria	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somalia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	12,615	6,385	6,230	25.0	25.3	24.6
Asia	5,530	2,475	3,055	10.9	9.8	12.1
Afghanistan	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	330	150	185	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iraq	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	255	160	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	505	270	235	1.0	1.1	0.9
Turkey	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	985	325	660	1.9	1.3	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	280	90	185	0.6	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	645	305	350	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bangladesh	220	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,715	780	930	3.4	3.1	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	13,185	6,355	6,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,685	835	855	12.8	13.1	12.5
Brazil	385	185	195	2.9	2.9	2.9
Colombia	400	185	210	3.0	2.9	3.1
Haiti	205	105	100	1.6	1.7	1.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	125	70	55	0.9	1.1	0.8
United States of America	165	75	95	1.3	1.2	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	350	190	160	2.7	3.0	2.3
Europe	2,735	1,380	1,355	20.7	21.7	19.8
France	2,150	1,105	1,040	16.3	17.4	15.2
Germany	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	30	20	0.3	0.5	0.3
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	90	30	65	0.7	0.5	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other places of birth in Europe	360	165	195	2.7	2.6	2.9
Africa	7,410	3,540	3,875	56.2	55.7	56.7
Algeria	380	180	200	2.9	2.8	2.9
Burundi	235	120	120	1.8	1.9	1.8
Cameroon	1,240	585	650	9.4	9.2	9.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	555	225	325	4.2	3.5	4.8
Côte d'Ivoire	1,610	775	830	12.2	12.2	12.1
Egypt	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	765	355	410	5.8	5.6	6.0
Nigeria	50	15	35	0.4	0.2	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	755	390	360	5.7	6.1	5.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,780	865	915	13.5	13.6	13.4
Asia	1,330	590	745	10.1	9.3	10.9
Afghanistan	70	25	45	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	130	50	80	1.0	0.8	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	95	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Iraq	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordan	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
Nepal	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	50	75	0.9	0.8	1.1
Saudi Arabia	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	405	205	195	3.1	3.2	2.9
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	70	20	55	0.5	0.3	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	205	85	120	1.6	1.3	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	69,355	34,745	34,610	9.4	9.5	9.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,945	17,725	17,220	4.7	4.9	4.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	632,705	312,315	320,385	85.8	85.6	86.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	46,680	23,025	23,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	26,555	14,255	12,300	56.9	61.9	52.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,105	8,665	4,440	28.1	37.6	18.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,450	5,590	7,860	28.8	24.3	33.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,825	4,155	6,670	23.2	18.0	28.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	9,060	4,500	4,560	19.4	19.5	19.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	235	110	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	46,680	23,025	23,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,110	620	490	2.4	2.7	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,300	2,255	2,050	9.2	9.8	8.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,710	825	885	3.7	3.6	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,575	2,120	1,455	7.7	9.2	6.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	265	115	155	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	35,720	17,090	18,630	76.5	74.2	78.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	737,010	364,795	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	54,165	26,605	27,560	7.3	7.3	7.4
South Asian	1,735	905	830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	2,920	940	1,980	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	23,040	11,515	11,520	3.1	3.2	3.1
Filipino	550	200	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	10,260	5,445	4,810	1.4	1.5	1.3
Latin American	9,470	4,615	4,850	1.3	1.3	1.3
Southeast Asian	3,135	1,465	1,665	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	885	430	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	275	165	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	315	125	195	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	480	245	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	1,100	550	545	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	682,840	338,185	344,655	92.7	92.7	92.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	737,005	364,790	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	262,770	128,185	134,580	35.7	35.1	36.2
English	8,890	4,525	4,365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	31,880	15,215	16,665	4.3	4.2	4.5
Scottish	11,875	5,870	6,005	1.6	1.6	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	199,460	100,570	98,890	27.1	27.6	26.6
German	8,165	3,930	4,235	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	3,290	1,155	2,130	0.4	0.3	0.6
Italian	8,735	4,410	4,325	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	835	445	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	1,195	570	620	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	930	440	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	2,160	1,100	1,060	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	97,315	48,445	48,870	13.2	13.3	13.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,390	685	705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	560	230	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	69,800	34,330	35,470	9.5	9.4	9.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	16,575	8,255	8,320	2.2	2.3	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	11,790	5,335	6,455	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	3,240	1,530	1,710	0.4	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	9,555	5,010	4,550	1.3	1.4	1.2
Russian	1,085	500	585	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	525	275	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	2,455	1,245	1,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	2,990	1,455	1,535	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	4,100	1,990	2,110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	245	145	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	595	275	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	7,740	3,700	4,040	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,660	2,385	2,275	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	490	270	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,725	840	885	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	4,590	2,505	2,085	0.6	0.7	0.6
Greek	705	365	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	125	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	370	155	215	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	300	160	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	1,110	535	585	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	1,025	585	440	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	635	295	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	7,295	3,685	3,605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	250	165	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,085	1,010	1,080	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	460	290	165	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	3,980	1,895	2,085	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	2,270	1,060	1,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	1,885	895	990	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	1,640	880	760	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	330	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	485	200	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,735	795	940	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	860	465	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	360	210	150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,045	485	560	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	3,965	1,920	2,045	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	3,395	1,775	1,620	0.5	0.5	0.4
Czech	190	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	500	270	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	175	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	485	250	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	305	170	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	350	185	165	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	255	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	360	165	195	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	190	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,995	1,035	960	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	1,990	980	1,015	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	300	190	115	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	440	220	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	310	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,295	650	645	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	625	310	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	2,195	1,110	1,090	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	85	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	415	190	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	660	295	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	1,365	820	550	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	305	155	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	105	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	855	455	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	415	205	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	165	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	205	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	380	180	200	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	3,135	1,655	1,480	0.4	0.5	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165	105	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	630	345	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	415	215	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	325	160	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	2,630	1,245	1,390	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	1,965	985	985	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	275	165	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	270	140	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	245	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	725	425	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	225	70	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	340	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	570	305	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	1,130	555	575	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	610	330	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	1,655	860	790	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	440	230	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	2,785	1,390	1,390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	1,145	565	585	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	1,610	845	770	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	2,280	1,135	1,145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saulteaux	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	0	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	980	465	520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	130	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	830	370	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	155	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	940	465	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	495	225	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	260	115	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	425	250	170	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	785	415	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	825	395	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	390	240	145	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	285	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	490	265	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	375	210	170	0.1	0.1	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	485	240	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	425	245	180	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	50	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	585	270	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	737,010	364,795	372,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,735	765	970	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	499,395	238,515	260,875	67.8	65.4	70.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	42,125	21,140	20,985	5.7	5.8	5.6
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	650	340	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	1,395	660	740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	443,810	211,030	232,785	60.2	57.8	62.5
Christian Orthodox	2,160	1,035	1,120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	1,415	630	795	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	345	185	160	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,165	970	1,195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	235	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	280	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,410	2,040	2,375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindu	525	285	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	330	205	130	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	18,385	9,550	8,835	2.5	2.6	2.4
Sikh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	200	130	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,665	845	825	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	214,750	114,485	100,260	29.1	31.4	26.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	730,110	361,275	368,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	638,180	316,275	321,910	87.4	87.5	87.3
Movers	91,935	45,000	46,930	12.6	12.5	12.7
Non-migrants	64,965	31,865	33,105	8.9	8.8	9.0
Migrants	26,960	13,140	13,825	3.7	3.6	3.7
Internal migrants	22,795	11,135	11,665	3.1	3.1	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	21,310	10,350	10,955	2.9	2.9	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,485	780	705	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	4,165	2,005	2,165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	700,720	346,180	354,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	425,170	210,175	214,995	60.7	60.7	60.6
Movers	275,555	136,010	139,545	39.3	39.3	39.4
Non-migrants	147,125	72,700	74,425	21.0	21.0	21.0
Migrants	128,430	63,315	65,115	18.3	18.3	18.4
Internal migrants	107,420	52,690	54,725	15.3	15.2	15.4
Intraprovincial migrants	102,190	50,000	52,185	14.6	14.4	14.7
Interprovincial migrants	5,230	2,690	2,540	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	21,010	10,625	10,390	3.0	3.1	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	619,675	304,815	314,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	93,555	50,080	43,470	15.1	16.4	13.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	526,120	254,730	271,385	84.9	83.6	86.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	391,500	196,665	194,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	37,115	22,970	14,140	9.5	11.7	7.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	354,390	173,690	180,700	90.5	88.3	92.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	619,675	304,810	314,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	81,545	41,395	40,150	13.2	13.6	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	127,670	60,450	67,220	20.6	19.8	21.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	410,455	202,965	207,490	66.2	66.6	65.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	244,500	125,690	118,805	39.5	41.2	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	98,920	61,785	37,135	16.0	20.3	11.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70,975	38,745	32,235	11.5	12.7	10.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,945	23,045	4,900	4.5	7.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	121,865	54,585	67,285	19.7	17.9	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,710	9,320	14,385	3.8	3.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	165,955	77,275	88,685	26.8	25.4	28.2
Bachelor's degree	100,690	45,590	55,100	16.2	15.0	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,270	5,855	7,415	2.1	1.9	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,585	2,260	2,325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	39,485	18,940	20,545	6.4	6.2	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	7,925	4,630	3,295	1.3	1.5	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	391,500	196,660	194,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,980	17,230	11,750	7.4	8.8	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	59,055	31,135	27,915	15.1	15.8	14.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	303,465	148,295	155,170	77.5	75.4	79.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175,300	91,535	83,770	44.8	46.5	43.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75,760	46,850	28,910	19.4	23.8	14.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	54,590	29,300	25,290	13.9	14.9	13.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	21,170	17,545	3,625	5.4	8.9	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	84,380	38,400	45,980	21.6	19.5	23.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,165	6,285	8,875	3.9	3.2	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	128,165	56,765	71,405	32.7	28.9	36.6
Bachelor's degree	76,390	33,505	42,885	19.5	17.0	22.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,065	4,030	6,030	2.6	2.0	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,325	1,315	2,015	0.8	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	32,225	14,570	17,655	8.2	7.4	9.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	6,165	3,345	2,820	1.6	1.7	1.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	619,675	304,815	314,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	209,220	101,845	107,370	33.8	33.4	34.1
Education	30,270	7,430	22,840	4.9	2.4	7.3
13. Education	30,270	7,430	22,840	4.9	2.4	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,195	7,370	8,820	2.6	2.4	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,115	2,060	1,055	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	13,075	5,310	7,765	2.1	1.7	2.5
Humanities	23,485	10,100	13,385	3.8	3.3	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,455	890	2,560	0.6	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	530	220	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	11,415	5,305	6,105	1.8	1.7	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	230	105	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,215	850	370	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,000	655	345	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	1,860	1,070	790	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	3,775	1,000	2,775	0.6	0.3	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	42,375	15,300	27,075	6.8	5.0	8.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	305	95	210	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,760	1,920	3,840	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,340	860	6,480	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	8,980	3,565	5,420	1.4	1.2	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,445	365	1,080	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	6,170	1,510	4,660	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	12,365	6,990	5,375	2.0	2.3	1.7
Business, management and public administration	93,785	36,770	57,015	15.1	12.1	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,885	1,720	5,160	1.1	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,840	35,035	51,810	14.0	11.5	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	17,170	9,355	7,815	2.8	3.1	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,515	2,940	3,570	1.1	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,800	1,075	720	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	3,905	2,015	1,895	0.6	0.7	0.6
40. Physical sciences	4,110	2,915	1,195	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	840	410	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20,655	14,790	5,865	3.3	4.9	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,660	13,525	4,135	2.8	4.4	1.3
25. Library science	1,465	305	1,160	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,205	750	455	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	320	210	110	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	76,365	68,975	7,390	12.3	22.6	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	3,260	1,870	1,395	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	14,060	11,775	2,285	2.3	3.9	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	14,835	12,965	1,875	2.4	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	18,510	17,780	730	3.0	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,895	15,280	610	2.6	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	9,750	9,295	455	1.6	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,175	6,215	3,960	1.6	2.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,410	2,660	2,755	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,760	3,555	1,205	0.8	1.2	0.4
Health and related fields	51,250	10,650	40,600	8.3	3.5	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,935	1,595	1,340	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	46,355	8,035	38,320	7.5	2.6	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,915	1,010	910	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,395	15,925	12,470	4.6	5.2	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15,110	4,840	10,275	2.4	1.6	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	90	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	200	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	5,575	4,015	1,560	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,385	6,785	605	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	340	90	255	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	391,500	196,665	194,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	88,035	48,365	39,670	22.5	24.6	20.4
Education	19,610	4,260	15,350	5.0	2.2	7.9
13. Education	19,610	4,260	15,350	5.0	2.2	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,375	5,615	6,765	3.2	2.9	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,370	1,545	820	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	10,005	4,060	5,940	2.6	2.1	3.0
Humanities	13,965	5,885	8,080	3.6	3.0	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,420	585	1,835	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	360	150	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,165	3,000	3,165	1.6	1.5	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	755	520	240	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	470	335	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	1,230	700	525	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,410	535	1,880	0.6	0.3	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,130	10,695	21,430	8.2	5.4	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	245	75	170	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,745	1,560	3,180	1.2	0.8	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,995	675	5,315	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	6,575	2,240	4,330	1.7	1.1	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,050	290	760	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	4,635	1,000	3,630	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	8,885	4,840	4,045	2.3	2.5	2.1
Business, management and public administration	71,220	26,665	44,550	18.2	13.6	22.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,220	1,170	4,050	1.3	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65,960	25,485	40,475	16.8	13.0	20.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,810	5,920	4,885	2.8	3.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,360	2,930	1.4	1.2	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	910	560	345	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	875	550	325	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	3,170	2,140	1,030	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	570	315	255	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	17,435	12,695	4,740	4.5	6.5	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,440	11,895	3,545	3.9	6.0	1.8
25. Library science	980	200	780	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	775	455	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	245	145	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	58,150	51,770	6,380	14.9	26.3	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	2,535	1,345	1,190	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	11,540	9,450	2,090	2.9	4.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10,950	9,360	1,595	2.8	4.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	14,135	13,525	610	3.6	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,560	11,085	475	3.0	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	7,400	7,000	390	1.9	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,915	4,600	3,315	2.0	2.3	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	4,205	1,945	2,260	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,710	2,655	1,055	0.9	1.4	0.5
Health and related fields	37,040	7,705	29,335	9.5	3.9	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,225	1,125	1,095	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	33,430	6,035	27,395	8.5	3.1	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,340	530	810	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,515	12,400	10,120	5.8	6.3	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,055	3,755	8,300	3.1	1.9	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	70	70	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	150	125	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	4,360	3,065	1,295	1.1	1.6	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,885	5,380	500	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	300	85	210	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	391,500	196,665	194,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,035	48,365	39,670	22.5	24.6	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	303,470	148,300	155,170	77.5	75.4	79.6
Location of study inside Canada	279,490	135,845	143,640	71.4	69.1	73.7
Same as province or territory of residence	274,220	132,840	141,380	70.0	67.5	72.6
Different than province or territory of residence	5,270	3,005	2,265	1.3	1.5	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	23,980	12,455	11,525	6.1	6.3	5.9
Americas	5,265	2,670	2,600	1.3	1.4	1.3
United States of America	1,060	630	425	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	590	245	340	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	185	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	1,365	695	670	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	1,140	575	560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	450	210	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	10,325	5,620	4,705	2.6	2.9	2.4
Belgium	495	280	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	7,495	4,140	3,360	1.9	2.1	1.7
Germany	155	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	265	150	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	120	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	155	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	205	90	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	315	195	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	205	85	120	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	115	90	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	420	210	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	6,700	3,445	3,250	1.7	1.8	1.7
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	870	405	460	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	1,180	625	550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	1,650	870	775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egypt	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	2,930	1,495	1,430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Asia	1,600	670	925	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	295	140	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	385	175	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	70	10	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	190	55	130	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	619,675	304,815	314,855	...	...	...
In the labour force	402,000	207,990	194,015	...	...	...
Employed	374,860	194,175	180,690	...	...	...
Unemployed	27,135	13,815	13,320	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	217,675	96,830	120,845	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.9	68.2	61.6	64.9	68.2	61.6
Employment rate	60.5	63.7	57.4	60.5	63.7	57.4
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.6	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	619,675	304,815	314,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	206,865	91,215	115,650	33.4	29.9	36.7
Worked	412,810	213,600	199,210	66.6	70.1	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	227,270	121,970	105,305	36.7	40.0	33.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	185,540	91,630	93,905	29.9	30.1	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.7	42.2	42.7	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	402,000	207,985	194,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	5,980	2,810	3,165	1.5	1.4	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	396,020	205,175	190,845	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	356,090	181,330	174,760	88.6	87.2	90.1
Permanent position	295,640	152,455	143,180	73.5	73.3	73.8
Temporary position	60,450	28,870	31,580	15.0	13.9	16.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	22,715	10,125	12,585	5.7	4.9	6.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	37,735	18,745	18,995	9.4	9.0	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	39,935	23,850	16,080	9.9	11.5	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	402,000	207,985	194,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	5,980	2,810	3,165	1.5	1.4	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	396,020	205,175	190,845	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	7,125	5,070	2,055	1.8	2.4	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	76,290	25,955	50,335	19.0	12.5	25.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	41,240	30,870	10,365	10.3	14.8	5.3
3 Health occupations	36,505	7,970	28,535	9.1	3.8	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	57,955	20,510	37,445	14.4	9.9	19.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,915	6,465	6,445	3.2	3.1	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	94,240	46,585	47,660	23.4	22.4	24.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	54,400	50,195	4,210	13.5	24.1	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,355	3,420	940	1.1	1.6	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10,995	8,135	2,860	2.7	3.9	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	402,000	207,985	194,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	5,980	2,810	3,165	1.5	1.4	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	396,020	205,175	190,845	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,735	2,385	1,350	0.9	1.1	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,035	915	125	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	2,075	1,655	420	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	23,445	20,485	2,955	5.8	9.8	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	26,370	19,030	7,345	6.6	9.1	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	10,650	7,930	2,725	2.6	3.8	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	44,820	22,420	22,405	11.1	10.8	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	14,525	11,435	3,090	3.6	5.5	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	5,810	3,790	2,015	1.4	1.8	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	18,330	8,200	10,135	4.6	3.9	5.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,770	3,410	2,360	1.4	1.6	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	33,500	19,990	13,510	8.3	9.6	7.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	390	205	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,100	9,495	5,600	3.8	4.6	2.9
61 Educational services	30,775	10,010	20,765	7.7	4.8	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	59,865	13,675	46,190	14.9	6.6	23.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,095	3,755	3,340	1.8	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	23,355	11,775	11,580	5.8	5.7	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,670	7,995	8,675	4.1	3.8	4.5
91 Public administration	52,695	26,630	26,065	13.1	12.8	13.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	433,075	223,865	209,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,565	2,710	1,850	1.1	1.2	0.9
French	360,405	180,415	179,990	83.2	80.6	86.0
Non-official language	480	285	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	460	280	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	64,410	39,050	25,360	14.9	17.4	12.1
English and non-official language(s)	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,330	555	775	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,725	765	965	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	433,075	223,865	209,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	425,065	219,070	205,995	98.2	97.9	98.5
Official languages	424,230	218,630	205,600	98.0	97.7	98.3
English	11,745	6,980	4,765	2.7	3.1	2.3
French	412,485	211,655	200,835	95.2	94.5	96.0
Non-official languages	835	435	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	410	385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	555	315	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	275	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	425	265	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,010	4,795	3,215	1.8	2.1	1.5
English and French	7,490	4,565	2,925	1.7	2.0	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	355	140	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	433,075	223,865	209,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	373,095	188,055	185,040	86.2	84.0	88.4
English	50,365	30,480	19,885	11.6	13.6	9.5
French	7,160	4,235	2,925	1.7	1.9	1.4
Non-official language	1,090	455	635	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,035	445	590	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,040	460	575	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	220	105	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	374,860	194,175	180,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	92,350	45,160	47,190	24.6	23.3	26.1
Worked outside Canada	555	405	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	37,010	28,175	8,825	9.9	14.5	4.9
Usual place of work	244,950	120,425	124,525	65.3	62.0	68.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	244,950	120,425	124,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	172,705	80,930	91,775	70.5	67.2	73.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	26,935	13,955	12,985	11.0	11.6	10.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	44,905	25,235	19,675	18.3	21.0	15.8
Commute to a different province or territory	400	305	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	281,955	148,605	133,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	233,495	126,050	107,440	82.8	84.8	80.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	220,045	120,715	99,335	78.0	81.2	74.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	13,445	5,335	8,105	4.8	3.6	6.1
Public transit	22,675	9,500	13,175	8.0	6.4	9.9
Walked	18,070	8,240	9,830	6.4	5.5	7.4
Bicycle	3,295	2,345	950	1.2	1.6	0.7
Other method	4,425	2,470	1,955	1.6	1.7	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	281,955	148,605	133,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	91,805	45,450	46,350	32.6	30.6	34.8
15 to 29 minutes	125,050	66,825	58,225	44.4	45.0	43.7
30 to 44 minutes	44,750	24,790	19,960	15.9	16.7	15.0
45 to 59 minutes	12,335	6,485	5,845	4.4	4.4	4.4
60 minutes and over	8,015	5,045	2,970	2.8	3.4	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	281,955	148,605	133,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,305	10,975	3,325	5.1	7.4	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	52,490	34,890	17,600	18.6	23.5	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	95,150	45,570	49,580	33.7	30.7	37.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	57,850	25,260	32,585	20.5	17.0	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	23,320	10,215	13,110	8.3	6.9	9.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	38,840	21,700	17,145	13.8	14.6	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	140,035	71,520	68,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,545	6,285	6,260	9.0	8.8	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	127,495	65,235	62,255	91.0	91.2	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	101,105	51,490	49,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,660	4,825	4,835	9.6	9.4	9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,165	3,545	3,620	7.1	6.9	7.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,490	1,280	1,210	2.5	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	91,450	46,665	44,785	90.5	90.6	90.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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